GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING

CIVIL HOSPITAL CAMPUS

AHMEDABAD - 16
SUB :- ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE
TOPIC :- KINGS GOAL ATTAINMENT THEORY
SUBMITTED TO :-
Mrs Minaxi patel
Lecturer Sr Scale ( cl- I)
Govt. College of nursing
Ahmedaad
SUBMITTED BY :-
Ms. !esha ". #omal
$. !. M.sc %ursing
Govt College of %ursing
1
Imogene King's Theory of Goal Attainment
Intro!"tion
Imogene King was born in 1923.
Completed her Bachelor in science of nursing from St. Louis ni!ersit" in
19#$
Completed her %aster of science in nursing from St. Louis ni!ersit" in
19&'
Completed her (octorate from )eacher*s college+ Columbia ni!ersit"
King*s theor" offers insight into nurses* interaction with indi!iduals and
groups within the en!ironment
It highlights the importance of client*s participation in decision that
influences care and focuses on both the process of nurse,client interaction
O#$e"ti%es :-
to assess the patient condition b" the !arious methods e-plained b" the
nursing theor"
to identif" the needs of the patient
to demonstrate an effecti!e communication and interaction with the patient
to select a theor" for the application according to the need of the patient
to appl" the theor" to sol!e the identified problems of the patient
to e!aluate the e-tent to which the process was fruitful.
King&s 'on"e(t!al )rame*or+
It includes.
Se!eral basic assumptions
)hree interacting s"stems
Se!eral concepts rele!ant for each s"stem
King&s Theory of Goal Attainment
)heor" of goal attainment was first introduced b" Imogene King in the
earl" 19/0*s.
)heor" describes a d"namic+ interpersonal relationship in which a person
grows and de!elops to attain certain life goals.
1actors which affects the attainment of goal are. roles+ stress+ space 2 time
2
Basi" ass!m(tions
3ursing focus is the care of human being
3ursing goal is the health care of indi!iduals 2 groups
4uman beings. are open s"stems interacting constantl" with their
en!ironment
Interacting s"stems.
personal s"stem
Interpersonal s"stem
Social s"stem
Concepts are gi!en for each s"stem
Ma$or "on"e(ts of +ing&s theory
,- .!man #eing /(erson. is social being who are rational and sentient. 5erson has
abilit" to.
percei!e
thin6
feel
choose
set goals
select means to achie!e goals and
to ma6e decision
7ccording to King+ human being has three fundamental needs.
8a9 )he need for the health information that is unable at the time when it is
needed and can be used
8b9 )he need for care that see6 to pre!ent illness+ and
8c9 )he need for care when human beings are unable to help themsel!es.
0- .ealth
7ccording to King+ health in!ol!es d"namic life e-periences of a human being+
which implies continuous ad:ustment to stressors in the internal and e-ternal
en!ironment through optimum use of one*s resources to achie!e ma-imum
potential for dail" li!ing.
1- En%ironment
;n!ironment is the bac6ground for human interactions. It in!ol!es.
3
8a9 Internal en!ironment. transforms energ" to enable person to ad:ust to
continuous e-ternal en!ironmental changes.
8b9 ;-ternal en!ironment. in!ol!es formal and informal organi<ations.
3urse is a part of the patient*s en!ironment.
2- 3!rsing
Definition: =7 process of action+ reaction and interaction b" which nurse and
client share information about their perception in nursing situation.> and = a
process of human interactions between nurse and client whereb" each percei!es
the other and the situation+ and through communication+ the" set goals+ e-plore
means+ and agree on means to achie!e goals.>
A"tion: is defined as a se?uence of beha!iors in!ol!ing mental and
ph"sical action.
4ea"tion: not specified+ but might be considered as included in the
se?uence of beha!iors described in action.
In addition+ 6ing discussed.
a. goal
b. domain and
c. functions of professional nurse
Goal of n!rse: =)o help indi!iduals to maintain their health so the" can
function in their roles.>
Domain of n!rse: =includes promoting+ maintaining+ and restoring health+
and caring for the sic6+ in:ured and d"ing.
)!n"tion of (rofessional n!rse. =)o interpret information in nursing
process to plan+ implement and e!aluate nursing care. King said in her
theor"+ =7 professional nurse+ with special 6nowledge and s6ills+ and a
client in need of nursing+ with 6nowledge of self and perception of personal
problems+ meet as strangers in natural en!ironment. )he" interact mutuall"+
identif" problems+ establish and achie!e goals.
'on"e(ts for 5ersonal System
5erception.
4
7ccording to King it includes the import and
transformation of energ"+ and processing+ storing
and e-porting information. 5erceptions are
related to past e-periences+ concept of self+ socio
economic group+ biological inheritance and
educational bac6ground.
