Status of Lakes in Hyderabad

Status of lakes
in Hyderabad
Presented By:
Nisha Kumari,
Environment Management, (Session-2013-14)
Indian Institute of Science (IISc.), Bangalore
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Institute of Science
Content
Introduction (Objective of the project, Methodology, Study Area)
Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importance
Present Status Of Lakes In Hyderabad
Problems Faced By Lakes In Hyderabad
Effect Of Lake Degradation
Strategies For Protection Of Lakes In Hyderabad
Legal Framework To Save Lakes
Major Initiatives Towards Lake Conservation In Hyderabad
Case Studies
Way Forward
Acknowledgements
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Introduction
The Hyderabad city, founded in 1591 on the banks of river Musi
Geographical location of Hyderabad is 17.366N Latitude and 78.476E Longitude.
The city is situated at an attitude of 536 meters (1607 ft.) above sea level.
The city lies in the Deccan Plateau, houses multiple lakes and large water tanks
Since the twin city (Secunderabad and Hyderabad) were built on a rocky terrain, the
potential for using groundwater is limited.
The cities are dependent on surface water (lakes)
But from last few decades, the water bodies are shrinking and disappearing.
Their revival is an indispensable component for providing water security to the city.
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The objective of the project is to study status of lakes in
Hyderabad
Sub Objectives of the project is to find out:
Historical, socio-economical and ecological importance of lakes in Hyderabad
Present Status of Lakes in Hyderabad
Problems faced by lakes in Hyderabad
Effect of Lake Degradation in Hyderabad
Strategies for Protection of lakes in Hyderabad
Legal framework to save lakes
Initiatives towards protection and revival of Water Bodies of Hyderabad
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Introduction Objective of the project
SECONDARY RESEARCH
Secondary data was collected from various websites and existing literatures.
Some of the sources referred
HMDA website (http://www.hmda.gov.in/)
Soul website (http://www.soulhyd.org/).
Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation
SaciWaters
Centre for Science and Environment India
Ministry of Environment & Forests
National and local news papers
PRIMARY RESEARCH
Qualitative data were collected through interaction with experts.
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Introduction Research Methodology
Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) jurisdiction
Area 7,257 sq. km.
Hyderabad the capital city of Andhra Pradesh is one of the fastest growing
cosmopolitan metropolitan cities in India.
Considering area of the city, it is disproportionately larger than any urban
Centre in the state.
With an increase in service sector base, in the city, there is a consequent
increase in the population. Hyderabad recorded rapid population growth in the
last few decades.
It is ranked as sixth largest and one of the fastest growing metropolitan cities
of India.
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Introduction Study Area
Area of
jurisdiction
Area
GHMC (Inside Outer
Ring Road)
650 sq. km
HUDA 1905 sq. Km
HMDA (Area including
outside Ring Road)
7,257 sq. km
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HYDERABAD- ADMINISTRATIVE AREA
Source: http://www.hmda.gov.in/images/map.jpg
Gross District Domestic Product
(GDDP) growth trend- AP Population Growth Trend in GHMC
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Introduction
Rapid urbanisation, industrialisation
and population growth in Hyderabad
1.80
2.55
3.06
3.64
6.81
41.80%
20.20%
18.90%
87.20%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
-
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
Yr. 1971 Yr. 1981 Yr. 1991 Yr. 2001 Yr. 2011
Population Growth-GHMC
Population (Mn.) Growth in %
1,69,328
2,05,239
2,50,169
3,00,384
3,55,368
4,22,541
-
50,000
1,00,000
1,50,000
2,00,000
2,50,000
3,00,000
3,50,000
4,00,000
4,50,000
GDDP Growth- AP
GDDP (Rs. In Mn.) Linear (GDDP (Rs. In Mn.))
Sourcs:http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/STATE%20ECONOMY.pdf Source:http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/hyderabad-
population.html
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Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importance
Historical importance
Socio-Economic Importance
Ecological Importance
Many big tanks were built by the rulers to meet the water and irrigation needs of
the city
Many big tanks were built by the Qutub Shahi rulers (1534-1724 A.D.) and later by the
Asaf Jahi rulers (1724-1948) in and around Hyderabad city.
Some of the big tanks built during those periods are Hussain Sagar, Mir Alam, Afzal
Sagar, Jalpalli, Ma-Sehaba Tank, Talab Katta, Osmansagar and Himayatsagar etc.
(Rekha Rani, 1999).
Most of the big tanks were constructed by the former rulers or ministers whereas the
minor tanks were built by zamindars.
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Importance of
Lakes
Historical Importance
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Importance of
Lakes
Historical Importance
Some of the famous lakes
built during Qutub Shahi
rulers (1534-1724 A.D.)
Hussain Sagar
Was built in 1562 by Sultan Ibrahim Kutb Shah
Most famous and historic lake
First drinking water source for the two cities
A major spot of tourist attractions.
MaSaheba tank (Presently
known as Masab Tank)
Built in 1624 A.D. to meet water requirements of the general
public
Saroornagar Lake is
known to have been built
in 1624
Built in 1624 with an area of about 5 sq. kms. in the eastern
part of the city.
It is the main water body in the eastern sector of the city.
