Bang Tinh Can Bang Vat Chat

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Enviro-Mastered Calculation Program (ENMAS) 1
Wastewater characteristics:
Parameters Unit Value
1 Flow rate m
3
.day 4,000.0
2 Influent BOD g/m
3
120.0
3 Influent sBOD (Assumed 70% BOD) g/m
3
84.0
4 Influent COD g/m
3
216.0
5 Influent sCOD (Assume 70% COD) g/m
3
151.2
6 Influent TSS g/m
3
135.0
7 Influent VSS (Assumed 85% TSS) g/m
3
114.8
8 Nitrogen g/m
3
96.0
9 NH
4
-N
g/m
3
80.0
10 Total P g/m
3
39.0
12 pH 6.8
13 Alk (Assumed) g/m
3
as CaCO
3
150.0
15 Summer wastewater temperature
o
C 25.0
16 Autumn wastewater temperature
o
C 20.0
17 BOD:N:P ratio 100/80/32.5
I. CALCULATION OF EQUALIZATION BASIN, B-101
Conditions and assumption for design:
1 Daily flow rate Q 4,000 (m
3
/d)
2 Working time per day T
d
24 (h)
3 Irregular factor (Assume) F
i
2
4 Average hourly flow rate Q
(aver)
166.7
(m
3
/h)
5 Peak flow rate Q
(peak)
333.3
(m
3
/h)
6 Hydraulic retention time with average hourly flow rate 8 (h)
7 Type of turbulane by mixing
Turbulancing intensity (not less than ) 6 (W/m
3
wastewater)
8 Expected performance for BOD removal 5 %
9 Expected performance for COD removal 3 %
Solution:
a. Determine the volume of equalization basin, V
(B-101)
V
(B-101)
=
Q(aver) (m
3
/h)
* (h)
= 166.7 (m
3
/h) * 8 (h)
= 1,333.3 (m
3
)
Designed actual volume of equalization basin = 1,800.0 (m
3
)
1,800.0 (m
3
) versus 1,333.3 (m
3
), there is about 35.00 %
bigger than volume as required.
Assesssing the designed value: Satisfied
b. Determine the concentration of organics in effluent of equalization basin
Effluent BOD concentration, S
(BOD)
= 114
(g/m
3
)
Effluent COD concentration, S
(COD)
= 210
(g/m
3
)
c. Determine the mixing power for equalization basin
Mixing power = 6 (W/m3wastewater) * V(B-102) (m
3
)
= 8,000 (W)
Designed values of mixer:
MASS BALANCE CALCULATION FOR WWTP OF FOCOCEV QUANG NAM
Comparing
Project: WWTP of FOCOCEV Quangnam Copyright2014 WASEN. All rights reserved
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Mixing volume : 1,000 (m
3
)
Motor capacity : 5.6 (kW)
Quantity : 2 (pieces)
Operation : 1 duty, 1 stand-by
II. CALCULATION OF CMAS PROCESS (Complete Mixed Activated Sludge)
Concentration of pollutants go into CMAS process are as follows:
Parameters
1 Flow rate 4,000 m
3
.day 4000 m
3
.day
2 BOD5 120.0 (g/m
3
) 50.0 (g/m
3
)
3 sBOD (Assume 70% BOD) 84.0 (g/m
3
) (g/m
3
)
4 COD 216 (g/m
3
) 150.0 (g/m
3
)
5 bCOD/BOD ratio 1.6 Unitless Unitless
6 sCOD (Assume 70%COD) 151.2 (g/m
3
) (g/m
3
)
7 rbCOD (30% sCOD) 45.4 (g/m
3
) (g/m
3
)
8 TSS 135 (g/m
3
) 20 (g/m
3
)
9 VSS (85%TSS) 115 (g/m
3
) (g/m
3
)
10 TKN 96.0 (g/m
3
) 60 (g/m
3
)
11 NH
4
-N 80.0
(g/m
3
)
10
(g/m
3
)
12 Total P 39.0 (g/m
3
) 6 (g/m
3
)
13 pH 7-7.5 7-7.5
14 Alk (Assumed) 150 (g/m
3
as CaCO3) 80 (g/m
3
as CaCO3)
15 Summer wastewater temperature
o
C 25.0
16 Autumn wastewater temperature
o
C 20.0
17 BOD:N:P ratio = 100/80/32
Kinetic coefficients for design:
For heterotrophic bacteria at 20
o
C
m, 20oC
= 6.00 (g VSS/g VSS.d)
K
s, 20oC
= 20.00
(g bCOD/m
3
)
Y = 0.40 (g VSS/g bCOD)
k
d, 20oC
f
d
= 0.15
For nitrifying bacteria at 20
o
C
nm, 20oC
K
n, 20oC
= 0.74 (g NH
4
-N/m
3
)
Y
n
= 0.12 (g VSS/g NO
x
)
k
dn, 20oC
K
o, 20oC
= 0.50
(g/m
3
)
Solution:
1. Develop wastewater characteristics needed for process design
a. Determine the S
o
= bCOD (biodegradable COD) in influent of CMAS) by the following Equation:
bCOD = 1.6 BOD = 192 (g/m
3
)
b. Find nbCOD using Equation:
COD = bCOD + nbCOD
nbCOD = COD - bCOD
= 216 - 192 = 24 (g/m
3
)
bCOD = sbCOD + rbCOD
30 % sCOD = 45.4 (g/m
3
) Assume that, rbCOD =
Outlet Inlet
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sbCOD = bCOD - rbCOD = 147 (g/m
3
)
c. Determine the nbVSS by the following Equation:
nbVSS = [1-(bpCOD/pCOD)]VSS
Determine the bpCOD/pCOD ratio by the following Equation:
bpCOD (bCOD/BOD) * (BOD-sBOD)
pCOD
bpCOD 1.6 * 36
pCOD 65
nbVSS = 12.75 (g/m
3
)
d. Determine iTSS (Inert Total Suspended Solid)
iTSS = TSS
o
- VSS
o
= 135 - 114.8 = 20.3 (g/m
3
)
2. Determine the Maximum specific growth rate of nitrifying bacteria
mn
*N DO
(K
n
+ N) (K
o
+ DO)
Substitute the above and given values and solve for
n
10
(g/m
3
)
DO = 3 (g/m
3
)

n
= 0.51 * 0.86 - 0.08
n
= 0.36 (g/g.d)
3. Determine the theoretical and design SRT
a. Find theoretical SRT by using Equation:
1
n
b. Determine the design SRT by the following Equation:
SF = TKN peak/TKN average = 2 (Safety factor)
Design SRT = (SF) * (theoretical SRT) = 5.6 (d)
4. Determine biomass production by the following Equation, Parts A, B, C
Determine S from the following Equation:
33.4
31.76
Assume NO
x
= 80% (TKN) as nitrogen balance can not be done yet. The eeror in assuming that NO
x
= 80% (TKN)
is small as the nitrifier VSS yield is a small fraction of total MLVSS concentration.
