Metrologyandgeometricdimensioningandtolerancing 140519071212 Phpapp02

Geometric Dimensioning
and Tolerancing
for Mechanical Design
Answer Guide
(Answers to the questions and problems at the end of each chapter)
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing for Mechanical Design Answer Guide
2
Chapter 1
Introduction to
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Chapter Review
Page 7
1. Geometric Dimensioning and olerancing is a s!mbolic language used to specif!
the size " shape " form " orientation ,
and location of features on a part.
#. $eatures toleranced with GD% reflect the actual relationship
between mating parts.
&. Geometric Dimensioning and olerancing was designed to insure the proper assembl! of
mating parts " to impro'e quality " and reduce cost .
(. Geometric tolerancing allows the ma)imum a'ailable tolerance and" consequentl!"
the most economical parts.
*. ASME Y14.5!!" is the current" authoritati'e reference document that specifies the
proper application of GD%.
+. Plus or minus tolerancing generates a rectangular ,shaped tolerance -one.
7. #$%& generates a c!lindrical,shaped tolerance -one to control an a)is.
.. /f the distance across a square tolerance -one is 0 .11* or a total of .111" what is the
appro)imate distance across the diagonal2 ' .!!( or .!14
3. 4onus tolerance equals the difference between the actual mating en'elope si-e and the
ma)imum material con*ition .
11. 5hile processing" a rectangular part usuall! rests against a *atum
reference frame consisting of three mutuall! perpendicular planes.
3
Chapter #
Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Fundamentals
Chapter Review
Page 1*
1. 6ach dimension shall ha'e a tolerance e)cept those dimensions specificall!
identified as reference" ma)imum" minimum" or stoc7.
#. Dimensioning and tolerancing must be complete so there is a full
understanding of the characteristics of each feature.
&. Dimensions shall not be sub8ect to more than one interpretation .
(. he drawing should *efine the part without specif!ing
manufacturing methods.
*. A "!+ angle applies where center lines and lines
depicting features are shown on a #D orthographic drawing at right angles and no angle is
specified.
+. A ,asic "!+ angle applies where centerlines of features in a pattern or
surfaces shown at right angles on a #D orthographic drawing are located or defined b! basic
dimensions and no angle is specified.
7. All dimensions and tolerances are applicable at -.+/ 0!+12 unless otherwise
specified. 9easurements made at other temperatures ma! be ad8usted mathematicall!.
.. All dimensions and tolerances appl! in the free state con*ition
e)cept for non,rigid parts.
3. All tolerances appl! for the full *epth "
full length " and full 3i*th of the feature
unless otherwise specified.
11. Dimensions and tolerances appl! onl! at the *ra3ing le4el
where the! are specified.
11. :nits of linear measurement are t!picall! e)pressed either in the inch s!stem or the
4
metric s!stem.
1#. $or decimal inch tolerances" a zero is ne'er placed before the decimal point for
'alues less than one inch.
1&. $or decimal inch tolerances" a dimension is specified with the same number of decimal
places as its tolerance .
1(. 5hat are the two t!pes of direct tolerancing methods2
5imit *imensioning an* plus an* minus *imensioning
1*. $or decimal inch tolerances" where a unilateral tolerance is specified and either the plus or
minus limit is -ero" its -ero 'alue will ha'e the same num,er of *ecimal
places
as the other limit and the appropriate plus an* minus sign .
1+. $or decimal inch tolerances" where bilateral tolerancing or limit dimensioning and
tolerancing is used" both 'alues ha4e the same num,er of *ecimal places
17. Dimensional limits are used as if an infinite num,er of zeros
followed the last digit after the decimal point.
1.. Angular units of measurement are specified either in *egrees an* *ecimal parts
of a *egree or *egrees, minutes, an* secon*s
.
13. 5hat two dimensions are not placed on the field of the drawing2
&he "!+ angle an* a zero
#1. /f CAD;CA9 database models are used and the! do not include tolerances" tolerance 'alues
ma! be e)pressed in a 1A$ pro*uct *efinition *ata set.
