EGG SHELLS AS FLOCCULANT IN WATER

CALCIUM CARBONATE FROM EGG SHELLS

The main ingredient in eggshells is calcium carbonae !he same brile "hie su## ha chal$%
limesone% ca&e salacies% sea shells% coral% an' (earls are ma'e o#)* The shell isel# is abou
+,- CaCO. !"hich is also he main ingre'ien in sea shells)* The remaining ,- inclu'es
calcium (hos(hae an' magnesium carbonae an' soluble an' insoluble (roeins*
To remove% (u he egg in a glass o# &inegar% co&er i an' lea&e i here #or a cou(le o# 'a/s*
Aceic aci' is he res(onsible subsance ha reacs "ih he calcium carbonae* I# /ou nee' he
calcium carbonae in a useable #orm% a$e he egg ou o# he glass% le he &inegar e&a(orae%
hen scra(e he calcium carbonae o## o# he insi'e o# he glass*
CALCIUM CARBONATE TO CALCIUM O0I1E
This is accompished b/ heaing he maerial o abo&e 23, 4C !5%,56 4F)% a (rocess calle'
calcinaion or lime-burning% o liberae a molecule o# carbon 'io7i'e !CO3)8 lea&ing 9uic$lime*
CaCO! ""#""$ CaO % CO&
CALCIUM O0I1E TO CALCIUM H:1RO0I1E
Calcium h/'ro7i'e% ra'iionall/ calle' sla$e' lime% is an inorganic com(oun' "ih he chemical
#ormula Ca!OH)3* I is a colorless cr/sal or "hie (o"'er an' is obaine' "hen calcium o7i'e
!calle' lime or 9uic$lime) is mi7e'% or ;sla$e'; "ih "aer* I has man/ names inclu'ing h/'rae'
lime% buil'ers< lime% slac$ lime% cal% or (ic$ling lime* Calcium h/'ro7i'e is use' in man/
a((licaions% inclu'ing #oo' (re(araion* Lime"aer is he common name #or a saurae' soluion
o# calcium h/'ro7i'e*
I' (ater is added o Calcium o7i'e% he Calcium h/'ro7i'e is #orme'=
CaO % H&O """"$ Ca)OH*&
This can +e again converted +ac, o Calcium carbonae% b/ blo"ing Carbon 'io7i'e hrough
he soluion* The "hie (reci(iae is Calcium carbonae=
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ----> CaCO3 + H2O
-artices 'iner than ./0 1m !5>
?6
m) in "aer remain coninuousl/ in moion 'ue o elecrosaic
charge !o#en negai&e) "hich causes hem o re(el each oher* Once heir elecrosaic charge
is neurali@e' b/ he use o# a coagulan chemical% he #iner (aricles sar o colli'e an'
agglomerae !combine ogeher) un'er he in#luence o# Aan 'er Baals<s #orces* These larger
an' hea&ier (aricles are calle' #locs*
Focc2ants3 or 'occ2ating agents !also $no"n as #loc$ing agens)% are chemicals ha
(romoe #locculaion b/ causing colloi's an' oher sus(en'e' (aricles in li9ui's o aggregae%
#orming a #loc* Focc2ants are 2sed in (ater treatment (rocesses o im(ro&e he
se'imenaion or #ilerabili/ o# small (aricles* For e7am(le% a #locculan ma/ be use' in
s"imming (ool or 'rin$ing "aer #ilraion o ai' remo&al o# microsco(ic (aricles "hich "oul'
oher"ise cause he "aer o be urbi' !clou'/) an' "hich "oul' be 'i##icul or im(ossible o
remo&e b/ #ilraion alone*
Man/ #locculans are muli&alen caions such as aluminium% iron% calcium or magnesium*

These
(osii&el/ charge' molecules inerac "ih negai&el/ charge' (aricles an' molecules o re'uce
he barriers o aggregaion* In a''iion% man/ o# hese chemicals% un'er a((ro(riae (H an'
oher con'iions such as em(eraure an' salini/% reac "ih "aer o #orm insoluble h/'ro7i'es
"hich% u(on (reci(iaing% lin$ ogeher o #orm long chains or meshes% (h/sicall/ ra((ing small
(aricles ino he larger #loc*
Because i is (ro'uce' on a large scale% is easil/ han'le'% an' is chea(% m/ria' niche an' e&en
large?scale a((licaions ha&e been 'escribe'* A (arial lising #ollo"s=
In li#e su((or s/sems as a carbon 'io7i'e scrubber% (aricularl/ in close'?circui 'i&ing
re?breahers such as he US Na&/ LAR A or MC?5D% "here he more causic lihium
h/'ro7i'e is 'eeme' oo ris$/ 'ue o inhale' 'us% comba han'ling% or generaion o#
causic ;slurr/; in #loo'ing e&ens
An ingre'ien in "hie"ash% morar% an' (laser
In roa' consrucion% o im(ro&e he 9uali/ o# e7cessi&el/ (lasic subgra'e soils
To #ill he roo canal #or he #irs sage o# en'o'onic hera(/ !i is hen re(lace' b/
rubber)
As an a''ii&e o sea "aer o re'uce amos(heric CO3 an' miigae he greenhouse
e##ec
In he (ro'ucion o# meals% lime is inEece' ino he "ase gas sream o neurali@e aci's%
such as #luori'es an' chlori'es (rior o being release' o amos(here*
An al$ali use' as a l/e subsiue in no?l/e hair rela7ers
A chemical 'e(ilaor/ agen #oun' in mos hair remo&al creams !#or e7am(le Nair)
In Bor'eau7 mi7ure o neurali@e he soluion an' #orm a long?lasing #ungici'e
In lime?sul#ur% i is mi7e' "ih sul#ur an' boile' in "aer #or an hour* The raio b/ mass o#
Ca!OH)3=Sul#ur="aer is abou !5)=!5*6)=!2*D)* 1ilue' !5=3,) lime?sul#ur is use' as a 'i( o
comba sarco(ic mange* Agains #ungus on (lans i is use' in &arious concenraions*
In he (eroleum re#ining in'usr/ #or he manu#acure o# a''ii&es o oils !salicaic%
sul(haic% #enaic)
In he chemical in'usr/ #or manu#acure o# calcium searae
o In he (erochemical in'usr/ #or manu#acuring soli' oil o# &arious mar$s
o In he manu#acure o# bra$e (a's
o In manu#acuring he ra'emar$e' com(oun' ;Foli$ar;% an ani#ungal an'
animicrobial (reser&ai&e #or &egeables in sorage
o For (re(araion o# 'r/ mi7es #or (aining an' 'ecoraing
o In manu#acuring mi7es #or (esici'es
o In he manu#acure o# ebonie
o As a calcium su((lemen an' (HGcarbonae bu##er !$no"n as Cal$"asser li*
rans* lime?"aer) #or he a9uaculure o# corals in ree# a9uaria*
o As a naural ;alernai&e; insecici'e% mos cra"ling insecs are $ille' b/ is ouch%
inclu'ing ic$s% #leas% beeles an' grubs*