fringe becoming tomorrows developed city and the day-after-tomorrows core city. But too often, policy makers have focused on here-and-now problems and done little to guide the future city. The result has been much infrastructure in the city center and little development at the periphery, with projects designed to increase mobility rather than to foster accessibility. Although circumstances differ considerably across cities in India, certain basic trends which determine transport demand (such as substan- tial increase in urban population, household incomes, and industrial and commercial activi- ties) are the same. These changes have placed heavy demands on urban transport systems, a demand that many Indian cities have been unable to meet. New infrastructure projects are focussed on solving the current problems Transportation in Although mobility and accessibility have increased tremendously in the urban areas, there are severe problems such as delay, congestion, accidents, air and noise pollution, energy wastage,etc. Public transport systems have not been able to keep pace with the rapid and substantial increases. Here is the forecast in increase of vehicle population y 2035. The current infrastructure cannot support it. Traffic composition in India is of a mixed nature. There is a wide variety of about a dozen types of both slow and fast-mov- ing vehicles. Source: www.worldbank.org.in INDIA- Shared space Small vehicles get out of way for larger vehicles. Very few places have trafc segregation. Need for personal Transportation The scene in Urban India -Because of reduced access to public transport. -Roads are dangerous for pedestrian and bicycles. -Two wheelers are affordable -Status symbol Shift of 2 W users to cars Shift of cyclers to 2 W Separate vehicle for family members Increase in Trafc Emssions Noise Accidents More roads being built to address the issues Increased distances between residential - and work place - and leisure places people buying more cars Introduction of more car support and dependent infrastructure other means of mobility are neglected
american cities -provided more and more mobility now locked up in a car dependent system India going down the same road and making the same mistakes Indian Urban Transport Policy Solving trafc congestion Keeping driving affordable Current measures By planning of low density areas High capacity roads More car dependent urban structure Urban sprawl People moving to suburbs No choice but to travel long distances Key destinations are getting scattered over a wide area as a result of which increasing fuel prices adding to the problem Even with current numbers Indian cities are choked. If the number goes double and if some systems are not introduced the cities will come to a stand still 22 cities constitute 60% of vehicle sales average travel time in a city for a person is In 2030-31 Indians will travel thrice as many kms as in 2000-01 Share of private owned vehicles Share of public transport Energy demand CO2 emissions 2000-01 24.3% 75.7% 954 petajoules 17.27 2030-31 55.3% 44.7% 5897 petajoules 93.22 some statistics in 2010 for every 1000 people in India 45 two wheelers for every 1000 people in India 7 cars 1 hour a day by year 2030-31 -projected rise in share of private owner- ship and huge decrease in share of public transport, Energy demand will increase 5 fold and carbon emissions also by 5 fold in 2030 Source: www.worldbank.org.in evolution of the Indian cities Walking cities Non motorised transport cities Motorcycle cities Trafc saturated motorcycle cities Car cities continued motorisation unrestrained motorisation 40% of trips in URBAN India by Non-motorised vehicle still in 2010 28 % of trips by walking 27% of trips by public transport 11% of trips by cycling walking + cycling + non private vehicle mode of public transport = 74 % of commuters in cities of 4 million and above population cars account for only 12 % ??? milestone or tombstone ??? Source: www.iimahd.ernet.in/egov/documents/ Indian cities spread pattern Urban India has more density of vehicles and people hence the urban is given more importance in infrastructure projects. Rising costs have forced people to move to suburbs and farther areas. New state highways express ways help in reducing trafc but increase commute time Last mile transportation Major metros and upcoming two tier cities are trying to develop a transportaion system which has different types of mobility integrated with each other. The need of urban India is lling up the last gap, that is transportation from bus stops or train stations to their houses. recently share autos have been serving as a cheap last mile transportation Here is an example of Mumbai where the METRO rail is the major mode of transportation, the bus services, autos and rickshaws serve as a feeder to the system lling the gap of the last mile, thus giving people an option of transportation other than owning a personal vehicle