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ASEN 3113 Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

Homework #5
Assigned: October 12, 2006
Due: October 18, 2006 (noon)
(Total points noted in each section; must clearly show equations with values and units,
drawings, assumptions, etc.)
1. (20 oints! 15 oints for e"#ations! 5 oints for correct answer$
A cold storage room is being used to store strawberries at 1C !"e e#a$orator and condenser
tem$eratures are %2 and &'C, res$ecti#el( !"e re)rigeration load is 1' tons (1 ton o)
re)rigeration load * +'1, -.) Assume t"e re)rigerant is /%1+&a Determine t"e )ollowing:
(a) !"e re)rigerant )low rate
(b) !"e com$ressor $ower re0uirement
(c) CO1
(d) !"e "eat re2ected in t"e condenser
So%#tion&
3irst determine t"e ent"al$ies in t"e re)rigerator Assume t"e )luid entering t"e com$ressor is
%2C and a saturated #a$or
"1* 2&606 -45-g 6 s1 * 07201 -45-g89
Assume t"e tem$erature e:iting t"e condenser is &'C ;oo- u$ t"e #alues )or $oint + at
saturated li0uid $ro$erties
"+* 11+,' -45-g 6 1+ * 1160 <1a
=sing t"e saturation $ressure at $oint + and t"e entro$( at $oint 2 (s1 * s2), use t"e su$er"eated
tables to loo- u$ t"e ent"al$( at $oint 2
!"e su$er"eated tables gi#e ent"al$( at 100 <1a and 120 <1a6 must inter$olate between t"ese
tables to create a table o) ent"al$( and entro$( at 1+*12 at 116 <1a >ecause we are searc"ing
)or an entro$( o) 07201 -45-g89, t"e tables o) 100 <1a and 120 <1a s"ow t"at t"e entro$(
we are searc"ing )or is between &0C and '0C >ecause t"e saturation tem$eratures o) 100
<1a and 120 <1a are di))erent, we must )irst inter$olate t"e 100 <1a table to matc" t"e
saturation tem$erature o) &6+2C as t"e )irst tem$erature in our new 116 <1a table ?ou must
matc" t"e tem$eratures w"en linear inter$olating between two $ressures in t"e su$er"eated table
!able A%10
100<1a 120 <1a
@nt"al$(, @ntro$( @nt"al$(, @ntro$(
&0C 26868, 07066
&6+2C (linear inter) 2,'7', 0727& gi#en(&6+2C) 2,077, 0702+
'0C 28017, 07&28 '0C 2,''2, 0716&
Aow linear inter$olate between 100 <1a and 120 <1a to create a new table at 116 <1a )or
t"e two tem$eratures &6+2C and '0C ;inear inter$olating between t"e two $ressures gi#es
t"e )ollowing results
3ind ent"al$( at $oint 2 using entro$( at $oint 1 and $ressure at $oint + =se t"e su$er"eated
tables A10 ;inear inter$olate between 100 <1a and 120 <1a to create a new table at 116
<1a ;oo-ing at t"e tables, t"e entro$( we desire is between &6+2C and '0C
100 <1a 116 <1a 120 <1a
@nt"al$(, @ntro$( @nt"al$(, @ntro$( @nt"al$(, @ntro$(
&6+2C 2,'7', 0727& &6+2C 2,178, 070,, &6+2C 2,077, 0702+
'0C 28017, 07&28 '0C 2,6&', 0721, '0C 2,''2, 0716&
Aow linear inter$olate between &6+2C and '0C in t"e 116 <1a using t"e #alue o) entro$( to
)ind ent"al$( !"e #alue )or entro$( is -nown, 07201 -45-g89 A)ter linear inter$olating, t"e
)ollowing results are obtained
12 * 116 <1a
@nt"al$(, @ntro$(, !em$erature
2,'7& -45-g, 07201 -45-g89, &76 C
!o )ind t"e ent"al$( at $oint &, Assume t"at t"e ent"al$( is t"e same as $oint +
A)ter t"e $re#ious calculations, t"e )ollowing ent"al$ies will be used )or t"e rest o) t"e anal(sis
"1 * 2&606 -45-g
"2 * 2,'7& -45-g
"+ * 11+,' -45-g
"& * 11+,' -45-g
(a) =se t"e re)rigeration load to determine t"e re)rigerant )low rate
( ) ( )
s kg m
kg kJ m ton kW tons h h m Q

5 &0 0
5 11& 2&6 5 '1, + 8 1'
& 1
=
= =

(b) !"e com$ressor $ower re0uirement


( ) ( ) kW kg kJ s kg h h m W
in
12 5 2&6 2,6 5 &0 0
1 2
= =
(c) Calculate CO1
( )
( )
& &
2&6 2,6
11& 2&6
1 2
& 1
=

=
kg
kJ
kg
kJ
!"#
h h
h h
!"#
$
$
(d) !"e "eat re2ected in t"e condenser
( ) ( )
kW Q
kg kJ s kg h h m Q
%
%
8 6&
5 11& 2,6 5 & 0
+ 2
=
=