5
Chapter &
Symbols, Terms, and Rules
Chapter Review
Page (1
1. 5hat t!pe of geometric tolerance has no datum features2 /orm controls
#. 5hich of the form tolerances is the most common2 /latness
&. 5hat t!pe of geometric tolerances indicates an angular relationship with specified datum
features2 6rientation controls
(. 5hat is the name of the s!mbol that is used to identif! ph!sical features of a part as datum
features and should not be applied to centerlines" center planes" or a)es2
$atum feature sym,ol
*. Datum feature identif!ing letters ma! be an! letter of the alphabet e)cept2 7, 6, % 8
+. /f the datum feature s!mbol is placed in line with a dimension line or on a feature control
frame associated with a feature of si-e" then the datum feature is what is what 7ind of
feature2
A feature of size
7. <ne of the 1( geometric characteristic s!mbols alwa!s appears in the first
compartment of the feature control frame.
.. he second compartment of the feature control frame is the tolerance section.
3. he tolerance is preceded b! a diameter s!mbol onl! if the tolerance -one is cylin*rical .
11. Datum features are arranged in order of prece*ence or importance .
11. =ead the feature control frame in $igure &,&* and write it below.
&he position tolerance requires that
&he a)is of the controlle* feature
Must lie 3ithin a cylin*rical tolerance zone
.!1! in *iameter
At ma)imum material con*ition 0MM12
6riente* an* locate* 3ith ,asic *imensions to a *atum reference
6
frame esta,lishe* ,y *atum feature A an* *atum features 9 an* 1 at
their ma)imum material ,oun*aries 0MM92
1#. he all around and between s!mbols are used with what control2 :rofile
1&. he all o'er s!mbol consists of two small concentric circles
placed at the 8oint of the leader connecting the feature control frame to the feature.
1(. he continuous feature s!mbol specifies that a group of two or more
interrupted features of si-e are to be considered one single feature of si-e.
1*. /f no depth or remaining thic7ness is specified" the spotface is the minimum
depth necessar! to clean up the surface of the specified diameter.
1+. he in*epen*ency s!mbol indicates that perfect form of a feature of
si-e at 99C or >9C is not required.
17. he unequally *ispose* profile s!mbol
indicates that the profile tolerance is unilateral or unequall! disposed about the true profile.
1.. he *atum translation s!mbol indicates that a datum
feature simulator is not fi)ed and is free to translate within the specified geometric tolerance.
13. he actual mating en4elope
is a similar" perfect" feature(s) counterpart of smallest si-e that can be contracted about an
e)ternal feature(s) or largest si-e that can be e)panded within an internal feature(s) so that it
coincides with the surface(s) at the highest points.
#1. A theoreticall! e)act dimension is called2 a ,asic *imension
#1. 5hat is the theoreticall! e)act point" a)is" line" plane" or combination thereof deri'ed from
the theoretical datum feature simulator called2 a *atum
##. A *atum feature is a feature that is identified with either a datum feature
s!mbol or a datum target s!mbol.
#&. A *atum feature simulator (Ph!sical) is the ph!sical boundar! used to
establish a simulated datum from a specified datum feature.
#(. A *atum reference frame consists of three mutuall!
perpendicular intersecting datum planes.
#*. 5hat is the name of a ph!sical portion of a part" such as a surface" pin" hole" tab" or slot2
A feature
#+. A regular feature of si-e is a feature that is associated with a directl! toleranced dimension
7
and ta7es one of the following forms?
a. A cylin*rical surface
,. A set of t3o oppose* parallel surfaces
c. A spherical surface
*. A circular element
e. A set of t3o oppose* parallel elements
8
#7. 5hat is a feature of si-e with the ma)imum amount of material within the stated limits of
si-e called2 ma)imum material con*ition 0MM12
#.. 5hat is a feature of si-e with the least amount of material within the stated limits of si-e
called2 least material con*ition 05M12
#3. 5hat 7ind of feature alwa!s applies at 99C;994" >9C;>94" or =$@;=942
a feature of size or a *atum feature of size
&1. he ma)imum material condition modifier specifies that the tolerance applies at the
ma)imum material con*ition 0MM12 si-e of the feature.
Individual
Feature
Only
Individual
Feature or
Related
Features
SYMMETRY
CONCENTRICITY
POSITION
Symbol
STRAIGHTNESS
FLATNESS
CIRCULARITY
CYLINRICITY
PROFILE OF A LINE
PROFILE OF A SURFACE
Geometric Characteristics
ANGULARITY
PERPENICULARITY
PARALLELISM
CIRCULAR RUNOUT
TOTAL RUNOUT
Runout
Lo!ation
Orientation
Related
Features
Pro"ile
For#
Type of
Tolerance Pertains to
Figure 33! Geometric characteristic s!mbols.