Some of the famous lakes
built during Asaf Jahi
rulers (1724-1948)
The Mir Alam tank,
Constructed in 1806, by French engineers during the reign of
Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah Asif Jah III, the third
Nizam of Hyderabad state
Supplying plenty of water to the city and the suburbs
Osman Sagar lake-
constructed in 1920
It was created in 1920 by damming the Musi River
It was built to provide water for the twin cities as well as to
save them from floods.
The lake was named after the last Nizramof Hyderabad,
Osman Ali Khan, who also had it built
Source of drinking water
Sustain traditional urban livelihoods
Source of revenue for state through eco-tourism and water based Recreation
Centres.
Improve aesthetics of the city and offer scope for nature study
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Importance of
Lakes
Socio-Economic Importance
Lakes play a very vital role in local hydrology. Some of the ecological importance of
lakes are as follows:
Lakes contribute significant recharge of ground water and rainwater conservation
Lakes of Hyderabad hold good recreation values and are nesting grounds for the migratory
birds that pass by Hyderabad every winter.
Lakes are great repository of biodiversity including flora and fauna
Support aquatic life
Regulates and enhance micro-climatic conditions, Keeps local weather conditions in
balance and surrounding cool
Ecological indicator
Urban flood mitigating structure- Regulates flood waters and minimize economic loss due
to flooding
Contribute towards natural remediation of waste waters.
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Importance of
Lakes
Ecological Importance
Present Status
Of Lakes In
Hyderabad
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Population growth and industrialization
lead to Encroachments and shrinking of
lakes in Hyderabad
According to a study conducted by NGRI
Hyderabad (Using remote sensing data obtained
from the National Remote Sensing Agency
(NRSA))
Hyderabad's growth in the last three
decades has come at the cost of 375 lakes
going extinct
The HUDA area is having only 531 lakes
as compared to the 906 it had in 1982.
A majority of lakes (268 lakes) have
vanished between 2002 and 2012.
Of the existent lakes,
267 have a spread of less than five
hectares,
108 have a spread less than 10 hectares
and
The remaining 156 lakes measure more
than 10 hectares
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Present Status Shrinking lakes over few decades
Satellite map of HUDA showing Shrinking of no. of lakes over
last 3 decades:
Lake Spread 1982 1992 2002 2012
5 Hectare 593 534 492 267
5-10 Hectare 160 146 140 108
more than 10
hectares
153 196 167 156
Source: Eenadu District Edition, Hyderabad; Article Name- Chivariki Migilindi (At final
what you have), 1
st
oct 2013
All the lakes of Hyderabad are in varying
degrees of environmental degradation.
According to a concerted exercise by the Lake
Protection Committee (LPC) the identified
no. of lakes in HMDA are as follows:
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Present Status Data on lakes in Hyderabad
Lakes identified by HMDA in Hyderabad (jurisdiction-wise)
Area of jurisdiction Area No. of Lakes
GHMC (Inside Outer
Ring Road)
650 sq. km 455
HUDA 1905 sq. Km 531
HMDA (Area including
outside Ring Road)
7,257 sq. km 2857
District Wise Abstract of Lakes Identified in HMDA Area
Districts
No of Water Bodies
Inside ORR Outside ORR Total
Hyderabad 23 0 23
Mahaboob Nagar 0 133 133
Medak 44 1278 1322
Nalgonda 0 218 218
Ranga Reddy 388 773 1161
Total 455 2402 2857
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Present Status
Present status of some of the water
bodies
Water body What it is today
Mir Jumla Tank Converted to slum
Maasaab cheruvu and Ramathpura cheruvu Converted to an affluent colony
Yusufguda and Batakammakunta Garbage dumping grounds
Sahebnagar cheruvuv in Hayathnagar Mandal Occupied by influential politicians and layouts for
HUDA
Gopicheruvu at Gacchi Bowli near old Bombay road Converted to town ship by Dyon company
Kanchanbagcheruvu Filled up and a hospital has come up.
Some facts about water bodies in Hyderabad
3,245 hectares of lake area was lost between 1989 and 2001 (Anjal Prakash, executive director of Saciwaters)
Besides the large water bodies, numerous small water bodies in the peri urban zones also shrunk, when the city
underwent a wave of real estate growth (Ramachandraiah and Prasad 2008).
People have managed to destroy close to 50 per cent of the wetlands in the city in last 3 decades
Research based on satellite imagery shows water bodies coverage in the city has reduced from 2.5 % to 1.5%.
The Famous Hussain Sagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank which served as a source of drinking water during the Nizams time
has been completely polluted.
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Present Status
Categorisation of water bodies
based on present status
Still used as sources
of drinking water and
have recreational
potential
In progressive stages of
degradation and can be
rehabilitated
Totally reclaimed and lost forever
Osman Sagar
Himayat Sagar
Swaroopnagar Lake, Mir Alam Tank, Hussain
Sagar; Shameerpet lakes, Noor Mohammed
Kunta
Mir Jumla Tank,
Ma Sahab Tank and
Batkamma Kunta
Categorisation
Lakes
Status of some of the lakes
of Hyderabad
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Hamid Khan Kunta, also known as Taj
Banjara Lake, has been encroached.
