ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Active Voice
Mary eats a mango. ( H 1)
Passive Voice n
a r
A mango is eaten by Mary. (1n H )
1 1 11 Active Voice a Passive Voice
1 1 Active Voice
a1 Passive Voice n
1 Passive Voice 1 1
Transitive Verb H r to love , to catch , to buy ,
to eat , to give , to see , to write , etc. a1 Intransitive Verb n
H r to run , to walk , to go , to fly , to swim , etc. 1
Passive Voice
Active Voice Passive
Voice
.
a H Active Voice
Passive Voice !re!osition "by#
$.
aH Active Voice
Passive Voice
%.
Active Voice r
Passive Voice 1 r % (Past Partici!le) ara Verb
to be is , am , are , was , were , be , being , been 1r Verb to be 1
tense Active a 1a a tense
Active Voice :
Passive Voice :
Subject + Verb + Object
Subject + Verb to be + V
3
+ by + object
a a a Active Voice Passive
Voice u L 1
.
Tense
Active Voice Passive Voice
. Present Simpe
& The teacher punishes the boy.
& Do you always laugh at him'
& The boy is punished by the teacher.
& Is he always laughed at by you '
$. Present Continuous
& The !ainters are painting our house.
& Are the stu(ents doing the e)ercise'
& *ur house is being painted by the
!ainters.
& Are the e)ercises being done by the
stu(ents'
%. Present Per!ect
& They have built a new hotel.
& Has the boy caught a bir('
& A new hotel has been built by them.
& Has a bir( been caught by the boy '
+. Past Simpe
& My sister wrote a letter.
& Did the servant polish Tom#s shoes'
& A letter was written by my sister.
& Were Tom#s shoes polished by the
servant'
,. Past Continuous
& -hile .ane was introducing me,
the tele!hone rang.
& Werent they digging this hole when
you went !ast yester(ay'
& -hile I was being introduced by .ane,
the tele!hone rang.
& Wasnt this hole being dug by them
whom you went !ast yester(ay'
/. Past Per!ect
& The guests had eaten all the foo(.
& Had he seen you before'
& All the foo( had been eaten by the
guests.
is , am , are 0V
%
is , am , are 0 being 0V
%
has , have 0 being 0V
%
was , were 0V
%
was , were 0 being 0V
%
ha( been 0V
%
& Had you been seen by him before'
1. "uture Simpe
& 2is mother will beat him if he (oes
that again.
& Will Mary invite .ack to her !arty'
& 2e will be beaten by his mother if he
(oes that again.
& Will .ack be invited by Mary to her
!arty'
3. "uture Per!ect
& 4y ne)t March the !u!ils will have
taken the e)amination.
& Will she have announced the results
by the en( of ne)t month'
& 4y ne)t March the e)amination will
have been taken by the !u!ils.
& Will the results have been announced by
her by the en( of ne)t month'
$.
Verb form
Verb !orm Active Voice Passive Voice
Infinitive
Perfect Infinitive
Present Partici!le
Past Partici!le
to write
to have written
writing
written
to be written
to have been written
being written
been written
an Passive Voice
) Intransitive Verb r
& They go to school every (ay.
& 5he swims 6uite well.
$) Transitive Verb H r
7ang had his breakfast.
2is breakfast was had by 7ang. (wrong)
%) Verb of Incom!lete aH n r
5he became 6ueen.
A 6ueen was become by her. (wrong)
will have 0 been 0V
%
will be 0V
%
(u 8ueen com!lement r *b9ect)
E#E$CISE : PASSIVE VOICE TENSE
E#E$CISE %&
C'an(e t'ese sentences !rom ACTIVE to PASSIVE VOICE)
A) Present Simpe Tense
. *ur grocer sells goo( tea.
:oo( tea is sol( by our grocer.