9
&1. 5rite the names and geometric characteristic s!mbols where indicated in $ig. &,&+.
!
Name Symbol Name Symbol
All Around Free State
F
Between " Projected Tolerance
Zone
P
Number of Places
X
Tangent Plane
T
Counterbore/Spotface # Radius
r
Countersink $ Radius, Controlled
c
Depth/Deep % Spherical Radius
&
Diameter
Spherical Diameter
'
Dimension, Basic
$%&&&
Square
(
Dimension,
Reference
(60)
Statistical Tolerance
s
Dimension Origin ) Datum Target
'%(&&
A$
Arc Length
$$&
Target Point
2
Conical Taper * Slope +
Figure 33" Geometric tolerancing s!mbols.
&#. Draw the indicated geometric tolerancing s!mbols in the spaces on $igure &,&7.
3
&&. he 99C modifier indicates that the tolerance applies at the ma)imum material condition
si-e of the feature and that a ,onus tolerance
is a'ailable as the si-e of the feature departs from 99C toward >9C.
&(. he bonus tolerance equals the difference between the actual mating en4elope
size an* MM1
&*. he total positional tolerance equals the sum of the ,onus
tolerance and the geometric tolerance tolerance.
&+. 5hat is the term used to indicate that a specified geometric tolerance applies at each
increment of si-e of a feature within its limits of si-e2 ;/S
&7. 994" >94" and =94 all appl! in a feature control frame for what 7ind of feature2
A *atum feature of size
&.. 5hat is the single worst,case boundar! generated b! the collecti'e effects of the >9C limit
of si-e" the specified geometric tolerance" and the si-e tolerance called2
;esultant 1on*ition
(3. 5hat is the theoreticall! e)act location of a feature of si-e established b! basic dimensions
called2 &rue position
(1. 5hat is the theoreticall! e)act profile of a feature established b! basic dimensions called2
&rue profile
(1. :sing the drawing in $ig. &,&." complete able &,&.
(#. :sing the drawing in $ig. &,&." complete able &,(.
4
.515-.540
A
Pin .495-.500
1.000
1.000
B
1.000
C
Hole
Figure 33# =efer to this drawing for questions (& through (..
Internal Feature $%ole&
'ctual (ating
)nvelope ((C *onus
Geometric
Tolerance
Total +ositional
Tolerance
99C .*1*
.515 .!!! .!1! .!1!
.*#1
.515 .!!5 .!1! .!15
.*#*
.515 .!1! .!1! .!!
.*&1
.515 .!15 .!1! .!5
.*&*
.515 .!! .!1! .!<!
>9C .*(1
.515 .!5 .!1! .!<5
Table 33 otal positional tolerance for Aoles
%ole +in
(&. 5hat is the 99C2
.515 .5!!
((. 5hat is the >9C2
.54! .4"5
(*. 5hat is the geometric tolerance2
.!1! .!!5
(+. 5hat material condition modifier is specified2
MM1 MM1
(7. 5hat datum feature(s) control(s) perpendicularit!2
A A
5
(.. 5hat datum feature(s) control(s) location2
9 % 1 9 % 1
6
),ternal Feature $+in&
'ctual Feature
Si-e ((C *onus
Geometric
Tolerance
Total +ositional
Tolerance
99C .*11
.5!! .!!! .!!5 .!!5
.(33
.5!! .!!1 .!!5 .!!-
.(3.
.5!! .!! .!!5 .!!(
.(37
.5!! .!!< .!!5 .!!.
.(3+
.5!! .!!4 .!!5 .!!"
>9C .(3*
.5!! .!!5 .!!5 .!1!
Table 3. otal positional tolerance for Pins
(3. he 4irtual
condition of a feature of si-e specified with a 99C modifier is a constant boundar!
generated b! the collecti'e effects of the considered featureBs 99C limit of si-e and the
specified geometric tolerance.
*1. 5here onl! a tolerance of si-e is specified" the limits of si-e of an indi'idual feature
prescribe the e)tent to which 'ariations in its geometric /orm, as well as si-e" are allowed.
his statement is the essence of ;ule =1
*1. he form tolerance increases as the actual si-e of the feature departs from MM1
toward 5M1 .
*#. /f features on a drawing are shown coa)ial" or s!mmetrical to each other and not controlled for
location or orientation " the drawing is incomplete.