Garbage
Dumping at
Hameed Khan
Kunta Site
The polluted waters of the Hussain Sagar
Lake in Hyderabad raising a stink.
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Problems Faced By Lakes In
Hyderabad
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Problems Faced
By Lakes
Major factors lead to degradation
of lakes in Hyderabad
Lake
pollution
Shrinking
of lake
Lake
Degradation
Rapid Urbanisation And Encroachment
Encroachment of lake area, violating urban development norms
Soil Erosion and siltation due to encroachment
Degradation of lake inlet and outlet
Continuous flow of untreated waste water
Sewerage water (Industrial and domestic affluent) is diverted in the lakes
which leads to pollution, ground water contamination and diseases
Dumping of debris and garbage
Washing of clothes in lakes
Invasive weeds
Heavy siltation and pollution due to idol immersion
Lack of knowledge and understanding urban watersheds & hydrology
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Factors contributing towards degradation of
water bodies of Hyderabad
Level 1
Population Growth
Urbanisation
Industrial Growth
Level 2
Increased
concretization
Encroachment
Reduced greenery
of the city
Dumping of
untreated sewage
in the lakes
Idol immersion
Dumping of debris
and garbage
Level 3
Soil Erosion
Silting of Lakes
Degradation of
lake inlet and
outlet
Invasive weed
Lake
Degradation
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Major factors subsequently causing shrinking of lakes at various stages
Urbanization/
industralization
Population
Growth
Rapid
Concretization
Encroachment of
Lake area
Siltation
Blockage of lake
inlet and outlet,
Reduced lake area
Reduced water
carrying capacity
of lake and
infilteration
Shrinking and
disappearing
lakes
Water Crisis,
Inundation
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Factors causing pollution of lakes at various stage
Urbanization/
industralization
Population
Growth
Increased
Industrial and
domestic
affluent /
Garbage
Sewage water
diverted in the
lakes/ Garbage
Dumping
Siltation/ lake
Pollution
Lake Pollution
ground water
contamination
and diseases
Scarcity of clean
drinking water
Reasons of encroachment
City growth, industrial and urban
spread
Housing colonies are being
constructed in dried lakes.
According to the govt. rules, if the
lakes do not receive water for three
consecutive years and the lake
remains dry, then the lake area comes
under the jurisdiction of the Revenue
Department.
Non implementation of building
regulations and pollution control laws
LAKES CONNECTIVITY AND THEIR ROLE IN PREVENTING
INUNDATION
Lake inlet and outlet to regulate its flow. A big lake is encompassed by
its large catchment area which contains a number of small lakes &
ponds. These small lakes and ponds are usually interconnected with
each other along with big lake which helps to maintain the hydrology of
these lakes. The interconnecting structures may be the Nalas or Storm
Water Drains.
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Problems Faced
By Lakes
Rapid Urbanisation And
Encroachment
ENCROACHMENT OF WATER CHANNELS
If encroachment occurs along with these nalas/ water channels, then it
will result in restricted flow of water which ultimately results in flood
during big storm events.
Further, the establishments along the nala/ Water channels discharges
their sewage and industrial effluent directly into them which
ultimately pollutes lake water. Apart from that, direct disposal of Solid
Wastes by establishment along the nalas, also causes pollution and
obstructs the flow in hydraulic structures like Interception &
Diversions, sewer lines, STPs etc.
Industrial And Domestic Affluent
Lake Foreshore attracts real estate
business for its scenic value; leading direct
discharge of untreated municipal and
industrial waste waters.
Almost 80% of Hyderabad's untreated
sewage gets dumped into the city's lakes
Hence the city's drinking water (Manjeera)
now demonstrates an alarmingly high
presence of excreta.
municipalities surrounding Hyderabad
discharge all the waste into drains and
water bodies
Pharmaceutical hub at Patancheru that
releases a huge amount of chemical waste
into the city's water sources
Solid Waste Dumping
Water bodies are being used as debris dumping site.
Regular dumping of huge amount of solid waste near lake
area causes clogging and contamination, makes lake
aesthetically unfit for the local residents.
The HUA generates around 3379 tons of solid waste every
day
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Problems Faced By Lakes
66%
8%
3%
4%
15%
2%
1%
1%
Share of Solid Waste Generation-Hyderabad
House Hold
Domestic
Street Sweepings &
Drain Cleanings
Hotels and
Restaurants
Markets
Shops, Commercial
Establishments
Hospitals, clinics
Construction waste Industrial Waste
(Non-Hazardous)
Source: Centre for Environmental Studies, JNTU, Hyderabad
Storm Water Drainage
Natural and man-made drains and water
bodies ultimately discharge surface run-
off into lakes and pollute them.
The nalas are the major carriers of storm
water finally disposing into the river and
water bodies in the catchment.
Idol Immersion During Ganesh Chaturthi
Several thousands of idols immersion in lakes
every year during Ganesh Chaturtji and Durga
Puja.
The idols decorated with non-biodegradable
products containing heavy metals like mercury
and lead which are extremely dangerous to the
ecosystem.
According to the study, the immersion of
Ganesh and Durga idols has polluted the lake
resulting in vector transmitted diseases and
lose of biodiversity and aquatic plants.