NO
x
= 76.8
(g/m
3
) or
0.077
(kg/m
3
)
1 + (k
dn
)SRT
Part A
N = (NH
4
-N)
e
=
n
= * -
+
(d)
QY
n
(NO
x
)
=
(COD-sCOD)
=
S =
K
s
[1 + (k
d
)SRT]
1 + (k
d
)SRT
(f
d
)(k
d
)Q(Y)(S
o
-S)SRT
=
QY(S
o
-S)
0.89
k
dn
=
1 + (k
d
)SRT
Part B
+
S =
K
s
[1 + (k
d
)SRT]
=
SRT(
m
- k
d
) - 1 SRT(Yk - k
d
) - 1
SRT = = 2.79
P
x,bio
=
Part C
(g/m
3
)
1.05
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P
x,bio
= Part A + Part B + Part C = 226.96 (kg/d)
5. Determine the amount of nitrogen oxidized to nitrate. The amount of nitrogen oxidized to nitrate
can be found by performing a nitrogen balance, using the folowing Equation:
NO
x
= TKN
o
- N
e
-
NO
x
= 96.0 - 10 -
NO
x
= 79.19
(g/m
3
) or
= 0.079
(kg/m
3
)
Where: NO
x
:
Nitrogen oxidized, g/m
3
TKN
o
: Influent TKN concentration = 96.00
(g/m
3
)
N
e
: Effluent NH
4
-N concentration = 10
(g/m
3
)
6. Determine the concentration and mass of VSS and TSS in the aeration basin
Mass = P
X
(SRT)
a. Calculate the concentration of VSS and TSS in the aerarion basin
(i). Px,vss can be determined by the following Equation. Part A, B, and C have already been calculated
above as P
x,bio
. Part D must be added to determine P
x,vss
P
X,VSS
= P
x,bio
+ Q(nbVSS) = 278 (kg/d)
(ii). P
X,TSS
can be determined by the following Equation, with the term E added to account for inert
influent TSS
P
x,bio
0.85
Parts (A+B+C) Part D
P
X,TSS
= 267.01 + 51.00 + 81
P
X,TSS
= 399.01 (kg/d)
b. Calculate the mass of VSS & TSS in the aeration basin by the folllowing Equations:
(i). Mass of MLVSS
= 1,548.74 (kg)
(ii). Mass of MLSS
= 2,223.22 (kg)
7. Select a design MLSS mass concentration and determine the aeration basin volume and detention time,
using the TSS mass computerd in Step 6
Part C =
1 + (k
dn
)SRT
Part A =
QY(S
o
-S)
Part E
P
X,TSS
=
1 + (k
d
)SRT
(f
d
)(k
d
)Q(Y)(S
o
-S)SRT
+
Part B =
1 + (k
d
)SRT
(kg/d)
Q(TSS
o
- VSS
o
)
(kg/d) 25.5
6.81
Q(nbVSS)
(X
TSS
)(V) = (P
X,TSS
)SRT
(X
VSS)
(V) = (P
X,VSS
)SRT
=
0.12 P
x,bio
/Q
= 18.36
183.10 (kg/d)
=
QY
n
(NO
x
)
+
E
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M
A
S
a. Determine the aeration basin volume using the relationship from Step 6b
= 2,223.22 (kg)
= 2.5
(kg/m
3
)
= 889.29
(m
3
)
b. Determine the aeration basin retention time
V*24 (h/d)
Q
c. Determine MLVSS
= 0.70
= 1.7
(kg/m
3
)
8. Determine F/M and BOD volumetric loading
a. Determine F/M by the following Equation:
QS
o
(g BOD)
(X
vss
)V (g MLVSS.d)
b. Detemine volumetric BOD loading using the following Equation:
QS
o
(kg BOD)
V (m
3
.d)
9. Determine the observed yield based on the TSS and VSS
Y
obs,TSS
= g TSS/g COD = kg TSS/kg COD
P
X,TSS
= 399.01 (kg/d)
COD removed = Q(S
o
-S) 764 (kg/d)
a. Observed yield based on TSS
Y
obs, TSS
= 0.52 (g TSS/g bCOD)
0.84 (g TSS/g BOD)
b. Observed yield based on VSS
Fraction VSS = 0.70
Y
obs,VSS
= Y
obs,TSS
* Fraction VSS = 0.36 (g VSS/g bCOD)
0.58 (g VSS/ g BOD)
10. Calculate the Oxygen demand using the following Equation:
a. Determine the Theoretical Oxygen Requirement (TOR) =R
o
) by the following Equation:
R
o
= Q(S
o
- S) - 1.42P
x,bio
+ 4.33Q(NO
x
) = 1,771.69 (kg/d) or 73.82 (kg/h)
Oxygen credit = 14.89 (kg/h) (See from Step III-8)
= 58.93 (kg/h)
