Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
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O
Individual reading assessment 193
Part 1 Assessment
Proformas
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
Assisting students requiring additional support in reading
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194
Part 1 Assessment
Proformas
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
Assisting students requiring additional support in reading
PART 2
After assessment
This section is designed to assist teachers with the planning of effective
instruction to target specic individual needs identied by assessment.
Whole school approach
Accommodations and adjustments
Program planning
Teaching strategies for critical aspects of reading
Resources
196
Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
Assisting students requiring additional support in reading
COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA
Copyright Regulations 1969
WARNING
This material has been reproduced and communicated to you by or on behalf of the NSW Department of Education and
Training pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act).
The material in this communication may be subject to copyright under the Act. Any further reproduction or
communication of this material by you may be the subject of copyright protection under the Act.
Do not remove this notice.
This document is available online in pdf format at:
http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/media/downloads/schoolsweb/studentsupport/
programs/disabilitypgrms/assessprogad.pdf
Programming 197
Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
Assisting students requiring additional support in reading
Whole school approach
Interventions for students who require additional support in reading are more likely to be
effective in the context of an established school wide intervention approach. The learning
support team can be an effective means to identify, program and monitor interventions for an
individual, groups of students or a cohort. It is important that each intervention includes the
following aspects:
Identifes priorities for instruction Determines measurable objectives.
Selects teaching strategies Specifes monitoring and assessment
procedures.
States time frame Coordinates implementation
Review of intervention.
Accommodations and adjustments
Whilst it is essential that students are supported by a range of accommodations and learning
adjustments in all key learning areas where appropriate, in order to access age appropriate
syllabus content and outcomes. It is important that such accommodations are provided in
addition to and do not replace instruction in critical skills of reading for students who are not
yet reading at age appropriate level.
Program planning
Following the administering of an individual reading assessment, the specic needs of
students will have been identied and can be used to inform program planning. An individual
literacy plan can be developed through the collaborative consultation planning process which
includes the parents/carers in a meeting with people who have signicant knowledge of the
student, such as the classroom teacher, year supervisor and learning support personnel.
A literacy plan will target the most important literacy skills the student needs to develop. It
will list the priorities for instruction, the relevant syllabus outcomes, indicators of achievement,
teaching strategies, resources and accommodations, monitoring procedures, time frames
and personnel responsible for implementing the plan. The plan needs to be developed and
implemented within the context of the class literacy program. It is important to identify which
outcomes can be addressed by the class literacy program and which require individualised
planning. Support personnel, such as the Support Teacher Learning Assistance or the ESL
teacher, if available, can have an important role in working collaboratively with class teachers to
plan, implement and monitor individualised programs.
Where more than one student is identied with similar needs it may be appropriate to develop
a group literacy plan to meet their specic needs.
A literacy plan proforma is included for planning purposes. A planning sheet for guided
reading instruction is also provided to assist with programming for specic needs.
Further information regarding programming for students requiring additional assistance in
reading can be found in the Programming and Strategies Handbooks - Primary and Secondary.
198
Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
Assisting students requiring additional support in reading
Teaching strategies for critical aspects of reading
Literacy competence involves learning how to decode print and understanding what the
print means. Not all curriculum objectives contribute equally to reading development. Certain
critical skills are essential while other others are less important. Prevention and intervention
organised around the basic building blocks of effective reading instruction allows for the
most effective use of limited time.
The set of integrated sub-skills identied by research (Teaching Reading: National Inquiry into
the Teaching of Literacy (DEST, 2005), Teaching Children to Read, (National Reading Panel 2000),
Independent review of the teaching of early reading (Rose Report 2006) include phonemic
awareness, phonics (often referred to as the alphabetic principle), accuracy and uency with
connected text, vocabulary development and comprehension.
1. Phonemic Awareness:
The ability to hear and manipulate sounds in words. Blending and segmenting words at
the phoneme level are the critical phonological skills that facilitate reading.
2. Phonics:
The ability to associate sounds with letters and use these sounds to read words. Phonics
and phonemic awareness are the keys to successful decoding
3. Accuracy and Fluency with Connected Text:
The effortless, automatic ability to read words in isolation and connected text.
Comprehension is largely dependant on the ability of the reader to both recognise
printed words quickly and accurately and link the words with their meanings. If a
student can decode a text effortlessly all their resources go into extracting meaning
from what is read.
4. Vocabulary Development:
The ability to understand and use words to acquire meaning. Word knowledge is crucial
to comprehension and poor readers often lack the vocabulary knowledge required to
get meaning from what they read.