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Problems Faced By Lakes
Over 50,000 Ganesh idols of various sizes are to be immersed
in the Hussain Sagar lake, the major water body in the city,
and about 20 other lakes in the other parts of Hyderabad
and its suburbs. The Hindu-18
th
Sep 2013
In addition to storm
water discharge these
drains are also being
used to discharge
sullage and septic
tank overflows
Effect of lake
degradation
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Effect Of Lake Degradation
Changes In Local Hydrology
Increased rain water runoff and drinking water crisis
Increased instances of water logging and flooding
Rising temperatures due to vanishing water bodies.
Alters Local Weather Conditions
Groundwater contamination due to lake pollution
Loss of traditional livelihoods- fishing and washing
Loss of recreational opportunities
Air pollution due to release of volatile gases and foul smell
Loss of aesthetics
Economic loss due to flooding
Loss of aquatic species
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Effect Of Lake
Degradation
Changes In Local Hydrology
Sl.
No.
Lake degradation/ Factors Effect on hydrology of Hyderabad
1 Rapid siltation of lakes
Reduced no. of water bodies
Loss of rain water retention capacity in lakes
Increased rain /storm water runoff
Reduced ground water recharge
Depletion of Surface and groundwater resources
2 Encroachments on natural nalas /
streams and lake bed areas.
Tempering inflow and outflow
channels
Inundations/ Flooding
Lakes help in recharging aquifers and store the rain water.
In Hyderabad ground water level has depleted due to loss of
water bodies
Hyderabad is facing water crisis in several areas.
Hyderabads early water sources - the Hussain Sagar, Osman
Sagar and Himayat Sagar
The other important sources of water were the Musi and
Manjira rivers.
River Musi is no longer a water source owing to heavy
pollution.
Local self-reliance of water breaks down
Local water body sources replaced by distant rivers
Krishna, Godavari, Manjeera
Consequences expensive, larger eco-footprints
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Effect Of Lake
Degradation
Increased Rain Water Runoff And
Drinking Water Crisis
Water demand and supply in HMDA area
Water Demand
Total water demand as per city agency (HMWSSB) 1,300 MLD
Per capita water demand as per HMWSSB 187 LPCD
Sources And Supply
Water sources
Surface* and
groundwater
Water sourced from surface sources 88%
Water sourced from groundwater 12%
Total water supplied 930 MLD
Per capita supply 134 LPCD
Leakage loss 40%
Actual supply (after deducting leakage losses) 558 MLD
Per capita supply (after leakage losses) 80 LPCD
Population served by water supply system 70%
Per capita supply in the served area 114 LPCD
Demand-supply gap (after leakage losses) 742 MLD
Source: Anon 2011, 71-City Water-Excreta Survey, 2005-06, Centre for Science and
Environment, New Delhi
Around 70% of HMDA is covered by formal water
supply rest of the areas depend on GW
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Hyderabad Water Supply
Only two lakes of Hyderabad Osman Sagar and
Himayat Sagar are used for drinking water due to:
High water storage capacity and
Less pollution by the catchment activities
Source: Hyderabad Water-Waste Portraits - Centre for Science and Environment India
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Effect Of Lake
Degradation
Increased Instances Of Water
Logging And Flooding
Masab Tank
Situated at the southern foothill limit of Banjara Hills
Converted into a thickly populated residential-cum-
commercial area.
The downstream side of this tank has been
totally converted to residential areas such as
Vijaya Nagar Colony and Shanti Nagar.
During rainy season- there is a problem of
waterlogging and flooding
Many water tanks Hyderabad have been
encroached and converted into residential
and commercial areas
Natural flow of the lake streams are
blocked, resulted in waterlogging and
flooding
August 2000 Flood in Hyderabad City
Wettest spell in 92 years due to heavy downpour of rain.
Many of the low-lying areas in Hyderabad were inundated.
The severity of flooding was due to a Blockage of natural stream
leads and reduction in the carrying capacity of lakes and water
channels
Waterlogging hotspots during the recent rains, as recorded by
Hyderabad. Traffic Police
Polluted lake causes vector transmitted
diseases
Causes health hazards in neighborhood.
Fish caught from the polluted lake over a
period of time is leading to serious
diseases.
The toxic substances can trigger chronic
ailments.
When organic compounds of mercury enter
human body, they concentrate in the brain
and destroy the cells which control the
central nervous system.
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Effect Of Lake
Degradation
Health Hazards
Dead fish float in the waters at Durgam Cheruvu due to high levels
of pollution in the lake.
Need for Lake Conservation
To harvests Rainwater and supplement shortfall of
water supply need of Hyderabad
To reduce the waterlogging event and flood risk by
interconnecting the lakes
To improve the heath condition of people living in
the lake surrounding
Enhance biodiversity in and around the lakes
Increase economic activities through ecotourism/
recreational opportunities at lake
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Strategies For
Protection Of
Lakes In
Hyderabad
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Lake
Protection
Lake management
Lake
restoration
Three prong strategy
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Lake Conservation
strategies
Lake Protection
Preventing
encroachment (mud,
garbage dumping)
Demarcation and
identification of Lake
Boundaries and Full
Tank Level
Demarcating the
boundary of the water
body by wire fencing or
boulders to prevent
further encroachment
into the lake beds.