b. Determine the Actual Oxygen Requirement (AOR) by the following Equation:
Where: AOR = Actual Oxygen Requirement under fiel condition, kg O
2
/h
Theoretical Oxygen Requirement, kg O
2
/h
Fraction VSS
(V)(X
TSS
)
At MLSS = X
TSS
=
(g/g.d)
(h)
= 0.31
5.34 =
F/M =
MLVSS = X
VSS
(1.024)
(20-T)
0.54 (kg BOD/m
3
.d)
* TOR
C
s,20
L
org
= =
TOR = R
o
=
Net oxygen required
V
(aeration basin)
F(C
s,T,H
-C
L
)
AOR = *
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A
S
= Oxygen transfer correction factor for waste (Aquaturbo surface aerator): = 0.95
= Salinity-surface tension correction factor, typically = 0.95
F = Fouling factor, typically = 0.65-0.9. = 1
T = Operating temperature,
o
C. 25
o
C (Summer time)
H = Atmosphere (standard): = 1 atm = 1.0133 * 10
2
(kPa)
= 101.33 (kPa)
C
s,20
= Dissolve oxygen saturation concentration in clean water at 20oC and 1 atm, mg/L
= 9.08 (mg/L)
C
s,T,H
= Average dissolved oxygen saturation concentration in clean water in aeration tank
at temperature T and altitude H, mg/L
C
s,T,H
= Oxygen saturation concentration in clean water at temperature T and altitude H, mg/L
C
s,25
= 8.24 (mg/L)
C
L
= Operating oxygen concentration, mg/L. Chosen value: C
L
= 2 (mg/L)
Solving the above Equation for AOR:
AOR = 58.93 * 1.640 * 0.822
AOR = 79.44 (kg/h)
Choosing the technical data of floating aerator
Type: Screw impeller floating aerator
Model: AER-AS-7500-24
Motor power: 75 kW
Oxygen capacity: 82.5 kg O
2
/h
Quantity: 1 piece
In the case of using air blowers and tube diffusers:
= Oxygen transfer correction factor for waste. For diffuser: = 0.65
= Salinity-surface tension correction factor, typically = 0.95
F = Fouling factor, typically = 0.65-0.9. = 0.9
Solving the above Equation for AOR:
AOR = 58.93 * 2.66 * 0.822
AOR = 129.01 (kg/h)
c. Determine the air flow rate
Air flow rate can be determine by the following equation
Where: E = Fine bubble diffuser with an aeration clean water oxygen transfer efficiency
E = 25 % at a 4.5 m depth and 15 m
3
/h/tube air flow rate
d
a
= density of air at 30
o
C
0.21 = percentage of oxygen in the air
(i). Determine the density of air d
a
at 30
o
C
PM
RT
Where: P = Atmospheric pressure = 1.01325*10
5
(N/m
2
)
M = Mole of air = 28.97 (kg/kg-mole)
R = Universal gas constant = 8314 (N*m/kg-mole*K)
T = Air temperature, K = (273.15 +
o
C)
Solving the above equation for d
a
1.01325 * 100,000 * 28.97
8314 * 303.15
d
a
=
Note: For diffuser, F
d
a
=
AOR (kg/h)
[(E)(60 min/h)(0.21*d
a
(kg/m
3
)]
Air flow rate, m
3
/h =
Note: For surface aerator, F
E
N
M
A
S
= 1.165 (kg/m3)
(ii). Determine the air flow rate
= 35.16 (m
3
/min)
Choosing the technical data of air blowers
Type: Roots air blower
Model: BE-200H (ANLET manufacturer)
Motor power: 45 kW
Air flow rate: 35.6 m
3
/min
Quantity: 2 pieces
Operation: 1 duty, 1 stand-by
11. Check alkalinity
a. Prepare an alkalinity balance
Alklinity to maintain pH 7 =Influent Alk - Alk used +
Influent alkalinity = 150 (g/m
3
as CaCO
3
)
Amount of nitrogen converted to nitrate: NO
x
= 79.19
(g/m
3
)
Alkalinity used for nitrification = 7.14 (g CaCO
3
/g NH
4
-N) x NO
x
(g/m
3
)
= 565.43 (g/m
3
used as CaCO
3
)
b. Substitute known values and solve for alkalinity needed.
