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Homework #5
Assigned: October 12, 2006
Due: October 18, 2006 (noon)
(Total points noted in each section; must clearly show equations with values and units,
drawings, assumptions, etc.)
1. (20 oints! 15 oints for e"#ations! 5 oints for correct answer$
A cold storage room is being used to store strawberries at 1C !"e e#a$orator and condenser
tem$eratures are %2 and &'C, res$ecti#el( !"e re)rigeration load is 1' tons (1 ton o)
re)rigeration load * +'1, -.) Assume t"e re)rigerant is /%1+&a Determine t"e )ollowing:
(a) !"e re)rigerant )low rate
(b) !"e com$ressor $ower re0uirement
(c) CO1
(d) !"e "eat re2ected in t"e condenser
So%#tion&
3irst determine t"e ent"al$ies in t"e re)rigerator Assume t"e )luid entering t"e com$ressor is
%2C and a saturated #a$or
"1* 2&606 -45-g 6 s1 * 07201 -45-g89
Assume t"e tem$erature e:iting t"e condenser is &'C ;oo- u$ t"e #alues )or $oint + at
saturated li0uid $ro$erties
"+* 11+,' -45-g 6 1+ * 1160 <1a
=sing t"e saturation $ressure at $oint + and t"e entro$( at $oint 2 (s1 * s2), use t"e su$er"eated
tables to loo- u$ t"e ent"al$( at $oint 2
!"e su$er"eated tables gi#e ent"al$( at 100 <1a and 120 <1a6 must inter$olate between t"ese
tables to create a table o) ent"al$( and entro$( at 1+*12 at 116 <1a >ecause we are searc"ing
)or an entro$( o) 07201 -45-g89, t"e tables o) 100 <1a and 120 <1a s"ow t"at t"e entro$(
we are searc"ing )or is between &0C and '0C >ecause t"e saturation tem$eratures o) 100
<1a and 120 <1a are di))erent, we must )irst inter$olate t"e 100 <1a table to matc" t"e
saturation tem$erature o) &6+2C as t"e )irst tem$erature in our new 116 <1a table ?ou must
matc" t"e tem$eratures w"en linear inter$olating between two $ressures in t"e su$er"eated table
!able A%10
100<1a 120 <1a
@nt"al$(, @ntro$( @nt"al$(, @ntro$(
&0C 26868, 07066
&6+2C (linear inter) 2,'7', 0727& gi#en(&6+2C) 2,077, 0702+
'0C 28017, 07&28 '0C 2,''2, 0716&
Aow linear inter$olate between 100 <1a and 120 <1a to create a new table at 116 <1a )or
t"e two tem$eratures &6+2C and '0C ;inear inter$olating between t"e two $ressures gi#es
t"e )ollowing results
3ind ent"al$( at $oint 2 using entro$( at $oint 1 and $ressure at $oint + =se t"e su$er"eated
tables A10 ;inear inter$olate between 100 <1a and 120 <1a to create a new table at 116
<1a ;oo-ing at t"e tables, t"e entro$( we desire is between &6+2C and '0C
100 <1a 116 <1a 120 <1a
@nt"al$(, @ntro$( @nt"al$(, @ntro$( @nt"al$(, @ntro$(
&6+2C 2,'7', 0727& &6+2C 2,178, 070,, &6+2C 2,077, 0702+
'0C 28017, 07&28 '0C 2,6&', 0721, '0C 2,''2, 0716&
Aow linear inter$olate between &6+2C and '0C in t"e 116 <1a using t"e #alue o) entro$( to
)ind ent"al$( !"e #alue )or entro$( is -nown, 07201 -45-g89 A)ter linear inter$olating, t"e
)ollowing results are obtained
12 * 116 <1a
@nt"al$(, @ntro$(, !em$erature
2,'7& -45-g, 07201 -45-g89, &76 C
!o )ind t"e ent"al$( at $oint &, Assume t"at t"e ent"al$( is t"e same as $oint +
A)ter t"e $re#ious calculations, t"e )ollowing ent"al$ies will be used )or t"e rest o) t"e anal(sis