Formation of peripheral
bund along the shoreline
of the lakes
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Lake Conservation
strategies
Lake Management
Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants for treating sewage and letting the
treated water into the lake to maintain the lake water to the desired level.
Restoration of inflow and outflow channels
Diversion of sewer to direct sewage and take in the monsoon water runoff to
the lake.
Separating storm water/ other wastewater from the rain water
Encouraging management and handling of municipal solid waste
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Lake Conservation
strategies
Lake Management
Beautification of lake bund by landscaping
and plantation
Plantation on the surrounding to prevent
soil erosion
Increasing community vigilance and
participation
Reducing pollution through idol
immersion- Green Ganesha Drive
Environmental education and awareness
o Training and capacity building of the Community around the lake
o Enhancing visitor & student awareness about the natural and cultural
heritage value of the lake
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Lake Conservation
strategies
Lake Restoration
Source
Control
Treatment of
watershed or
catchment of
lakes
In lake
treatment
Measures
under taken to
improve quality
of lake water
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Lake Conservation
strategies
Lake Restoration
Source Control
Soil conservation measures,
Bank/Slope erosion control
measures,
Afforestation,
Drainage improvements,
Diversion of silt carrying channels
away from the lake,
Control of sewage wastes,
Sewage interceptions and
diversions and
Participation of people in
watershed
In lake treatment
De-silting the lake bed by dredging
Pollution level control- through bioremediation
and surface aeration processes.
Reviving the screen barriers and silt-traps for
inlet channels
De-weeding/hyacinth control or removal
(biological, chemical, mechanical and manual
measures, bio-composting)
Composite fish culture/ larvivorous fish species
to control mosquitoes
Biological treatment-Floating macrophytes
and green cover (trees)
Revival of traditional drainage system to
replenish lake storage and drain out flood
waters
Legal
Framework To
Save Lakes
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Legal Framework To Save Lakes
Policies for the Conservation of
Water bodies
Acts/Bills for the Conservation of
Water Bodies
The acts that directly concern water
pollution (both surface and underground)
are
The Water Act (1974),
The Water Cess Act (1977), and
The Environment (Protection) Act
or EPA (1986).
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The lakes and water bodies of India are directly influenced by a number of legal and
regulatory frameworks.
The first National Water Policy was
formed in 1987- Revised in 2002
National Wetland Conservation
Programme(NWCP) in 1983- by MoEF
National Lake Conservation Plan
(NLCP) for the conservation of lakes in
urban areas-2001 by MoEF
In February 2013, the two programmes
NLCP and NWCP has been merged into
a single programme called - National
Plan for Conservation of Aquatic
Eco-systems
The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
The Indian Fisheries Act, 1897
The Indian Forest Act, 1927
The Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf,
Exclusive Economic Zone
The Water (Prevention and Control Of Pollution) Act, 1977
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
The Maritime Zones of India (Regulation Of Fishing By
Foreign Vessels)
Forest Conservation Act, 1980
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
Coastal Zone Regulation (CRZ) Notification
Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 1999 s
The Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971)
National Conservation Strategies On Environment &
Development
The Biological Diversity Act, 2002
Convention on Biological Diversity, June 1992
Bonn Convention on the Conservation Of
Migratory Species of Wild Animals
International Convention for the Protection of Birds
National Water Policy, 2002
National Policy for Hydro Power Development
Convention on Conservation of Migratory
Species of Wildlife Animals (CMS)
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Legal Framework To
Save Lakes
List of Acts/Bills for the Conservation of
Water Bodies
There are many acts for the conservation of water bodies. However, only a few states in India have passed and
implemented bills specifically targeted to the conservation of water bodies.
Rules for the Conservation of
Water Bodies
Authorities for the
Conservation of Lakes
In urban areas, water bodies are
owned by land owning agencies
Institutions /agencies responsible
for lakes survival and protection
Ministry of Water Resources
Ministry of Environment and Forests
Agriculture Ministry
Fisheries Ministry and
Other local authorities i.e. Municipal
Corporations, Development Authorities,
Tourism Department, Water Supply
Boards etc.
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Legal Framework
To Save Lakes
Rules and legal Authorities for the
Conservation of Lakes
Ministry of Environment and Forests
(MOEF) has also published rules for
the protection the water bodies in
India.
Under the provisions of the
Environment (Protection) Act 1986
MOEF issued a set rules for
conservation and management of
wetlands (Wetland Rules, 2010).
However, at present the rules are
under review
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Legal Framework
To Save Lakes
Andhra Pradesh (A.P) State
Legislations
The Andhra
Governments Water,
Land, Tree Act
It empowers state agencies to take steps to protect water bodies and to
prevent conversion. The act also requires measures to permanently
demarcate the boundaries of the water bodies and to evict and prevent
encroachments.
The Wetlands
(Management and
Conservation) Rules,
2010
Issued by: MOEF exclusively for the protection of urban water bodies
Bans prohibited activities which includes conversion of wetlands for other
uses, setting up and expanding industries and dumping untreated waste
water and any other activity that will have negative impact on the water
bodies.
National Lake
Conservation
Programme (NLCP)
Objective- restore and conserve the urban and semi-urban lakes degraded
due to waste water discharge into the lake through an integrated ecosystem
approach.
