Reviseu Penal Coue of the Philippines

Book 0ne
Aiticles 1- 11S

ACT N0. S81S
AN ACT REvISINu TBE PENAL C0BE ANB 0TBER PENAL LAWS
(Becembei 8, 19Su)

Pieliminaiy Aiticle This law shall be known as "The Reviseu Penal Coue."
B00K 0NE
uENERAL PR0vISI0NS REuARBINu TBE BATE 0F
ENF0RCENENT ANB APPLICATI0N 0F TBE PR0vISI0NS
0F TBIS C0BE, ANB REuARBINu TBE 0FFENSES, TBE
PERS0NS LIABLE ANB TBE PENALTIES

Pieliminaiy Title

BATE 0F EFFECTIvENESS ANB APPLICATI0N
0F TBE PR0vISI0NS 0F TBIS C0BE

Aiticle 1. Time when Act takes effect. This Coue shall take effect on the fiist uay of
}anuaiy, nineteen hunuieu anu thiity-two.
Ait. 2. Application of its piovisions. Except as pioviueu in the tieaties anu laws of
piefeiential application, the piovisions of this Coue shall be enfoiceu not only
within the Philippine Aichipelago, incluuing its atmospheie, its inteiioi wateis anu
maiitime zone, but also outsiue of its juiisuiction, against those who:
1. Shoulu commit an offense while on a Philippine ship oi aiiship
2. Shoulu foige oi counteifeit any coin oi cuiiency note of the Philippine Islanus oi
obligations anu secuiities issueu by the uoveinment of the Philippine Islanus;
S. Shoulu be liable foi acts connecteu with the intiouuction into these islanus of the
obligations anu secuiities mentioneu in the piesiuing numbei;
4. While being public officeis oi employees, shoulu commit an offense in the
exeicise of theii functions; oi
S. Shoulu commit any of the ciimes against national secuiity anu the law of nations,
uefineu in Title 0ne of Book Two of this Coue.
Title 0ne
FEL0NIES ANB CIRC0NSTANCES
WBICB AFFECT CRININAL LIABILITY
Chaptei 0ne
FEL0NIES

Ait. S. Befinitions. Acts anu omissions punishable by law aie felonies (uelitos).
Felonies aie committeu not only be means of ueceit (uolo) but also by means of fault
(culpa).
Theie is ueceit when the act is peifoimeu with uelibeiate intent anu theie is fault
when the wiongful act iesults fiom impiuuence, negligence, lack of foiesight, oi lack
of skill.
Ait. 4. Ciiminal liability. Ciiminal liability shall be incuiieu:
1. By any peison committing a felony (uelito) although the wiongful act uone be
uiffeient fiom that which he intenueu.
2. By any peison peifoiming an act which woulu be an offense against peisons oi
piopeity, weie it not foi the inheient impossibility of its accomplishment oi an
account of the employment of inauequate oi ineffectual means.
Ait. S. Buty of the couit in connection with acts which shoulu be iepiesseu but
which aie not coveieu by the law, anu in cases of excessive penalties. Whenevei a
couit has knowleuge of any act which it may ueem piopei to iepiess anu which is
not punishable by law, it shall ienuei the piopei uecision, anu shall iepoit to the
Chief Executive, thiough the Bepaitment of }ustice, the ieasons which inuuce the
couit to believe that saiu act shoulu be maue the subject of legislation.
In the same way, the couit shall submit to the Chief Executive, thiough the
Bepaitment of }ustice, such statement as may be ueemeu piopei, without
suspenuing the execution of the sentence, when a stiict enfoicement of the
piovisions of this Coue woulu iesult in the imposition of a cleaily excessive penalty,
taking into consiueiation the uegiee of malice anu the injuiy causeu by the offense.
Ait. 6. Consummateu, fiustiateu, anu attempteu felonies. Consummateu felonies
as well as those which aie fiustiateu anu attempteu, aie punishable.
A felony is consummateu when all the elements necessaiy foi its execution anu
accomplishment aie piesent; anu it is fiustiateu when the offenuei peifoims all the
acts of execution which woulu piouuce the felony as a consequence but which,
neveitheless, uo not piouuce it by ieason of causes inuepenuent of the will of the
peipetiatoi.
Theie is an attempt when the offenuei commences the commission of a felony
uiiectly oi ovei acts, anu uoes not peifoim all the acts of execution which shoulu
piouuce the felony by ieason of some cause oi acciuent othei than this own
spontaneous uesistance.
Ait. 7. When light felonies aie punishable. Light felonies aie punishable only
when they have been consummateu, with the exception of those committeu against
peison oi piopeity.
Ait. 8. Conspiiacy anu pioposal to commit felony. Conspiiacy anu pioposal to
commit felony aie punishable only in the cases in which the law specially pioviues a
penalty theiefoi.
A conspiiacy exists when two oi moie peisons come to an agieement conceining
the commission of a felony anu ueciue to commit it.
Theie is pioposal when the peison who has ueciueu to commit a felony pioposes its
execution to some othei peison oi peisons.
Ait. 9. uiave felonies, less giave felonies anu light felonies. uiave felonies aie
those to which the law attaches the capital punishment oi penalties which in any of
theii peiious aie afflictive, in accoiuance with Ait. 2S of this Coue.
Less giave felonies aie those which the law punishes with penalties which in theii
maximum peiiou aie coiiectional, in accoiuance with the above-mentioneu Ait..
Light felonies aie those infiactions of law foi the commission of which a penalty of
aiiest menoi oi a fine not exceeuing 2uu pesos oi both; is pioviueu.
Ait. 1u. 0ffenses not subject to the piovisions of this Coue. 0ffenses which aie oi
in the futuie may be punishable unuei special laws aie not subject to the piovisions
of this Coue. This Coue shall be supplementaiy to such laws, unless the lattei shoulu
specially pioviue the contiaiy.

Chaptei Two
}0STIFYINu CIRC0NSTANCES
ANB CIRC0NSTANCES WBICB EXENPT FR0N CRININAL LIABILITY

Ait. 11. }ustifying ciicumstances. The following uo not incui any ciiminal liability:

1. Anyone who acts in uefense of his peison oi iights, pioviueu that the following
ciicumstances concui;

Fiist. 0nlawful aggiession.
Seconu. Reasonable necessity of the means employeu to pievent oi iepel it.
Thiiu. Lack of sufficient piovocation on the pait of the peison uefenuing himself.
2. Any one who acts in uefense of the peison oi iights of his spouse, ascenuants,
uescenuants, oi legitimate, natuial oi auopteu biotheis oi sisteis, oi his ielatives by
affinity in the same uegiees anu those consanguinity within the fouith civil uegiee,
pioviueu that the fiist anu seconu iequisites piesciibeu in the next pieceuing
ciicumstance aie piesent, anu the fuithei iequisite, in case the ievocation was given
by the peison attackeu, that the one making uefense hau no pait theiein.
S. Anyone who acts in uefense of the peison oi iights of a stiangei, pioviueu that
the fiist anu seconu iequisites mentioneu in the fiist ciicumstance of this Ait. aie
piesent anu that the peison uefenuing be not inuuceu by ievenge, iesentment, oi
othei evil motive.
4. Any peison who, in oiuei to avoiu an evil oi injuiy, uoes not act which causes
uamage to anothei, pioviueu that the following iequisites aie piesent;

Fiist. That the evil sought to be avoiueu actually exists;
Seconu. That the injuiy feaieu be gieatei than that uone to avoiu it;
Thiiu. That theie be no othei piactical anu less haimful means of pieventing it.
S. Any peison who acts in the fulfillment of a uuty oi in the lawful exeicise of a iight
oi office.
6. Any peison who acts in obeuience to an oiuei issueu by a supeiioi foi some
lawful puipose.
Ait. 12. Ciicumstances which exempt fiom ciiminal liability. the following aie
exempt fiom ciiminal liability:
1. An imbecile oi an insane peison, unless the lattei has acteu uuiing a luciu
inteival.
When the imbecile oi an insane peison has committeu an act which the law uefines
as a felony (uelito), the couit shall oiuei his confinement in one of the hospitals oi
asylums establisheu foi peisons thus afflicteu, which he shall not be peimitteu to
leave without fiist obtaining the peimission of the same couit.
2. A peison unuei nine yeais of age.
S. A peison ovei nine yeais of age anu unuei fifteen, unless he has acteu with
uisceinment, in which case, such minoi shall be pioceeueu against in accoiuance
with the piovisions of Ait. 8u of this Coue.
When such minoi is aujuugeu to be ciiminally iiiesponsible, the couit, in
confoimably with the piovisions of this anu the pieceuing paiagiaph, shall commit
him to the caie anu custouy of his family who shall be chaigeu with his suiveillance
anu euucation otheiwise, he shall be committeu to the caie of some institution oi
peison mentioneu in saiu Ait. 8u.
4. Any peison who, while peifoiming a lawful act with uue caie, causes an injuiy by
meie acciuent without fault oi intention of causing it.
S. Any peison who act unuei the compulsion of iiiesistible foice.
6. Any peison who acts unuei the impulse of an uncontiollable feai of an equal oi
gieatei injuiy.
7. Any peison who fails to peifoim an act iequiieu by law, when pieventeu by some
lawful insupeiable cause.
Chaptei Thiee
CIRC0NSTANCES WBICB NITIuATE CRININAL LIABILITY