"1 * 2&606 -45-g
"2 * 2,'7& -45-g
"+ * 11+,' -45-g
"& * 11+,' -45-g
(a) =se t"e re)rigeration load to determine t"e re)rigerant )low rate
( ) ( )
s kg m
kg kJ m ton kW tons h h m Q
5 &0 0
5 11& 2&6 5 '1, + 8 1'
& 1
=
= =
=
kg
kJ
kg
kJ
!"#
h h
h h
!"#
$
$
(d) !"e "eat re2ected in t"e condenser
( ) ( )
kW Q
kg kJ s kg h h m Q
%
%
8 6&
5 11& 2,6 5 & 0
+ 2
=
=
=
kg
kJ
kg
kJ
!"#
h h
h h
!"#
$
$
3 (20 oints! 15 oints for e"#ations! 5 oints for correct answer$
A turbo2et aircra)t is )l(ing wit" a #elocit( o) 220 m5s at an altitude o) '800 m !"e $ressure
ratio across t"e com$ressor is 1&, and t"e tem$erature at t"e turbine inlet is 1&&0 9 Assume
ideal o$erations )or all com$onents and ideal gas constant s$eci)ic "eats at t"e altitude
tem$erature Determine t"e )ollowing:
(a) !"e $ressure at t"e turbine e:it
(b) !"e #elocit( o) t"e e:"aust gases
(c) !"e $ro$ulsi#e e))icienc(
Dolution:
3irst determine t"e air $ro$erties at t"e s$eci)ied altitude
!em$erature * %22,C (2'0 9), 1ressure * &8'2 -1a, C# * 0,16 -45-g89,
C$ * 100+ -45-g89, G * 1&01
1rocess 1%2 is an isentro$ic com$ression o) an ideal gas in a di))user 3or con#enience, we can
assume t"at t"e aircra)t is stationar( and t"e air is mo#ing toward t"e aircra)t wit" a #elocit( o)
220 m5s Cdeall(, t"e air will lea#e t"e di))user wit" a negligible #elocit( H2*0 =sing )irst law,
we obtain
( )
( )
( )
k#a #
'
'
k#a
T
T
# #
' T
' kg kJ
s m
' T
!p
(
T T
(
T T !p
( (
h h w q
8 66
2'0
2,&
'2 &8
2,&
8 5 00+ 1 2
5 220
2'0
2 2 2
2
&01 0
&01 1
1
1
2
1 2
2
2
2
2
1
1 2
2
1
1 2
2
1
2
2
1 2 12 12
=
=
= + =
+ =
+ =
=
= = =
=
= + + =
=
=
=
+ =
=
= =
p
in
p
p
' ' ' kg kJ
s m s m s m
T T !p
( ( (
q
w
' (20 oints! 15 oints for e"#ations! 5 oints for correct answers$
Consider a steam $ower $lant o$erating as an ideal ran-ine c(cle !"e condenser $ressure is
8-1a !"e turbine can o$erate at two $ressures, 18 <1a or & <1a Determine )or eac" o) t"e
turbine $ressures:
(a) <ass )low rate o) steam
(b) Keat trans)er rate o) t"e wor-ing )luid $assing t"roug" t"e condenser and boiler
(c) !"ermal e))icienc(
5 (20 oints! 15 oints for e"#ations! 5 oints for correct answers$
(a) A steam $ower $lant is o$erating as a regenerati#e #a$or $ower c(cle wit" one closed
)eedwater "eater t"at ta$ o)) between t"e )irst and second turbine stages !"e turbine inlet
conditions are $ressure 12 <$a, tem$erature '10 C Condenser $ressure is 6 -1a >oiler inlet
tem$erature is 1,0 C .or- o) t"e c(cle is +20 <. Determine:
(a) !"ermal e))icienc(
(b) <ass )low rate into t"e turbine )irst stage
Assum$tions:
(1) @ac" com$onent is anal(Ied as a control #olume at stead( state
(2) All $rocesses are internall( re#ersible e:ce$t )ro t"e e:$ansion t"roug" t"e tra$
(t"rottling $rocess) and in t"e closed )eedwater "eater
(+) !urbines, $um$, and )eedwater "eater o$erate adiabaticall(
(&) 9inetic and $otential energ( )unctions are negligible
(') Condensate e:ists in t"e condenser and closed "eater as saturated li0uid at t"e res$ecti#e
$ressures
1 bar * 100-1a