Cost sharing between the Central and the concerned State Government-
70:30.
Banjara Lake (Known as Hameed Khan Kunta) of Hyderabad is
presently covered under NLCP. NLCP is sanctioning an amount of Rs.
4.30 crores (from May, 2009) for protection and conservation of this lake
The Andhra Pradesh Regularisation of the Unauthorised Constructions in Municipal Corporations,
Municipalities and Urban Development Authorities Act, 2003
The act denies regularisation of unauthorised constructions on lakes and tank beds.
Major Initiatives
Towards Lake
Conservation In
Hyderabad
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Government - Donor Agencies - Local/ International NGOs - General Public
The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development
Authority (HMDA), with support from
Municipal corporations,
Municipalities
The Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply &
Sewerage Board (HMWSSB),
The Andhra Pradesh Transmission
Corporation,
The Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure
Corporation,
The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport
Corporation,
And other such bodies
Constituted by the Government of Andhra Pradesh
in year 2010 under the chairmanship of Metropolitan
Commissioner, HMDA
Objective: TO cater to the protection of lakes in the
Hyderabad Metropolitan Region
Function
Listing of all lakes in HMDA
their FTL demarcation
Removal of existing encroachments in the FTL and
foreshore areas,
Improvement of the lakes and their catchments
Organising wide publicity and awareness campaign
for protection of the lakes.
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Lake Conservation
Initiatives- Hyderabad
By State Governing Bodies
Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes
in AP
Lake Protection Committee (LPC)
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Lake Conservation
Collection Of Data On Lakes Full Tank Level (FTL) Boundaries Demarcation
HMDA has collated data of 2,857 lakes existing in
the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region (HMR) area
HMDA and GHMC had completed demarcation of
full tank level (FTL) boundaries of the 266 lakes of
455 lakes inside the ORR in coordination with
irrigation and revenue departments
Demarcation of remaining lakes would be taken up
shortly
Lake Conservation And Protection
HMDA would take up conservation and protection
of 258 lakes, where FTL demarcation was
completed, in the first phase.
The GHMC would take up conservation and
protection of 128 lakes, HMDA 80 and irrigation
department 50.
The shore areas of these water bodies would be
beautified and plantation would be taken up.
The NGRI's help would be taken now on
identifying inlet and outlet channels and Nalas for
the lakes.
Local Lake Protection Cells
Involving stakeholders and local communities be
constituted for each lake that will act as watchdogs
and give feedback to HUDA.
The sale and registration of lands in the areas
covered under notified lakes should be banned.
No development activities should be permitted in
these areas, which are to be supervised and
controlled by HUDA
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Lake Conservation
Sewage Treatment
Sewage generated in Greater Hyderabad
Metropolitan Corporation area ~ 1250 MLD,
Total Sewerage treatment capacity is only 750
MLD.
STPs are treating the dry weather sewage
inflows into the lake and discharge the treated
water into the lake for the purpose of lake
water balance and improve the water quality
in the lake
Data on STPs
Capacity No. of STPs
HMWS&SB ~592 MLD 5 STPs
HMDA ~40 MLD 9 STPs
Hussain Sagar Lake and
Catchment Area
Improvement Project (HCIP)
~55 MLD 3 STPs
Improvements To Storm Water Drainage
By Municipal Corporation
To alleviate the problems of flooding and
improve lake connectivity
The improvements proposed
Deepening and Widening of Nallas
Provision of retaining walls at critical
sections
Prevention of dumping of waste into
the Nallas to prevent clogging.
Shifting Polluting Industries From
Hyderabad
AP government has decided to shift all the
polluting industries operating within the
Outer Ring Road (ORR) of Hyderabad city
to 45 locations identified outside the ORR.
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Lake Conservation
Some of the international agencies
funded projects
Aid from Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA), under Hussainsagar Lake and Catchment Area
World Bank-assisted project on Capacity Building and
Industrial Pollution Management Project
Some of the international agencies
funded projects
Other Initiatives
Several NGOs, Corporates, Resident Welfare Associations and individuals
have been making representations regarding the environmental pollution in
the lakes, encroachment incidents and other related protection issues.
Several PILs have also been filed in this regard and Lok Ayukta has also
taken Suo-mottocognisance (take notice of the fact on its own) in several
instances
CASE STUDIES
Lake Reasons for study
Hussain Sagar Lake One of the largest lakes of Hyderabad
High Historical and recreational Value
Situated at the Centre of the twin city of Hyderabad and Secunderabad
Already many studies and lake protection and management work has been
undertaken by Gov. of AP and HMDA under Catchment Area Improvement
Project (HCIP) funded by JICA
Hameed Khan Kunta
(Known As Banjara
Lake)
It has suffering from pollution, Illegal encroachments and dumping of sewerages
from the surrounding commercial and residential colonies
In 2002 the lake was adopted for rejuvenation under the National Lake
Conservation Programme (NLCP) of the Ministry of Environment and Forest
(MoEF)
Noor Mohammed
Kunta
Located in Katedan Industrial Area
Highly polluted due to industrial sewage
Its a dead pond and the lake water had turned into a pink/ red colour due to
industrial pollutants
NMK is the first and only lake in the country to have been identified for cleanup
by the World Bank-assisted project on Capacity Building and Industrial
Pollution Management Project by the Ministry of Environment and Forests
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Case Study I Hussain Sagar Lake
Built during: 1562 AD (450 years old)
Built by: Hussain Sha Walis
Basin area: 240 Sq. Km
Water spread area - 4.7 sq.km. and Shoreline Length - 14 kms
Purpose of building: to meet the water and irrigation needs of the city.