$. 7o the stu(ents un(erstan( the lesson'
Is the lesson un(erstoo( by the stu(ents'
%. -ho breaks this win(ow'
4y whom is this win(ow broken'
*) Present Continuous Tense
+. The teacher is teaching the stu(ents.
The stu(ents are being taught by the teacher.
,. The gar(ener is cutting the grass.
The grass is being cut by the gar(ener.
/. Is .im (oing his homework'
Is .im#s homework being (one'
C) Present Per!ect Tense
1. The little girl has (ro!!e( the toy.
The toy has been (ro!!e( by the little girl.
3. 2as the !ostman (elivere( any letters '
2ave any letters been (elivere( by the !ostman'
;. -e have not seen our father for years.
*ur father has not been seen for years.
<. I have written several letters.
5everal letters have been written.
D) Past Simpe Tense
. The !oliceman caught the thief.
The thief was caught by the !oliceman.
$. 7i( you eat all the oranges '
-ere all the oranges eaten'
%. The (entist !ulle( out one of my teeth last week.
*ne of my teeth was !ulle( out by the (entist last week.
+. The teacher !unishe( me when I talke( in class.
I was !unishe( by the teacher when I talke( in class.
E) Past Continuous Tense
,. The servant was cleaning the car.
The car was being cleane( by the servant.
/. -as Tony making the noise '
-as the noise being ma(e by Tony'
1. The girl was !icking the flowers.
The flowers were being !icke( by the girl.
") Past Per!ect Tense
3. After they ha( rea( those books they left.
After those books ha( been rea(, they left.
;. I ha( never visite( =nglan( before.
=nglan( ha( never been visite( (by me) before.
$<. They ha( finishe( the game before noon.
The game ha( been finishe( before noon.
+) "uture Simpe Tense
$. 2e will break the glass if he is not careful.
The glass will be broken if he is not careful.
$$. I will sing a new song.
A new song will be sung (by me).
$%. -ill you visit us tomorrow '
5hall we be visite( (by you) tomorrow'
I) Passive Voice Preposition ,by-
Passive Voice r by 0 ob9ect u
(agent) aga 1 1
r
) Peo!le in Italy s!eak Italian. (Active Voice)
Italian is s!oken in Italy. (Passive Voice)
1 r 1 by !eo!le u r a 11 nL
a u (by !eo!le)
$) Men have climbe( Mount =verest many times. (Active Voice)
Mount =verest has been climbe( many times. (Passive Voice)
1 1n1 u1a
1 by men
%)
Personal Pronoun r me , you , us , him , her , them a
1 a by Passive Voice
> They will buil( a new roa( through here soon.
> A new roa( will be built through here soon.
> 5he is cooking the (inner now.
> The (inner is being cooke( now.
+)
=veryone , =verybo(y , 5omeone , 5omebo(y , ?o one , ?obo(y
a 1 Passive Voice r
> =veryone must obey the law. (Active Voice)
> The law must be obeye(. (Passive Voice)
> =verybo(y learns =nglish in this school. (Active Voice)
> =nglish is learne( in this school. (Passive Voice)
> 5omeone has stolen my money. (Active Voice)
> My money has been stolen. (Passive Voice)
> ?o one ever obeys Tom. (Active Voice)
> Tom is never obeye(. (Passive Voice)
E#E$CISE : I PASSIVE VOICE P$EPOSITION ,*.-
E#E$CISE %/
A) $e0rite t'ese sentences usin( passive !orm) T'in1 0'y you 2o not nee2 to
use ,by- a(ent)
. 5omeone knocke( .immy (own an( broke his leg yester(ay.
@ester(ay .immy was knocke( (own an( his leg was broken.
$. They were !ainting the fence when someone tol( them to sto!.
The fence was being !ainte( when they were tol( to sto!.
%. =veryone must rea( the notice.
The notice must be rea(.
+. ?obo(y has ever like( Aobert.
Aobert has never been like(.
,. They will !ost!one the football match.
The football match will be !ost!one(.
