CSE Anthropology Syllabus

Paper - I
1.1 Meaning, scope and development of Anthropology.
1.2 Relationships with other disciplines: Social Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, ife Sciences, Medical
Sciences, !arth Sciences and "umanities.
1.# Main $ranches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance:
1. Social% cultural Anthropology.
2. Biological Anthropology.
#. Archaeological Anthropology.
&. inguistic Anthropology.
1.& "uman !volution and emergence of Man:
1. Biological and 'ultural factors in human evolution.
1. (heories of )rganic !volution *+re% ,arwinian, ,arwinian and +ost%,arwinian-.
2. Synthetic theory of evolution. Brief outline of terms and concepts of evolutionary $iology *,oll/s
rule, 'ope/s rule, 0ause/s rule, parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic
evolution-.
1.1 'haracteristics of +rimates. !volutionary (rend and +rimate (a2onomy. +rimate Adaptations.
*Ar$oreal and (errestrial- +rimate (a2onomy. +rimate Behaviour. (ertiary and 3uaternary fossil
primates. iving Ma4or +rimates. 'omparative Anatomy of Man and Apes. S5eletal changes due to erect
posture and its implications.
1.6 +hylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distri$ution of the following:
1. Social Sciences, Behavioural Sciences, ife Sciences, Medical Sciences, !arth Sciences and
"umanities.
2. "omo erectus: Africa *+aranthropus-, !urope *"omo erectus heidel$ergensis-, Asia *"omo
erectus 4avanicus, "omo erectus pe5inensis-.
#. 7eanderthal Man% a%'hapelle%au2%saints *'lassical type-, Mt. 'armel *+rogressive type-.
&. Rhodesian man.
1. "omo sapiens 8 'romagnon, 0rimaldi and 'hancelede.
1.9 (he $iological $asis of life: (he 'ell, ,7A structure and replication, +rotein Synthesis, 0ene,
Mutation, 'hromosomes, and 'ell ,ivision.
1.:
1. +rinciples of +rehistoric Archaeology. 'hronology: Relative and A$solute ,ating methods.
2. 'ultural !volution% Broad )utlines of +rehistoric cultures:
1. +aleolithic
2. Mesolithic
#. 7eolithic
&. 'halcolithic
1. 'opper%Bron;e Age
6. <ron Age
2.1 (he 7ature of 'ulture: (he concept and characteristics of culture and civili;ation. !thnocentrism vis%
=%vis cultural Relativism.
2.2 (he 7ature of Society: 'oncept of Society. Society and 'ulture. Social <nstitutions. Social groups.
and Social stratification.
2.# Marriage: ,efinition and universality. aws of marriage *endogamy, e2ogamy, hypergamy,
hypogamy, incest ta$oo-. (ypes of marriage *monogamy, polygamy, polyandry, group marriage-.
>unctions of marriage. Marriage regulations *preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive-. Marriage
payments *$ride wealth and dowry-.
2.& >amily: ,efinition and universality. >amily, household and domestic groups. functions of family.
(ypes of family *from the perspectives of structure, $lood relation, marriage, residence and succession-.
<mpact of ur$ani;ation, industriali;ation and feminist movements on family.
2.1 ?inship: 'onsanguinity and Affinity. +rinciples and types of descent *@nilineal, ,ou$le, Bilateral,
Am$ilineal-. >orms of descent groups *lineage, clan, phratry, moiety and 5indred-. ?inship terminology
*descriptive and classificatory-. ,escent, >iliation and 'omplimentary >iliation. ,escent and Alliance.
#. !conomic organi;ation: Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthropology. >ormalist and
Su$stantivist de$ate. +rinciples governing production, distri$ution and e2change *reciprocity,
redistri$ution and mar5et-, in communities, su$sisting on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening,
pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture. glo$ali;ation and indigenous economic systems.
&. +olitical organi;ation and Social 'ontrol: Band, tri$e, chiefdom, 5ingdom and state. concepts of
power, authority and legitimacy. social control, law and 4ustice in simple societies.
1. Religion: Anthropological approaches to the study of religion *evolutionary, psychological and
functional-. monotheism and polytheism. sacred and profane. myths and rituals. forms of religion in tri$al
and peasant societies *animism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and totemism-. religion, magic and
science distinguished. magico% religious functionaries *priest, shaman, medicine man, sorcerer and
witch-.
6. Anthropological theories:
1. 'lassical evolutionism *(ylor, Morgan and >ra;er-
2. "istorical particularism *Boas-. ,iffusionism *British, 0erman and American-
#. >unctionalism *Malinows5i-. Structural% functionlism *Radcliffe%Brown-
&. Structuralism */evi A Strauss and !. each-
1. 'ulture and personality *Benedict, Mead, inton, ?ardiner and 'ora A du Bois-.
6. 7eo A evolutionism *'hilde, Bhite, Steward, Sahlins and Service-
9. 'ultural materialism *"arris-
:. Sym$olic and interpretive theories *(urner, Schneider and 0eert;-
C. 'ognitive theories *(yler, 'on5lin-
1D. +ost% modernism in anthropology
9. 'ulture, language and communication: 7ature, origin and characteristics of language. ver$al and
non%ver$al communication. social conte2t of language use.
:. Research methods in anthropology:
1. >ieldwor5 tradition in anthropology
2. ,istinction $etween techniEue, method and methodology
#. (ools of data collection: o$servation, interview, schedules, Euestionnaire, 'ase study,
genealogy, life%history, oral history, secondary sources of information, participatory methods.
&. Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
C.1 "uman 0enetics A Methods and Application: Methods for study of genetic principles in man%family
study *pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child, co%twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal
and 5aryo%type analysis-, $iochemical methods, immunological methods, ,.7.A. technology and
recom$inant technologies.
C.2 Mendelian genetics in man%family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, su$%lethal and polygenic
inheritance in man.
C.# 'oncept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, "ardy%Bein$erg law. causes
and changes which $ring down freEuency A mutation, isolation, migration, selection, in$reeding and
genetic drift. 'onsanguineous and non%consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of
consanguineous and cousin marriages.
C.& 'hromosomes and chromosomal a$errations in man, methodology.
1. 7umerical and structural a$errations *disorders-.
2. Se2 chromosomal a$errations A ?linefelter *FFG-, (urner *F)-, Super female *FFF-, interse2
and other syndromic disorders.
#. Autosomal a$errations A ,own syndrome, +atau, !dward and 'ri%du%chat syndromes.
&. 0enetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic counseling, human ,7A
profiling, gene mapping and genome study.
C.1 Race and racism, $iological $asis of morphological variation of non%metric and metric characters.
Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment. $iological $asis of racial classification,
racial differentiation and race crossing in man.
C.6 Age, se2 and population variation as genetic mar5er% AB), Rh $lood groups, "A "p, transferring,
0m, $lood en;ymes.
+hysiological characteristics%"$ level, $ody fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory
perceptions in different cultural and socio%economic groups.
C.9 'oncepts and methods of !cological Anthropology. Bio%cultural Adaptations A 0enetic and 7on%
genetic factors. Man/s physiological responses to environmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude
climate.
C.: !pidemiological Anthropology: "ealth and disease. <nfectious and non%infectious diseases.
7utritional deficiency related diseases.
1D. 'oncept of human growth and development: stages of growth A pre%natal, natal, infant, childhood,
adolescence, maturity, senescence.