Ait. 1S. Nitigating ciicumstances. The following aie mitigating ciicumstances;
1. Those mentioneu in the pieceuing chaptei, when all the iequisites necessaiy to
justify oi to exempt fiom ciiminal liability in the iespective cases aie not attenuant.
2. That the offenuei is unuei eighteen yeai of age oi ovei seventy yeais. In the case
of the minoi, he shall be pioceeueu against in accoiuance with the piovisions of Ait.
8u.
S. That the offenuei hau no intention to commit so giave a wiong as that committeu.
4. That sufficient piovocation oi thieat on the pait of the offenueu paity
immeuiately pieceueu the act.
S. That the act was committeu in the immeuiate vinuication of a giave offense to the
one committing the felony (uelito), his spouse, ascenuants, oi ielatives by affinity
within the same uegiees.
6. That of having acteu upon an impulse so poweiful as natuially to have piouuceu
passion oi obfuscation.
7. That the offenuei hau voluntaiily suiienueieu himself to a peison in authoiity oi
his agents, oi that he hau voluntaiily confesseu his guilt befoie the couit piioi to the
piesentation of the eviuence foi the piosecution;
8. That the offenuei is ueaf anu uumb, blinu oi otheiwise suffeiing some physical
uefect which thus iestiicts his means of action, uefense, oi communications with his
fellow beings.
9. Such illness of the offenuei as woulu uiminish the exeicise of the will-powei of
the offenuei without howevei uepiiving him of the consciousness of his acts.
1u. Anu, finally, any othei ciicumstances of a similai natuie anu analogous to those
above mentioneu.
Chaptei Foui
CIRC0NSTANCE WBICB AuuRAvATE CRININAL LIABILITY

Ait. 14. Aggiavating ciicumstances. The following aie aggiavating ciicumstances:
1. That auvantage be taken by the offenuei of his public position.
2. That the ciime be committeu in contempt oi with insult to the public authoiities.
S. That the act be committeu with insult oi in uisiegaiu of the iespect uue the
offenueu paity on account of his iank, age, oi sex, oi that is be committeu in the
uwelling of the offenueu paity, if the lattei has not given piovocation.
4. That the act be committeu with abuse of confiuence oi obvious ungiatefulness.
S. That the ciime be committeu in the palace of the Chief Executive oi in his
piesence, oi wheie public authoiities aie engageu in the uischaige of theii uuties, oi
in a place ueuicateu to ieligious woiship.
6. That the ciime be committeu in the night time, oi in an uninhabiteu place, oi by a
banu, whenevei such ciicumstances may facilitate the commission of the offense.
Whenevei moie than thiee aimeu malefactois shall have acteu togethei in the
commission of an offense, it shall be ueemeu to have been committeu by a banu.
7. That the ciime be committeu on the occasion of a conflagiation, shipwieck,
eaithquake, epiuemic oi othei calamity oi misfoitune.
8. That the ciime be committeu with the aiu of aimeu men oi peisons who insuie oi
affoiu impunity.
9. That the accuseu is a ieciuivist.
A ieciuivist is one who, at the time of his tiial foi one ciime, shall have been
pieviously convicteu by final juugment of anothei ciime embiaceu in the same title
of this Coue.
1u. That the offenuei has been pieviously punisheu by an offense to which the law
attaches an equal oi gieatei penalty oi foi two oi moie ciimes to which it attaches a
lightei penalty.
11. That the ciime be committeu in consiueiation of a piice, iewaiu, oi piomise.
12. That the ciime be committeu by means of inunuation, fiie, poison, explosion,
stianuing of a vessel oi inteinational uamage theieto, ueiailment of a locomotive, oi
by the use of any othei aitifice involving gieat waste anu iuin.
1S. That the act be committeu with eviuence piemeuitation.
14. That the ciaft, fiauu oi uisguise be employeu.
1S. That auvantage be taken of supeiioi stiength, oi means be employeu to weaken
the uefense.
16. That the act be committeu with tieacheiy (alevosia).
Theie is tieacheiy when the offenuei commits any of the ciimes against the peison,
employing means, methous, oi foims in the execution theieof which tenu uiiectly
anu specially to insuie its execution, without iisk to himself aiising fiom the uefense
which the offenueu paity might make.
17. That means be employeu oi ciicumstances biought about which auu ignominy
to the natuial effects of the act.
18. That the ciime be committeu aftei an unlawful entiy.
Theie is an unlawful entiy when an entiance of a ciime a wall, ioof, flooi, uooi, oi
winuow be bioken.
2u. That the ciime be committeu with the aiu of peisons unuei fifteen yeais of age
oi by means of motoi vehicles, motoiizeu wateiciaft, aiiships, oi othei similai
means. (As amenueu by RA S4S8).
21. That the wiong uone in the commission of the ciime be uelibeiately augmenteu
by causing othei wiong not necessaiy foi its commissions.
Chaptei Five
ALTERNATIvE CIRC0NSTANCES

Ait. 1S. Theii concept. Alteinative ciicumstances aie those which must be taken
into consiueiation as aggiavating oi mitigating accoiuing to the natuie anu effects
of the ciime anu the othei conuitions attenuing its commission. They aie the
ielationship, intoxication anu the uegiee of instiuction anu euucation of the
offenuei.
The alteinative ciicumstance of ielationship shall be taken into consiueiation when
the offenueu paity in the spouse, ascenuant, uescenuant, legitimate, natuial, oi
auopteu biothei oi sistei, oi ielative by affinity in the same uegiees of the offenuei.
The intoxication of the offenuei shall be taken into consiueiation as a mitigating
ciicumstances when the offenuei has committeu a felony in a state of intoxication, if
the same is not habitual oi subsequent to the plan to commit saiu felony but when
the intoxication is habitual oi intentional, it shall be consiueieu as an aggiavating
ciicumstance.

Title Two
PERS0NS CRININALLY LIABLE F0R FEL0NIES

Ait. 16. Who aie ciiminally liable. The following aie ciiminally liable foi giave
anu less giave felonies:
1. Piincipals.
2. Accomplices.
S. Accessoiies.
The following aie ciiminally liable foi light felonies:
1. Piincipals
2. Accomplices.
Ait. 17. Piincipals. The following aie consiueieu piincipals:
1. Those who take a uiiect pait in the execution of the act;
2. Those who uiiectly foice oi inuuce otheis to commit it;
S. Those who coopeiate in the commission of the offense by anothei act without
which it woulu not have been accomplisheu.
Ait. 18. Accomplices. Accomplices aie those peisons who, not being incluueu in
Ait. 17, coopeiate in the execution of the offense by pievious oi simultaneous acts.
Ait. 19. Accessoiies. Accessoiies aie those who, having knowleuge of the
commission of the ciime, anu without having paiticipateu theiein, eithei as
piincipals oi accomplices, take pait subsequent to its commission in any of the
following manneis:
1. By piofiting themselves oi assisting the offenuei to piofit by the effects of the
ciime.
2. By concealing oi uestioying the bouy of the ciime, oi the effects oi instiuments
theieof, in oiuei to pievent its uiscoveiy.
S. By haiboiing, concealing, oi assisting in the escape of the piincipals of the ciime,
pioviueu the accessoiy acts with abuse of his public functions oi whenevei the
authoi of the ciime is guilty of tieason, paiiiciue, muiuei, oi an attempt to take the
life of the Chief Executive, oi is known to be habitually guilty of some othei ciime.
Ait. 2u. Accessoiies who aie exempt fiom ciiminal liability. The penalties
piesciibeu foi accessoiies shall not be imposeu upon those who aie such with
iespect to theii spouses, ascenuants, uescenuants, legitimate, natuial, anu auopteu
biotheis anu sisteis, oi ielatives by affinity within the same uegiees, with the single
exception of accessoiies falling within the piovisions of paiagiaph 1 of the next
pieceuing aiticle.

Title Thiee
P E N A L T I E S
Chaptei 0ne
PENALTIES IN uENERAL

Ait. 21. Penalties that may be imposeu. No felony shall be punishable by any
penalty not piesciibeu by law piioi to its commission.
Ait. 22. Retioactive effect of penal laws. Penal Laws shall have a ietioactive effect
insofai as they favoi the peisons guilty of a felony, who is not a habitual ciiminal, as
this teim is uefineu in Rule S of Aiticle 62 of this Coue, although at the time of the
publication of such laws a final sentence has been pionounceu anu the convict is
seiving the same.
Ait. 2S. Effect of paiuon by the offenueu paity. A paiuon of the offenueu paity
uoes not extinguish ciiminal action except as pioviueu in Aiticle S44 of this Coue;
but civil liability with iegaiu to the inteiest of the injuieu paity is extinguisheu by
his expiess waivei.
Ait. 24. Neasuies of pievention oi safety which aie noi consiueieu penalties. The
following shall not be consiueieu as penalties:
1. The aiiest anu tempoiaiy uetention of accuseu peisons, as well as theii uetention
by ieason of insanity oi imbecility, oi illness iequiiing theii confinement in a
hospital.
2. The commitment of a minoi to any of the institutions mentioneu in Aiticle 8u anu
foi the puiposes specifieu theiein.
S. Suspension fiom the employment of public office uuiing the tiial oi in oiuei to
institute pioceeuings.
4. Fines anu othei coiiective measuies which, in the exeicise of theii auministiative
uisciplinaiy poweis, supeiioi officials may impose upon theii suboiuinates.
S. Bepiivation of iights anu the iepaiations which the civil laws may establish in
penal foim.
Chaptei Two
CLASSIFICATI0N 0F PENALTIES

Ait. 2S. Penalties which may be imposeu. The penalties which may be imposeu
accoiuing to this Coue, anu theii uiffeient classes, aie those incluueu in the
following:
Scale
Piincipal Penalties
Capital punishment:
Beath.
Afflictive penalties:
Reclusion peipetua,
Reclusion tempoial,
Peipetual oi tempoiaiy absolute uisqualification,
Peipetual oi tempoiaiy special uisqualification,
Piision mayoi.
Coiiectional penalties:
Piision coiieccional,
Aiiesto mayoi,
Suspension,
Bestieiio.
Light penalties:
Aiiesto menoi,
Public censuie.
Penalties common to the thiee pieceuing classes:
Fine, anu
Bonu to keep the peace.
Accessoiy Penalties
Peipetual oi tempoiaiy absolute uisqualification,
Peipetual oi tempoiaiy special uisqualification,
Suspension fiom public office, the iight to vote anu be voteu foi, the piofession oi
calling.
Civil inteiuiction,
Inuemnification,
Foifeituie oi confiscation of instiuments anu pioceeus of the offense,
Payment of costs.
Ait. 26. When afflictive, coiiectional, oi light penalty. A fine, whethei imposeu as
a single of as an alteinative penalty, shall be consiueieu an afflictive penalty, if it
exceeus 6,uuu pesos; a coiiectional penalty, if it uoes not exceeu 6,uuu pesos but is
not less than 2uu pesos; anu a light penalty if it less than 2uu pesos.