/. Man has con6uere( s!ace.
5!ace has been con6uere(.
1. 5omebo(y is making fun of us.
-e are being ma(e fun of.
3. Peo!le listene( to the ra(io before someone invente( television.
The ra(io was listene( to before television was invente(.
;. ?o one ha( love( him before.
2e ha( never been love( before.
<. -e are going to hol( the com!etition.
The com!etition is going to be hel(.
*) $e0rite t'ese sentences usin( t'e Passive Voice) Don-t say 0'o per!orme2
t'e action)
. They close the library at five o#clock every afternoon.
The library is close( at five o#clock every afternoon.
$. 5omeone will !aint the gate ne)t week&en(.
The gate will be !ainte( ne)t week&en(.
%. ?obo(y aske( 4ill to sing.
4ill was not aske( to sing.
+. Peo!le aren#t going to hol( the meeting tonight.
The meeting is not going to be hel( tonight.
,. They can men( this television set.
This television set can be men(e(.
/. Peo!le mustn#t !ark cars on that roa(.
Bars mustn#t be !arke( on that roa(.
1. Peo!le ma(e 5mith ca!tain of the team.
5mith was ma(e ca!tain of the team.
3. They won#t finish the new bri(ge ne)t month.
The new bri(ge won#t be finishe( ne)t month.
;. 5omebo(y has o!ene( our (oor.
*ur (oor has been o!ene(.
<. They#ll broa(cast that !rogramme again.
That !rogramme will be broa(cast again.
II) Passive Voice preposition ,by-
u a1 n r 1 by
0 *b9ect Passive Voice 1 r
> Bharles 7ickens wrote this book.
> This book was written by Bharles 7ickens.
(n 1 by Bharles 7ickens a1 1 1)
> A falling rock hit .oe on the hea(.
> .oe was hit on the hea( by a falling rock.
1 1 Passive Voice u 1
r
> A snake (i( not bite her , a bee strung her.
> 5he wasn#t bitten by a snake , she was strung by a bee.
I)
3au4iiary verb5 may 6 mi('t 6 can 6 cou2 6 must 6 ou('t
to 6 s'a 6 s'ou2 6 'as to 6 'ave to 6 etc) be + Past Participe
Passive Voice u


may 6 mi('t
can 6 cou2
must 6 'ave to + be + past Participe
ou('t to
etc)
@ou ought to open the win(ow.
The win(ow ought to be opened.
My teacher can speak :erman.
:erman can be spoken by my teacher.
The !u!ils should obey the teacher.
The teacher should be obeyed.
II)
Active Voice 7 32oube objects5 un
Passive Voice u 7 uuu
& The 2ea(mistress gave me a pri8e. (Active Voice)
HH I was given a !riCe by the 2ea(mistress.
HH $ A prize was given to me by the 2ea(mistress.
& They showe( us t'e paace where the Aoyal family live(. (Active
Voice)
HH We were shown the !alace where the Aoyal family live(.
HH $ The palace where the Aoyal family live( was shown to
us.
1 $ HH 1n r HH Personal
*b9ect Passive Voice
E#E$CISE : PASSIVE VOICE II) 6 III) 6 IV)
E#E$CISE %9
C'an(e t'e !oo0in( sentences into t'e Passive Voice 0it' a persona subject)
. They showe( me a lovely necklace.
I was shown a lovely necklace.
$. A frien( lent me that !en.
I was lent that !en by a frien(.
%. I gave him a cake for his birth(ay.
2e was given a cake for his birth(ay.
+. 7i( he offer you the 9ob I tol( you about '
-ere you offere( the 9ob you were tol( about'
,. 7i( anyone sen( you the !hotogra!hs '
-ere you sent the !hotogra!hs'
/. The teacher aske( them a very (ifficult 6uestion.
They were aske( a very (ifficult 6uestion by the teacher.
1. 2is father !romise( him a bicycle if he !asse( the e)amination.