*&. /f there is no orientation control specified for a rectangle on a drawing" the perpendicularit!
is controlled" not b! the si-e tolerance " but b! the
title ,loc> angularity tolerance tolerance.
*(. =ule C# states that ;/S automaticall! applies" to indi'idual tolerances of feature of
si-es and ;M9 to datum features of si-e.
**. 6ach tolerance of orientation or position and datum reference specified for screw threads
applies to the a)is of the thread deri'ed from the pitch *iameter .
*+. 6ach geometric tolerance or datum reference specified for gears and splines must designate
the specific feature at which each applies such as
MA?6; $7A, :7&1@ $7A, or M7A6; $7A .
7
+roblems
Page (+
A B
Figure 330 9aterial condition s!mbols? problem 1.
1. =ead the complete tolerance in each feature control frame in $ig. &,&3" and write them below
(datum feature A is a feature of si-e).
A. &he position tolerance requires that
.!!5 in *iameter
At regar*less of feature size 0;/S2
6riente* an* locate* 3ith ,asic *imensions to *atum feature A at
regar*less of material ,oun*ary 0;M92
4. &he position tolerance requires that
.!!5 in *iameter
At ma)imum material con*ition 0MM12
6riente* an* locate* 3ith ,asic *imensions to *atum feature A at
ma)imum material ,oun*ary 0MM92
8
C
A
B
D
A
F
E
B
4.000
6.000-6.020
1.000
1.000
G
I
C
2X 1.375-1.390
2.000-2.020
H
Figure 3.1 Definitions? problem #.
#. Place each letter of the items on the drawing in $ig. &,(1 ne)t to the most correct term
below.
1 $eature # 4asic Dimension 7 $eature control frame
A 99C / Datum $eature $ rue Position
9
Chapter (
Datums
Chapter Review
Page +(
1. Datums are theoreticall! perfect points, a)es, lines, an* planes .
#. Datums establish the origin from which the location or geometric
characteristic of features of a part are established.
&. Datums e)ist within a structure of three mutuall! perpendicular intersecting datum planes
7nown as a *atum reference frame .
(. Datums are assumed to e)ist in and be simulated b! the processing equipment .
*. A part is oriented and immobili-ed relati'e to the three mutuall! perpendicular intersecting
datum planes of the datum reference frame in a selected order of prece*ence .
+. he primar! datum feature contacts the datum reference frame with a minimum of
three points of contact that are not in a straight line.
7. Datum features are specified in order of precedence as the! appear from left to right in the
feature control frame .
.. Datum feature letters need not be in alpha,etical order.
3. 5hen selecting datum features" the designer should consider features that are?
/unctional surfaces .
Mating surfaces .
;ea*ily accessi,le surfaces .
Surfaces that allo3 repeata,le measurements .
11. he primar! datum feature controls the orientation of the part
.
11. he datum feature s!mbol is used to identif! physical features
of a part as datum features.
1#. Datum feature s!mbols shall not be applied to centerlines, center planes, or
a)es .
1&. <ne method of tolerancing datum features at an angle to the datum reference frame is to
place a datum feature s!mbol on the incline* surface and control
2!
that surface with an angularit! tolerance and a basic angle.
1(. A c!lindrical datum feature is alwa!s associated with two theoretical planes
meeting at right angles at its datum a)is.
1*. he two 7inds of features specified as datum features are?
:lane flat surfaces
/eatures of size
1+. Datum features of si-es ma! appl! at ;M9, MM9 or 5M9
17. 5here datum features of si-es are specified at =94" the processing equipment must ma7e
physical contact with the datum features.
1.. 5here features of si-es are specified at 994" the si-e of the processing equipment has a
constant ,oun*ary .
Figure .20 Datum feature of si-e? questions 13 through #(.
13. he two,hole pattern is perpendicular to what datum feature2 $atum feature A
#1" he two,hole pattern is located to what datum feature2 $atum feature 9
#1. /f inspected with a gage" what is the datum feature 4 diameter of the gage2 B-.!<!
2
%&$&
M
A )
M
%&$&
M
A
B
6.000-6.020
2 X .510-.530
A
##. /f inspected with a gage" what is the diameter of the # pins on the gage2 B.5!!
22
#&. /f datum feature 4 had been specified at =$@" e)plain how the gage would be different.
$atum feature 9 3oul* ha4e to ha4e a 4aria,le *iameter such as a
chuc> to ma>e physical contact 3ith the outsi*e *iameter.