>actors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, $iochemical, nutritional, cultural and
socio%economic.
Ageing and senescence. (heories and o$servations A $iological and chronological longevity. "uman
physiEue and somatotypes. Methodologies for growth studies.
11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other $ioevents to fertility. >ertility patterns and
differentials.
11.2 ,emographic theories% $iological, social and cultural.
11.# Biological and socio%ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality and mortality.
12. Applications of Anthropology: Anthropology of sports, 7utritional anthropology, Anthropology in
designing of defence and other eEuipments, >orensic Anthropology, Methods and principles of personal
identification and reconstruction, Applied human genetics A +aternity diagnosis, genetic counseling and
eugenics, ,7A technology in diseases and medicine, serogenetics and cytogenetics in reproductive
$iology.
Paper - II
1.1 !volution of the <ndian 'ulture and 'ivili;ation 8 +rehistoric *+alaeolithic, Mesolithic, 7eolithic and
7eolithic A 'halcolithic-.
+rotohistoric *<ndus 'ivili;ation-: +re% "arappan, "arappan and post% "arappan cultures.'ontri$utions
of tri$al cultures to <ndian civili;ation.
1.2 +alaeo A anthropological evidences from <ndia with special reference to Siwali5s and 7armada
$asin *Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and 7armada Man-.
1.# !thno%archaeology in <ndia: (he concept of ethno%archaeology. Survivals and +arallels among the
hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant communities including arts and crafts producing
communities.
2. ,emographic profile of <ndia 8 !thnic and linguistic elements in the <ndian population and their
distri$ution. <ndian population A factors influencing its structure and growth.
#.1 (he structure and nature of traditional <ndian social system 8 Harnashram, +urushartha, ?arma,
Rina and Re$irth.
#.2 'aste system in <ndia% structure and characteristics, Harna and caste, (heories of origin of caste
system, ,ominant caste, 'aste mo$ility, >uture of caste system, Ia4mani system, (ri$e% caste
continuum.
#.# Sacred 'omple2 and 7ature% Man% Spirit 'omple2.
#.& <mpact of Buddhism, Iainism, <slam and 'hristianity on <ndian society.
&. !mergence and growth of anthropology in <ndia%'ontri$utions of the 1:th, 1Cth and early 2Dth
'entury scholar%administrators. 'ontri$utions of <ndian anthropologists to tri$al and caste studies.
1.1 <ndian Hillage: Significance of village study in <ndia. <ndian village as a social system. (raditional and
changing patterns of settlement and inter%caste relations. Agrarian relations in <ndian villages. <mpact of
glo$ali;ation on <ndian villages.
1.2 inguistic and religious minorities and their social, political and economic status.
1.# <ndigenous and e2ogenous processes of socio%cultural change in <ndian society: Sans5riti;ation,
Besterni;ation, Moderni;ation. <nter%play of little and great traditions. +anchayati ra4 and social change.
Media and social change.
6.1 (ri$al situation in <ndia A Bio%genetic varia$ility, linguistic and socio%economic characteristics of tri$al
populations and their distri$ution.
6.2 +ro$lems of the tri$al 'ommunities 8 land alienation, poverty, inde$tedness, low literacy, poor
educational facilities, unemployment, underemployment, health and nutrition.
6.# ,evelopmental pro4ects and their impact on tri$al displacement and pro$lems of reha$ilitation.
,evelopment of forest policy and tri$als. <mpact of ur$ani;ation and industriali;ation on tri$al
populations.
9.1 +ro$lems of e2ploitation and deprivation of Scheduled 'astes, Scheduled (ri$es and )ther
Bac5ward 'lasses. 'onstitutional safeguards for Scheduled (ri$es and Scheduled 'astes.
9.2 Social change and contemporary tri$al societies: <mpact of modern democratic institutions,
development programmes and welfare measures on tri$als and wea5er sections.
9.# (he concept of ethnicity. !thnic conflicts and political developments. @nrest among tri$al
communities. Regionalism and demand for autonomy. +seudo%tri$alism. Social change among the
tri$es during colonial and post%<ndependent <ndia.
:.1 <mpact of "induism, Buddhism, 'hristianity, <slam and other religions on tri$al societies.
:.2 (ri$e and nation state % a comparative study of tri$al communities in <ndia and other countries.
C.1 "istory of administration of tri$al areas, tri$al policies, plans, programmes of tri$al development and
their implementation.
(he concept of +(0s *+rimitive (ri$al 0roups-, their distri$ution, special programmes for their
development. Role of 7.0.).s in tri$al development.
C.2 Role of anthropology in tri$al and rural development.
C.# 'ontri$utions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, communalism, and ethnic and
political movements.
UPSC CSE Mains Geography Syllabus
Paper - I
Principles of Geography Physical Geography:
1. Geoorphology: >actors controlling landform development. endogenetic and e2ogenetic forces.
)rigin and evolution of the earth/s crust. >undamentals of geomagnetism. +hysical conditions of the
earth/s interior. 0eosynclines. 'ontinental drift. <sostasy. +late tectonics. Recent views on mountain
$uilding. Hulcanicity. !arthEua5es and (sunamis. 'oncepts of geomorphic cycles and andscape
development . ,enudation chronology. 'hannel morphology. !rosion surfaces. Slope development .
Applied 0eomorphology : 0eohydrology, economic geology and environment.
!. Cliatology: (emperature and pressure $elts of the world. "eat $udget of the earth. Atmospheric
circulation. atmospheric sta$ility and insta$ility. +lanetary and local winds. Monsoons and 4et streams.
Air masses and fronto genesis, (emperate and tropical cyclones. (ypes and distri$ution of precipitation.
Beather and 'limate. ?oppen/s, (hornthwaite/s and (rewartha/s classification of world climates.
"ydrological cycle. 0lo$al climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes, Applied
climatology and @r$an climate.
". #ceanography: Bottom topography of the Atlantic, <ndian and +acific )ceans. (emperature and
salinity of the oceans. "eat and salt $udgets, )cean deposits. Baves, currents and tides. Marine
resources: $iotic, mineral and energy resources. 'oral reefs, coral $leaching. sealevel changes. law of
the sea and marine pollution.
$. %iogeography: 0enesis of soils. 'lassification and distri$ution of soils. Soil profile. Soil erosion,
,egradation and conservation. >actors influencing world distri$ution of plants and animals. +ro$lems of
deforestation and conservation measures. Social forestry. agro%forestry. Bild life. Ma4or gene pool
centres.
&. En'ironental Geography: +rinciple of ecology. "uman ecological adaptations. <nfluence of man on
ecology and environment. 0lo$al and regional ecological changes and im$alances. !cosystem their
management and conservation. !nvironmental degradation, management and conservation.
Biodiversity and sustaina$le development. !nvironmental policy. !nvironmental ha;ards and remedial
measures. !nvironmental education and legislation.
(uan Geography:
1. Perspecti'es in (uan Geography: Areal differentiation. regional synthesis. ,ichotomy and dualism.
!nvironmentalism. 3uantitative revolution and locational analysis. radical, $ehavioural, human and
welfare approaches. anguages, religions and secularisation. 'ultural regions of the world. "uman
development inde2.
!. Econoic Geography: Borld economic development: measurement and pro$lems. Borld resources
and their distri$ution. !nergy crisis. the limits to growth. Borld agriculture: typology of agricultural
regions. agricultural inputs and productivity. >ood and nutrition pro$lems. >ood security. famine: causes,
effects and remedies. Borld industries: locational patterns and pro$lems. patterns of world trade.