5erception is a process in which data obtained
through the senses and form memor" are
organi<ed+ interpreted and transformed.
Self.
)he self is a composite of thought and feelings which constitutes a person*s
awareness of his indi!idual e-istence+ his conception of who and what he is.
)he self includes a s"stem of ideas+ attitudes+ !alues and commitments.
)he self constitutes a person*s inner world.
@rowth 2 de!elopment.
It is defined as a continual change in indi!iduals at the cellular+ molecular+
and beha!ioral le!els of acti!ities conduci!e to helping indi!iduals to mo!e
towards maturit".
)hese changes usuall" occur in an orderl" manner.
Bod" image.
It is characteri<ed as !er" personal and sub:ecti!e+ ac?uired or learned+
d"namic and changing as the person redefines self.
Bod" image is part of each stage of growth and de!elopment.
King defines bod" image as the wa" one percei!es both one*s bod" and
other*s reactions to one*s appearance.
Space.
Space is characteri<ed as uni!ersal because all people ha!e some concept of
it. It ma" be personal or sub:ecti!e indi!idual situational and dependent on
the relationships in the situation dimensional as a function of !oluntar"
area+ distance and time and transactional or based on indi!idual perception
of situation.
)ime.
5
It is defined as a se?uence of e!ents mo!ing onwards to the future. It is
duration between one e!ent and another as uni?uel" e-perienced b" each
human beingA it is the relation of one e!ent to another e!ent.
'on"e(ts for Inter(ersonal System
Interaction.
King defines interaction as a process of perception and communication
between person and en!ironment and between person and person+
represented b" !erbal or non!erbal beha!iors that are goal directed.
Communication.
King defines communication as a process whereb" information is gi!en
from one person to another either directl" in face to face meeting or
indirectl" through telephone+ tele!ision or the written word.
Communication can be !erbal or non!erbal.
)ransaction.
)ransactions are purposeful interaction that leads to goal attainment.
)ransactions are uni?ue because each indi!idual has a personal world of
realit".
Bole.
It is defined as a set of beha!ior e-pected and persons occup"ing a position
in a social s"stem+ rules that define rights and obligations in a position.
Stress.
Stress is a d"namic state whereb"+ a human being interacting with
en!ironment to maintain balance of growth+ de!elopment+ and performance
which in!ol!es an e-change of energ" and information between the persons
and the en!ironment for regulation and control of stressors.
6
'on"e(ts for So"ial System
Crgani<ation.
King defines organi<ation as being made up of human beings who ha!e
prescribed roles and positions and who ma6e use of resources to meet both
personal and organi<ational goal.
7uthorit".
It is obser!able through pro!ision of order+ guidance and responsibilit" of
actions+ uni!ersal essential in formal organi<ationA reciprocal because it
re?uires co,operation+ resides in a holder who must be percei!ed as
legitimate situational essential to goal achie!ement and associated with
power.
5ower.
It is the capacit" to use resources in organi<ations to achie!e goals.
Status.
Status refers to the position of an indi!idual in a group or groups in relation
to other groups in and organi<ation and identifies that status is accompanied
b" pri!ileges duties and obligations.
(ecision ma6ing.
7 d"namic and s"stematic process in which goal,directed choices of
percei!ed alternati!es is made and acted upon b" indi!iduals or groups to
answer a ?uestion or achie!e a goal
5ro(ositions of King&s Theory
1rom the theor" of goal attainment 6ing de!eloped predicti!e propositions+ which
includes.
7
If perceptual interaction accurac" is present in nurse,client interactions+
transaction will occur
If nurse and client ma6e transaction+ goal will be attained
If goal are attained+ satisfaction will occur
If transactions are made in nurse,client interactions+ growth 2 de!elopment
will be enhanced
If role e-pectations and role performance as percei!ed b" nurse 2 client are
congruent+ transaction will occur
If role conflict is e-perienced b" nurse or client or both+ stress in nurse,
client interaction will occur
If nurse with special 6nowledge s6ill communicate appropriate information
to client+ mutual goal setting and goal attainment will occur.
Theory of Goal Attainment an 3!rsing 5ro"ess
Ass!m(tions
Basic assumption of goal attainment theor" is that nurse and client
communicate information+ set goal mutuall" and then act to attain those
goals+ is also the basic assumption of nursing process
Assessment
King indicates that assessment occur during interaction.
)he nurse brings special 6nowledge and s6ills whereas client brings
6nowledge of self and perception of problems of concern+ to this
interaction.
(uring assessment nurse collects data regarding client 8hisDher growth 2
de!elopment+ perception of self and current health status+ roles etc.9
5erception is the base for collection and interpretation of data.
