Statics>equilibriumofbodiesunderforces

(assumingrigidbody)

Dynamics>motionofbodiesundertheactionofforces
(kinematicsandkinetics)

SolidMechanics>stresses,strainsanddeformationsofmachinesand
loadbearingstructures(MechanicsofMaterials)

Mechanics
Thermo
Fluid
Solid
Dynamics
Statics
Quantum
FreeBodyDiagram(FBD):
Adiagramofanisolatedbodywiththerepresentationofallexternalforcesactingonit
o

F 0
M 0

, 0
, 0

x
x
M
F
, 0
, 0

y
y
M
F

0
0
z
z
M
F
EquationsofEquilibrium:
ItisimportanttomasterhowtosolveforcesandmomentsinsideagivenstructureusingFBD andequationsof
equilibrium.
ExternalLoads:
Supportreactions
InternalResultantLoadings:
SolidMechanicsReview
Chapter 1 Stress Page 1
DeterminetheresultantinternalloadingsactingonthecrosssectionofBof
thepipeasshown.EndAissubjectedtoaverticalforceofSuN,ahorizontal
forceofSuN,andacouplemomentof7uN m.Neglectthepipe'smass.
DeterminethereactionsatthepinBandC.Neglecttheweightof
themembercomparedtothedistributedload,
SolidMechanicsReviewProblems
Chapter 1 Stress Page 2
Isthestructuresafeundersuchstructuralloads?
Howmuchthestructurewilldeformundersuchstructuralload?
Whatthestressandstraindistributioninsidethestructure?
Todesignthebeam,whatmaterialcanbeused?Whatgeometryshouldbe
chosen?Howtousethematerialeffectively?

Whatstheloadbearinglimitofagivenstructure?
Stress
Ameasureofinternalforcedistributioninadeformablebodyanddescribestheintensityoftheinternal
forceactingonaspecificplane(area)passingthroughapoint.
NormalStress:theintensityoftheforceactingnormal toA 1.
o
z
= lim
A0
F
z
A
Unit:SI:
FPS:
AverageNormalStressinanAxiallyLoadedBar
Averagenormalstressequation:o
ug
=
P
A
Stress NormalStress
Chapter 1 Stress Page 3
Notes:1.FisinternalnormalforceperpendiculartoA
2.AisthecrosssectionalareaonwhichtheforceFacts.
3.o > u Tensilestress;o < u Compressivestress
4.Maximumaveragenormalstress>axialornormalforcediagram
(plotofnormalforcePvs.positionalongnormaldirection)
Example11(EX1.6)
The9ukg lampissupportedbytworodsABandBCasshown.IfABhasadiameterof1u mm andBC
hasadiameterof8 mm,determinetheaveragenormalstressineachrod.
Stress NormalStress
Chapter 1 Stress Page 4
ShearStressEquilibrium
Allfourshearstressesmusthaveequalmagnitudeandbedirected
eithertowardorawayfromeachotheratoppositeedgesofthe
element.
Notes:1.VistheinternalshearforcetangenttoA
2.AisthecrosssectionalareaonwhichtheforceVacts.
Whentousetheaverageshearstressequation?
Usetheaverageshearstressequationinthecaseofdirectshear(orsimpleshear).Thisiscausedby
forcesthatactparalleltoacrosssectionalareawhichdirectlyresultinshearingthematerial.
Examples:shearinsheetmetalpuncher,boltsandrivets,welds.
ShearStress:theintensityofforceactingtangenttoA 2.

z
= lim
A0
F

zx
= lim
A0
F
x
A
Unit:SI:FPS:
AverageShearStress
AverageShearstressequation:
ug
=
v
A
Stress ShearStress
Chapter 1 Stress Page 5
Example12(EX1.9)
Determinetheaveragesheerstressinthe2u mm diameterpin
atAandtheSu mm diameterpinatBthatsupportthebeam
ABasshown.
*Swissrollcutting
Example13(1.102)
Thebearingpadconsistsofa150mmby150mmblockofaluminumthatsupportsacompressiveloadof
6kN.Determinetheaveragenormalandshearstressactingontheplanethroughsectionaa.Showthe
resultsonadifferentialvolumeelementlocatedontheplane.
Chapter 1 Stress Page 6
Threenormalstresses:o
x
, o

, o
z
Threeshearstresses:
x
,
xz
,
z
AllowableStress
Factorofsafety:aratioofthefailureloadF
]uI
totheallowableloadF
uIIow
.
F. S. =
F
]uI
F
uIIow
F. S. =
o
]uI
o
uIIow
F. S. =

]uI

uIIow
Note:1.FactorofsafetyF.S.>=1.0
2.Theadvantageofusingstresscriterionratherthanforceisthat:
stressisindependent ofgeometry.Theallowablestressisamaterialproperty.
Example13(EX1.13)
Thesuspenderrodissupportedatitsendbyafixedconnectedcircular
diskasshown.Iftherodpassesthrougha4u mm diameterhole,
determinetheminimumrequirediameteroftherodandtheminimum
thicknessofthediskneededtosupportthe2u kN load.Theallowable
normalstressfortherodiso
uIIow
= 6u HPo andtheallowableshear
stressforthediskif
uIIow
= SSHPo.
Thechangeinanglesisanindicationofthe
presenceofshear.
GeneralStateofStress
Chapter 1 Stress Page 7
ChapterSummary
Chapter 1 Stress Page 8