". Population an) Settleent Geography: 0rowth and distri$ution of world population. demographic
attri$utes. 'auses and conseEuences of migration. concepts of over%under%and optimum population.
+opulation theories, world population pro$lems and policies, Social well%$eing and Euality of life.
+opulation as social capital. (ypes and patterns of rural settlements. !nvironmental issues in rural
settlements. "ierarchy of ur$an settlements. @r$an morphology: 'oncepts of primate city and ran5%si;e
rule. >unctional classification of towns. Sphere of ur$an influence. Rural % ur$an fringe. Satellite towns.
+ro$lems and remedies of ur$ani;ation. Sustaina$le development of cities.
$. *egional Planning: 'oncept of a region. (ypes of regions and methods of regionalisation. 0rowth
centres and growth poles. Regional im$alances. regional development strategies. environmental issues
in regional planning. +lanning for sustaina$le development.
&. Mo)els+ ,heories an) -a.s in (uan Geography: Systems analysis in "uman geography.
Malthusian, Mar2ian and demographic transition models. 'entral +lace theories of 'hristaller and
osch.+errou2 and Boudeville. Hon (hunen/s model of agricultural location. Be$er/s model of industrial
location. )stov/s model of stages of growth. "eartland and Rimland theories. aws of international
$oundaries and frontiers.
Paper / II
Geography of In)ia
1. Physical Setting: Space relationship of <ndia with neigh$oring countries. Structure and relief.
,rainage system and watersheds. +hysiographic regions. Mechanism of <ndian monsoons and rainfall
patterns, (ropical cyclones and western distur$ances. >loods and droughts. 'limatic regions. 7atural
vegetation. Soil types and their distri$utions.
!. *esources: and, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, $iotic and marine resources. >orest
and wild life resources and their conservation. !nergy crisis.
". Agriculture: <nfrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertili;ers, power. <nstitutional factors: land holdings, land
tenure and land reforms. 'ropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop
com$ination, land capa$ility. Agro and socialforestry. 0reen revolution and its socioeconomic and
ecological implications. Significance of dry farming. ivestoc5 resources and white revolution. aEua %
culture. sericulture, apiculture and poultry. agricultural regionalisation. agro%climatic
;ones. agro% ecological regions.
$. In)ustry: !volution of industries. ocational factors of cotton, 4ute, te2tile, iron and steel, aluminium,
fertili;er, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automo$ile, cottage and agro%$ased industries. <ndustrial
houses and comple2es including pu$lic sector underta5ings. <ndustrial regionalisation. 7ew industrial
policies. Multinationals and li$erali;ation. Special !conomic Jones. (ourism including eco %tourism.
&. ,ransport+ Counication an) ,ra)e: Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline networ5s and
their complementary roles in regional development. 0rowing importance of ports on national and foreign
trade. (rade $alance. (rade +olicy. !2port processing ;ones. ,evelopments in communication and
information technology and their impacts on economy and society. <ndian space programme.
0. Cultural Setting: "istorical +erspective of <ndian Society. Racial, linguistic and ethnic diversities.
religious minorities. ma4or tri$es, tri$al areas and their pro$lems. cultural regions. 0rowth, distri$ution
and density of population. ,emographic attri$utes: se2%ratio, age structure, literacy rate, wor5%force,
dependency ratio, longevity. migration *inter%regional, intra% regional and international- and associated
pro$lems. +opulation pro$lems and policies. "ealth indicators.
1. Settleents: (ypes, patterns and morphology of rural settlements. @r$an developments. Morphology
of <ndian cities. >unctional classification of <ndian cities. 'onur$ations and metropolitan regions. ur$an
sprawl. Slums and associated pro$lems. town planning. +ro$lems of ur$ani;ation and remedies.
2. *egional 3e'elopent an) Planning: !2perience of regional planning in <ndia. >ive Gear +lans.
<ntegrated rural development programmes. +anchayati Ra4 and decentralised planning. 'ommand area
development. Batershed management. +lanning for $ac5ward area, desert, drought prone, hill, tri$al
area development. multi%level planning. Regional planning and development of island territories.
4. Political Aspects: 0eographical $asis of <ndian federalism. State reorganisation. !mergence of new
states. Regional consciousness and inter state issues. international $oundary of <ndia and related
issues. 'ross $order terrorism. <ndia/s role in world affairs. 0eopolitics of South Asia and <ndian )cean
realm.
15. Conteporary Issues: !cological issues: !nvironmental ha;ards: landslides, earthEua5es,
(sunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics. <ssues relating to environmental pollution. 'hanges in
patterns of land use. +rinciples of environmental impact assessment and environmental management.
+opulation e2plosion and food security. !nvironmental degradation. ,eforestation, desertification and
soil erosion. +ro$lems of agrarian and industrial unrest. Regional disparities in economic development.
'oncept of sustaina$le growth and development. !nvironmental awareness. in5age of rivers.
0lo$alisation and <ndian economy.
NOTE: Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects
covered by this paper.
UPSC CSE Mains Geology Syllabus
Paper - I
1. General Geology: (he Solar System, Meteorites, )rigin and interior of the earth and age of earth.
Holcanoes% causes and products, Holcanic $elts. !arthEua5es%causes, effects, Seismic ;ones of <ndia.
<sland arcs, trenches and mid%ocean ridges. 'ontinental drifts. Seafloor spreading, +late tectonics.
<sostasy.
!. Geoorphology an) *eote Sensing: Basic concepts of geomorphology. Beathering and soil
formations. andforms, slopes and drainage. 0eomorphic cycles and their interpretation. Morphology
and its relation to structures and lithology. 'oastal geomorphology. Applications of geomorphology in
mineral prospecting, civil engineering. "ydrology and environmental studies. 0eomorphology of <ndian
su$continent. Aerial photographs and their interpretationmerits and limitations. (he !lectromagnetic
spectrum. )r$iting satellites and sensor systems. <ndian Remote Sensing Satellites. Satellites data
products. Applications of remote sensing in geology. (he 0eographic <nformation Systems *0<S- and
0lo$al +ositioning System *0+S- % its applications.
". Structural Geology: +rinciples of geologic mapping and map reading, +ro4ection diagrams, Stress
and strain ellipsoid and stress%strain relationships of elastic, plastic and viscous materials. Strain
mar5ers in deformed roc5s. Behaviour of minerals and roc5s under deformation conditions. >olds and
faults classification and mechanics. Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, 4oints and faults,
unconformities. (ime%relationship $etween crystalli;ation and deformation.
$. Paleontology: Species% definition and nomenclature. Megafossils and Microfossils. Modes of
preservation of fossils. ,ifferent 5inds of microfossils. Application of microfossils in correlation,
petroleum e2ploration, paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic studies. !volutionary trend in "ominidae,
!Euidae and +ro$oscidae. Siwali5 fauna. 0ondwana flora and fauna and its importance. <nde2 fossils
and their significance.
&. In)ian Stratigraphy: 'lassification of stratigraphic seEuences: lithostratigraphic, $iostratigraphic,
chronostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic and their interrelationships. ,istri$ution and classification
of +recam$rian roc5s of <ndia. Study of stratigraphic distri$ution and lithology of +hanero;oic roc5s of
<ndia with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance. Ma4or $oundary pro$lems%
'am$rianK+recam$rian, +ermianK(riassic, 'retaceousK(ertiary and +lioceneK +leistocene. Study of
climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneous activity in the <ndian su$continent in the geological
past. (ectonic framewor5 of <ndia. !volution of the "imalayas.