Residual alkalinity concentration needed to maintain pH in the range of 6.8-7.0 = 70-80 (g/m
3
as CaCO
3
)
Select : 80 (g/m
3
)
80 (g/m
3
) = Influent Alk - Alk used + Alk to be added
80 (g/m
3
) = 150 - 565.4 + Alk to be added
495.43 (g/m
3
as CaCO
3
)
1,981.70 (kg/d as CaCO
3
)
c. Determine the alkalinity needed as NaOH
= 50 (g/equivalent)
= 40 (g/equivalent)
1,981.70 (kg/d CaCO
3
) * 40 (g NaOH/eq)
50 (g CaCO
3
/eq)
1,585.36 (kg/d NaOH)
12. Estimate effluent soluble BOD (sBOD
e
)
(g BOD) (0.85 g VSS)
(1.42 g VSS) (g TSS)
(g BOD) (0.85 g VSS)
(1.42 g VSS) (g TSS)
sBOD
e
= 50.0 - 0.7 * 0.85 *
sBOD
e
= 38.03
(g/m
3
)
20
(g/m
3
)
13. Determine nutrient removal
Equivalent weight of CaCO
3
Equivalent weight of NaOH
Alk to be added =
Equivalent to
NaOH needed =
(BOD
5
)
e
NaOH needed =
(BOD
5
)
e
=
sBOD
e
= *
sBOD
e
*
-
+
(m
3
/h)
=
AOR (kg/h)
2,109.85
TSS
e
(g/m
3
)
TSS
e
(g/m
3
)
20
Alk to be added
*
Assume TSS
e
=
*
Air flow rate, m
3
/h =
[(E)(60 min/h)(0.21*d
a
(kg/m
3
)]
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Biomass produced (P
x,bio
) in the CMAS process = 226.96 (kg VSS/d)
a. Determine the amount of Nitogen removed by biomass
Nitrogen requirement to synthesis the biomass equals 12.0 % of biomass produced
P
x,bio
* 0.12 (kg/kg)
= 27.2 (kg/d)
b. Determine the amount of Phosphorous removed by biomass
Conditions for design:
1 Phosphorous content of Phosphorous Accumulating Organisms (PAOs) = 0.3 (kg P/kg VSS)
2 Phosphorous content of other bacteria, 0.024 (kg P/kg VSS)
b1. Determine phosphorous removed by PAOs due to the fermentation of the 0.045 (kg rbCOD/m
3
)
in the wastewater influent.
(i). Determine biomass produced by the following Equation, neglecting cell debris
QY
1 + (k
d
)SRT
1,600.00
1.67
(ii). Determine the phosphorous removed by PAOs
P removed = 0.3 (kg P/kg VSS) * 43.49 (kgVSS/d)
= 13.0 (kg P/d)
b2. Determine phosphorous removed by other bacteria
(i). Determine biomass produced by the following Equation, neglecting cell debris
QY
1 + (k
d
)SRT
1,600.00
1.67
(ii). Determine the phosphorous removed by other bacteria
P removed = 0.024 (kg P/kg VSS) * 140.61 (kgVSS/d)
= 3.4 (kg P/d)
b3. Determine total phosphorous removed by bacteria
13.0 (kg/d) + 3.4 (kg/d)
= 16.42 (kg/d)
Influent nutrients:
TKN = 96.00 (g/m
3
) * Q (m
3
/d)
= 96.00 (g/m
3
) * 4,000 (m
3
/d)
= 384,000 (g/d) or 384 (kg/d)
TP = 39.0 (g/m
3
) * Q (m
3
/d)
= 39.0 (g/m
3
) * 4,000 (m
3
/d)
= 156,000 (g/d) or 156 (kg/d)
TKN influent (kg/d) - TKN used (kg/d)
= 384.0 (kg/d) - 27.2 (kg/d)
= 356.77 (kg/d), equivalent to 89.2 (g/m
3
)
TP influent (kg/d) - TP used (kg/d)
= 156.0 (kg/d) - 16.42 (kg/d)
= 139.58 (kg/d), equivalent to 34.9 (g/m
3
)
It means that, there is sufficient both nitrogen and phosphorous for growing of biomass.
15. Clarifier design
a. Determine the returned sludge flow rate
The returned sludge flow rate can be determine by following Equatiion:
Q
R
= RQ
(m
3
/d)
=
(kg/d)
N requirement =
* Biomas produced = rbCOD
43.49 (kgVSS/d)
(kg/d)
(kgVSS/d)
= 0.045
0.15
*
TP in effluent =
sbCOD Biomas produced =
*
* 140.61
=
TKN in effluent =
=
Total P removed =
E
N
M
A
S
Where: R = Return sludge recycle ratio
Q = Influent flow rate = 4,000 (m
3
/d)
(i). Determine the return sludge recycle ratio, R
X
X
R
- X
Where:
X = Concentration of MLSS in aeration basin = 2.5
(kg/m
3
)
X
R
= Concentration of MLSS in recirculation activated sludge = 8
(kg/m
3
)
(ii). Determine the returned sludge flow rate, Q
R
Q
R
= RQ
(m
3
/d)
= 1,818.2 (m
3
/d) or 75.76 (m
3
/h)
b. Determine the wasted sludge flow rate per day, Q
w
Wasted sludge flow rate per day can be determined by the following Equatiion:
VX - (SRT)Q
e
X
e
2,223.22 - 445.7
= 1.66 (m
3
/h)
Where: Q
w
