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1 2
.
2
U
kT
unloading (LU). Note that the adaptation to the
conditions of the stepped mode of measurement of the
ADIF curves occurs in the entire range of deformation
amplitudes; each previous LU cycle changes the
shape and the opening of the next loop upon the
increase in the deformation amplitude. The closed con
tours of the arising amplitude dependence of the IF at
the deformation amplitudes below 4 10
4
suggest the
possibility of oscillations of dislocation loops within the
string model; at larger amplitudes, an opening of the
LU loops takes place and a residual microdeforma
tion (zero drift) after the unloading is observed.
As a criterion of the applicability of this or that
model for the description of the experimental ADIF
curve, we assumed the linearization of the curve (or
some its part) in the coordinates adopted in the model.
The occurrence of a linearization was checked by con
structing curves of the derivatives of the functions. The
derivatives were calculated using three nearest points
in terms of the parabolic approximation and double
smoothing.
It is seen that none of the models under consider
ation provides a linearization in the corresponding
coordinates in the entire range of deformation ampli
tudes studied. With increasing deformation ampli
tude, a twostage mechanism of the manifestation of
anelasticity is developed in graphite. At the first stage,
up to the amplitudes
cr2
~ 2 10
4
, the mechanism of
the manifestation of the anelastic reversible oscilla
tions of dislocations as in the model of an edgefixed
string is confirmed by the values of the derivatives of
the corresponding curves (Fig. 2a). At the amplitudes
exceeding
cr2
, a more probable model is that based on
the breakaway of moving dislocations from related
impurity atmospheres and on the overcoming of the
shortrange and longrange obstacles in the slip plane
in the field of the applied stresses (Fig. 2b). The vis
cous motion of dislocations and the structural rear
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.0016 0.0012 0.0008 0.0004 0
Graphite
1st measurement
2nd measurement
3rd measurement
4th measurement
1
2
3
4
1
Q
n
1
Q
1 () (b)
Fig. 3. (a) ADIF curves of graphite and cast irons of different grades (SChf, SChp, SChm) and (b) ADIF curves of the cast irons
on the ferrite and pearlite base with subtraction of the ADIF values of graphite.
720
THE PHYSICS OF METALS AND METALLOGRAPHY Vol. 113 No. 7 2012
GOLOVIN
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