2e was !romise( a bicycle by his father if he !asse( the e)amination.
3. My frien(s tol( me the ba( news this morning.
I was tol( the ba( news by my frien(s this morning.
;. The teacher taught him Italian.
2e was taught Italian by the teacher.
<. .im bought me a novel last weeken(.
I was bought a novel by .im last weeken(.
III)
:uestion ;or2s
u 0'o by 0'om
g u
> -hat will you give me '
> -hat will I be given by you '
> -here (i( you see the snake '
> -here was the snake seen '
> -hen will you finish you essay '
> -hen will you essay be finishe( '
> -hy (i( he !unishe( chil(ren '
> -hy were his chil(ren !unishe('
> -ho wrote "*liver Twist# '
> 4y whom was "*liver Twist# written '
> -hich (ress (i( you buy '
> -hich (ress was bought by you '
IV)
u 3Imperative Sentence5
Passive Voice
<et + object + be + past participe
> 7on#t kill the tiger.
> Det the tiger not be kille(.
> *!en you book.
> Det your book be o!ene(.
> 7o it.
> Det it be (one.
> 5en( for the (octor.
> Det the (octor be sent for.
E !assive voice 11H r
V)

Verb 0 !re!osition a(verb 0 *b9ect
Passive Voice Preposition Adverb 1
u
> I must write to him. (!re!.)
> 2e must be written to.
> -e can !lay with these cubs 6uite safely. (!re!.)
> These cubs can be played with 6uite safely.
> They threw away the ol( news!a!er. (a(v.)
> The ol( news!a!ers were thrown away.
VI)
n a2verb o! =anner 0e 6 ba2y etc) 3
3Past Participe5 Passive Voice
> They (i( the work well.
> The work was well done
> 5he (resse( her chil(ren ba(ly.
> 2er chil(ren were badly dressed
E#E$CISE : PASSIVE VOICE V) 6 VI) 6 VII) 6 VIII)
E#E$CISE %>
Put t'e !oo0in( sentences into t'e Passive Voice)
. ?o one has (runk out of that cu!.
That cu! has never been (runk out of.
$. A bus ran over our little cat.
*ur little cat was run over by a bus.
%. -e must work for success.
5uccess must be worke( for.
+. Peo!le s!eak well of that girl.
That girl is well s!oken of.
,. 5omebo(y lit the lights on all night.
The lights were lit on all night.
/. They sent letters of thanks to all their frien(s.
Detters of thanks were sent to all their frien(s.
1. =verybo(y must look into this matter.
This matter must be looke( into.
3. It#s time !eo!le brought the cows in.
It#s time the cows were brought in.
;. ?obo(y has ever s!oken to her like that before.
5he has never been s!oken to like that before.
<. -e shoul( not throw away the ol( news!a!er.
The ol( news!a!ers shoul( not be thrown away.
. Mother looks after the little baby well.
The little baby is well looke( after by Mother.
$. 5omeone has brought this girl u! very ba(ly.
This girl has been very ba(ly brought u!.
%. 5he rea(s to the ol( la(y every afternoon.
The ol( la(y is rea( to every afternoon.
+. Peo!le ought not to s!eak about such things in the !arty.
5uch things ought not to be s!oken about in the !arty.
,. Peo!le were carrying the chairs out into the gar(en.
The chairs were being carrie( out into the gar(en.
VII)
Active Voice Z u t'in1 6 consi2er 6
1no0 6 ac1no0e2(e 6 report 6 say 6 !in2 6 caim 6 un2erstan2 6 beieve 6
'ope 6 !ear 6 !ee
think
consi(er
Peo!le know that he is F..
etc.
ana Passive Voice $ HH
uuu %
thought
consi(ere(
It is known that he is F..
etc.
uuu 7
thought
consi(ere(
2e is sai( to be 0 a(9ective
known
r People said that he was 9ealous of her.