2. (20 oints! 15 oints for e"#ations! 5 oints for correct answer$


3or a re)rigeration s(stem using / %1+&a, t"e e#a$orator tem$erature is %'C, "owe#er t"e
re)rigerant entering t"e com$ressor is at 'C !"e condenser tem$erature is +'C, but t"e
re)rigerant entering t"e e:$ansion #al#e is at +0C
(a) ."at is t"e amount o) su$er"eating and subcoolingB
(b) C) t"e re)rigeration load is + tons, calculate t"e CO1 )or t"is s(stem
Dolution:
(a) Du$er"eating is t"e di))erence in tem$erature o) )luid entering com$ressor and e#a$orator
Du$ercooling is t"e di))erence in tem$erature o) )luid entering condenser and entering e:$ansion
#al#e
( )
( ) ! ! ! T T ng &upercooli
! ! ! T T ng &uperheati
valve ansion entering condenser
evaporator compressor entering


' +0 +'
10 ' '
E e:$ E
E
= =
= =
(b) 3irst assume t"at t"e tem$erature o) t"e )luid entering t"e com$ressor is a saturated #a$or at
'C
;oo- u$ ent"al$( and entro$( at $oint 1 (entering com$ressor)
"1*2'01 -45-g 6 s1 * 0716& -45-g89
Assume isentro$ic e:$ansion in com$ressor, s1 * s2 and assume $ressure is constant t"roug" t"e
condenser Assume t"at at t"e e:it o) t"e condenser, t"e )luid is a saturated li0uid at +'C ;oo-
u$ ent"al$( and saturation $ressure at $oint +
"+ * 78,8 -45-g6 Daturation 1ressure F + * 088,<1a
=sing t"e saturation $ressure at $oint + and t"e entro$( at $oint 2 (s1 * s2), use t"e su$er"eated
tables to loo- u$ t"e ent"al$( at $oint 2
!"e su$er"eated tables gi#e $ressures at 080 <1a and 070 <1a6 must inter$olate between t"ese
tables to create a table o) ent"al$( and entro$( at 1+*12 at 08,,<1a >ecause we are searc"ing
)or an entro$( o) 0716& -45-g89, t"e tables o) 080 <1a and 070<1a s"ow t"at t"e entro$( we
are searc"ing )or is between t"e saturation tem$erature and &0C in bot" tables >ecause t"e
saturation tem$eratures o) 080 <1a and 070 <1a are di))erent, we must )irst inter$olate t"e
080 <1a table to matc" t"e saturation tem$erature o) +''+C as t"e )irst tem$erature in our
new 08,, <1a table ?ou must matc" t"e tem$eratures w"en linear inter$olating between two
$ressures in t"e su$er"eated table
!able A%10
080<1a 070 <1a
@nt"al$(, @ntro$( @nt"al$(, @ntro$(
Dat !em$ (+1++C) 26&1', 07066
+''+C (linear inter) 268,', 0721' gi#en(+''+C) 26618, 070'&
&0C 2,+66, 07+,& &0C 2,12', 0721,
Aow linear inter$olate between 080 <1a and 070 <1a to create a new table at 08,,<1a )or
t"e two tem$eratures +''+C and &0C ;inear inter$olating between t"e two $ressures gi#es
t"e )ollowing results
080<1a 08,, <1a 070 <1a
@nt"al$(, @ntro$( @nt"al$(, @ntro$( @nt"al$(, @ntro$(
+''+C 268,', 0721' +''+C 266,,, 07071 +''+C 26618, 070'&
&0C 2,+66, 07+,& &0C 2,180, 072'+ &0C 2,12', 0721,
Aow linear inter$olate between +''+C and &0C in t"e 08,, <1a using t"e #alue o) entro$(
to )ind ent"al$( !"e #alue )or entro$( is -nown, 0716& -45-g89 A)ter linear inter$olating,
t"e )ollowing results are obtained
12 * 08,, <1a
@nt"al$(, @ntro$(, !em$erature
2670& -45-g, 0716& -45-g89, +,' C
!o )ind t"e ent"al$( at $oint &, use t"e saturated li0uid $ro$erties at +0C Dearc"ing in table A8
gi#es t"e )ollowing ent"al$(
"& * 71&7 -45-g
=sing t"e $re#iousl( calculated #alues )or ent"al$(, calculate CO1
"1 * 2'01 -45-g
"2 * 2670& -45-g
"+ * 78,8 -45-g
"& * 71&7 -45-g
( )
( )
+7 8
1 2'0 0 267
' 71 1 2'0
1 2
& 1
=