: Wasted sludge flow rate
(m
3
/d)
SRT: Solid Retention Time = 5.57 (d)
V: Volume of aeration basin = 889.29 (m
3
)
X: Concentration of MLSS in aeration basin = 2.5 (kg/m
3
)
Q: Flow rate of influent wastewater = 4,000 (m
3
/d)
X
R
: Concentration of MLSS in recirculation activated sludge = 8
(kg/m
3
)
X
e
: Concentration of MLSS in effluent = 0.02
(kg/m
3
)
c. Determine size of clarifier
16 (m
3
/m
2
.d) at average flow rate
Q
SHR
d. Check solids loading rate (SLR)
= 2.42 (kg MLSS/m
2
.h)
(Within acceptable range of solids loading of 4-6 kg/m2.h)
16. Summary of CMAS design
Design parameters Unit BOD removal & nitrification
Average wastewater flow m
3
/d 4,000
Average BOD load kg/d 480
Average TKN load kg/d 384.0
Aerobic SRT d 5.57
Aeration basin Nos 1
Aeration basin volume m
3
889.29
A
SLR =
Clarifier area, A =
44.57
(1 + R)Q(MLSS) (Q + Q
R
)(MLSS)
=
A
(m
2
)
=
= 39.88
SRT =
Q
w
X
R
+ Q
e
X
e
(SRT)X
R
0.45
Q
w
=
=
250
(m
3
/d)
R =
Q
w
=
VX
Assume a Surface Hydraulic Rate (SHR) of clarifier =
E
N
M
A
S
Hydraulic detention time, h 5.34
MLSS kg/m
3
2.5
MLVSS kg/m
3
1.7
F/M ratio g BOD/g VSS.d 0.31
BOD loading kg BOD/m
3
.d 0.54
Sludge production, P
X,TSS
kg/d 399.01
Observed yield kg TSS/kg bCOD 0.52
kg VSS/kg bCOD 0.36
Oxygen required kg/h 79.44
Air flow rate sm
3
/min
RAS ratio Unitless 0.455
Clarifier hydraulic rate m
3
/m
2
.d 16
Clarifier Number 1
Surface area, m
2
250
Alk added as NaOH kg/d 1585.36
Effluent BOD
5
g/m
3
50.00
TSS
e
g/m
3
20
Effluent NH
4
-N
g/m
3
10
Q
w
m
3
/d
39.9
Q
R
m
3
/d
1,818
SLR kg MLSS/m
2
.h 2.42
III. CALCULATION OF ANOXIC PROCESS
Assumption:
1 Use the same coefficiency as the nitrification process design
2 Mixing energy for anoxic reactor = 10 (W/m
3
)
Solution:
1. Determine the active biomass concentration by the following Equation and substituing V/Q for
Q(SRT)
V
X
b
= 25.06 *
X
b
=
1,147.19 (g/m
3
)
2. Determine the IR ration by the following Equation:
NO
x
NO
3
-N
a.
Determine the NO
3
-N concentration:
NO
3
-N concentration in aeration basin = (NO
3
-N)
e
NO
3
-N concentration can be determine by the following Equation:
TKN
e
- N
e
-
Where: TKN
e
: Effluent TKN concentration = 60.0
(g/m
3
)
N
e
: Effluent NH
4
-N concentration = 10
(g/m
3
)
Assume the effluent TSS
e
concencentration = 20
(g/m
3
)
The effluent VSS
e
concencentration = TSS
e (g/m
3
)
*
0.85
1
45.77
- =
(NO
3
-N)
e
=
* X
b
=
Y(S
o
-S)
1 + (k
d
)SRT
IR - R
0.12(VSS
e
)
E
N
M
A
S
= 17
(g/m
3
)
(NO
3
-N)
e
= 60.0 - 10 -
=
48.0
(g/m
3
)
b. Determine the IR ratio:
IR = 1.65 - 1 - 0.45
IR = 0.20
3. Determine the amount of NO
3
-N fed to anoxic tank
IRQ + RQ
= 786.59 + 1,818
= 2,604.78 (m
3
/d)
NO
x
feed = 124,925.04 (g/d) or 124.93 (kg/d)
4. Determine the anoxic volume
At a first approximation, use a detention time = 20 (h)
V
nox
= * Q
(m
3
)
= 3333.3
(m
3
)
5. Determine F/M
b
by the following equation
QS
o
V
nox
(X
b
)
6. Determine the SDNR using the curve with an F/M
b
range of 0.2 to 20 given on Fig. 8-23
0.24 = 24 %
0.04 (g/g.d)
7. Determine the amount of NO
3
-N that can be reduced by the following Equation:
a. Check NO
r
based on the = 20 (h)
NO
r
= = 152,959.14 (g/d)
or 152.96 (kg/d)
152.96 kg/d versus 124.93 (kg/d), there is about 22.44 %
excess nitrate capacity to be removed. Thus, = 20 (h) is acceptable but a lower
retention time may be used.
b. Evaluate the new value for
If the same SDNR is used, = 16.3 (h)
Actual anoxic tank volume (V
nox
) = 2722.4
(m
3
)
QS
o
V
nox
(X
b
)
c. Determine new SDNR value
Using Fig. 8-23, for SDNR at 20
o
C, rbCOD fraction = 24 %
SDNR
20
= 0.03 (g/g.d)
d. Determine the amount of nitrate that can be reduced by the following Equation:
NO
r
= = 93,693.78 (g/d)
0.75 , therefore = 16.3 (h) is acceptable.