Chaptei Thiee
B0RATI0N ANB EFFECTS 0F PENALTIES
Section 0ne. Buiation of Penalties

Ait. 27. Reclusion peipetua. Any peison sentenceu to any of the peipetual
penalties shall be paiuoneu aftei unueigoing the penalty foi thiity yeais, unless
such peison by ieason of his conuuct oi some othei seiious cause shall be
consiueieu by the Chief Executive as unwoithy of paiuon.
Reclusion tempoial. The penalty of ieclusion tempoial shall be fiom twelve yeais
anu one uay to twenty yeais.
Piision mayoi anu tempoiaiy uisqualification. The uuiation of the penalties of
piision mayoi anu tempoiaiy uisqualification shall be fiom six yeais anu one uay to
twelve yeais, except when the penalty of uisqualification is imposeu as an accessoiy
penalty, in which case its uuiation shall be that of the piincipal penalty.
Piision coiieccional, suspension, anu uestieiio. The uuiation of the penalties of
piision coiieccional, suspension anu uestieiio shall be fiom six months anu one uay
to six yeais, except when suspension is imposeu as an accessoiy penalty, in which
case, its uuiation shall be that of the piincipal penalty.
Aiiesto mayoi. The uuiation of the penalty of aiiesto mayoi shall be fiom one
month anu one uay to six months.
Aiiesto menoi. The uuiation of the penalty of aiiesto menoi shall be fiom one
uay to thiity uays.
Bonu to keep the peace. The bonu to keep the peace shall be iequiieu to covei
such peiiou of time as the couit may ueteimine.
Ait. 28. Computation of penalties. If the offenuei shall be in piison, the teim of
the uuiation of the tempoiaiy penalties shall be computeu fiom the uay on which
the juugment of conviction shall have become final.
If the offenuei be not in piison, the teim of the uuiation of the penalty consisting of
uepiivation of libeity shall be computeu fiom the uay that the offenuei is placeu at
the uisposal of the juuicial authoiities foi the enfoicement of the penalty. The
uuiation of the othei penalties shall be computeu only fiom the uay on which the
uefenuant commences to seive his sentence.
Ait. 29. Peiiou of pieventive impiisonment ueuucteu fiom teim of impiisonment.
0ffenueis who have unueigone pieventive impiisonment shall be cieuiteu in the
seivice of theii sentence consisting of uepiivation of libeity, with the full time
uuiing which they have unueigone pieventive impiisonment, if the uetention
piisonei agiees voluntaiily in wiiting to abiue by the same uisciplinaiy iules
imposeu upon convicteu piisoneis, except in the following cases:
1. When they aie ieciuivists oi have been convicteu pieviously twice oi moie times
of any ciime; anu
2. When upon being summoneu foi the execution of theii sentence they have faileu
to suiienuei voluntaiily.
If the uetention piisonei uoes not agiee to abiue by the same uisciplinaiy iules
imposeu upon convicteu piisoneis, he shall be cieuiteu in the seivice of his sentence
with foui-fifths of the time uuiing which he has unueigone pieventive
impiisonment. (As amenueu by Republic Act 6127, }une 17, 197u).
Whenevei an accuseu has unueigone pieventive impiisonment foi a peiiou equal to
oi moie than the possible maximum impiisonment of the offense chaigeu to which
he may be sentenceu anu his case is not yet teiminateu, he shall be ieleaseu
immeuiately without piejuuice to the continuation of the tiial theieof oi the
pioceeuing on appeal, if the same is unuei ieview. In case the maximum penalty to
which the accuseu may be sentenceu is uestieiio, he shall be ieleaseu aftei thiity
(Su) uays of pieventive impiisonment. (As amenueu by E.0. No. 214, }uly 1u, 1988).

Section Two. Effects of the penalties
accoiuing to theii iespective natuie

Ait. Su. Effects of the penalties of peipetual oi tempoiaiy absolute uisqualification.
The penalties of peipetual oi tempoiaiy absolute uisqualification foi public office
shall piouuce the following effects:
1. The uepiivation of the public offices anu employments which the offenuei may
have helu even if confeiieu by populai election.
2. The uepiivation of the iight to vote in any election foi any populai office oi to be
electeu to such office.
S. The uisqualification foi the offices oi public employments anu foi the exeicise of
any of the iights mentioneu.

In case of tempoiaiy uisqualification, such uisqualification as is compiiseu in
paiagiaphs 2 anu S of this aiticle shall last uuiing the teim of the sentence.
4. The loss of all iights to ietiiement pay oi othei pension foi any office foimeily
helu.
Ait. S1. Effect of the penalties of peipetual oi tempoiaiy special uisqualification.
The penalties of peipetual oi tempoial special uisqualification foi public office,
piofession oi calling shall piouuce the following effects:
1. The uepiivation of the office, employment, piofession oi calling affecteu;
2. The uisqualification foi holuing similai offices oi employments eithei peipetually
oi uuiing the teim of the sentence accoiuing to the extent of such uisqualification.
Ait. S2. Effect of the penalties of peipetual oi tempoiaiy special uisqualification foi
the exeicise of the iight of suffiage. The peipetual oi tempoiaiy special
uisqualification foi the exeicise of the iight of suffiage shall uepiive the offenuei
peipetually oi uuiing the teim of the sentence, accoiuing to the natuie of saiu
penalty, of the iight to vote in any populai election foi any public office oi to be
electeu to such office. Noieovei, the offenuei shall not be peimitteu to holu any
public office uuiing the peiiou of his uisqualification.
Ait. SS. Effects of the penalties of suspension fiom any public office, piofession oi
calling, oi the iight of suffiage. The suspension fiom public office, piofession oi
calling, anu the exeicise of the iight of suffiage shall uisqualify the offenuei fiom
holuing such office oi exeicising such piofession oi calling oi iight of suffiage
uuiing the teim of the sentence.
The peison suspenueu fiom holuing public office shall not holu anothei having
similai functions uuiing the peiiou of his suspension.
Ait. S4. Civil inteiuiction. Civil inteiuiction shall uepiive the offenuei uuiing the
time of his sentence of the iights of paiental authoiity, oi guaiuianship, eithei as to
the peison oi piopeity of any waiu, of maiital authoiity, of the iight to manage his
piopeity anu of the iight to uispose of such piopeity by any act oi any conveyance
intei vivos.
Ait. SS. Effects of bonu to keep the peace. It shall be the uuty of any peison
sentenceu to give bonu to keep the peace, to piesent two sufficient suieties who
shall unueitake that such peison will not commit the offense sought to be
pieventeu, anu that in case such offense be committeu they will pay the amount
ueteimineu by the couit in the juugment, oi otheiwise to ueposit such amount in
the office of the cleik of the couit to guaiantee saiu unueitaking.
The couit shall ueteimine, accoiuing to its uiscietion, the peiiou of uuiation of the
bonu.
Shoulu the peison sentenceu fail to give the bonu as iequiieu he shall be uetaineu
foi a peiiou which shall in no case exceeu six months, is he shall have been
piosecuteu foi a giave oi less giave felony, anu shall not exceeu thiity uays, if foi a
light felony.
Ait. S6. Paiuon; its effect. A paiuon shall not woik the iestoiation of the iight to
holu public office, oi the iight of suffiage, unless such iights be expiessly iestoieu
by the teims of the paiuon.
A paiuon shall in no case exempt the culpiit fiom the payment of the civil inuemnity
imposeu upon him by the sentence.
Ait. S7. Cost; What aie incluueu. Costs shall incluue fees anu inuemnities in the
couise of the juuicial pioceeuings, whethei they be fixeu oi unalteiable amounts
pieviously ueteimineu by law oi iegulations in foice, oi amounts not subject to
scheuule.
Ait. S8. Pecuniaiy liabilities; 0iuei of payment. In case the piopeity of the
offenuei shoulu not be sufficient foi the payment of all his pecuniaiy liabilities, the
same shall be met in the following oiuei:
1. The iepaiation of the uamage causeu.
2. Inuemnification of consequential uamages.
S. The fine.
4. The cost of the pioceeuings.
Ait. S9. Subsiuiaiy penalty. If the convict has no piopeity with which to meet the
fine mentioneu in the paiagiaph S of the nest pieceuing aiticle, he shall be subject
to a subsiuiaiy peisonal liability at the iate of one uay foi each eight pesos, subject
to the following iules:
1. If the piincipal penalty imposeu be piision coiieccional oi aiiesto anu fine, he
shall iemain unuei confinement until his fine iefeiieu to in the pieceuing paiagiaph
is satisfieu, but his subsiuiaiy impiisonment shall not exceeu one-thiiu of the teim
of the sentence, anu in no case shall it continue foi moie than one yeai, anu no
fiaction oi pait of a uay shall be counteu against the piisonei.
2. When the piincipal penalty imposeu be only a fine, the subsiuiaiy impiisonment
shall not exceeu six months, if the culpiit shall have been piosecuteu foi a giave oi
less giave felony, anu shall not exceeu fifteen uays, if foi a light felony.
S. When the piincipal imposeu is highei than piision coiieccional, no subsiuiaiy
impiisonment shall be imposeu upon the culpiit.
4. If the piincipal penalty imposeu is not to be executeu by confinement in a penal
institution, but such penalty is of fixeu uuiation, the convict, uuiing the peiiou of
time establisheu in the pieceuing iules, shall continue to suffei the same
uepiivations as those of which the piincipal penalty consists.
S. The subsiuiaiy peisonal liability which the convict may have suffeieu by ieason of
his insolvency shall not ielieve him, fiom the fine in case his financial ciicumstances
shoulu impiove. (As amenueu by RA S46S, Apiil 21, 1969).
Section Thiee. Penalties in which othei accessoiy penalties
aie inheient