0. (y)rogeology an) Engineering Geology: "ydrologic cycle and genetic classification of water.
Movement of su$surface water. Springs. +orosity, permea$ility, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity
and storage coefficient, classification of aEuifers. Bater$earing characteristics of roc5s. 0roundwater
chemistry. Salt water intrusion. (ypes of wells. ,rainage $asin morphometry. !2ploration for
groundwater. 0roundwater recharge. +ro$lems and management of groundwater. Rainwater
harvesting. !ngineering properties of roc5s. 0eological investigations for dams, tunnels highways,
railway and $ridges. Roc5 as construction material. andslides%causes, prevention and reha$ilitation.
!arthEua5e resistant structures.
Paper - II
1. Mineralogy: 'lassification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry. <nternational system of
crystallographic notation. @se of pro4ection diagrams to represent crystal symmetry. !lements of F%ray
crystallography. +hysical and chemical characters of roc5 forming silicate mineral groups. Structural
classification of silicates. 'ommon minerals of igneous and metamorphic roc5s. Minerals of the
car$onate, phosphate, sulphide and halide groups. 'lay minerals. )ptical properties of common roc5
forming minerals. +leochroism, e2tinction angle, dou$le refraction, $irefringence, twinning and
dispersion in minerals.
!. Igneous an) Metaorphic Petrology: 0eneration and crystalli;ation of magmas. 'rystalli;ation of
al$ite%anorthite, diopsideanorthite and diopside%wollastonite%silica systems. Bowen/s Reaction +rinciple.
Magmatic differentation and assimilation. +etrogenetic significance of the te2tures and structures of
igneous roc5s. +etrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, $asic and ultra$asic groups,
charnoc5ite, anorthosite and al5aline roc5s. 'ar$onatites. ,eccan volcanic province. (ypes and agents
of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades and ;ones. +hase rule. >acies of regional and contact
metamorphism. A'> and A?> diagrams. (e2tures and structures of metamorphic roc5s. Metamorphism
of arenaceous, argillaceous and $asic roc5s. Minerals assem$lages Retrograde metamorphism.
Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites, 0ranulite terrains of <ndia.
". Se)ientary Petrology: Sediments and Sedimentary roc5s: +rocesses of formation. digenesis and
lithification. 'lastic and non%clastic roc5stheir classification, petrography and depositional environment.
Sedimentary facies and provenance. Sedimentary structures and their significance. "eavy minerals and
their significance. Sedimentary $asins of <ndia.
$. Econoic Geology: )re, ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classification of ore deposits.
+rocess of formation of minerals deposits. 'ontrols of ore locali;ation. )re te2tures and structures.
Metallogenic epochs and provinces. 0eology of the important <ndian deposits of aluminium, chromium,
copper, gold, iron, lead ;inc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrial minerals.
,eposits of coal and petroleum in <ndia. 7ational Mineral +olicy. 'onservation and utili;ation of mineral
resources. Marine mineral resources and aw of Sea.
&. Mining Geology: Methods of prospecting%geological, geophysical, geochemical and geo$otanical.
(echniEues of sampling. !stimation of reserves or ore. Methods of e2ploration and mining metallic ores,
industrial minerals, marine mineral resources and $uilding stones. Mineral $eneficiation and ore
dressing.
0. Geocheistry an) En'ironental Geology: 'osmic a$undance of elements. 'omposition of the
planets and meteorites. Structure and composition of !arth and distri$ution of elements. (race
elements. !lements of crystal chemistry%types of chemical $onds, coordination num$er. <somorphism
and polymorphism. !lementary thermodynamics. 7atural ha;ards%floods, mass wasting, costal ha;ards,
earthEua5es and volcanic activity and mitigation. !nvironmental impact of ur$ani;ation, mining,
industrial and radioactive waste disposal, use of fertili;ers, dumping of mine waste and fly ash. +ollution
of ground and surface water, marine pollution. !nvironment protection % legislative measures in <ndia.
Sea level changes: causes and impact.
UPSC CSE Mains Matheatics Syllabus
Paper - I:
617 -inear Algebra: Hector spaces over R and ', linear dependence and independence, su$spaces,
$ases, dimension. inear transformations, ran5 and nullity, matri2 of a linear transformation. Alge$ra of
Matrices. Row and column reduction, !chelon form, congruence/s and similarity. Ran5 of a matri2.
<nverse of a matri2. Solution of system of linear eEuations. !igenvalues and eigenvectors, characteristic
polynomial, 'ayley%"amilton theorem, Symmetric, s5ew%symmetric, "ermitian, s5ew%"ermitian,
orthogonal and unitary matrices and their eigenvalues.
6!7 Calculus: Real num$ers, functions of a real varia$le, limits, continuity, differentia$ility, meanvalue
theorem, (aylor/s theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms, ma2ima and minima, asymptotes.
'urve tracing. >unctions of two or three varia$les: limits, continuity, partial derivatives, ma2ima and
minima, agrange/s method of multipliers, Iaco$ian. Riemann/s definition of definite integrals. <ndefinite
integrals. <nfinite and improper integrals. ,ou$le and triple integrals *evaluation techniEues only-.
Areas, surface and volumes.
6"7 Analytic Geoetry: 'artesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree eEuations
in three varia$les, reduction to canonical forms, straight lines, shortest distance $etween two s5ew lines.
+lane, sphere, cone, cylinder, para$oloid, ellipsoid, hyper$oloid of one and two sheets and their
properties.
6$7 #r)inary 3ifferential E8uations: >ormulation of differential eEuations. !Euations of first order and
first degree, integrating factor. )rthogonal tra4ectory. !Euations of first order $ut not of first degree,
'lairaut/s eEuation, singular solution. Second and higher order linear eEuations with constant
coefficients, complementary function, particular integral and general solution. Second order linear
eEuations with varia$le coefficients, !uler%'auchy eEuation. ,etermination of complete solution when
one solution is 5nown using method of variation of parameters. aplace and <nverse aplace transforms
and their properties. aplace transforms of elementary functions. Application to initial value pro$lems for
2nd order linear eEuations with constant coefficients.
6&7 3ynaics 9 Statics: Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, pro4ectiles.
constrained motion. Bor5 and energy, conservation of energy. ?epler/s laws, or$its under central
forces. !Euili$rium of a system of particles. Bor5 and potential energy, friction. common catenary.
+rinciple of virtual wor5. Sta$ility of eEuili$rium, eEuili$rium of forces in three dimensions.
607 :ector Analysis: Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar varia$le. 0radient,
divergence and curl in cartesian and cylindrical coordinates. "igher order derivatives. Hector identities
and vector eEuations. Application to geometry: 'urves in space, 'urvature and torsion. Serret%>renet/s
formulae. 0auss and Sto5es/ theorems, 0reen/s identities.
Paper - II:
617 Algebra: 0roups, su$groups, cyclic groups, cosets, agrange/s (heorem, normal su$groups,
Euotient groups, homomorphism of groups, $asic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, 'ayley/s
theorem. Rings, su$rings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings. <ntegral domains, principal ideal
domains, !uclidean domains and uniEue factori;ation domains. >ields, Euotient fields.