#(. /f datum feature 4 had been specified as the primar! datum feature at =$@" e)plain how the
gage would be different.
$atum feature 9 3oul* not only ha4e to ,e a 4aria,le *iameter, such
as a chuc>, to ma>e physical contact 3ith the outsi*e *iameter, ,ut
the outsi*e *iameter, *atum feature 9, 3oul* align 3ith the gage as
3ell.
#*. /f a datum feature s!mbol is in line with a dimension line" the datum feature is the
feature of size measured b! the dimension.
#+. 5here more than one datum feature is used to establish a single datum" the
*atum reference letters and appropriate mo*ifiers
are separated b! a dash and specified in one compartment of the feature control frame.
#7. 5here c!linders are specified as datum features" the entire surface of the feature is
considered to be the *atum feature .
#.. /f onl! a part of a feature is required to be the datum feature" a hea4y chain line
is drawn ad8acent to the surface profile and dimensioned with basic dimensions.
#3. Datum targets ma! be used to immobili-e parts with une4en or irregular surfaces .
&1. <nce datum targets are specified" costl! manufacturing and inspection tooling
is required to process the part.
23
+roblems
Page ++
Figure .31 Datum features at 994 and =94? problem 1.
1. Complete the feature control frames with datum features and material condition s!mbols to
reflect the drawing in $ig. (,#1.
24
(+) See below
.010
M
(+) (+)
M
1.997-2.000
4 X 1.010-1.030
.010
M
A B
M
A
B
.010
M
B A
M
.010
M
A B
4.000
Figure .32 @pecif!ing datum features and datum feature s!mbols? problem #.
#. Pro'ide the appropriate datum feature s!mbols and datum features in the feature control
frames on the drawing in $ig. (,#1. 0&3o solutions suggeste*.2
25
1.500
B
A
or
D
.010
M
A D
M
B or
1.500
.060
M
A B C .060
M
A B C
.010
M
A B C
4 X .760-.790
1.000-1.030
2.500
1.500
3.000
3.500
C
Figure .33 @pecif!ing datum features and datum feature s!mbols? problem &.
&. @pecif! the appropriate datum feature s!mbols and datum features in the datum e)ercise in
$ig. (,##.
06ne solution. E)plore other possi,ilities.2
26
%&&&
M
A )
M
C
2.500
.020
M
A
B
.014
M
A B
M
C
M
.004
3.945
.500.515
4.200-4.230
A
4 X .514-.590
Figure .33 @pecif!ing datum features and datum feature s!mbols? problem (.
(. <n $ig. (,##" draw and dimension the gage used to inspect the part in problem &.
27
%&&&
M
A )
M
C
.020
M
A
B
.014
M
A B
M
C
M
.004
2.500
3.945
4.200-4.230
.500.515
A
4 X .514-.590
Chapter *
Form
Chapter Review
Page .#
1. $orm tolerances are independent of all other features .
#. Do *atum features appl! to form tolerances.
&. he form of indi'idual features of si-e is automaticall! controlled b! the
size tolerance, rule =1 .
(. A form tolerance ma! be specified as a refinement where the size tolerance
*oes not a*equately control the form of a feature .
*. All form tolerances are surface controls e)cept for flatness of a me*ian plane
an* straightness of a me*ian line .
+. Do cylin*rical tolerance zones or material con*ition mo*ifiers
are appropriate for surface controls.
7. $latness of a surface or deri'ed median plane is a condition where all line elements of that
surface are in one plane .
.. $or flatness" in a 'iew where the surface to be controlled appears as a line "
a feature control frame is attached to the surface with a lea*er or e)tension line .
3. he feature control frame controlling flatness contains a flatness sym,ol
and a numerical tolerance .
11. he surface being controlled for flatness must lie between t3o parallel planes
separated b! the flatness tolerance. /n addition" the feature must fall within the
size tolerance .
11. he flatness tolerance -one does not need to be parallel to an! other surface.
1#. he feature of si-e ma! not e)ceed the ,oun*ary of perfect form at MM1
28
1.000-1.020
Figure 42. @pecif!ing flatness? question 1&.
1&. @pecif! the flatness of the top surface of the part in $ig. *,1( within .11+ in a feature control
frame.
1(. Draw a feature control frame with an o'erall flatness of .11* and a unit flatness of .111 per
square inch.
