BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

MINISTRY OF POPULAR POWER FOR THE DEFENSE

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ARMED FORCE

THE WATER

MEMBERS:
EULOGIA BARRERA. CI: 22.953.311
ONEYDA PIA. CI: 20.650.877
JOUBERT JAIMES. CI: 24.387.991

MARACAY, NOVEMBER 2013

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INDEX
INTRODUCTION_________________________________________________ 3
GLOSSARIES OF TERMS__________________________________________ 4
APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM____________________________________ 5
SOLUTIONS_____________________________________________________ 8
CONCLUSIONS__________________________________________________ 9
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES___________________________________ 10

INTRODUCTION
This problem that presents himself to us in the present, it is a topic that occupies more
each day the attention of scientific, technical, political and, in general, many of the
inhabitants of the planet. The shortage of this vital fluid forced to reiterate once again
a call to the moderation of consumption by the population at the global level, since
without their collaboration technical efforts carried out some organizations would be
insufficient.
In addition the water such as is found in nature, to be used without risk for human
consumption needs to be treated, to eliminate the organisms and particles that can be
harmful to your health. And finally it must be distributed through pipelines up to your
house, so that you can consume it without any problem or no risk. Of all the natural
and social crisis that we must deal with human beings, of water resources is the most
affecting to our own survival and that of the planet.

GLOSSARIES OF TERMS
Water: is a substance, the molecule is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
(H2O). It is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. The term water
usually refers to the substance in its liquid state, although the same can be found in its
solid form called ice, and in its gaseous form called steam.
Deforestation: is a process usually caused by human action, which destroys the
surface forestal.1 2 is directly caused by the action of man on nature, mainly due to
the talas or burning carried out by the timber industry, as well as the obtaining of soil
for agriculture, mining and livestock.
Ecosystem: is a natural system which consists of a set of living organisms
(biocenosis) and the physical environment where they relate (biotope). An ecosystem
is a unit composed of interdependent organisms that share the same habitat.
Desertification: is the natural evolutionary process from one area to some
morphological conditions, climate and environmental known as desert.
Spring: is a natural source of water that flows from the ground or among the rocks. It
can be permanent or temporary. Originates in the filtration of water, rain or snow, that
penetrates in a area and emerge in another of lower altitude, where the water is not
confined in a watertight conduit.
Climate: covers the statistical values on the elements of the weather in a region
during a representative period, as for example a week, a month, etc: temperature,
humidity, pressure, winds and precipitation
Soil: is called soil to the surface of the earth's crust, biologically active, which comes
from the disintegration or alteration physics and chemistry of the rocks and residues
of the activities of living beings, that is seated on it.

APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM

About 50 percent of the water in the drinking water supply systems in developing
countries is lost to leaks, illegal connections and vandalism. In some countries, the
drinking water is highly subsidized for those connected to the system, usually people
in a better economic situation, while the poor people that is not connected to the
system depends on private vendors expensive or unsafe sources.
The sources, the springs, the basin or glens are in accelerated track of extinction,
there are changes of climate and soil, floods, droughts and desertification. But the
human action is the most drastic: exerts a deforestation delirious, it ignores the
traditional knowledge on all of the local indigenous communities, removed the water
from the rivers in different ways, among others with engineering works, dams and
diversions.
I guess that to continue as well life on the planet will disappear by the lack of water,
generating major conflicts between countries to obtain the vital fluid.
The shortage of water
In the international political agenda the issue of water scarcity has become priority,
for example, access to water is an important point of the peace agreements between
Israel and its neighbors. But this aspect is not confined to the Middle East, since the
share rivers is a matter of national security, precisely because of the importance of
water for development; currently about 40% of the people in the world live in more
than 200 river basins shared. And is that faced with a situation of scarcity of water the
threat looms on three fundamental aspects of human welfare: food production, health
and political and social stability. This is further complicated if the resource available
is shared, without considering the ecological aspect.
It is for this reason that the management of the resource should be directed to avoid
conflict situations due to scarcity, exploitation and pollution, through preventive
measures that seek rational use and conservation. The conceptualization of the
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conservation of water resources must be understood as a process that crosses a