=
kg
kJ
kg
kJ
!"#
h h
h h
!"#
$
$
3 (20 oints! 15 oints for e"#ations! 5 oints for correct answer$
A turbo2et aircra)t is )l(ing wit" a #elocit( o) 220 m5s at an altitude o) '800 m !"e $ressure
ratio across t"e com$ressor is 1&, and t"e tem$erature at t"e turbine inlet is 1&&0 9 Assume
ideal o$erations )or all com$onents and ideal gas constant s$eci)ic "eats at t"e altitude
tem$erature Determine t"e )ollowing:
(a) !"e $ressure at t"e turbine e:it
(b) !"e #elocit( o) t"e e:"aust gases
(c) !"e $ro$ulsi#e e))icienc(
Dolution:
3irst determine t"e air $ro$erties at t"e s$eci)ied altitude
!em$erature * %22,C (2'0 9), 1ressure * &8'2 -1a, C# * 0,16 -45-g89,
C$ * 100+ -45-g89, G * 1&01
1rocess 1%2 is an isentro$ic com$ression o) an ideal gas in a di))user 3or con#enience, we can
assume t"at t"e aircra)t is stationar( and t"e air is mo#ing toward t"e aircra)t wit" a #elocit( o)
220 m5s Cdeall(, t"e air will lea#e t"e di))user wit" a negligible #elocit( H2*0 =sing )irst law,
we obtain
( )
( )
( )
k#a #
'
'
k#a
T
T
# #
' T
' kg kJ
s m
' T
!p
(
T T
(
T T !p
( (
h h w q
8 66
2'0
2,&
'2 &8
2,&
8 5 00+ 1 2
5 220
2'0
2 2 2
2
&01 0
&01 1
1
1
2
1 2
2
2
2
2
1
1 2
2
1
1 2
2
1
2
2
1 2 12 12
=

=
= + =
+ =

+ =

1rocess 2%+ is an isentro$ic com$ression o) an ideal gas in a com$ressor


( )( ) ( )( )
' T
k#a
k#a
'
#
#
T T
k#a # k#a # r #
p
'8+
8 66
7+6
2,&
7+6 8 66 1&
+
&01 1
&01 0
1
2
+
2 +
+ 2 +
=

=
= = =

1rocess &%' isentro$ic e:$ansion o) an ideal gas in a turbine (a) answer


( ) ( )
k#a #
'
'
k#a
T
T
# #
' T ' ' ' T T T T
T T !p T T !p
h h h h
w w
out tur) in comp
&0+
1&&0
11+1
7+6
11+1 2,& '8+ 1&&0
'
&01 0
&01 1
1
&
'
& '
' 2 + & '
' & 2 +
' & 2 +
E E
=

=
= + + =
=
=
=

1rocess '%6 isentro$ic e:$ansion o) an ideal gas in a noIIle (b) answer


( ) ( )
( )( )
s m (
' ' ' kg kJ (
T T !p (
(
T T !p
( (
h h w q
' T
k#a
k#a
'
#
#
T T
5 101'
61, 11+1 8 5 00+ 1 2
2
2 2
61,
&0+
'2 &8
11+1
6
6
6 ' 6
2
6
' 6
2
'
2
6
' 6 '6 '6
6
&01 1
&01 0
1
'
6
' 6
=
=
= +

+ =
=

1ro$ulsi#e e))icienc( (c) answer


( )
( )
( )
( )
J & 16
'8+ 1&&0 8 5 00+ 1
5 8'0 5 8'0 5 101'
+ &
1 1 6
=

= =
p
in
p
p
' ' ' kg kJ
s m s m s m
T T !p
( ( (
q
w

' (20 oints! 15 oints for e"#ations! 5 oints for correct answers$
Consider a steam $ower $lant o$erating as an ideal ran-ine c(cle !"e condenser $ressure is
8-1a !"e turbine can o$erate at two $ressures, 18 <1a or & <1a Determine )or eac" o) t"e
turbine $ressures:
(a) <ass )low rate o) steam
(b) Keat trans)er rate o) t"e wor-ing )luid $assing t"roug" t"e condenser and boiler
(c) !"ermal e))icienc(
5 (20 oints! 15 oints for e"#ations! 5 oints for correct answers$
(a) A steam $ower $lant is o$erating as a regenerati#e #a$or $ower c(cle wit" one closed
)eedwater "eater t"at ta$ o)) between t"e )irst and second turbine stages !"e turbine inlet
conditions are $ressure 12 <$a, tem$erature '10 C Condenser $ressure is 6 -1a >oiler inlet
tem$erature is 1,0 C .or- o) t"e c(cle is +20 <. Determine:
(a) !"ermal e))icienc(
(b) <ass )low rate into t"e turbine )irst stage
Assum$tions:
(1) @ac" com$onent is anal(Ied as a control #olume at stead( state
(2) All $rocesses are internall( re#ersible e:ce$t )ro t"e e:$ansion t"roug" t"e tra$
(t"rottling $rocess) and in t"e closed )eedwater "eater
(+) !urbines, $um$, and )eedwater "eater o$erate adiabaticall(
(&) 9inetic and $otential energ( )unctions are negligible
(') Condensate e:ists in t"e condenser and closed "eater as saturated li0uid at t"e res$ecti#e
$ressures
1 bar * 100-1a

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