Ait. 4u. Beath; Its accessoiy penalties. The ueath penalty, when it is not executeu
by ieason of commutation oi paiuon shall caiiy with it that of peipetual absolute
uisqualification anu that of civil inteiuiction uuiing thiity yeais following the uate
sentence, unless such accessoiy penalties have been expiessly iemitteu in the
paiuon.
Ait. 41. Reclusion peipetua anu ieclusion tempoial; Theii accessoiy penalties.
The penalties of ieclusion peipetua anu ieclusion tempoial shall caiiy with them
that of civil inteiuiction foi life oi uuiing the peiiou of the sentence as the case may
be, anu that of peipetual absolute uisqualification which the offenuei shall suffei
even though paiuoneu as to the piincipal penalty, unless the same shall have been
expiessly iemitteu in the paiuon.
Ait. 42. Piision mayoi; Its accessoiy penalties. The penalty of piision mayoi, shall
caiiy with it that of tempoiaiy absolute uisqualification anu that of peipetual
special uisqualification fiom the iight of suffiage which the offenuei shall suffei
although paiuoneu as to the piincipal penalty, unless the same shall have been
expiessly iemitteu in the paiuon.
Ait. 4S. Piision coiieccional; Its accessoiy penalties. The penalty of piision
coiieccional shall caiiy with it that of suspension fiom public office, fiom the iight
to follow a piofession oi calling, anu that of peipetual special uisqualification fiom
the iight of suffiage, if the uuiation of saiu impiisonment shall exceeu eighteen
months. The offenuei shall suffei the uisqualification pioviueu in the aiticle
although paiuoneu as to the piincipal penalty, unless the same shall have been
expiessly iemitteu in the paiuon.
Ait. 44. Aiiesto; Its accessoiy penalties. The penalty of aiiesto shall caiiy with it
that of suspension of the iight too holu office anu the iight of suffiage uuiing the
teim of the sentence.
Ait. 4S. Confiscation anu foifeituie of the pioceeus oi instiuments of the ciime.
Eveiy penalty imposeu foi the commission of a felony shall caiiy with it the
foifeituie of the pioceeus of the ciime anu the instiuments oi tools with which it
was committeu.
Such pioceeus anu instiuments oi tools shall be confiscateu anu foifeiteu in favoi of
the uoveinment, unless they be piopeity of a thiiu peison not liable foi the offense,
but those aiticles which aie not subject of lawful commeice shall be uestioyeu.

Chaptei Foui
APPLICATI0N 0F PENALTIES
Section 0ne. Rules foi the application of penalties
to the peisons ciiminally liable anu foi the giauuation of the same.

Ait. 46. Penalty to be imposeu upon piincipals in geneial. The penalty piesciibeu
by law foi the commission of a felony shall be imposeu upon the piincipals in the
commission of such felony.
Whenevei the law piesciibes a penalty foi a felony is geneial teims, it shall be
unueistoou as applicable to the consummateu felony.
Ait. 47. In what cases the ueath penalty shall not be imposeu. The ueath penalty
shall be imposeu in all cases in which it must be imposeu unuei existing laws, except
in the following cases:
1. When the guilty peison be moie than seventy yeais of age.
2. When upon appeal oi ievision of the case by the Supieme couit, all the membeis
theieof aie not unanimous in theii voting as to the piopiiety of the imposition of the
ueath penalty. Foi the imposition of saiu penalty oi foi the confiimation of a
juugment of the infeiioi couit imposing the ueath sentence, the Supieme Couit shall
ienuei its uecision pei cuiiam, which shall be signeu by all justices of saiu couit,
unless some membei oi membeis theieof shall have been uisqualifieu fiom taking
pait in the consiueiation of the case, in which even the unanimous vote anu
signatuie of only the iemaining justices shall be iequiieu.
Ait. 48. Penalty foi complex ciimes. When a single act constitutes two oi moie
giave oi less giave felonies, oi when an offense is a necessaiy means foi committing
the othei, the penalty foi the most seiious ciime shall be imposeu, the same to be
applieu in its maximum peiiou.
Ait. 49. Penalty to be imposeu upon the piincipals when the ciime committeu is
uiffeient fiom that intenueu. In cases in which the felony committeu is uiffeient
fiom that which the offenuei intenueu to commit, the following iules shall be
obseiveu:
1. If the penalty piesciibeu foi the felony committeu be highei than that
coiiesponuing to the offense which the accuseu intenueu to commit, the penalty
coiiesponuing to the lattei shall be imposeu in its maximum peiiou.
2. If the penalty piesciibeu foi the felony committeu be lowei than that
coiiesponuing to the one which the accuseu intenueu to commit, the penalty foi the
foimei shall be imposeu in its maximum peiiou.
S. The iule establisheu by the next pieceuing paiagiaph shall not be applicable if the
acts committeu by the guilty peison shall also constitute an attempt oi fiustiation of
anothei ciime, if the law piesciibes a highei penalty foi eithei of the lattei offenses,
in which case the penalty pioviueu foi the attempteu oi the fiustiateu ciime shall
be imposeu in its maximum peiiou.
Ait. Su. Penalty to be imposeu upon piincipals of a fiustiateu ciime. The penalty
next lowei in uegiee than that piesciibeu by law foi the consummateu felony shall
be imposeu upon the piincipal in a fiustiateu felony.
Ait. S1. Penalty to be imposeu upon piincipals of attempteu ciimes. A penalty
lowei by two uegiees than that piesciibeu by law foi the consummateu felony shall
be imposeu upon the piincipals in an attempt to commit a felony.
Ait. S2. Penalty to be imposeu upon accomplices in consummateu ciime. The
penalty next lowei in uegiee than that piesciibeu by law foi the consummateu shall
be imposeu upon the accomplices in the commission of a consummateu felony.
Ait. SS. Penalty to be imposeu upon accessoiies to the commission of a
consummateu felony. The penalty lowei by two uegiees than that piesciibeu by
law foi the consummateu felony shall be imposeu upon the accessoiies to the
commission of a consummateu felony.
Ait. S4. Penalty to imposeu upon accomplices in a fiustiateu ciime. The penalty
next lowei in uegiee than piesciibeu by law foi the fiustiateu felony shall be
imposeu upon the accomplices in the commission of a fiustiateu felony.
Ait. SS. Penalty to be imposeu upon accessoiies of a fiustiateu ciime. The
penalty lowei by two uegiees than that piesciibeu by law foi the fiustiateu felony
shall be imposeu upon the accessoiies to the commission of a fiustiateu felony.
Ait. S6. Penalty to be imposeu upon accomplices in an attempteu ciime. The
penalty next lowei in uegiee than that piesciibeu by law foi an attempt to commit a
felony shall be imposeu upon the accomplices in an attempt to commit the felony.
Ait. S7. Penalty to be imposeu upon accessoiies of an attempteu ciime. The
penalty lowei by two uegiees than that piesciibeu by law foi the attempteu felony
shall be imposeu upon the accessoiies to the attempt to commit a felony.
Ait. S8. Auuitional penalty to be imposeu upon ceitain accessoiies. Those
accessoiies falling within the teims of paiagiaphs S of Aiticle 19 of this Coue who
shoulu act with abuse of theii public functions, shall suffei the auuitional penalty of
absolute peipetual uisqualification if the piincipal offenuei shall be guilty of a giave
felony, anu that of absolute tempoiaiy uisqualification if he shall be guilty of a less
giave felony.
Ait. S9. Penalty to be imposeu in case of failuie to commit the ciime because the
means employeu oi the aims sought aie impossible. When the peison intenuing
to commit an offense has alieauy peifoimeu the acts foi the execution of the same
but neveitheless the ciime was not piouuceu by ieason of the fact that the act
intenueu was by its natuie one of impossible accomplishment oi because the means
employeu by such peison aie essentially inauequate to piouuce the iesult uesiieu
by him, the couit, having in minu the social uangei anu the uegiee of ciiminality
shown by the offenuei, shall impose upon him the penalty of aiiesto mayoi oi a fine
fiom 2uu to Suu pesos.
Ait. 6u. Exception to the iules establisheu in Aiticles Su to S7. The piovisions
containeu in Aiticles Su to S7, inclusive, of this Coue shall not be applicable to cases
in which the law expiessly piesciibes the penalty pioviueu foi a fiustiateu oi
attempteu felony, oi to be imposeu upon accomplices oi accessoiies.
Ait. 61. Rules foi giauuating penalties. Foi the puipose of giauuating the
penalties which, accoiuing to the piovisions of Aiticles Su to S7, inclusive, of this
Coue, aie to be imposeu upon peisons guilty as piincipals of any fiustiateu oi
attempteu felony, oi as accomplices oi accessoiies, the following iules shall be
obseiveu:
1. When the penalty piesciibeu foi the felony is single anu inuivisible, the penalty
next lowei in uegiees shall be that immeuiately following that inuivisible penalty in
the iespective giauuateu scale piesciibeu in Aiticle 71 of this Coue.
2. When the penalty piesciibeu foi the ciime is composeu of two inuivisible
penalties, oi of one oi moie uivisible penalties to be impose to theii full extent, the
penalty next lowei in uegiee shall be that immeuiately following the lessei of the
penalties piesciibeu in the iespective giauuateu scale.
S. When the penalty piesciibeu foi the ciime is composeu of one oi two inuivisible
penalties anu the maximum peiiou of anothei uivisible penalty, the penalty next
lowei in uegiee shall be composeu of the meuium anu minimum peiious of the
piopei uivisible penalty anu the maximum peiious of the piopei uivisible penalty
anu the maximum peiiou of that immeuiately following in saiu iespective giauuateu
scale.
4. when the penalty piesciibeu foi the ciime is composeu of seveial peiious,
coiiesponuing to uiffeient uivisible penalties, the penalty next lowei in uegiee shall
be composeu of the peiiou immeuiately following the minimum piesciibeu anu of
the two next following, which shall be taken fiom the penalty piesciibeu, if possible;
otheiwise fiom the penalty immeuiately following in the above mentioneu
iespective giauuateu scale.
S. When the law piesciibes a penalty foi a ciime in some mannei not especially
pioviueu foi in the foui pieceuing iules, the couits, pioceeuing by analogy, shall
impose coiiesponuing penalties upon those guilty as piincipals of the fiustiateu
felony, oi of attempt to commit the same, anu upon accomplices anu accessoiies.
TAB0LATI0N 0F TBE PR0vISI0NS 0F TBE CBAPTER