number of sectors, by what the strategy should consider everything: the economic,
social, biological, political, and so on.
The quality of the water are essential for food, energy and productivity. The wise
management of this resource is central to the strategy of sustainable development,
understood this as an integral management that find the balance between economic
growth, equity and environmental sustainability through a regulatory mechanism that
is the effective social participation.
Water is an essential resource but little for life. Less than 1% of the planet's water is
freshwater and accessible for men, although this percentage varies considerably
depending on the location, the weather or the time of the year.
The agricultural sector, largest consumer of water
The agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water with 65 %, not only because
the irrigated area in the world has had to fivefold but because it did not have a system
of efficient irrigation, main reason that causes losses become monumental. It is
followed by the industrial sector that requires 25% and domestic consumption,
commercial and other urban services that require the municipal 10 %. By 2015 the
industrial use will reach 34% at the expense of reducing the 58% volumes intended
for irrigation and the 8% those intended for other uses. The total water consumption
has tripled since 1950 surpassing the 4.300 km3/year, equivalent to 30 per cent of the
staffing renewable of the world that can be considered as stable.
In these circumstances many regions of the world have reached the limit of water
management, which has led to over-exploit the water resources surface and
underground, creating a strong impact on the environment.
Although in the past two decades has made progress on the various aspects of
development and the management of water resources, the themes of the quality of the
water are more serious than previously thought.
There are various reasons but we could cite two of these: the greater part of the
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world's population lives in river basins shared, which means greater competition due
to uses, 50 countries on four continents sit more than three-quarters of its total
population in international river basins; what makes the 47% of the population in
river basins shared international, 214 watersheds are multinationals, including 57 in
Africa, 58 in America, 48 in Europe and 51 in Asia.
The uses of the water are determined according to the geographical location of the
place, the economy that has, the activities of members of the community and the
cultural context in which they combine each of the above.
It is becoming more and more common to see how some actions that we invest in our
community not only deteriorate the quality of the water, we are also about more
severe wing rationalization of the resource to meet the needs of all the residents. This
situation will lead us in a few years to a shortage of water that would endanger the
social development of all.
While it is important that each person values the use of water for their basic activities,
it is necessary the community organization for the efficient management of the water
that will allow us to preserve it in the future.

SOLUTIONS

Educate for change consumption patterns and lifestyles.

Develop new technologies for water conservation and storage.

Wastewater reuse.

Improving the irrigation and agricultural practices.

Increase the energy efficiency of the desalination plants.

Improve the uptake of water.

Ensuring representativeness in the governments.

Develop and implement better policies and regulations.

Improving the management of ecosystems.

Improve the distribution infrastructure.

Reduce the footprint of the corporate water.

Combating pollution.

Equitable access to the common public resources.

Water Projects in developing countries based on technology transfer.

Mitigation of climate change.

Controlling the growth of the population.

CONCLUSIONS
The apparent abundance of water in the world has given the impression, in the past,
that it was an inexhaustible well. It was also the cheapest. In most regions the water
was free. This has led to the man to waste it. Irrigation is overly generous, up to the
point of flooding the soil and cause a secondary salinization. The leakage in the
networks of water supply of cities are enormous. The water is now considered as an
economic resource of the same value as the minerals, and must be managed wisely.
The source of this awareness is displayed a significant decrease of this resource in
multiple points on the globe, and from the half of the seventies, the growth of the cost
of energy. It has been found that the irrational exploitation of a resource of surface or
underground causes water deficit and that these deficits tend to appear in new places
and often several times per year. It is likely that the deficit is caused by the
contamination; in all cases, undertake the economic and urban development.
Finally, it should be mentioned that each of the inhabitants of this planet we must
have been aware of the depletion of this vital fluid.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suelo

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua

http://www.rena.edu.ve/primeraetapa/Ciencias/Elagua.html

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/problemadelagua/problemadelagua.s
html

http://html.rincondelvago.com/problemas-del-agua.html

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