5. Comprehension:
The intentional interaction between reader and text to extract meaning. Research
suggests that teaching comprehension strategies to students along with the knowledge
of how and when to use these strategies can be effective in improving comprehension
All of these critical skills are reected in the 2007 Literacy K-12 Policy, the Board of Studies
syllabus and other Department of Education and Training literacy support documents.
For students in years 3 and above, who have already experienced much failure and are behind
their cohort, it is important to maximise the instructional time available. By focusing on critical
skills along with carefully planning the components, sequence and delivery of instruction we
increase the likelihood of improved student outcomes.
Hyperlinks are provided to a selection of strategies for teaching critical skills in reading which
are available from both Linking NAPLAN 2008 to the Curriculum and the Programming and
Strategies Handbooks - Primary and Secondary. The teaching strategies included are intended
for a wide range of students as well as those identied as needing additional support in
reading. Click on each link to obtain full details of each strategy.
Programming 199
Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
Assisting students requiring additional support in reading
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Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
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2
Programming 201
Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
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202
Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
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Programming 203
Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
Assisting students requiring additional support in reading
Resources
The following resources, some of which have been in schools for a number of years, provide
support for teachers when programming instruction for students requiring additional assistance
in learning.
Programming and Strategies Handbook (Primary)
This support document is also included in the Follow up to
BST folder. It assists teachers to choose strategies and make
appropriate adjustments to class programs for students
needing additional support in literacy.
http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/media/downloads/
schoolsweb/studentsupport/programs/disabilitypgrms/
pshandbook.pdf
Programming and Strategies Handbook (Secondary)
This support document provides instructional techniques
for both the Support Teacher Learning Assistance (STLA) and
Key Learning Area (KLA) teachers. It contains strategies for
developing the reading ability of students still struggling
to read the words on the page. It has extensive sections on
comprehension that support the collaborative teaching
between STLAs and KLA teachers.
http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/media/downloads/
schoolsweb/studentsupport/programs/disabilitypgrms/
pshandbooksec.pdf
204
Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
Assisting students requiring additional support in reading
Writing and Spelling Strategies
This practical resource can assist teachers to develop and
adjust teaching strategies and class programs to meet the
needs of a range of learners experiencing difculties with
spelling and writing. This book is available in PDF format, as a
whole or by individual sections.
http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/media/downloads/
schoolsweb/studentsupport/programs/disabilitypgrms/
services/lrngdifculty/writespellad.pdf
Linking NAPLAN 2008 to the Curriculum
This online resource provides practical assistance to inform
teaching programs and assist teachers with improving
targeted student learning outcomes. These teaching
strategies are linked to skills assessed in NAPLAN tests and
are available for both literacy and numeracy.
http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/learning/7-12assessments/
naplan/teachstrategies/yr2008/index.htm
Literacy and Numeracy Follow Up for Primary
Schools
This resource contains training and development activities
to assist teachers to identify and work with students
experiencing difculties in reading. The strategies and
planning processes outlined can assist schools in providing
effective teaching and learning programs for students
experiencing difculties with reading
http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/media/downloads/
schoolsweb/studentsupport/programs/disabilitypgrms/
services/lrngdifculty/litnumfollow.pdf
Programming 205
Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
Assisting students requiring additional support in reading
BST Literacy Teaching Strategies
2006 and 2007
The teaching strategy documents
developed in preceding years to link the
BST to the curriculum provide teachers
and learning support teams with a range
of additional strategies targeting specic
skills.
https://detwww.det.nsw.edu.au/
directorates/schoimpro/EMD/bst_
publications.htm
ELLA Literacy Teaching Strategies 2006
The teaching strategy documents developed in preceding
years to link the BST to the curriculum provide teachers and
learning support teams with a range of additional strategies
targeting specic skills.
https://detwww.det.nsw.edu.au/directorates/schoimpro/
EMD/ella_publications.htm
Teaching literacy in Series
(Science, Geography, English, Creative Arts, PDHPE, History,
Languages, Mathematics, Design and Technology)
This series supports teachers of Year 7, highlighting the
literacy demands of each subject, and demonstrates how
these demands can be explicitly taught in sample units of
work. Advice is also given on using assessment information
to plan appropriate programs and ways in which a whole-
school plan for literacy might be developed.
Available for purchase from Curriculum Support at
http://www.schools.nsw.edu.au/learning/resourcesforsale/
yrs07_12/english.php
206
Part 2 After assessment
FROM ASSESSMENT TO PROGRAMMING
Assisting students requiring additional support in reading