6!7 *eal Analysis: Real num$er system as an ordered field with least upper $ound property.
SeEuences, limit of a seEuence, 'auchy seEuence, completeness of real line. Series and its
convergence, a$solute and conditional convergence of series of real and comple2 terms,
rearrangement of series. 'ontinuity and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous
functions on compact sets. Riemann integral, improper integrals. >undamental theorems of integral
calculus. @niform convergence, continuity, differentia$ility and integra$ility for seEuences and series of
functions. +artial derivatives of functions of several *two or three- varia$les, ma2ima and minima.
6"7 Cople; Analysis: Analytic functions, 'auchy%Riemann eEuations, 'auchy/s theorem, 'auchy/s
integral formula, power series representation of an analytic function, (aylor/s series. Singularities.
aurent/s series. 'auchy/s residue theorem. 'ontour integration.
6$7 -inear Prograing: inear programming pro$lems, $asic solution, $asic feasi$le solution and
optimal solution. 0raphical method and simple2 method of solutions. ,uality. (ransportation and
assignment pro$lems.
6&7 Partial )ifferential e8uations: >amily of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial
differential eEuations. Solution of Euasilinear partial differential eEuations of the first order, 'auchy/s
method of characteristics. inear partial differential eEuations of the second order with constant
coefficients, canonical form. !Euation of a vi$rating string, heat eEuation, aplace eEuation and their
solutions.
607 <uerical Analysis an) Coputer prograing: 7umerical methods: Solution of alge$raic and
transcendental eEuations of one varia$le $y $isection, Regula%>alsi and 7ewton% Raphson methods.
solution of system of linear eEuations $y 0aussian elimination and 0auss%Iordan *direct-, 0auss%
Seidel*iterative- methods. 7ewton/s *forward and $ac5ward- interpolation, agrange/s interpolation.
7umerical integration: (rape;oidal rule, Simpson/s rules, 0aussian Euadrature formula. 7umerical
solution of ordinary differential eEuations: !uler and Runga ?utta%methods. 'omputer +rogramming:
Binary system. Arithmetic and logical operations on num$ers. )ctal and "e2adecimal systems.
'onversion to and from decimal systems. Alge$ra of $inary num$ers. !lements of computer systems
and concept of memory. Basic logic gates and truth ta$les, Boolean alge$ra, normal forms.
Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, dou$le precision reals and long
integers. Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis pro$lems.
617 Mechanics an) =lui) 3ynaics: 0enerali;ed coordinates. ,/ Alem$ert/s principle and agrange/s
eEuations. "amilton eEuations. Moment of inertia. Motion of rigid $odies in two dimensions. !Euation of
continuity. !uler/s eEuation of motion for inviscid flow. Stream%lines, path of a particle. +otential flow.
(wo%dimensional and a2isymmetric motion. Sources and sin5s, vorte2 motion. 7avier%Sto5es eEuation
for a viscous fluid.
UPSC CSE Mains Psychology Syllabus
Psychology Paper - I
=oun)ations of Psychology
1. Intro)uction: ,efinition of +sychology. "istorical antecedents of +sychology and trends in the 21st
century. +sychology and scientific methods. +sychology in relation to other social sciences and natural
sciences. Application of +sychology to societal pro$lems.
!. Metho)s of Psychology: (ypes of research: ,escriptive, evaluative, diagnostic and prognostic.
Methods of Research: Survey, o$servation, case%study and e2periments. 'haracteristics of
e2perimental design and non%e2perimental de% sign, 3uasi%e2perimental designs. >ocussed group
discussions, $rain storming, grounded theory approach.
". *esearch Metho)s: Ma4or steps in +sychological research *pro$lem statement, hypothesis
formulation, research designs, sampling, tools of data collection, analysis and interpretation and report
writing- >undamental versus applied research. Methods of data collection *interview, o$servation,
Euestionnaire-. Research designs *e2%post facto and e2perimental-. Application of statistical techniEue *t
% test, two way A7)HA correlation, regression and factor analysis-. <tem response theory.
$. 3e'elopent of (uan %eha'iour: 0rowth and development. +rinciples of development, Role of
genetic and environmental factors in determining human $ehaviour. <nfluence of cultural factors in
sociali;ation. ife span development % 'haracteristics, development tas5s, promoting psychological well%
$eing across ma4or stages of the life span.
&. Sensation+ Attention an) Perception: Sensation: concepts of threshold, a$solute and difference
thresholds, signal%detection and vigilance. >actors influencing attention including set and characteristics
of stimulus. ,efinition and concept of perception, $iological factors in perception. +erceptual
organi;ation%influence of past e2periences, perceptual defence%factors influencing space and depth
perception, si;e estimation and perceptual readiness. (he plasticity of perception. !2trasensory
perception. 'ulture and perception, Su$liminal perception.
0. -earning: 'oncept and theories of learning *Behaviourists, 0estaltalist and <nformation processing
models-. (he +rocesses of e2tinction, discrimination and generali;ation. +rogrammed learning,
pro$a$ility learning, self%instructional learning, concepts. (ypes and the schedules of reinforcement,
escape, avoidance and punishment, modeling and social learning.
1. Meory: !ncoding and remem$ering. Short term memory, ong term memory, Sensory memory,
<conic memory, !choic memory: (he Multistore model, levels of processing. )rgani;ation and
Mnemonic techniEues to improve memory. (heories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval
failure: Metamemory. Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.
2. ,hin>ing an) Proble Sol'ing: +iaget/s theory of cognitive development. 'oncept formation
processes. <nformation processing, Reasoning and pro$lem solving, >acilitating and hindering factors in
pro$lem solving, Methods of pro$lem solving: 'reative thin5ing and fostering creativity. >actors
influencing decision ma5ing and 4udgment. Recent trends.
4. Moti'ation an) Eotion: +sychological and physiological $asis of motivation and emotion.
Measurement of motivation and emotion. !ffects of motivation and emotion on $ehaviour. !2trinsic and
intrinsic motivation. >actors influencing intrinsic motivation. !motional competence and the related
issues.
15. Intelligence an) Aptitu)e: 'oncept of intelligence and aptitude, 7ature and theories of intelligence
% Spearman, (hurstone, 0ullford Hernon, Stern$erg and I.+. ,as. !motional <ntelligence, Social
intelligence, measurement of intelligence and aptitudes, concept of <3, deviation <3, constancy of <3.
Measurement of multiple intelligence. >luid intelligence and crystalli;ed intelligence.
11. Personality: ,efinition and concept of personality. (heories of personality *psychoanalytical,
sociocultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic, $ehaviouristic, trait and type approaches-.
Measurement of personality *pro4ective tests, pencil%paper test-. (he <ndian approach to personality.
(raining for personality development. atest approaches li5e $ig 1 factor theory. (he notion of self in
different traditions.
1!. Attitu)es+ :alues an) Interests: ,efinition of attitudes, values and interests. 'omponents of
attitudes. >ormation and maintenance of attitudes. Measurement of attitudes, values and interests.
(heories of attitude change. Strategies for fostering values. >ormation of stereotypes and pre4udices.
'hanging others $ehaviour. (heories of attri$ution. Recent trends.
1". -anguage an) Counication: "uman language % +roperties, structure and linguistic hierarchy,
anguage acEuisition% predisposition, critical period hypothesis. (heories of language development %
S5inner and 'homs5y. +rocess and types of communication % effective communication training.