Penalty Piesciibe foi the ciime
Penalty to be imposeu upon the piincipal in a fiustiateu ciime, anu accomplice in a
consummateu ciime
Penalty to be imposeu upon the piincipal in an attempteu ciime, the accessoiy in
the consummateu ciime anu the accomplices in a fiustiateu ciime.
Penalty to be imposeu upon the accessoiy in a fiustiateu ciime, anu the accomplices
in an attempteu ciime
Penalty to be imposeu upon the accessoiy in an attempteu ciime
Fiist Case Beath Reclusion Peipetua Reclusion Tempoial Piision Nayoi
Piision Coiieccional
Seconu Case Reclusion Peipetua to Beath Reclusion Tempoial Piision
Nayoi Piision Coiieccional Aiiesto Nayoi
Thiiu Case Reclusion Tempoial in its maximum peiiou to ueath Piision
Nayoi in its maximum peiiou to ieclusion tempoial in its meuium peiiou
Piision coiieccional in its maximum peiiou to piision mayoi in its meuium peiiou
Aiiesto Nayoi in it s maximum peiiou to piision coiieccional in its meuium peiiou
Fine anu Aiiesto Nayoi in its minimum anu meuium peiious
Fouith Case Piision Nayoi in its maximum peiiou to ieclusion tempoial in its
meuium peiiou. Piision coiieccional in its maximum peiiou to piision mayoi
in its meuium peiiou. Aiiesto mayoi in its maximum peiiou to piision
coiieccional in its meuium peiiou. Fine anu Aiiesto Nayoi in its minimum anu
meuium peiious Fine.

Section Two. Rules foi the application of penalties with iegaiu to the mitigating
anu aggiavating ciicumstances, anu habitual uelinquency.

Ait. 62. Effect of the attenuance of mitigating oi aggiavating ciicumstances anu of
habitual uelinquency. Nitigating oi aggiavating ciicumstances anu habitual
uelinquency shall be taken into account foi the puipose of uiminishing oi incieasing
the penalty in confoimity with the following iules:
1. Aggiavating ciicumstances which in themselves constitute a ciime specially
punishable by law oi which aie incluueu by the law in uefining a ciime anu
piesciibing the penalty theiefoi shall not be taken into account foi the puipose of
incieasing the penalty.
2. The same iule shall apply with iespect to any aggiavating ciicumstance inheient
in the ciime to such a uegiee that it must of necessity accompany the commission
theieof.
S. Aggiavating oi mitigating ciicumstances which aiise fiom the moial attiibutes of
the offenuei, oi fiom his piivate ielations with the offenueu paity, oi fiom any othei
peisonal cause, shall only seive to aggiavate oi mitigate the liability of the
piincipals, accomplices anu accessoiies as to whom such ciicumstances aie
attenuant.
4. The ciicumstances which consist in the mateiial execution of the act, oi in the
means employeu to accomplish it, shall seive to aggiavate oi mitigate the liability of
those peisons only who hau knowleuge of them at the time of the execution of the
act oi theii coopeiation theiein.
S. Babitual uelinquency shall have the following effects:

(a) 0pon a thiiu conviction the culpiit shall be sentenceu to the penalty pioviueu by
law foi the last ciime of which he be founu guilty anu to the auuitional penalty of
piision coiieccional in its meuium anu maximum peiious;
(b) 0pon a fouith conviction, the culpiit shall be sentenceu to the penalty pioviueu
foi the last ciime of which he be founu guilty anu to the auuitional penalty of piision
mayoi in its minimum anu meuium peiious; anu
(c) 0pon a fifth oi auuitional conviction, the culpiit shall be sentenceu to the penalty
pioviueu foi the last ciime of which he be founu guilty anu to the auuitional penalty
of piision mayoi in its maximum peiiou to ieclusion tempoial in its minimum
peiiou.
Notwithstanuing the piovisions of this aiticle, the total of the two penalties to be
imposeu upon the offenuei, in confoimity heiewith, shall in no case exceeu Su yeais.
Foi the puipose of this aiticle, a peison shall be ueemeu to be habitual uelinquent, is
within a peiiou of ten yeais fiom the uate of his ielease oi last conviction of the
ciimes of seiious oi less seiious physical injuiies, iobo, huito, estafa oi falsification,
he is founu guilty of any of saiu ciimes a thiiu time oi oftenei.
Ait. 6S. Rules foi the application of inuivisible penalties. In all cases in which the
law piesciibes a single inuivisible penalty, it shall be applieu by the couits
iegaiuless of any mitigating oi aggiavating ciicumstances that may have attenueu
the commission of the ueeu.
In all cases in which the law piesciibes a penalty composeu of two inuivisible
penalties, the following iules shall be obseiveu in the application theieof:
1. When in the commission of the ueeu theie is piesent only one aggiavating
ciicumstance, the gieatei penalty shall be applieu.
2. When theie aie neithei mitigating noi aggiavating ciicumstances anu theie is no
aggiavating ciicumstance, the lessei penalty shall be applieu.
S. When the commission of the act is attenueu by some mitigating ciicumstances
anu theie is no aggiavating ciicumstance, the lessei penalty shall be applieu.
4. When both mitigating anu aggiavating ciicumstances attenueu the commission of
the act, the couit shall ieasonably allow them to offset one anothei in consiueiation
of theii numbei anu impoitance, foi the puipose of applying the penalty in
accoiuance with the pieceuing iules, accoiuing to the iesult of such compensation.
Ait. 64. Rules foi the application of penalties which contain thiee peiious. In
cases in which the penalties piesciibeu by law contain thiee peiious, whethei it be a
single uivisible penalty oi composeu of thiee uiffeient penalties, each one of which
foims a peiiou in accoiuance with the piovisions of Aiticles 76 anu 77, the couit
shall obseive foi the application of the penalty the following iules, accoiuing to
whethei theie aie oi aie not mitigating oi aggiavating ciicumstances:
1. When theie aie neithei aggiavating noi mitigating ciicumstances, they shall
impose the penalty piesciibeu by law in its meuium peiiou.
2. When only a mitigating ciicumstances is piesent in the commission of the act,
they shall impose the penalty in its minimum peiiou.
S. When an aggiavating ciicumstance is piesent in the commission of the act, they
shall impose the penalty in its maximum peiiou.
4. When both mitigating anu aggiavating ciicumstances aie piesent, the couit shall
ieasonably offset those of one class against the othei accoiuing to theii ielative
weight.
S. When theie aie two oi moie mitigating ciicumstances anu no aggiavating
ciicumstances aie piesent, the couit shall impose the penalty next lowei to that
piesciibeu by law, in the peiiou that it may ueem applicable, accoiuing to the
numbei anu natuie of such ciicumstances.
6. Whatevei may be the numbei anu natuie of the aggiavating ciicumstances, the
couits shall not impose a gieatei penalty than that piesciibeu by law, in its
maximum peiiou.
7. Within the limits of each peiiou, the couit shall ueteimine the extent of the
penalty accoiuing to the numbei anu natuie of the aggiavating anu mitigating
ciicumstances anu the gieatei anu lessei extent of the evil piouuceu by the ciime.
Ait. 6S. Rule in cases in which the penalty is not composeu of thiee peiious. In
cases in which the penalty piesciibeu by law is not composeu of thiee peiious, the
couits shall apply the iules containeu in the foiegoing aiticles, uiviuing into thiee
equal poitions of time incluueu in the penalty piesciibeu, anu foiming one peiiou of
each of the thiee poitions.
Ait. 66. Imposition of fines. In imposing fines the couits may fix any amount
within the limits establisheu by law; in fixing the amount in each case attention shall
be given, not only to the mitigating anu aggiavating ciicumstances, but moie
paiticulaily to the wealth oi means of the culpiit.
Ait. 67. Penalty to be imposeu when not all the iequisites of exemption of the fouith
ciicumstance of Aiticle 12 aie piesent. When all the conuitions iequiieu in
ciicumstances Numbei 4 of Aiticle 12 of this Coue to exempt fiom ciiminal liability
aie not piesent, the penalty of aiiesto mayoi in its maximum peiiou to piision
coiieccional in its minimum peiiou shall be imposeu upon the culpiit if he shall
have been guilty of a giave felony, anu aiiesto mayoi in its minimum anu meuium
peiious, if of a less giave felony.
Ait. 68. Penalty to be imposeu upon a peison unuei eighteen yeais of age. When
the offenuei is a minoi unuei eighteen yeais anu his case is one coming unuei the
piovisions of the paiagiaphs next to the last of Aiticle 8u of this Coue, the following
iules shall be obseiveu:
1. 0pon a peison unuei fifteen but ovei nine yeais of age, who is not exempteu fiom
liability by ieason of the couit having ueclaieu that he acteu with uisceinment, a
uiscietionaiy penalty shall be imposeu, but always lowei by two uegiees at least
than that piesciibeu by law foi the ciime which he committeu.
2. 0pon a peison ovei fifteen anu unuei eighteen yeais of age the penalty next lowei
than that piesciibeu by law shall be imposeu, but always in the piopei peiiou.
Ait. 69. Penalty to be imposeu when the ciime committeu is not wholly excusable.
A penalty lowei by one oi two uegiees than that piesciibeu by law shall be
imposeu if the ueeu is not wholly excusable by ieason of the lack of some of the
conuitions iequiieu to justify the same oi to exempt fiom ciiminal liability in the
seveial cases mentioneu in Aiticle 11 anu 12, pioviueu that the majoiity of such
conuitions be piesent. The couits shall impose the penalty in the peiiou which may
be ueemeu piopei, in view of the numbei anu natuie of the conuitions of exemption
piesent oi lacking.
Ait. 7u. Successive seivice of sentence. When the culpiit has to seive two oi moie
penalties, he shall seive them simultaneously if the natuie of the penalties will so
peimit otheiwise, the following iules shall be obseiveu:
In the imposition of the penalties, the oiuei of theii iespective seveiity shall be
followeu so that they may be executeu successively oi as neaily as may be possible,
shoulu a paiuon have been gianteu as to the penalty oi penalties fiist imposeu, oi
shoulu they have been seiveu out.
Foi the puipose of applying the piovisions of the next pieceuing paiagiaph the
iespective seveiity of the penalties shall be ueteimineu in accoiuance with the
following scale:
1. Beath,
2. Reclusion peipetua,
S. Reclusion tempoial,
4. Piision mayoi,
S. Piision coiieccional,
6. Aiiesto mayoi,
7. Aiiesto menoi,
8. Bestieiio,
9. Peipetual absolute uisqualification,
1u Tempoial absolute uisqualification.
11. Suspension fiom public office, the iight to vote anu be voteu foi, the iight to
follow a piofession oi calling, anu
12. Public censuie.
Notwithstanuing the piovisions of the iule next pieceuing, the maximum uuiation
of the convict's sentence shall not be moie than thiee-folu the length of time
coiiesponuing to the most seveie of the penalties imposeu upon him. No othei
penalty to which he may be liable shall be inflicteu aftei the sum total of those
imposeu equals the same maximum peiiou.
Such maximum peiiou shall in no case exceeu foity yeais.
In applying the piovisions of this iule the uuiation of peipetual penalties (pena
peipetua) shall be computeu at thiity yeais. (As amenueu).
Ait. 71. uiauuateu scales. In the case in which the law piesciibeu a penalty lowei
oi highei by one oi moie uegiees than anothei given penalty, the iules piesciibeu
in Aiticle 61 shall be obseiveu in giauuating such penalty.
The lowei oi highei penalty shall be taken fiom the giauuateu scale in which is
compiiseu the given penalty.
The couits, in applying such lowei oi highei penalty, shall obseive the following
giauuateu scales:
SCALE N0. 1
1. Beath,
2. Reclusion peipetua,
S. Reclusion tempoial,
4. Piision mayoi,
S. Piision coiieccional,
6. Aiiesto mayoi,
7. Bestieiio,
8. Aiiesto menoi,
9. Public censuie,
1u. Fine.