Communication is re?uired to !erif" accurac" of perception+ for interaction
and transaction.
3!rsing iagnosis
)he data collected b" assessment are used to ma6e nursing diagnosis in
nursing process.
7cc. to 6ing in process of attaining goal the nurse identifies the problems+
concerns and disturbances about which person see6 help.
5lanning
7fter diagnosis+ planning for inter!entions to sol!e those problems is done.
In goal attainment planning is represented b" setting goals and ma6ing
decisions about and being agreed on the means to achie!e goals.
8
)his part of transaction and client*s participation is encouraged in ma6ing
decision on the means to achie!e the goals.
Im(lementations
In nursing process implementation in!ol!es the actual acti!ities to achie!e
the goals.
In goal attainment it is the continuation of transaction.
E%al!ation
It in!ol!es to finding out weather goals are achie!ed or not.
In 6ing description e!aluation spea6s about attainment of goal and
effecti!eness of nursing care.
3!rsing 5ro"ess an Theory of Goal Attainment:
3!rsing 5ro"ess Metho 3!rsing (ro"ess theory
7 s"stem of oriented actions 7 s"stem of oriented concepts
7ssessment 5erception+ communication and
interaction of nurse 2 client
5lanning (ecision ma6ing about the goals . be
agree on the means to attain the goals.
Implementation )ransaction made
;!aluation @oal attained
A%antages:
1. 7de?uac"
2. Clarit"
3. Consistenc"
#. Logical de!elopments
&. Le!el of theor" de!elopment
/. (iscrimination
'. Bealit" con!ergence
9
$. 5ragmatic
9. Scope
10.Significance
11.tilit"
10
Disa%antages:
1. Comple-it"
2. Confusion
A((li"ation:
)his theor" is applicable to most practice areas e-cept for those
in which the patient is incapable of interacting with his
en!ironment due to some sort of disabilit" or mental
impairment.
In 1awcett*s 8200&9 e!aluation+ she asserts that =King*s
Conceptual S"stem pro!ides direction for nursing research+
education+ administration and practice>. )he theor"+ at first
reading+ would appear to be onl" for the field of nursing.
4owe!er+ the ma:or components could be used in the Social
Sciences field+ especiall" the Beha!ioral Sciences+ for planning
inter!entions.
54A'TI'E:
)he theor" has found great application to nursing practice since
the theor" focuses on concepts rele!ant to all nursing situations
E the attainment of client goals.
)he application of the theor" is documented in se!eral
categories.
1. @eneral application of the theor"
2. ;-ploring a particular concept within the concept of the
theor"
3. ;-ploring a particular concept related to the theor"
#. 7pplication of the theor" in nonclinical nursing
situations
&. 7pplication of the theor" in nursing specialt" and in
wor6 settings li6e hospital+ communit" and at home.
ADMI3SIT4AIO3:
7lso in case management 8impro!e o!erall ?ualit" and cost
effecti!eness of care pro!ided9+ ad!ocac" and managed care
3U4SI3G EDU'ATIO3:
11
King*s framewor6 continues to pro!ide a !iable curriculum
strateg". 7 curriculum model which is conceptuall" based
allows for updating content and s6ills without the necessit" for
ma:or curriculum change.
4ESEA4'.:
Se!eral nurses ha!e tested the theor" in research on aging+
parenting+ ps"chiatric , mental health and ambulator" care.
S"hemati" Diagram of a theory of Goal Attainment
Classification s"stem of nurse,patient interaction that lead to
)ransaction which includes the elements in interaction .,
7ction
Beaction
(isturbance
%utual @oal setting
;-plore means to achie!e goal
7gree on means to achie!e goal
12
)ransaction
@oal8s9 achie!ed
)he abo!e figure combines some factors from the
classification s"stem and the process of human
interaction.
Both client and nurse percei!e throughout the processA
the" communicate+ thus creating action
7ctions result in reaction+ and if there is a disturbances
goals ma" be set. 7t this point+ means for goal
achie!ement are e-plored and agreed upon transaction are
made+ and goal attainment results.
)he patient is a personal s"stem within the en!ironment
who coe-ists with other personal s"stems. Indi!iduals form
groups that compromise interpersonal s"stems and interpersonal
s"stems contribute to social s"stems. )hus patient and nurse are
composed of personal s"stems as subs"stems within
interpersonal and social s"stems. )he nurse must understand
gi!en aspects of all three s"stems. Concepts identified for each
s"stem affect total s"stem function.
)here are three comprehensi!e concepts A,
5erception for the personal s"stem
Crgani<ation for the social s"stem
Interaction for the interpersonal s"stems.
13
B6IOG4AB.Y :-
14

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BIB6IOG4A5.Y :
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