1$. Issues an) Perspecti'es in Mo)ern Conteporary Psychology: 'omputer application in the
psychological la$oratory and psychological testing. Artificial intelligence. +sychocy$ernetics. Study of
consciousness%sleep%wa5e schedules. dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnoticKdrug induced
states. !2trasensory perception. <ntersensory perception Simulation studies.
Psychology Paper - II
Psychology: Issues an) Applications
1. Psychological Measureent of In)i'i)ual 3ifferences: (he nature of individual differences.
'haracteristics and construction of standardi;ed psychological tests. (ypes of psychological tests. @se,
misuse and limitation of psychological tests. hical issues in the use of psychological tests.
!. Psychological .ell being an) Mental 3isor)ers: 'oncept of health%ill health. +ositive health, well
$eing. 'ausal factors in mental disorders *An2iety disorders, mood disorders, schi;ophrenia and
delusional disorders. personality disorders, su$stance a$use disorders-. >actors influencing positive
health, well $eing, life style and Euality of life. "appiness disposition.
". ,herapeutic Approaches: +sychodynamic therapies. Behaviour therapies. 'lient centered therapy.
'ognitive therapies. <ndigenous therapies *Goga, Meditation-. Bio%feed$ac5 therapy. +revention and
reha$ilitation of the mentally ill. >ostering mental health.
$. ?or> Psychology an) #rganisational %eha'iour: +ersonnel selection and training. @se of
psychological tests in the industry. (raining and human resource development. (heories of wor5
motivation A "er;$erg, Maslow, Adam !Euity theory, +orter and awler, Hroom. eadership and
participatory management. Advertising and mar5eting. Stress and its management. !rgonomics.
consumer psychology. Managerial effectiveness. (ransformational leadership. Sensitivity training.
+ower and politics in organi;ations.
&. Application of Psychology to E)ucational =iel): +sychological principles underlying effective
teaching%learning process. earning styles. 0ifted, retarded, learning disa$led and their training.
(raining for improving memory and $etter academic achievement. +ersonality development and value
education, !ducational, vocational guidance and career counseling. @se of psychological tests in
educational institutions. !ffective strategies in guidance programmes.
0. Counity Psychology: ,efinition and concept of community psychology. @se of small groups in
social action. Arousing community consciousness and action for handling social pro$lems. 0roup
decision ma5ing and leadership for social change. !ffective strategies for social change.
1. *ehabilitation Psychology: +rimary, secondary and tertiary prevention programmes%role of
psychologists. )rganising of services for reha$ilitation of physically, mentally and socially challenged
persons including old persons, Reha$ilitation of persons suffering from su$stance a$use, 4uvenile
delinEuency, criminal $ehaviour. Reha$ilitation of victims of violence, Reha$ilitation of "<HKA<,S victims,
the role of social agencies.
2. Application of Psychology to )isa)'antage) groups: (he concepts of disadvantaged, deprivation.
Social, physical, cultural and economic conseEuences of disadvantaged and deprived groups.
!ducating and motivating the disadvantaged towards development. Relative and prolonged deprivation.
4. Psychological probles of social integration: (he concept of social integration. (he pro$lem of
caste, class, religion and language conflicts and pre4udice. 7ature and manifestation of pre4udice
$etween the in%group and out%group. 'ausal factors of social conflicts and pre4udices. +sychological
strategies for handling the conflicts and pre4udices. Measures to achieve social integration.
15. Application of Psychology in Inforation ,echnology an) Mass Me)ia: (he present scenario of
information technology and the mass media $oom and the role of psychologists. Selection and training
of psychology professionals to wor5 in the field of <( and mass media. ,istance learning through <( and
mass media. !ntrepreneurship through e%commerce. Multilevel mar5eting. <mpact of (H and fostering
value through <( and mass media. +sychological conseEuences of recent developments in <nformation
(echnology.
11. Psychology an) Econoic )e'elopent: Achievement motivation and economic development.
'haracteristics of entrepreneurial $ehaviour. Motivating and training people for entrepreneurship and
economic development. 'onsumer rights and consumer awareness, 0overnment policies for promotion
of entrepreneurship among youth including women entrepreneurs.
1!. Application of psychology to en'ironent an) relate) fiel)s: !nvironmental psychology%effects of
noise, pollution and crowding. +opulation psychology: psychological conseEuences of population
e2plosion and high population density. Motivating for small family norm. <mpact of rapid scientific and
technological growth on degradation of environment.
1". Application of psychology in other fiel)s:
*a- Military +sychology ,evising psychological tests for defence personnel for use in selection, (raining,
counseling. training psychologists to wor5 with defence personnel in promoting positive health. "uman
engineering in defence.
*$- Sports +sychology +sychological interventions in improving performance of athletes and sports.
+ersons participating in <ndividual and (eam 0ames.
*c- Media influences on pro and antisocial $ehaviour.
*d- +sychology of terrorism.
1$. Psychology of Gen)er: <ssues of discrimination, Management of diversity. 0lass ceiling effect, Self
fulfilling prophesy, Bomen and <ndian society.
UPSC CSE Public A)inistration Syllabus
Paper - I
A)inistrati'e ,heory
1. Intro)uction: Meaning, scope and significance of +u$lic Administration. Bilson/s vision of +u$lic
Administration. !volution of the discipline and its present status. 7ew +u$lic Administration. +u$lic
'hoice approach. 'hallenges of li$erali;ation, +rivatisation, 0lo$alisation. 0ood 0overnance: concept
and application. 7ew +u$lic Management.
!. A)inistrati'e ,hought: Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement. 'lassical
(heory. Be$er/s $ureaucratic model A its critiEue and post%Be$erian ,evelopments. ,ynamic
Administration *Mary +ar5er >ollett-. "uman Relations School *!lton Mayo and others-. >unctions of
the !2ecutive *'.<. Barnard-. Simon/s decision%ma5ing theory. +articipative Management *R. i5ert, '.
Argyris, ,. Mc0regor-.
". A)inistrati'e %eha'iour: +rocess and techniEues of decision%ma5ing. 'ommunication. Morale.
Motivation (heories A content, process and contemporary. (heories of eadership: (raditional and
Modern.
$. #rganisations: (heories A systems, contingency. Structure and forms: Ministries and ,epartments,
'orporations, 'ompanies, Boards and 'ommissions. Ad hoc and advisory $odies. "eadEuarters and
>ield relationships. Regulatory Authorities. +u$lic % +rivate +artnerships.
&. Accountability an) control: 'oncepts of accounta$ility and control. egislative, !2ecutive and
Iudicial control over administration. 'iti;en and Administration. Role of media, interest groups, voluntary
organi;ations. 'ivil society.'iti;en/s 'harters. Right to <nformation. Social audit.
0. A)inistrati'e -a.: Meaning, scope and significance. ,icey on Administrative law. ,elegated
legislation. Administrative (ri$unals.
1. Coparati'e Public A)inistration: "istorical and sociological factors affecting administrative
systems. Administration and politics in different countries. 'urrent status of 'omparative +u$lic
Administration. !cology and administration. Riggsian models and their critiEue.
2. 3e'elopent 3ynaics: 'oncept of development. 'hanging profile of development administration.
LAntidevelopment thesis/. Bureaucracy and development. Strong state versus the mar5et de$ate. <mpact
of li$eralisation on administration in developing countries. Bomen and development % the self%help
group movement.