In the past 30 years, the lake has shrunk more than 50 % of its original
size (550 ha to 240 ha).
The quality of water in the lake has gradually deteriorated mainly due to
the continual entry of untreated domestic sewage and industrial effluent.
Other reasons of pollution are
Cattle washing, vehicle washing, dumping of domestic solid waste
along the shore line as well as the immersion of large numbers of
Ganesh and Durga Idols during festivals
Due to the eutrophication (overloading of
nitrates and phosphates), algal blooms and
bad odour, the water body is not
conducive for drinking water,
recreation & pisci-culture.
The water from Lake Hussain Sagar is
now used for horticultural purposes after
treatment.
The main threat to the lake is encroachment by both private and
public agencies
STATUS OF LAKE It has recently been developed
into a tourist centre by HUDA
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Standard Vs. Existing water quality of Hussain Sagar Lake
Parameter Units Standard/Prescr
ibed Limit
(Class-B, CPCB)
Existing
Quality
pH 6.5-8.5 7.4
Colour Hazen Unit < 300 50
Turbidity NTU 41
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/l > 5 2.3
Total Nitrogen (TN) mg/l 14
Total Phosphorus (TP) mg/l 2
Suspended Solids mg/l < 50 52
Volatile Suspension mg/l
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l 90
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l < 3 30
Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 500 >1600
Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 200
Fluorine (as F) mg/l < 1.5
Arsenic (as As) mg/l < 0.2
Source: Budha Purnima Project, Hyderabad
MAJOR SOURCE OF POLLUTION
Nalas entering
Hussain Sagar
Lake
No. Name
Domestic sewage 4 Balkapur, Banjara,
Kukatpally, Picket
Toxic Industrial
Chemicals
1 Kukatpally
Municipal solid
Waste (MSW)
4 Balkapur, Banjara,
Kukatpally, Picket
The quantum of sewage flowing through these
Nalasto lake are approximately 150 MLD
Amount of Sewagetreatedthrough 3STPslocated
inBalkapur, KukatpallyandPicket is55MLD
The sewage water is treated by these 3 STPs under
HCI P and treated water is released into the lake to
maintain the lake water to the desired level
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Hussainsagar Lake and Catchment Area
Led by HMDA to improve the quality of Hussain Sagar
Lake.
Aid from the Japan International Cooperation Agency
(JICA), with an estimated cost of Rs. 310 crores.
The project has five elements. They are:
treatment of inflows,
improvement in quality of lake water,
protection of lakes and nalas in
catchment areas,
public awareness and stakeholder
participation,
shoreline cleaning and removal of
floating material.
To improve Lake Ecosystem
Installation of Fountains to increase DO,
Desilting, Dredging,
Removal of aquatic weeds (Water Hyacinth)
To prevent encroachment
FTL boundary demarcation,
Fencing, Bund road formation,
Plantation on the surrounding
Constitution of Enforcement cell
To Improve recreation activities
Beautification around lake,
Discharge of treated water into the lake.
To prevent Lake Pollution
Construction and Rehabilitation of Sewerage Facilities
Organize public awareness campaigns
Prevent pollution through domestic and commercial
activities near Lake Shore.
Measures being followed to improve the quality of
Hussain Sagar Lake under HCIP
Hussain Sagar has recently been developed into a
tourist centre by the Hyderabad Urban
Development Authority (HUDA)
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Case Study II
Hameed Khan Kunta (Known As
Banjara Lake)
Man made tank (4.17 ha) with a maximum depth of 5.0m
(average 3.0 m)
Built in: 1930
Built by: royal elites located in the lake boundaries
Banjara Lake is surrounded by apartment complexes on its
north, a commercial complex and Taj Banjara hotel on the
south, and some slums and a graveyard on the west.
STATUS OF LAKE
Suffering from pollution, Illegal encroachments and dumping of
sewerages from the surrounding commercial and residential
colonies
It receives about 1.5 MLD sewage discharged by three
upstream colonies namely Udainagar, Gowrishankar and
Ambedkar Colony, with a total population of 9950
The upstream part of the lake is clogged by water hyacinth and garbage.
Decline in water quality resulting into eutrophication
and algal blooms
Excessive foul smell emanating from the lake makes
the lake aesthetically unfit for the local residents
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Case Study II
Hameed Khan Kunta (Known As
Banjara Lake)
The lake has shrunk over the years due to encroachments and dumping of sewage
Garbage Dumping at lake site
Shrinking Lake- Hamid Khan Kunta
Regular waste dumping resulting into clogging and contamination
Heaps of plastics piled on the water body pose a threat to the slum children who
venture into water body for defecation.