e. Compared the computed value to conventional observed SDNR value, based on MLSS
Assume that the fraction of rbCOD = rbCOD/bCOD =
(g/g.d)
F/M
b
=
Flow rate to anoxic tank =
(V
nox
) (SDNR
b
) (X
b
)
(g/g.d)
0.13
Comparing
0.15
2.04
= F/M
b
=
Capacity ratio =
From Fig. 8-23, the resulted point of SDNR
b
=
=
(V
nox
) (SDNR) (X
b
)
E
N
M
A
S
SDNR
20
* (X
b
/X
T
)
0.030 * 0.46
0.01 (g/g.d)
The computed value is in the range of reported SDNR value (0.04-0.42)
8. Go to nitrification step in design and determine net oxygent required
73.82 (kg/h)
(2.86 g O
2
)
(g NO
3
-N)
2.86 * 31.23 * 4,000
357.29 (kg/d) or 14.89 (kg/h) (Go back to Step II-10a)
-
73.82 (kg/h) - 14.89 (kg/h)
58.93 (kg/h) (Go back to step II.10a)
Note the required aeration rate will decrease to proportion to the lower R
o
. Oxygen required can be reduced
by 20 %
9. Check alkalinity
a. Prepare an alkalinity mass balance
Alkalinity to be added to maintain pH ~ 7 =
Influent Alk - Alk used +
+
(i). Influent alkalinity = 150 (g/m
3
as CaCO
3
)
(ii). Alkalinity used = 7.14 (NO
x
; g/m
3
) = 565.43
(g/m
3
)
(iii). Alkalinity produced = 3.57 (NO
x
-NO
3
-N); g/m
3
= 111.50
(g/m
3
)
(iv). Alkalinity needed to maintain neutral pH = 7 = 80 (g/m
3
as CaCO
3
)
b. Solve the above expression for Alkalinity to be added
Alk to be added = 383.93 (g/m
3
as CaCO
3
)
Mass of alkalinity needed = 1,535,720 (g/d) or 1,535.72 (kg/d as CaCO
3
)
Equivalent to 1,228.58 (kg/d as NaOH)
c. Compare to alkalinity needed for nitrification only
For the nitrification only design, the alkalinity needed = 1585.36 (kg/d NaOH)
Alkalinity savings = 356.79 (kg/d NaOH)
10. Determine anoxic zone mixing energy
= 10 (W/m
3
)
= 2722.4 (m
3
)
= 27.22 (kW)
11. Summary of anoxic design
Item Unit Value
Effluent (NO
3
-N)
e
g/m
3
48.0
Internal recycle ratio Unitless 0.20
Oxygen credit =
R
o
(with nitrification) =
SDNR (MLSS) =
SDNR (MLSS) =
Net oxygen required = Ro (with nitrification)
Q *
Net oxygen required =
Oxygen credit =
SDNR (MLSS) =
(NO
x
-NO
3
-N)
Oxygen credit
Alk to be added
*
Net oxygen required =
Power
Anoxic volume
Oxygen credit =
Alk produced
Mixing energy
E
N
M
A
S
RAS recycle ratio Unitless 0.45
Anoxic volume m
3
2722.41
MLSS kg/m
3
2.5
Overall SDNR g NO
3
-N/g MLSS.d 0.01
Detention time h 16.33
Mixing power kW 27.22
Alkalinity required kg/d as NaOH 1,228.6
Equivalent to kg/d as liquid NaOH 32% 3,839.30
IV. CALCULATION OF COAGULATION BASIN, B-106
3
/d)
2 Operation time per day T
d
24 (h)
3 Hourly average flow rate Q
(aver)
166.7
(m
3
/h)
4 Hydraulic retention time 10 (min.)
5 Type of mixing Agitator
Solution:
1. Determine the volume of coagulation basin, V
(B-106)
V(B-106) = Q(aver) (m
3
/h) * (h)
= 166.7 (m
3
/h) * 0.17 (h)
= 27.78 (m
3
)
Designed actual volume of coagulation basin = 33.30 (m
3
)
Comparing 33.3 (m
3
) versus 27.8 (m
3
bigger than volume as required.
Designed values of agitator:
Gear-speed : 140 (rpm)
Quantity : 1 (piece)
Operation : Continuously
2. Determine the Alum requirement for removal of Phosphorous
Parameters Inlet Outlet
Flow rate 4,000 (m
3
.day) 4000 (m
3
.day)
Total P 34.9 (g/m
3
) 6 (g/m
3
)
Conditions for design:
1 Mole of Al required per mole of P removed = 1.2 (mole Al required/mole P removed)
2 Fomular for liquid alum Al
2
(SO4)3.18H2O
3 Alum strength = 48 %
4 Density of liquid alum solution = 1.2 (kg/L)
5 Alum storage capacity required = 5 (d)
Determine the amount of liquid alum required to precipitate phosphorous in a wastewater that contains:
+
2 x 78 3 x 136 6 x 44 18 x 18
2Al(OH)3 + 3CaSO4 + 6CO2 + 18H2O
3 x 100 (as CaCO
3
) 666.5
Al2(SO4)3.18H2O
Aluminum sulfate
(Soluble)
Calcium bicarbonnate
(Soluble)
3Ca(HCO3)2
E
N
M
A
S
Aluminum Calcium sulfate Carbon dioxide
hydroxide
(Insoluble) (Soluble)
Al
3+
+ PO
4
3-
AlPO
4
(1)
Al
3+
+
3OH
-
Al(OH)
3
(2)
Solution:
a. Determine the weight of aluminium (Al) avalable per liter of liquid alum
(i) The weight of alum per liter is:
Alum/L = 0.48 * 1.2 (kg/L) = 0.576 (kg/L)
(ii) The weight of aluminium per liter is:
Molecular weight of Alum = 666.5
2 * 26.98
= 0.0466 (kg/L)
b. Determine the weight of Al required per unit weight of P
(i) Theoretical dosage = 1 mole Al per 1 mole P
(ii) 1 (kg) * (mw Al/mw P)
26.98
30.97
= 0.87 (kg Al/kg P)
c. Determine the amount of alum solution required per kg P
(kg Al)
(kg P) 0.0466 (kg)
= 22.4 (L Alum solution/kg P)
d. Determine the amount of alum solution required per day
Alum =
Q(m
3
/d)
*
P (g/m
3
)
*
4000 * 28.9 *
1,000
= 2,591.0 (L Alum solution/d) or 1,492.39 (kg Alum powder/d)
= 108.0 (L/h)
Technical data of Alum dosing pumps
Flow rate : 130.0 (L/h)
Pressure : 3 (bar)
Model :
e. Determine the required alum solution storage capacity based on average flow.
