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John Russell V. Morales Comp.

Ed 6
Bs Psychology Prof. May Fernandez
The Elements of a Computer Information System

1. Hardware
Hardware is the most obvious part of a computer-based information system. Hardware refers to the
computers themselves, along with any and all peripherals, including servers, routers, monitors, printers
and storage devices. A CBIS may use a single computer or thousands.

2. Software
Without software, the hardware wouldn't be very useful. Software, the second element of a CBIS, is
what tells the hardware how to function. It gathers, organizes and manipulates data and carries out
instructions. Everything you do using a computer is done by the software.
3. Data
Data, or information, is the third element of a CBIS. Just as hardware cannot function without
software, software cannot function without data. This is the information part of an information system,
and whether that is statistical data, sets of instructions, lists of names or even graphics and animations, it
is all key to a CBIS.
4. Procedures
It is commonly said that "procedures are to people what software is to hardware." The fourth element
of CBIS, procedures are the rules, descriptions and instructions for how things are done. In computer-
based information systems, procedures are frequently covered in instruction or user manuals that
describe how to use the hardware, software and data.

5. People
People are the most often overlooked and most important part of a computer-based information
system. It is people who design and operate the software, input the data, build the hardware and keep it
running, write the procedures and it is ultimately people who determine the success or failure of a
CBIS.


6. Communication
Communication is left out of some lists of CBIS elements, but for a CBIS that involves more than one
piece of hardware to function, communication or connectivity is a necessity. This is, in part, because
parts of it are covered under hardware. The components that allow one computer to communicate
with another are hardware and are controlled by software. If communication between people is
included in this element, though, it is an important element.

source:http://www.ehow.com/list_7656401_six-elements-information-system.html

John Russell V. Morales Comp.Ed 6
Bs Psychology Prof. May Fernandez


Kinds of Computer
1. Personal Computer (PC)
- The personal computer (PC) defines a computer designed for general use by a single person.
While a Mac is a PC, most people relate the term with systems that run the Windows operating
system. PCs were first known as microcomputers because they were a complete computer but
built on a smaller scale than the huge systems in use by most businesses.

2. Desktop
- A PC that is not designed for portability is a desktop computer. The expectations with desktop
systems are that you will set the computer up in a permanent location. Most desktops offer
more power, storage and versatility for less cost than their portable brethren.

3. Laptops
- Also called notebooks, laptops are portable computers that integrate the display, keyboard, a
pointing device or trackball, processor, memory and hard drive all in a battery-operatedpackage
slightly larger than an average hardcover book.


4. PDA
- Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are tightly integrated computers that often use flash
memory instead of a hard drive for storage. These computers usually do not have keyboards
but rely on touchscreen technology for user input. PDAs are typically smaller than a paperback
novel, very lightweight with a reasonable battery life. A slightly larger and heavier version of the
PDA is the handheld computer.\

5. Supercomputer
- This type of computer usually costs hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars.
Although some supercomputers are single computer systems, most are composed of multiple
high performance computers working in parallel as a single system. The best known
supercomputers are built by Cray Supercomputers.

6. Server
- A computer that has been optimized to provide services to other computers over
a network. Servers usually have powerful processors, lots of memory and large hard drives. The
next type of computer can fill an entire room.


John Russell V. Morales Comp.Ed 6
Bs Psychology Prof. May Fernandez
7. Workstation
- Another type of computer is a workstation. A workstation is simply a desktop computer that
has a more powerful processor, additional memory and enhanced capabilities for performing a
special group of task, such as 3D Graphics orgame development.

8. Mainframe
- In the early days of computing, mainframes were huge computers that could fill an entire room
or even a whole floor! As the size of computers has diminished while the power has increased,
the term mainframe has fallen out of use in favor of enterprise server. You'll still hear the term
used, particularly in large companies to describe the huge machines processing millions of
transactions every day.

Input Devices - is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and
control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or other information appliance.
Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, digital camerasand joysticks.
1. Keyboard

2. Mouse


3. Webcam

John Russell V. Morales Comp.Ed 6
Bs Psychology Prof. May Fernandez
4. Scanner

5. Joystick


Output Devices - is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate
the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as a computer)
which converts the electronically generated information into human-readable form.

1. Monitor

2. Headset

John Russell V. Morales Comp.Ed 6
Bs Psychology Prof. May Fernandez
3. Projector

4. Printer

5. Sound Card

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