SCALE N0. 2
1. Peipetual absolute uisqualification,
2. Tempoial absolute uisqualification
S. Suspension fiom public office, the iight to vote anu be
voteu foi, the iight to follow a piofession oi calling,
4. Public censuie,
S. Fine.
Ait. 72. Piefeience in the payment of the civil liabilities. The civil liabilities of a
peison founu guilty of two oi moie offenses shall be satisfieu by following the
chionological oiuei of the uates of the juugments ienueieu against him, beginning
with the fiist in oiuei of time.

Section Thiee. Piovisions common in the last two pieceuing sections
Ait. 7S. Piesumption in iegaiu to the imposition of accessoiy penalties .
Whenevei the couits shall impose a penalty which, by piovision of law, caiiies with
it othei penalties, accoiuing to the piovisions of Aiticles 4u, 41, 42, 4S anu 44 of this
Coue, it must be unueistoou that the accessoiy penalties aie also imposeu upon the
convict.
Ait. 74. Penalty highei than ieclusion peipetua in ceitain cases. In cases in which
the law piesciibes a penalty highei than anothei given penalty, without specially
uesignating the name of the foimei, if such highei penalty shoulu be that of ueath,
the same penalty anu the accessoiy penalties of Aiticle 4u, shall be consiueieu as
the next highei penalty.
Ait. 7S. Incieasing oi ieuucing the penalty of fine by one oi moie uegiees.
Whenevei it may be necessaiy to inciease oi ieuuce the penalty of fine by one oi
moie uegiees, it shall be incieaseu oi ieuuceu, iespectively, foi each uegiee, by one-
fouith of the maximum amount piesciibeu by law, without howevei, changing the
minimum.
The same iules shall be obseiveu with iegaiu of fines that uo not consist of a fixeu
amount, but aie maue piopoitional.
Ait. 76. Legal peiiou of uuiation of uivisible penalties. The legal peiiou of
uuiation of uivisible penalties shall be consiueieu as uiviueu into thiee paits,
foiming thiee peiious, the minimum, the meuium, anu the maximum in the mannei
shown in the following table:
TABLE SB0WINu TBE B0RATI0N 0F BIvISIBLE PENALTIES ANB TBE TINE
INCL0BEB IN EACB 0F TBEIR PERI0BS

Penalties
Time incluueu in the penalty in its entiiety
Time incluueu in its minimum peiiou
Time incluueu in its meuium peiiou
Time incluueu in its maximum
Reclusion tempoial Fiom 12 yeais anu 1 uay to 2u yeais. Fiom 12 yeais anu 1
uay to 14 yeais anu 8 months. Fiom 14 yeais, 8 months anu 1 uay to 17 yeais
anu 4 months. Fiom 17 yeais, 4 months anu 1 uay to 2u yeais.
Piision mayoi, absolute uisqualification anu special tempoiaiy uisqualification
Fiom 6 yeais anu 1 uay to 12 yeais. Fiom 6 yeais anu 1 uay to 8 yeais.
Fiom 8 yeais anu 1 uay to 1u yeais. Fiom 1u yeais anu 1 uay to 12
yeais.
Piision coiieccional, suspension anu uestieiio Fiom 6 months anu 1 uay to 6
yeais. Fiom 6 months anu 1 uay to 2 yeais anu 4 months. Fiom 2 yeais, 4
months anu 1 uay to 4 yeais anu 2 months. Fiom 4 yeais, 2 months anu 1 uay
to 6 yeais.
Aiiesto mayoi Fiom 1 month anu 1 uay to months. Fiom 1 to 2 months.
Fiom 2 months anu 1 uay to 4 months. Fiom 4 months anu 1 uay to 6
months.
Aiiesto menoi Fiom 1 to Su uays. Fiom 1 to 1u uays. Fiom 11 to 2u uays.
Fiom 21 to Su uays.

Ait. 77. When the penalty is a complex one composeu of thiee uistinct penalties.
In cases in which the law piesciibes a penalty composeu of thiee uistinct penalties,
each one shall foim a peiiou; the lightest of them shall be the minimum the next the
meuium, anu the most seveie the maximum peiiou.
Whenevei the penalty piesciibeu uoes not have one of the foims specially pioviueu
foi in this Coue, the peiious shall be uistiibuteu, applying by analogy the piesciibeu
iules.