Initiatives Taken up
In 2002 the lake was adopted for
rejuvenation under the National
Lake Conservation Programme
of the Ministry of Environment
and Forest (MoEF).
Since then almost 2 cores has
been spent in rehabilitation and
rejuvenation of the Lake with
limited success.
The Andhra Pradesh Tourism
Development Corporation Ltd
(APTDC) in association with Taj
GVK, situated in the lake
precinct, has developed a
conservation and management
plan. To prevent further pollution
of lake http://www.saciwaters.org/lakes/pdfs/hameed-khan-kunta.pdf
http://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Banjara%20Lake.pdf
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Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta (NMK)
located on NH 7 in the Shivrampally village,
Water spread: 27 acres
The lake is near Kattedan Industrial Estate (KIE) in
Rajendranagar, being surrounded by textile mills, edible oil
mills and other chemical units (in Katedan Industrial Area).
STATUS OF LAKE
Pollutants coming from industry has turned the water of lake
into a pink/ red colour. The NMK has been dead since years due
to heavy inflow of industrial wastes.
NMK site was heavily polluted due to presence of heavy metals, organics, and inorganics and had been
identified as a hot spot.
Both KIE residents and workers were exposed to health hazards
Due to pollution residents are migrating from the lake into the research field of the Agricultural
University of Hyderabad are located downstream
Water of NMK Lake flows downstream into a system of interlinked lakes and finally pollutes the Mir Alam
Tank.
IMPACT ON LOCAL COMMUNITY
Indian express, published on 27th March 2013
http://www.newswala.com/Hyderabad-News/World-Bank-funds-for-Remediation-Project-of-Noor-Mohammed-Kunta-Lake-33650.html
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LAKE CONSERVATION INITIATIVES
Capacity Building and Industrial
Pollution Management Project
Funder: TheWorld Bank
Project implementer: Consortium of
Witteveen+Bos, Tauw, COWI A/S and
Kadam Environmental Consultants,
under the name of Pollution Control
Board Consultants (PCBC)
Project Timeline
NMK is the first and only lake in the country to have
been identified for cleanup by the World Bank-
assisted project on Capacity Building and Industrial
Pollution Management Project by the MoEF and
approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic
Affairs in 2010.
HUDA took up the construction of a sewage
treatment plant (STP) for treatment of domestic
sewage generated in the catchment area. The work
was completed in the month of January 2009 with an
expenditure of Rs. 6.95 crores.
Remediation works were
supposed to start
In September
2013
The first phase will be completed by March 2014
The second phase will be
completed
by 2015-end.
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PROPOSEDREMEDI ATI ONMETHODS
Removal of toxic sediments
Construction of a sediment trap is recommended at the inlet
of the drains from KIE to the lake NMK.
Not only the lake should be remediated, also the sediment of
stagnant waters and open drains in KIE will have to be
remediated in order to clean the environment.
All highly toxic sediments would be dredged out,
dewateredandcontainedwithintubesof geo-textile.
Waste Removal
Waste should be removed from the open (hillock) spaces to
prevent and stop ongoing dispersion of toxic substances to the
environment.
In KIE about 3,500 m3 of temporarily stored waste
will be collected and disposed to an off-site landfill for
Municipal Solid Waste.
Behavioural-based mitigation measures
Since it is not possible to remove all topsoil from the industrial plots and the open spaces, it is recommended only to
prevent further pollution of the site
Taking behavioural-based mitigation measures will help in reduction of lead and chromium health risks via soil
ingestion
.
Application Of Geo-Textile Tubes
.
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Filling, Dewatering and refilling
The sludge is pumped into the tubes, and the
dewatering begins
The tube is left alone for a period of time
until it has dewatered enough so that more
sludge can be pumped into it.
The refilling can be done as many times as
necessary.
Disposal
Once it has been determined that the
dewatering process has accomplished the tubes
can be cut open and the solids can be
appropriately disposed off.
Way Forward
Strategic integrated management action plans and effective coordination between the different
stakeholders
The national and state policies in respect of water and environment need to be integrated
Standards for lake and reservoir management have to be framed.
Restoration project needs to give emphasis on the restoration of the catchments of lakes.
Stakeholder participation and capacity building - an important instrument for better management
of water bodies.
Active involvement of all the stakeholders like Corporates, Resident Welfare Associations,
Education Institutions, Health organizations, NGOs and other agencies etc. for speedy completion
of the mandated works regarding Lake Protection and to ensure the sustainability of project
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Acknowledgements
I am heartily thankful to-
Dr. T.V. Ramachandra, Centre for Continuing Education, Indian Institute of
Science (IISc.) Bangalore, for assigning me with the dissertation project on
Status of Lakes in Hyderabad as part of the Environmental Management
Course (2013-14).
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Khajuria, Member environment- HMDA, Dr. M.J. Nandan,
Sr. Scientist & Head, PME - CSIR- NGRI, Mr. K. Srinivas, Technical Officer
(QAT), HMWSSB for spending their valuable time and support in
conceptualizing this study.
Mr. Satheesh Arjilli, AVP, BASICS Ltd. for his guidance and continuous
support.
People who have directly or indirectly contributed towards completion of this
project
Thank You
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Status of Lakes in Hyderabad

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Status of Lakes in Hyderabad

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