2,591.0 (L Alum solution/d) or * 5 (d)
= 12.95 (m
3
)
f. Determine the mass of sludge produced from alum used
1,492.39 (kg/d)
Determine the Al(OH)
3
formed, M
Al(OH)3
(2*78)
666.5
= 349.3 (kg/d)
d. Determine the mass of Lime required to convert Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.18H
2
O to aluminium hydroxide
(3*100) as CaCO
3
666.5
Alum dosage = 1.2
Aluminium/L =
Aluminium required =
= 1 (kg) *
*
*
(L Alum solution)
Alum dose (L Alum solution/kg P)
22.4
(kg/L) 0.576
*
Al(OH)
3
formed =
Alum used =
Storage capacity =
0.87
1,492.39
666.5
*
(kg/d)
* Lime required = 1,492
=
(kg/d)
DMX 226-130-3 (M)
E
N
M
A
S
= 671.7 (kg/d)
e. Determine the mass of NaOH needed as the same alkalinity with Lime
= 50 (g/equivalent)
= 40 (g/equivalent)
671.7 (kg/d CaCO
3
) * 40 (g NaOH/eq)
50 (g CaCO
3
/eq)
537.4 (kg/d NaOH), equivalent to 134 (g/m
3
)
V. CALCULATION OF FLOCCULATION BASIN, B-107
3
/d)
d
24 (h)
(aver)
166.7
(m
3
/h)
4 Hydraulic retention time 10 (min.)
5 Type of mixing Agitator
Solution:
a. Determine the volume of flocculation basin, V
(B-107)
V
(B-107)
= Q
(aver)
(m
3
/h)
* (h)
= 166.7 (m
3
/h) * 0.17 (h)
= 27.8 (m
3
)
Designed actual volume of flocculation basin = 33.3 (m
3
)
Comparing 33.3 (m
3
) versus 27.8 (m
3
bigger volume as required.
Designed values of agitator:
Gear-speed : 70 (rpm)
Quantity : 1 (piece)
Operation : Continuously
b. Determine the flocculation chemical requirement
Assumptions:
1 Chemical for coagulation Anion polymer
2 Fomular for Anion polymer
3 Polymer strength = 0.2 %
4 Density of liquid A. polymer solution = 1 (kg/L)
5 A. polymer dosage (Assume) = 1 (g/m
3
)
6 Liquid A. polymer storage capacity required = 1 (d)
(i). Determine the weight of Anion polymer needed per day:
Q (m
3
/d) * (g/m
3
)
= 4,000 (m
3
/d) * (g/m
3
)
= 4,000 (g/d) or 4.0 (kg/d)
(ii). Determine the weight of liquid A. polymer needed per day :
The weight of A. polymer per liter is:
0.002 * 1 (kg/L) = 0.002 (kg/L)
The weight of liquid A. polymer needed per day is:
(kg/d)
(kg/L)
= 2,000 (L/d) or 83.33 (L/h)
Weight of A. polymer needed = A. polymer dose
1
A. Polymer/L =
Weight of liquid A. polymer needed per day =
NaOH needed =
Weight of A. polymer needed per day
Equivalent weight of CaCO
3
NaOH needed =
Weight of A. polymer per liter
Equivalent weight of NaOH
E
N
M
A
S
Technical data of Polymer dosing pumps
Pressure : 3 (bar)
Model :
(iv). Determine the liquid Sodium Hydroxide storage capacity required:
2,000 (L/d) * 1 (d)
= 2,000 (L) or 2.00 (m
3
)
VI. CALCULATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIER, B-108
3
/d)
d
24 (h)
(aver)
166.7
(m
3
/h)
4 Influent TSS concentration 20 (g/m
3
)
5 Surface hydraulic loadings (in range) v 24-48 (m
3
/m
2
/d)
6 Effluent weir hydraulic loadings (in range of (125-500)) 250 (m
3
/m/d)
7 Hydraulic retention time (in range of 1.5-2.5) 2 (h)
8 Expected performance for TSS removal 50 %
9 Sludge concentration in bottom of secondary clarifier (Assumed) 4 (kg/m
3
)
10 Specific gravity of sludge (Assumed) 1.05
Solution:
a. Determine the surface area needed of secondary clarifier, A
The surface area needed of secondary clarifier can be determined by the following Equation:
Q
(m
3
/d)
v
(m
3
/m
2
/d)
For secondary ary clarifier, the standard value of v is in range 24-48 (h), choosing v = 24 (m
3
/m
2
/d)
4,000
(m
3
/d)
24
(m
3
/m
2
/d)
b. Determine the volume of secondary clarifier, V
The volume needed of secondary clarifier can be determined by the following Equation:
V = Q
(aver)
(m
3
/h)
* (h)
For secondary clarifier, the standard value of is in range of 1.5-2.5 (h), choosing = 2 (h)
V = 166.7 (m
3
/h) * 2 (h)
= 333.3 (m
3
)
Designed parameters of secondary clarifier:
115.59
(m
2
)
697.81
(m
3
)
4.19 (h)
34.60
(m
3
/m
2
/d)
101.91 (m
3
/m/d)
