Chapter12

12.3.2 ) Radiation Intensity and Its Relation to Emission

define I as the rate at which radiant energy is
emitted at the wavelength landa in the
directiontheta and phi, per unit area of the emitting
surface normal

Spectral Intensity:
Or




spectral, hemispherical emissive power E(landa)
(W/m2*micro m)

total, hemispherical emissive power, E (W/m2),
OR

diffuse emitter
OR
I(e) = total intensity
12.3.3) Relation to Irradiation
from all directions. The spectral irradiation G(landa)(W/m2
,micro m) - rate at which radiation of wavelength landa is
incident on a surface, per unit areaof the surface and per unit
wavelength interval d(landa) about landa. Accordingly,


total irradiation
OR

incident radiation is diffuse,
and
12.3.4 Relation to Radiosity for an Opaque Surface
Intensity of emission and reflection

Total : OR

If the surface is both a diffuse reflect and a diffuse
emitter
and
12.3.5 Relation to the Net Radiative Flux for an Opaque
Surface

12.4.1 The Planck Distribution


H = 6.626 * 10_34 J*s universal Planck
kB = 1.381 * 10_23 J/K
Boltzmann constants,
Co = 2.998 * 108 m/s



12.4.2 Wiens Displacement Law

12.4.3 The StefanBoltzmann Law
integrate:


Since its diffusive:

12.4.4 Band Emission


And



12.5 Emission from Real Surfaces


spectral, directional
emissivity














12.6 Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission by Real
Surfaces

12.6.1 Absorptivity







If blackbody in 5800K

12.6.2 Reflectivity



which is



12.6.3 Transmissivity
and

12.7 Kirchhoffs Law




Chapter13
The view factor:
a view factor, , is the proportion of the
radiation which leaves surface that strikes surface

Any two surfaces that are diffuse emitters and reflector
and have uniform radiosity


temperature Ti (hence Ebi) is known

qi is known

reciprocity relation
The summation rule:
Composite material:


13.2 Blackbody Radiation Exchange
net rate at which radiation leaves surface i/equal to the
net rate at which j gains radiation


13.3.1 Net Radiation Exchange at a Surface
The term qi is the net rate at which radiation leaves
surface i.
or

Proof:
and
Which > also ,
for opaque,diffuse, gray surface

Which gives us:


Hence, Ji _ Ebi, and a surface which is large relative
to all other surfaces under consideration can be
treated as if it were a blackbody.
Radiation Exchange Between Surfaces(Direct
Approach)

qi known

Radiation Network Approach
Each component may be represented by a network
element for which (Ji _ Jj) is
the driving potential and (AiFij)_1 is a space or
geometrical resistance
the surface temperature Ti (hence Ebi) known



13.3.3 The Two-Surface Enclosure


13.3.4 Radiation Shields

N shields with equal emissivity


R(space)= R(surface) =
13.3.5 The Reradiating Surface
This idealized surface is characterized by
zero net radiation transfer (qi = 0).



Knowing q1 = q2

13.4 Multimode Heat Transfer


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