4. Personnel A)inistration: <mportance of human resource development. Recruitment, training,
career advancement, position classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pay and
service conditions. employer%employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism. 'ode of conduct.
Administrative ethics.
15. Public Policy: Models of policy%ma5ing and their critiEue. +rocesses of conceptualisation, planning,
implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review and their limitations. State theories and pu$lic policy
formulation.
11. ,echni8ues of A)inistrati'e Ipro'eent: )rganisation and methods, Bor5 study and wor5
management. e%governance and information technology. Management aid tools li5e networ5 analysis,
M<S, +!R(, '+M.
1!. =inancial A)inistration: Monetary and fiscal policies. +u$lic $orrowings and pu$lic de$t Budgets %
types and forms. Budgetary process. >inancial accounta$ility. Accounts and audit.
Paper - II
In)ian A)inistration
1. E'olution of In)ian A)inistration: ?autilya/s Arthashastra. Mughal administration. egacy of British
rule in politics and administration % <ndiani;ation of pu$lic services, revenue administration, district
administration, local self%government.
!. Philosophical an) Constitutional frae.or> of go'ernent: Salient features and value premises.
'onstitutionalism. +olitical culture. Bureaucracy and democracy. Bureaucracy and development.
". Public Sector Un)erta>ings: +u$lic sector in modern <ndia. >orms of +u$lic Sector @nderta5ings.
+ro$lems of autonomy, accounta$ility and control. <mpact of li$erali;ation and privati;ation.
$. Union Go'ernent an) A)inistration: !2ecutive, +arliament, Iudiciary % structure, functions, wor5
processes. Recent trends. <ntragovernmental relations. 'a$inet Secretariat. +rime Minister/s )ffice.
'entral Secretariat. Ministries and ,epartments. Boards. 'ommissions. Attached offices. >ield
organi;ations.
&. Plans an) Priorities: Machinery of planning. Role, composition and functions of the +lanning
'ommission and the 7ational ,evelopment 'ouncil. L<ndicative/ planning. +rocess of plan formulation at
@nion and State levels. 'onstitutional Amendments *1CC2- and decentrali;ed planning for economic
development and social 4ustice.
0. State Go'ernent an) A)inistration: @nion%State administrative, legislative and financial
relations. Role of the >inance 'ommission. 0overnor. 'hief Minister. 'ouncil of Ministers. 'hief
Secretary. State Secretariat. ,irectorates.
1. 3istrict A)inistration since In)epen)ence: 'hanging role of the 'ollector. @nionstate% local
relations. <mperatives of development management and law and order administration. ,istrict
administration and democratic decentrali;ation.
2. Ci'il Ser'ices: 'onstitutional position. Structure, recruitment, training and capacity%$uilding. 0ood
governance initiatives. 'ode of conduct and discipline. Staff associations. +olitical rights. 0rievance
redressal mechanism. 'ivil service neutrality. 'ivil service activism.
4. =inancial Manageent: Budget as a political instrument. +arliamentary control of pu$lic e2penditure.
Role of finance ministry in monetary and fiscal area. Accounting techniEues. Audit. Role of 'ontroller
0eneral of Accounts and 'omptroller and Auditor 0eneral of <ndia.
15. A)inistrati'e *efors since In)epen)ence: Ma4or concerns. <mportant 'ommittees and
'ommissions. Reforms in financial management and human resource development. +ro$lems of
implementation.
11. *ural 3e'elopent: <nstitutions and agencies since independence. Rural development
programmes: foci and strategies. ,ecentrali;ation and +anchayati Ra4. 9#rd 'onstitutional amendment.
1!. Urban -ocal Go'ernent: Municipal governance: main features, structures, finance and pro$lem
areas. 9&th 'onstitutional Amendment. 0lo$allocal de$ate. 7ew localism. ,evelopment dynamics,
politics and administration with special reference to city management.
1". -a. an) #r)er A)inistration: British legacy. 7ational +olice 'ommission. <nvestigative agencies.
Role of central and state agencies including paramilitary forces in maintenance of law and order and
countering insurgency and terrorism. 'riminalisation of politics and administration. +olice% pu$lic
relations. Reforms in +olice.
1$. Significant issues in In)ian A)inistration: Halues in pu$lic service. Regulatory 'ommissions.
7ational "uman Rights 'ommission. +ro$lems of administration in coalition regimes. 'iti;en%
administration interface. 'orruption and administration. ,isaster management.
UPSC CSE Mains Sociology Syllabus
Paper - I: Sociology Syllabus
=U<3AME<,A-S #= S#CI#-#G@
1. Sociology - ,he 3iscipline:
*a- Modernity and social changes in !urope and emergence of sociology.
*$- Scope of the su$4ect and comparison with other social sciences.
*c- Sociology and common sense.
!. Sociology as Science:
*a- Science, scientific method and critiEue.
*$- Ma4or theoretical strands of research methodology.
*c- +ositivism and its critiEue.
*d- >act value and o$4ectivity.
*e- 7on% positivist methodologies.
". *esearch Metho)s an) Analysis:
*a- 3ualitative and Euantitative methods.
*$- (echniEues of data collection.
*c- Haria$les, sampling, hypothesis, relia$ility and validity.
$. Sociological ,hin>ers:
*a- ?arl Mar2% "istorical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.
*$- !mile ,ur5heim% ,ivision of la$our, social fact, suicide, religion and society.
*c- Ma2 Be$er% Social action, ideal types, authority, $ureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of
capitalism.
*d- (alcolt +arsons% Social system, pattern varia$les.
*e- Ro$ert ?. Merton% atent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups.
*f- Mead % Self and identity.
&. Stratification an) Mobility:
*a- 'oncepts% eEuality, ineEuality, hierarchy, e2clusion, poverty and deprivation.
*$- (heories of social stratification% Structural functionalist theory, Mar2ist theory, Be$erian theory.
*c- ,imensions A Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.
*d- Social mo$ility% open and closed systems, types of mo$ility, sources and causes of mo$ility.
0. ?or>s an) Econoic -ife:
*a- Social organi;ation of wor5 in different types of society% slave society, feudal society, industrial
Kcapitalist society.
*$- >ormal and informal organi;ation of wor5.
*c- a$our and society.
1. Politics an) Society:
*a- Sociological theories of power.
*$- +ower elite, $ureaucracy, pressure groups, and political parties.
*c- 7ation, state, citi;enship, democracy, civil society, ideology.
*d- +rotest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.
2. *eligion an) Society:
*a- Sociological theories of religion.
*$- (ypes of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.
*c- Religion in modern society: religion and science, seculari;ation, religious revivalism,
fundamentalism.
4. Systes of Ainship:
*a- >amily, household, marriage.
*$- (ypes and forms of family.
*c- ineage and descent.
*d- +atriarchy and se2ual division of la$our.
*e- 'ontemporary trends.
15. Social Change in Mo)ern Society:
*a- Sociological theories of social change.
*$- ,evelopment and dependency.
*c- Agents of social change.
*d- !ducation and social change.
*e- Science, technology and social change.
Paper - II: Sociology Syllabus
I<3IA< S#CIE,@: S,*UC,U*E A<3 C(A<GE
A. Intro)ucing In)ian Society:
*i- +erspectives on the study of <ndian society:
*a- <ndology *0S. 0hurye-.
*$- Structural functionalism *M 7 Srinivas-.
*c- Mar2ist sociology *A R ,esai-.
*ii- <mpact of colonial rule on <ndian society:
*a- Social $ac5ground of <ndian nationalism.