Comparing the actual designed parameters vesus standard conditions:
The designed values: Satisfied
c. Determine the mass of physico-chemical sludge produced per day
(actual)
=
v
(actual)
=
Effluent weir loading =
The A. polymer storage capacity required =
A =
A =
A
(actual)
=
V
(actual)
=
(m
2
) 167 =
DMX 226-130-3 (M)
E
N
M
A
S
(i). Determine the mass of sludge produced from TSS removal, M
TSS
M
TSS
= 0.5 *
TSSi (g/m
3
)
= 0.5 * 20 (g/m
3
)
= 10 (g/m
3
) or 0.01 (kg/m
3
)
Daily M
TSS
= Q
(m
3
/d)
* 0.01
(kg/m
3
)
= 40 (kg/d)
(iii). Determine the total mass of physico-chemical sludge produced per day, T
M
T
M
= M
TSS
+ M
Al(OH)3
= 389 (kg/d)
(iv). Determine the volume of physico-chemical sludge produced per day
T
M
(kg/d)
1.05 * 4 (kg/m
3
)
= 92.69 (m
3
/d)
Technical data of physico-chemical sludge pumps
Flow rate : 6.0 (m
3
/h)
Head : 5.5 (m)
d. Determine the concentration of pollutants in effluent of primary clarifier
Effluent TSS concentration, X
(TSS)
= 10
(g/m
3
)
VII. CALCULATION OF DISINFECTION BASIN, B-109
3
/d)
d
24 (h)
(aver)
166.7
(m
3
/h)
4 Hydraulic retention time 0.5 (h)
Effluent total coliform count before disinfection (N) = 1*10
6
/100 mL
Required effluent total coliform count (N
o
) =
4.5*10
3
/100 mL (B level)
Initial effluent chlorine demand = 4 (g/m
3
)
Demand due to decay during chlorine contact = 2.5 (g/m
3
)
Required chlorine contact time = 30 (min)
Slope of inactivation curve (n) = 2.8
Value of x-intercept (b) = 4
Solution:
a. Determine the volume of disinfection basin, V
(B-109)
V
(B-109)
= Q
(aver)
(m
3
/h)
* (h)
= 166.7 (m
3
/h) * 0.5 (h)
= 83.3 (m
3
)
Designed actual volume of disinfection basin = 84.00 (m
3
)
Comparing 84.0 (m
3
) versus 83.3 (m
3
bigger than the volume as required.
b. Determine the required chlorine dosage
Assumptions:
1 Chemical for disinfection Liquid Sodium Hypochlorite, 10% available chlorine
2 Fomular for liquid Sodium Hypochlorite NaOCl
3 Free available chlorine in liquid Sodium Hypochlorite = 10 %
V
sludge
=
For coliform:
E
N
M
A
S
4 Density of liquid Sodium Hypochlorite = 1.16 (kg/L)
5 Liquid Sodium Hypochlorite storage capacity required = 10 (d)
(i). Estimate the required chlorine residual using Equation:
N 1
N
o (C
R
t/b)
n
Where: C
R
= Chlorine residual remaining at the end of time t
t = Contact time
n = Slope of inactivation curve
b =
Value of x-intercept when N/No = 1
Solve the above Equation to determine the C
R
value:
30
= 0.92
(g/m
3
)
(ii). The required chlorine dosage is:
4 + 2.50 + 0.92
= 7.42 (g/m
3
)
Equivalent to 74.2 (g liquid Sodium Hypochlorite / m
3
)
(iii). Determine the mass of Sodium Hypochlorite required
Dosage (g/m
3
) * Q (m
3
/d)
= 7.4 (g/m
3
) * 4,000 (m
3
/d)
= 29,671 (g/d) or = 29.67 (kg/d)
(iv). Determine the mass of liquid Sodium Hypochlorite required
100
10
= 296.7 (kg/d)
(v). Determine the volume of liquid Sodium Hypochlorite required
296.7 (kg/d) : 1.16 (kg/L)
= 255.8 (L/d) or = 10.66 (L/h)
Technical data of chemical dosing pumps
Pressure : 4 (bar)
Model :
(vi). Determine the liquid Sodium Hypochlorite storage capacity required:
255.78 (L/d) * 10 (d)
= 2,558 (L) or 2.56 (m
3
)
Summary of sludge from WWTP
Aerobic sludge: 399.0 (kg/d)
Physyco-chemical sludge 389.3 (kg/d)
Total daily sludge mass: 788.3 (kg/d)
Summary of chemical used:
Alum solution, 8% Al
2
O
3
777.3
(g/m
3
)
Anion polymer 1.0 (g/m
3
)
NaOH 441.49 (g/m
3
)
NaOCl (10% available chlorine) 74.2 (g/m
3
)
=
=
C
R
=
b
t (N/No)
1/2.8
C
R
4
Liquid NaOCl storage capacity required =
(4.5*10
3
/1*10
6
)
0.357
29.67 (kg/d) *
Volume of liquid Sodium hypochlorite required =
DMX 221 17-4
Chlorine dosage =
Volume of liquid Sodium hypochlorite required =
Mass of Sodium Hypochlorite required =

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