HH
It was said that he was 9ealous of her.
HH $
He was said to be 9ealous of her.
VIII)
Active Voice In!initive 0it'out ,to-
Passive Voice 1 In!initive 0it' ,to- u
> -e saw them go out.
> They were seen to go out.
> 2e ma(e us work.
> -e were made to work.
<et Z In!initive 0it'out ,to- Passive
Voice
> They let us go.
> -e were let go.
I#)
Active Voice Present Participe +erun2
Passive Voice u
being 0 Past Partici!le
> I saw .ohn kicking the ball.
> I saw the ball being kicked by .ohn.
> I remember my father taking me to the Coo.
> I remember being taken to the Coo by my father.
#)
Active Voice u Passive Voice
1 by u1 at 6 in 6 0it' 6 etc) u runn
nunr
> @our essay (oesn#t interest me.
> I am not interested in your essay.
> The fire killed four men.
> Gour men were killed in the fire.
> @our success pleases me much.
> I am much pleased at (with) your success.
> 5now covers the mountain.
> The mountain is covered with snow.
E#E$CISE : PASSIVE VOICE I#) 6 #) 6 #I) 6 #II6 #III)
E#E$CISE %?
. 5omeone is going to fi) the ra(io.
The ra(io is going to be fi)e(.
$. The !arents will sen( him to school on Mon(ay.
2e will be sent to school on Mon(ay by the !arents.
%. 2as someone men(e( that table yet '
2as that table been men(e( yet'
+. Da(ies use( to wear (resses very long.
7resses use( to be worn very long by la(ies.
,. 7i(n#t they tell you to be there by seven o#clock '
-eren#t you tol( to be there by 1 o#clock'
/. 2er beauty struck him (ee!ly.
2e was (ee!ly struck by her beauty.
1. 7i( nobo(y ever teach you how to behave '
-eren#t you ever taught how to behave'
3. Peo!le say that tortoises live longer than ele!hants.
Tortoises are sai( to live longer than ele!hants. H It is sai( that tortoises live
longer than ele!hant.
;. Dook what the teacher has given me.
Dook what I have been given by the teacher.
<. The !olice ought to !ut them in !rison.
They ought to be !ut in !rison by the !olice.
. -hat (i( she write it with '
-hat was it written with'
$. They have ha( to fin( a much bigger flat.
A much bigger flat has ha( to be foun(.
E#E$CISE %@
Circe t'e best ans0er)
. Gruits are FFFFF all over Thailan(.
) easily foun( $) easy to fin( them
%) to fin( easily +) foun( easy
$. They (i( the work well.
) The work was (one well.
$) The work was well (one.
%) The work was being (one well by them.
+) They were well (one the work.
%. A new song FFFFF .
) will sing $) will singing
%) will be singing +) will be sung
+. ?o one has ever like( .im.
) .im has been like( by on one. $) .im has not ever been like(
%) .im has never been like( +) Anyone has ever like( .im.
,. -hich is correct '
) -ere anyone sent you the !hotogra!hs '
$) 7i( you be sent anyone the !hotogra!hs '
%) -ere the !hotogra!hs sent you '
+) -ere you sent the !hotogra!hs '
/. The little baby FFFFF
) is looke( after by mother well. $) is looke( after well by
mother.
%) is well looke( after by mother. +) is looke( well after by
mother.
1. -hich is correct '
) 4y whom was this book written ' $) 4y whom this book was
written '
%) -ho was this book written by ' +) -ho was written this book '
3. Det the cow FFFFF kille(.
) not $) not being %) not to be +) not be
;. Aecor(s of all sales shoul( FFFFF by the sales (e!artment.
) have ke!t $) kee! %) be ke!t +) ke!t
<. 7rivers who violate the traffic rules will surelyFFFFF .
) to be fine( $) fine( %) be fine( +) be
fining
1
E
a
5uccessful =nglish :rammar I
a1n