*$- Moderni;ation of <ndian tradition.
*c- +rotests and movements during the colonial period.
*d- Social reforms.
%. Social Structure:
*i- Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:
*a- (he idea of <ndian village and village studies.
*$- Agrarian social structure % evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.
*ii- 'aste System:
*a- +erspectives on the study of caste systems: 0S 0hurye, M 7 Srinivas, ouis ,umont, Andre
Beteille.
*$- >eatures of caste system.
*c- @ntoucha$ility % forms and perspectives.
*iii- (ri$al communities in <ndia:
*a- ,efinitional pro$lems.
*$- 0eographical spread.
*c- 'olonial policies and tri$es.
*d- <ssues of integration and autonomy.
*iv- Social 'lasses in <ndia:
*a- Agrarian class structure.
*$- <ndustrial class structure.
*c- Middle classes in <ndia.
*v- Systems of ?inship in <ndia:
*a- ineage and descent in <ndia.
*$- (ypes of 5inship systems.
*c- >amily and marriage in <ndia.
*d- "ousehold dimensions of the family.
*e- +atriarchy, entitlements and se2ual division of la$our.
*vi- Religion and Society:
*a- Religious communities in <ndia.
*$- +ro$lems of religious minorities.
C. Social Changes in In)ia:
*i- Hisions of Social 'hange in <ndia:
*a- <dea of development planning and mi2ed economy.
*$- 'onstitution, law and social change.
*c- !ducation and social change.
*ii- Rural and Agrarian transformation in <ndia:
*a- +rogrammes of rural development, 'ommunity ,evelopment +rogramme, cooperatives, poverty
alleviation schemes.
*$- 0reen revolution and social change.
*c- 'hanging modes of production in <ndian agriculture .
*d- +ro$lems of rural la$our, $ondage, migration.
*iii- <ndustriali;ation and @r$anisation in <ndia:
*a- !volution of modern industry in <ndia.
*$- 0rowth of ur$an settlements in <ndia.
*c- Bor5ing class: structure, growth, class mo$ili;ation.
*d- <nformal sector, child la$our.
*e- Slums and deprivation in ur$an areas.
*iv- +olitics and Society:
*a- 7ation, democracy and citi;enship.
*$- +olitical parties, pressure groups , social and political elite.
*c- Regionalism and decentrali;ation of power.
*d- Seculari;ation
*v- Social Movements in Modern <ndia:
*a- +easants and farmers movements.
*$- Bomen/s movement.
*c- Bac5ward classes M ,alit movement.
*d- !nvironmental movements.
*e- !thnicity and <dentity movements.
*vi- +opulation ,ynamics:
*a- +opulation si;e, growth, composition and distri$ution.
*$- 'omponents of population growth: $irth, death, migration.
*c- +opulation policy and family planning.
*d- !merging issues: ageing, se2 ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.
*vii- 'hallenges of Social (ransformation:
*a- 'risis of development: displacement, environmental pro$lems and sustaina$ility.
*$- +overty, deprivation and ineEualities.
*c- Hiolence against women.
*d- 'aste conflicts.
*e- !thnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.
*f- <lliteracy and disparities in education.
UPSC CSE Mains Philosophy Syllabus
Paper - I
(istory an) Probles of Philosophy:
1. +lato and Aristotle: <deas. Su$stance. >orm and Matter. 'ausation. Actuality and +otentiality.
2. Rationalism *,escartes, Spino;a, ei$ni;-: 'artesian Method and 'ertain ?nowledge. Su$stance.
0od. Mind%Body ,ualism. ,eterminism and >reedom.
#. !mpiricism *oc5e, Ber5eley, "ume-: (heory of ?nowledge. Su$stance and 3ualities. Self and 0od.
Scepticism.
&. ?ant: +ossi$ility of Synthetic a priori Iudgments. Space and (ime. 'ategories. <deas of Reason.
Antinomies. 'ritiEue of +roofs for the !2istence of 0od
1. "egel: ,ialectical Method. A$solute <dealism
6. Moore, Russell and !arly Bittgenstein: ,efence of 'ommonsense. Refutation of <dealism. ogical
Atomism. ogical 'onstructions. <ncomplete Sym$ols. +icture (heory of Meaning. Saying and Showing.
9. ogical +ositivism: Herification (heory of Meaning. Re4ection of Metaphysics. inguistic (heory of
7ecessary +ropositions.
:. ater Bittgenstein: Meaning and @se. anguage% games. 'ritiEue of +rivate anguage.
C. +henomenology *"usserl-: Method. (heory of !ssences. Avoidance of +sychologism.
1D. !2istentialism *?ier5egaard, Sartre, "eidegger-: !2istence and !ssence. 'hoice, Responsi$ility and
Authentic !2istence. Being%in%the Aworld and (emporality.
11. 3uine and Strawson: 'ritiEue of !mpiricism. (heory of Basic +articulars and +ersons.
12. 'arva5a : (heory of ?nowledge. Re4ection of (ranscendent !ntities.
1#. Iainism: (heory of Reality. Sapta$haNginaya. Bondage and i$eration.
1&. Schools of Buddhism: +ratOtyasamutpada. ?sani5avada, 7airatmyavada
11. 7yaya% HaiPesi5a: (heory of 'ategories. (heory of Appearance. (heory of +ramana. Self,
i$eration. 0od. +roofs for the !2istence of 0od. (heory of 'ausation. Atomistic (heory of 'reation.
16. Sam5hya: +ra5rti. +urusa. 'ausation. i$eration
19. Goga: 'itta. 'ittavrtti. ?lesas. Samadhi. ?aivalya.
1:. Mimamsa: (heory of ?nowledge
1C. Schools of Hedanta: Brahman. QPvara. Atman. Iiva. Iagat. Maya. Avidya. Adhyasa. Mo5sa.
Aprtha5siddhi. +ancavidha$heda
2D. Auro$indo: !volution, <nvolution. <ntegral Goga.
Paper / II
Socio-Political Philosophy:
1. Social and +olitical <deals: !Euality, Iustice, i$erty.
2. Sovereignty: Austin, Bodin, as5i, ?autilya.
#. <ndividual and State: Rights. ,uties and Accounta$ility
&. >orms of 0overnment: Monarchy. (heocracy and ,emocracy.
1. +olitical <deologies: Anarchism. Mar2ism and Socialism
6. "umanism. Secularism. Multiculturalism.
9. 'rime and +unishment: 'orruption, Mass Hiolence, 0enocide, 'apital +unishment.
:. ,evelopment and Social +rogress.
C. 0ender ,iscrimination: >emale >oeticide, and and +roperty Rights. !mpowernment.
1D. 'aste ,iscrimination: 0andhi and Am$ed5ar
Philosophy of *eligion:
1. 7otions of 0od: Attri$utes. Relation to Man and the Borld. *<ndian and Bestern-.
2. +roofs for the !2istence of 0od and their 'ritiEue *<ndian and Bestern-.
#. +ro$lem of !vil.
&. Soul: <mmortality. Re$irth and i$eration.
1. Reason, Revelation and >aith.
6. Religious !2perience: 7ature and )$4ect *<ndian and Bestern-.
9. Religion without 0od.
:. Religion and Morality.
C. Religious +luralism and the +ro$lem of A$solute (ruth.
1D. 7ature of Religious anguage: Analogical and Sym$olic. 'ognitivist and 7oncognitive.