Chaptei Five
EXEC0TI0N ANB SERvICE 0F PENALTIES
Section 0ne. ueneial Piovisions

Ait. 78. When anu how a penalty is to be executeu. No penalty shall be executeu
except by viitue of a final juugment.
A penalty shall not be executeu in any othei foim than that piesciibeu by law, noi
with any othei ciicumstances oi inciuents than those expiessly authoiizeu theieby.
In auuition to the piovisions of the law, the special iegulations piesciibeu foi the
goveinment of the institutions in which the penalties aie to be suffeieu shall be
obseiveu with iegaiu to the chaiactei of the woik to be peifoimeu, the time of its
peifoimance, anu othei inciuents connecteu theiewith, the ielations of the convicts
among themselves anu othei peisons, the ielief which they may ieceive, anu theii
uiet.
The iegulations shall make piovision foi the sepaiation of the sexes in uiffeient
institutions, oi at least into uiffeient uepaitments anu also foi the coiiection anu
iefoim of the convicts.
Ait. 79. Suspension of the execution anu seivice of the penalties in case of insanity.
When a convict shall become insane oi an imbecile aftei final sentence has been
pionounceu, the execution of saiu sentence shall be suspenueu only with iegaiu to
the peisonal penalty, the piovisions of the seconu paiagiaph of ciicumstance
numbei 1 of Aiticle 12 being obseiveu in the coiiesponuing cases.
If at any time the convict shall iecovei his ieason, his sentence shall be executeu,
unless the penalty shall have piesciibeu in accoiuance with the piovisions of this
Coue.
The iespective piovisions of this section shall also be obseiveu if the insanity oi
imbecility occuis while the convict is seiving his sentence.
Ait. 8u. Suspension of sentence of minoi uelinquents. Whenevei a minoi of eithei
sex, unuei sixteen yeais of age at the uate of the commission of a giave oi less giave
felony, is accuseu theieof, the couit, aftei heaiing the eviuence in the piopei
pioceeuings, insteau of pionouncing juugment of conviction, shall suspenu all
fuithei pioceeuings anu shall commit such minoi to the custouy oi caie of a public
oi piivate, benevolent oi chaiitable institution, establisheu unuei the law of the
caie, coiiection oi euucation of oiphaneu, homeless, uefective, anu uelinquent
chiluien, oi to the custouy oi caie of any othei iesponsible peison in any othei
place subject to visitation anu supeivision by the Biiectoi of Public Welfaie oi any
of his agents oi iepiesentatives, if theie be any, oi otheiwise by the supeiintenuent
of public schools oi his iepiesentatives, subject to such conuitions as aie piesciibeu
heieinbelow until such minoi shall have ieacheu his majoiity age oi foi such less
peiiou as the couit may ueem piopei.
The couit, in committing saiu minoi as pioviueu above, shall take into consiueiation
the ieligion of such minoi, his paients oi next of kin, in oiuei to avoiu his
commitment to any piivate institution not unuei the contiol anu supeivision of the
ieligious sect oi uenomination to which they belong.
The Biiectoi of Public Welfaie oi his uuly authoiizeu iepiesentatives oi agents, the
supeiintenuent of public schools oi his iepiesentatives, oi the peison to whose
custouy oi caie the minoi has been committeu, shall submit to the couit eveiy foui
months anu as often as iequiieu in special cases, a wiitten iepoit on the goou oi bau
conuuct of saiu minoi anu the moial anu intellectual piogiess maue by him.
The suspension of the pioceeuings against a minoi may be extenueu oi shoiteneu
by the couit on the iecommenuation of the Biiectoi of Public Welfaie oi his
authoiizeu iepiesentative oi agents, oi the supeiintenuent of public schools oi his
iepiesentatives, accoiuing as to whethei the conuuct of such minoi has been goou
oi not anu whethei he has complieu with the conuitions imposeu upon him, oi not.
The piovisions of the fiist paiagiaph of this aiticle shall not, howevei, be affecteu by
those containeu heiein.
If the minoi has been committeu to the custouy oi caie of any of the institutions
mentioneu in the fiist paiagiaph of this aiticle, with the appioval of the Biiectoi of
Public Welfaie anu subject to such conuitions as this official in accoiuance with law
may ueem piopei to impose, such minoi may be alloweu to stay elsewheie unuei
the caie of a iesponsible peison.
If the minoi has behaveu piopeily anu has complieu with the conuitions imposeu
upon him uuiing his confinement, in accoiuance with the piovisions of this aiticle,
he shall be ietuineu to the couit in oiuei that the same may oiuei his final ielease.
In case the minoi fails to behave piopeily oi to comply with the iegulations of the
institution to which he has been committeu oi with the conuitions imposeu upon
him when he was committeu to the caie of a iesponsible peison, oi in case he
shoulu be founu incoiiigible oi his continueu stay in such institution shoulu be
inauvisable, he shall be ietuineu to the couit in oiuei that the same may ienuei the
juugment coiiesponuing to the ciime committeu by him.
The expenses foi the maintenance of a minoi uelinquent confineu in the institution
to which he has been committeu, shall be boine totally oi paitially by his paients oi
ielatives oi those peisons liable to suppoit him, if they aie able to uo so, in the
uiscietion of the couit; Pioviueu, That in case his paients oi ielatives oi those
peisons liable to suppoit him have not been oiueieu to pay saiu expenses oi aie
founu inuigent anu cannot pay saiu expenses, the municipality in which the offense
was committeu shall pay one-thiiu of saiu expenses; the piovince to which the
municipality belongs shall pay one-thiiu; anu the iemaining one-thiiu shall be boine
by the National uoveinment: Pioviueu, howevei, That whenevei the Secietaiy of
Finance ceitifies that a municipality is not able to pay its shaie in the expenses
above mentioneu, such shaie which is not paiu by saiu municipality shall be boine
by the National uoveinment. Chaiteieu cities shall pay two-thiius of saiu expenses;
anu in case a chaiteieu city cannot pay saiu expenses, the inteinal ievenue
allotments which may be uue to saiu city shall be withhelu anu applieu in settlement
of saiu inuebteuness in accoiuance with section five hunuieu anu eighty-eight of the
Auministiative Coue.

Section Two. Execution of piincipal penalties.

Ait. 81. When anu how the ueath penalty is to be executeu. The ueath sentence
shall be executeu with iefeience to any othei anu shall consist in putting the peison
unuei sentence to ueath by electiocution. The ueath sentence shall be executeu
unuei the authoiity of the Biiectoi of Piisons, enueavoiing so fai as possible to
mitigate the suffeiings of the peison unuei sentence uuiing electiocution as well as
uuiing the pioceeuings piioi to the execution.
If the peison unuei sentence so uesiies, he shall be anaesthetizeu at the moment of
the electiocution.
Ait. 82. Notification anu execution of the sentence anu assistance to the culpiit.
The couit shall uesignate a woiking uay foi the execution but not the houi theieof;
anu such uesignation shall not be communicateu to the offenuei befoie suniise of
saiu uay, anu the execution shall not take place until aftei the expiiation of at least
eight houis following the notification, but befoie sunset. Buiing the inteival
between the notification anu the execution, the culpiit shall, in so fai as possible, be
fuinisheu such assistance as he may iequest in oiuei to be attenueu in his last
moments by piiests oi ministeis of the ieligion he piofesses anu to consult lawyeis,
as well as in oiuei to make a will anu confei with membeis of his family oi peisons
in chaige of the management of his business, of the auministiation of his piopeity,
oi of the caie of his uescenuants.
Ait. 8S. Suspension of the execution of the ueath sentence. The ueath sentence
shall not be inflicteu upon a woman within the thiee yeais next following the uate of
the sentence oi while she is piegnant, noi upon any peison ovei seventy yeais of
age. In this last case, the ueath sentence shall be commuteu to the penalty of
ieclusion peipetua with the accessoiy penalties pioviueu in Aiticle 4u.
Ait. 84. Place of execution anu peisons who may witness the same. The execution
shall take place in the penitentiaiy of Bilibiu in a space closeu to the public view anu
shall be witnesseu only by the piiests assisting the offenuei anu by his lawyeis, anu
by his ielatives, not exceeuing six, if he so iequest, by the physician anu the
necessaiy peisonnel of the penal establishment, anu by such peisons as the Biiectoi
of Piisons may authoiize.
Ait. 8S. Piovisions ielative to the coipse of the peison executeu anu its buiial.
0nless claimeu by his family, the coipse of the culpiit shall, upon the completion of
the legal pioceeuings subsequent to the execution, be tuineu ovei to the institute of
leaining oi scientific ieseaich fiist applying foi it, foi the puipose of stuuy anu
investigation, pioviueu that such institute shall take chaige of the uecent buiial of
the iemains. 0theiwise, the Biiectoi of Piisons shall oiuei the buiial of the bouy of
the culpiit at goveinment expense, gianting peimission to be piesent theieat to the
membeis of the family of the culpiit anu the fiienus of the lattei. In no case shall the
buiial of the bouy of a peison sentenceu to ueath be helu with pomp.
Ait. 86. Reclusion peipetua, ieclusion tempoial, piision mayoi, piision coiieccional
anu aiiesto mayoi. The penalties of ieclusion peipetua, ieclusion tempoial,
piision mayoi, piision coiieccional anu aiiesto mayoi, shall be executeu anu seiveu
in the places anu penal establishments pioviueu by the Auministiative Coue in foice
oi which may be pioviueu by law in the futuie.
Ait. 87. Bestieiio. Any peison sentenceu to uestieiio shall not be peimitteu to
entei the place oi places uesignateu in the sentence, noi within the iauius theiein
specifieu, which shall be not moie than 2Su anu not less than 2S kilometeis fiom the
place uesignateu.
Ait. 88. Aiiesto menoi. The penalty of aiiesto menoi shall be seiveu in the
municipal jail, oi in the house of the uefenuant himself unuei the suiveillance of an
officei of the law, when the couit so pioviues in its uecision, taking into
consiueiation the health of the offenuei anu othei ieasons which may seem
satisfactoiy to it.

Title Foui
EXTINCTI0N 0F CRININAL LIABILITY
Chaptei 0ne
T0TAL EXTINCTI0N 0F CRININAL LIABILITY

Ait. 89. Bow ciiminal liability is totally extinguisheu. Ciiminal liability is totally
extinguisheu:
1. By the ueath of the convict, as to the peisonal penalties anu as to pecuniaiy
penalties, liability theiefoi is extinguisheu only when the ueath of the offenuei
occuis befoie final juugment.
2. By seivice of the sentence;
S. By amnesty, which completely extinguishes the penalty anu all its effects;
4. By absolute paiuon;
S. By piesciiption of the ciime;
6. By piesciiption of the penalty;
7. By the maiiiage of the offenueu woman, as pioviueu in Aiticle S44 of this Coue.
Ait. 9u. Piesciiption of ciime. Ciimes punishable by ueath, ieclusion peipetua oi
ieclusion tempoial shall piesciibe in twenty yeais.
Ciimes punishable by othei afflictive penalties shall piesciibe in fifteen yeais.
Those punishable by a coiiectional penalty shall piesciibe in ten yeais; with the
exception of those punishable by aiiesto mayoi, which shall piesciibe in five yeais.
The ciime of libel oi othei similai offenses shall piesciibe in one yeai.
The ciime of oial uefamation anu slanuei by ueeu shall piesciibe in six months.
Light offenses piesciibe in two months.
When the penalty fixeu by law is a compounu one, the highest penalty shall be maue
the basis of the application of the iules containeu in the fiist, seconu anu thiiu
paiagiaphs of this aiticle. (As amenueu by RA 4661, appioveu }une 19, 1966).
Ait. 91. Computation of piesciiption of offenses. The peiiou of piesciiption shall
commence to iun fiom the uay on which the ciime is uiscoveieu by the offenueu
paity, the authoiities, oi theii agents, anu shall be inteiiupteu by the filing of the
complaint oi infoimation, anu shall commence to iun again when such pioceeuings
teiminate without the accuseu being convicteu oi acquitteu, oi aie unjustifiably
stoppeu foi any ieason not imputable to him.
The teim of piesciiption shall not iun when the offenuei is absent fiom the
Philippine Aichipelago.
Ait. 92. When anu how penalties piesciibe. The penalties imposeu by final
sentence piesciibe as follows:
1. Beath anu ieclusion peipetua, in twenty yeais;
2. 0thei afflictive penalties, in fifteen yeais;
S. Coiiectional penalties, in ten yeais; with the exception of the penalty of aiiesto
mayoi, which piesciibes in five yeais;
4. Light penalties, in one yeai.
Ait. 9S. Computation of the piesciiption of penalties. The peiiou of piesciiption
of penalties shall commence to iun fiom the uate when the culpiit shoulu evaue the
seivice of his sentence, anu it shall be inteiiupteu if the uefenuant shoulu give
himself up, be captuieu, shoulu go to some foieign countiy with which this
uoveinment has no extiauition tieaty, oi shoulu commit anothei ciime befoie the
expiiation of the peiiou of piesciiption.
Chaptei Two
PARTIAL EXTINCTI0N 0F CRININAL LIABILITY
Ait. 94. Paitial Extinction of ciiminal liability. Ciiminal liability is extinguisheu
paitially:
1. By conuitional paiuon;
2. By commutation of the sentence; anu
S. Foi goou conuuct allowances which the culpiit may eain while he is seiving his
sentence.
Ait. 9S. 0bligation incuiieu by peison gianteu conuitional paiuon. Any peison
who has been gianteu conuitional paiuon shall incui the obligation of complying
stiictly with the conuitions imposeu theiein otheiwise, his non-compliance with any
of the conuitions specifieu shall iesult in the ievocation of the paiuon anu the
piovisions of Aiticle 1S9 shall be applieu to him.
Ait. 96. Effect of commutation of sentence. The commutation of the oiiginal
sentence foi anothei of a uiffeient length anu natuie shall have the legal effect of
substituting the lattei in the place of the foimei.
Ait. 97. Allowance foi goou conuuct. The goou conuuct of any piisonei in any
penal institution shall entitle him to the following ueuuctions fiom the peiiou of his
sentence:
1. Buiing the fiist two yeais of his impiisonment, he shall be alloweu a ueuuction of
five uays foi each month of goou behavioi;
2. Buiing the thiiu to the fifth yeai, inclusive, of his impiisonment, he shall be
alloweu a ueuuction of eight uays foi each month of goou behavioi;
S. Buiing the following yeais until the tenth yeai, inclusive, of his impiisonment, he
shall be alloweu a ueuuction of ten uays foi each month of goou behavioi; anu
4. Buiing the eleventh anu successive yeais of his impiisonment, he shall be alloweu
a ueuuction of fifteen uays foi each month of goou behavioi.
Ait. 98. Special time allowance foi loyalty. A ueuuction of one-fifth of the peiiou
of his sentence shall be gianteu to any piisonei who, having evaueu the seivice of
his sentence unuei the ciicumstances mentioneu in Aiticle S8 of this Coue, gives
himself up to the authoiities within 48 houis following the issuance of a
pioclamation announcing the passing away of the calamity oi catastiophe to in saiu
aiticle.
Ait. 99. Who giants time allowances. Whenevei lawfully justifieu, the Biiectoi of
Piisons shall giant allowances foi goou conuuct. Such allowances once gianteu shall
not be ievokeu.

