Actigraphy

Jan Brutovsky

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Preventive medicine

− The future of health-care is using

wearable bio-sensor units which can
predict from the measured data
possible human body malfunctions.
Suggesting changes in the lifestyle
(more sport activity, diet, e.g.) are
preventing the wearer from diseases.

− Weight management
− Sport training
− Rehabilitation
− Solders’ health status monitoring
− Patients’ health status monitoring

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Primary Application Area – Activity monitoring

− Active energy expenditure (vydej)

− Sleep onset and wake time
− Activity type identification
− Resting energy expenditure
− Total calories burned
− Duration of physical activity
− Emergency monitoring
− Health status monitoring

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Secondary Application Area – Artifacts detection

− Motion Artifacts: With this Activity monitoring we can easily annotate

the motion or activity artifacts in bio-signals.
− ECG motion artifacts
− Pressure measuring motion artifacts

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Wearable and ambulatory body monitors

− Wearable and ambulatory body

monitors hold many obvious
benefits for the future of public
health. At the heart of the
healthcare industry lies the unmet
need for consumers, researchers
and clinicians to continuously and
accurately monitor physiological
states of the body.

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Warfighter – activity monitorrig

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Warfighter – sensor network

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Warfighter modelling

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

What is actigraphy?

− Actigraphy = a small, portable movement detector typically using a

piezoelectric accelerometer that generates voltages when motion is
detected across three planes. The data are stored in a self-contained
memory chip which can collect data for up to 8 weeks and is then
downloaded via wireless technology for analysis.

− Important to note that an actigraph does not measure sleep, but sleep
is inferred by relative quiescence and wakefulness is inferred by
comparatively increased movement

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Activity graph

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Activity Sensor – SenseWear

Sensor Fusion: This

process involves collecting
a range of body-data
using multiple
physiological sensors
instead of a single sensor,
which is what other
calorie estimation devices
such as pedometers and
heart rate monitors rely
on. It’s this multi-sensor
approach that enables
bodybugg™ to “see” the
wearer’s context (whether
they are sitting, sleeping,
jogging, walking, etc.)
that makes bodybugg™
such a reliably accurate
device for calorie
expenditure estimation.

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

The Physiological Sensors

− Accelerometer – The accelerometer in bodybugg™ is a two-axis

micro-electro-mechanical sensor (MEMS) device that measures motion.
This motion can be mapped to forces (g-force) exerted on the body. By
taking gravity and motion into account along with the other sensor
data, the wearer’s body context and true level of physical exertion can
be accurately predicted.

− Heat Flux – The bodybugg™ also contains a proprietary heat flux

sensor located on the side that measures the amount of heat being
dissipated by the body via a thermally resistant material. In short, this
sensor measure how much heat the wearer’s body is giving off. Heat
flux is an important parameter because the body tends to heat up the
faster it burns calories.

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

The Physiological Sensors

− Galvanic Skin Response – Better known as GSR, this sensor is

comprised of two “hypo-allergenic” stainless steel electrodes on the
back of the armband that measure skin conductivity. Skin conductivity
is how much an electrical current can pass between two points on the
surface of the skin and is affected by sweat due to physical exertion as
well as emotional stimuli such as psychological stress.

− Skin Temperature – Skin temperature is measured by using a highly

accurate thermistor-based sensor located on the back of the
bodybugg™. Looking at continuous measurement of skin temperature
in conjunction with data collected from the other sensors can reveal
the body’s core temperature trends which are affected by the level of a
person’s physical exertion or lack thereof.

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

BodyBugg – body management

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Fitness and Sports

BodyMedia’s platform for continuous

body monitoring is making it possible
for fitness trainers and club owners to
take their services to a whole new
level.
Our tools collect, process, and present
relevant daily and weekly summaries
about energy expenditure, duration of
exercise, and nutrition both inside and
outside the gym, which gives fitness
pros the ability to tailor programs
more effectively and truly manage the
success of their clients. Our custom
fitness solutions are designed around
the needs of the fitness organization,
giving them a true competitive
advantage.

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Weight Management

BodyMedia products are helping

clinicians assist patients with weight
loss by providing a convenient,
accurate method for monitoring their
calorie balance. Our patented
technologies accurately assess
energy expenditure in the form of
calories burned.
The relationship of calories burned to
calories consumed can otherwise be
described as a calorie balance. When
an individual burns more calories
than he consumes, he WILL lose
weight. It is a simple truth that
weight loss experts have realized for
years but have not had a way to
accurately monitor outside of a
clinical lab. BodyMedia is changing
that.
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Disease Management

BodyMedia’s platform for

continuous body monitoring makes
it possible for healthcare providers
to better serve patients suffering
from chronic diseases such as
congestive heart failure or chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD). BodyMedia empowers
caregivers with remote access to
their patients’ relevant
physiological and lifestyle
information. Caregivers can
continue to monitor their patients
and be alerted to potential
problems once they have left the
hospital.

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Assisted Living

For providers of senior care and

assisted living services,
BodyMedia’s technologies make it
possible to deliver a higher quality
of service through remote,
continuous monitoring of elderly
persons.
This tools are innovative, easy-to-
use, and very scalable. They can
be tailored to quickly assess
dangerous conditions, such as a
sudden drop in activity, body
temperature, or a fall and can alert
caregivers to take action. Our tools
make it possible to monitor patient
activities over time to accurately
assess whether they are getting
enough physical activity, sleep, or
taking their medications.

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Infant Monitoring

BodyMedia technologies can make

a difference in how parents
monitor the health and well-being
of their children. Smart solutions,
such as a sensor that can quietly
and continuously track sleep state,
core temperature, and heart rate
and then transmit those readings
to a concerned parent or baby
sitter, are under development
today.

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Sleep Management

−The BodyMedia platform of

continuous body monitoring
technologies is making it possible
for sleep experts to monitor sleep
outside of their labs, in a patient’s
own bed.
−Companies looking to better
understand sleep and the sleep
habits of their patients and
customers are taking advantage of
our comfortable, unobtrusive, and
wearable monitors and powerful
software packages to see real
sleep activity data drawn from the
context of the individual's own
bedroom.

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Motivated Rehabilitation

− We define motivated rehabilitation as a process which uses positive

motivation to improve patient’s health state and his quality of life. This
motivation is based on goals to overcome, exercise history reviews and
progress reports. The main concept applies real time biofeedback
during rehabilitation informing patient about achieved results and
further goals to succeed

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Motivated Rehabilitation Application Area

− Physical rehabilitation exercise monitoring

− Post-op rehabilitation exercise monitoring (big joints)

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

HW implementation

− 3D Accelerometer
− Microprocessor
− Power management
− Bluetooth communication
− PDA or Mobile phone

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
The Main ideas

− Teach the patients how to care about

their health status.
− Increase patients’ faith in his will to
be healthy.
− Continuous motivation during
exercise.

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University
Reference

− BodyMedia SenseWear
− www.bodymedia.com

− Freescale - Accelerometer
− www.freescale.com

− Motivated Rehabilitation
− www.motivatedrehabilitation.com

− Videos
− www.xsens.com – 3D soilder simulation
− www.bodymedia.com – market applications
− www.djortho.com - feavista

Department of Cybernetics, Czech Technical University