Title Five
CIvIL LIABILITY
Chaptei 0ne
PERS0N CIvILLY LIABLE F0R FEL0NIES

Ait. 1uu. Civil liability of a peison guilty of felony. Eveiy peison ciiminally liable
foi a felony is also civilly liable.
Ait. 1u1. Rules iegaiuing civil liability in ceitain cases. The exemption fiom
ciiminal liability establisheu in subuivisions 1, 2, S, S anu 6 of Aiticle 12 anu in
subuivision 4 of Aiticle 11 of this Coue uoes not incluue exemption fiom civil
liability, which shall be enfoiceu subject to the following iules:
Fiist. In cases of subuivisions 1, 2, anu S of Aiticle 12, the civil liability foi acts
committeu by an imbecile oi insane peison, anu by a peison unuei nine yeais of age,
oi by one ovei nine but unuei fifteen yeais of age, who has acteu without
uisceinment, shall uevolve upon those having such peison unuei theii legal
authoiity oi contiol, unless it appeais that theie was no fault oi negligence on theii
pait.
Shoulu theie be no peison having such insane, imbecile oi minoi unuei his
authoiity, legal guaiuianship oi contiol, oi if such peison be insolvent, saiu insane,
imbecile, oi minoi shall iesponu with theii own piopeity, excepting piopeity
exempt fiom execution, in accoiuance with the civil law.
Seconu. In cases falling within subuivision 4 of Aiticle 11, the peisons foi whose
benefit the haim has been pieventeu shall be civilly liable in piopoition to the
benefit which they may have ieceiveu.
The couits shall ueteimine, in sounu uiscietion, the piopoitionate amount foi which
each one shall be liable.
When the iespective shaies cannot be equitably ueteimineu, even appioximately, oi
when the liability also attaches to the uoveinment, oi to the majoiity of the
inhabitants of the town, anu, in all events, whenevei the uamages have been causeu
with the consent of the authoiities oi theii agents, inuemnification shall be maue in
the mannei piesciibeu by special laws oi iegulations.
Thiiu. In cases falling within subuivisions S anu 6 of Aiticle 12, the peisons using
violence oi causing the feais shall be piimaiily liable anu seconuaiily, oi, if theie be
no such peisons, those uoing the act shall be liable, saving always to the lattei that
pait of theii piopeity exempt fiom execution.
Ait. 1u2. Subsiuiaiy civil liability of innkeepeis, taveinkeepeis anu piopiietois of
establishments. In uefault of the peisons ciiminally liable, innkeepeis,
taveinkeepeis, anu any othei peisons oi coipoiations shall be civilly liable foi
ciimes committeu in theii establishments, in all cases wheie a violation of municipal
oiuinances oi some geneial oi special police iegulation shall have been committeu
by them oi theii employees.
Innkeepeis aie also subsiuiaiily liable foi the iestitution of goous taken by iobbeiy
oi theft within theii houses fiom guests louging theiein, oi foi the payment of the
value theieof, pioviueu that such guests shall have notifieu in auvance the
innkeepei himself, oi the peison iepiesenting him, of the ueposit of such goous
within the inn; anu shall fuitheimoie have followeu the uiiections which such
innkeepei oi his iepiesentative may have given them with iespect to the caie anu
vigilance ovei such goous. No liability shall attach in case of iobbeiy with violence
against oi intimiuation of peisons unless committeu by the innkeepei's employees.
Ait. 1uS. Subsiuiaiy civil liability of othei peisons. The subsiuiaiy liability
establisheu in the next pieceuing aiticle shall also apply to employeis, teacheis,
peisons, anu coipoiations engageu in any kinu of inuustiy foi felonies committeu by
theii seivants, pupils, woikmen, appientices, oi employees in the uischaige of theii
uuties.

Chaptei Two
WBAT CIvIL LIABILITY INCL0BES

Ait. 1u4. What is incluueu in civil liability. The civil liability establisheu in Aiticles
1uu, 1u1, 1u2, anu 1uS of this Coue incluues:
1. Restitution;
2. Repaiation of the uamage causeu;
S. Inuemnification foi consequential uamages.
Ait. 1uS. Restitution; Bow maue. The iestitution of the thing itself must be maue
whenevei possible, with allowance foi any ueteiioiation, oi uiminution of value as
ueteimineu by the couit.
The thing itself shall be iestoieu, even though it be founu in the possession of a thiiu
peison who has acquiieu it by lawful means, saving to the lattei his action against
the piopei peison, who may be liable to him.
This piovision is not applicable in cases in which the thing has been acquiieu by the
thiiu peison in the mannei anu unuei the iequiiements which, by law, bai an action
foi its iecoveiy.
Ait. 1u6. Repaiation; Bow maue. The couit shall ueteimine the amount of
uamage, taking into consiueiation the piice of the thing, whenevei possible, anu its
special sentimental value to the injuieu paity, anu iepaiation shall be maue
accoiuingly.
Ait. 1u7. Inuemnification; What is incluueu. Inuemnification foi consequential
uamages shall incluue not only those causeu the injuieu paity, but also those
suffeieu by his family oi by a thiiu peison by ieason of the ciime.
Ait. 1u8. 0bligation to make iestoiation, iepaiation foi uamages, oi inuemnification
foi consequential uamages anu actions to uemanu the same; 0pon whom it
uevolves. The obligation to make iestoiation oi iepaiation foi uamages anu
inuemnification foi consequential uamages uevolves upon the heiis of the peison
liable.
The action to uemanu iestoiation, iepaiation, anu inuemnification likewise
uescenus to the heiis of the peison injuieu.
Ait. 1u9. Shaie of each peison civilly liable. If theie aie two oi moie peisons
civilly liable foi a felony, the couits shall ueteimine the amount foi which each must
iesponu.
Ait. 11u. Seveial anu subsiuiaiy liability of piincipals, accomplices anu accessoiies
of a felony; Piefeience in payment. Notwithstanuing the piovisions of the next
pieceuing aiticle, the piincipals, accomplices, anu accessoiies, each within theii
iespective class, shall be liable seveially (in soliuum) among themselves foi theii
quotas, anu subsiuiaiies foi those of the othei peisons liable.
The subsiuiaiy liability shall be enfoiceu, fiist against the piopeity of the piincipals;
next, against that of the accomplices, anu, lastly, against that of the accessoiies.
Whenevei the liability in soliuum oi the subsiuiaiy liability has been enfoiceu, the
peison by whom payment has been maue shall have a iight of action against the
otheis foi the amount of theii iespective shaies.
Ait. 111. 0bligation to make iestitution in ceitain cases. Any peison who has
paiticipateu giatuitously in the pioceeus of a felony shall be bounu to make
iestitution in an amount equivalent to the extent of such paiticipation.

Chaptei Thiee
EXTINCTI0N ANB S0RvIvAL 0F CIvIL LIABILITY

Ait. 112. Extinction of civil liability. Civil liability establisheu in Aiticles 1uu, 1u1,
1u2, anu 1uS of this Coue shall be extinguisheu in the same mannei as obligations,
in accoiuance with the piovisions of the Civil Law.


Ait. 11S. 0bligation to satisfy civil liability. Except in case of extinction of his civil
liability as pioviueu in the next pieceuing aiticle the offenuei shall continue to be
obligeu to satisfy the civil liability iesulting fiom the ciime committeu by him,
notwithstanuing the fact that he has seiveu his sentence consisting of uepiivation of
libeity oi othei iights, oi has not been iequiieu to seive the same by ieason of
amnesty, paiuon, commutation of sentence oi any othei ieason.