1*. 5hen 'erif!ing flatness" the feature of si-e is first measured to 'erif! that it falls within the
limits of size .
1+. he surface is ad8usted with 8ac7screws to remo'e an! parallelism error.
17. $latness 'erification is achie'ed b! measuring the surface in all directions with a
*ial in*icator .
1.. @traightness is a condition where an element of a surface, or *eri4e* me*ian
line, is a straight line.
13. /n a 'iew where the line elements to be controlled appear as a line "
a feature control frame is attached to the surface with a lea*er or e)tension line
#1. @traightness tolerance is a refinement of the size tolerance, rule =1 "
and must be less than the size tolerance .
'ctual +art Si-e Straightness Tolerance Controlled by
1.1#1
.!!!
1.11.
.!! ;ule =1
1.11+
.!!4
1.11(
.!!4
1.111
.!!4 Straightness
1.11*
.!!4 &olerance
29
%&$&
%&&$*'$%&&&
%&$&
%&&$* $%&&&
or
1.111
.!!4
Table 4! Euestion #1
#1. Complete able *,+ specif!ing the straightness tolerance and what controls it for the drawing
in $ig. *,+.
##. he measurement of surface 'ariation for straightness is performed similar to the
measurement for
flatness .
#&. 6ach line element is in*epen*ent of e'er! other line element.
#(. 5here a feature control frame with a straightness tolerance is associated with a si-e
dimension" the straightness tolerance applies to the me*ian line .
#*. 5hile each actual local si-e of the feature must fall within the size tolerance "
the feature controlled with straightness of a median line ma! e)ceed the
,oun*ary of perfect form at ma)imum material condition.
#+. A straightness control of a median line will allow the feature to 'iolate
;ule =1 .
#7. /f specified at 99C" the total straightness tolerance of a median line equals the tolerance in
the feature control frame plus an! ,onus tolerance .
Cylindrical Feature
$Straightness o/ a (edian 5ine&
Feature Si-e
1.1#1 99C
.!!- .!!-
1.11*
.!!- .!11
1.111
.!!- .!1-
1.11*
.!!- .!1
1.111 >9C
.!!- .!-
Table 4" @traightness of a median line at =$@ and 99C? question #..
#.. Complete able *,7 specif!ing the appropriate tolerances for the si-es gi'en.
#3. @traightness 'erification of a feature of si-e specified at 99C can be achie'ed b!
placing the part in a full form functional gage .
&1. @traightness 'erification of a feature of si-e specified at ;/S
cannot be achie'ed b! placing the part in a full form functional gage.
3!
&1. 5hen 'erif!ing circularit!" the feature of si-e is first measured to 'erif! that it falls within
the limits of size and ;ule =1 .
&#. Circularit! can be accuratel! inspected on a circularity inspection machine .
&&. C!lindricit! is a condition of the surface of a c!linder where all points of the surface are
equi*istant from the a)is .
&(. he c!lindricit! tolerance consists of two coa)ial cylin*ers in which
the ra*ial *istance between them is equal to the tolerance
specified in the feature control frame .
&*. C!lindricit! is a composite form tolerance that simultaneousl! controls
circularity, straightness of a surface, an* taper of c!lindrical features.
$eature
of @i-e
$eature
of @i-e
1. $or these controls" datums do not appl!
6 6 6 6 6 6
#. $or these controls" rule C1 applies
6 6 6 6
&. hese are surface controls
6 6 6 6
(. hese controls ma! be specified with a leader
6 6 6 6
*. hese are refinements of the si-e tolerance
6 6 6 6
+. hese tolerances 'iolate rule C1
6 6
7. hese controls appl! to features of si-e
6 6
.. hese controls are associated with the dimension
6 6
3. hese controls ma! e)ceed the si-e tolerance
6 6
11. he F s!mbol ma! be used
6
11. he 99C (circle 9) s!mbol ma! be used
6 6
Table 4# @ummar! of form controls? Euestion &+.
&+. <n able *,." place an G under the control that agrees with the statement.
&7. /reeCstate 4ariation is a term used to describe the distortion of a part after the remo'al of
forces applied during the manufacturing process .
&.. 5here a form or location tolerance is specified for a feature in the free state" the free,state
s!mbol is placed inside the feature control frame following the
tolerance an* any mo*ifiers .
&3. A minimum of four measurements must be ta7en
to insure the accurac! of an a'erage diameter.
(1. he restrained condition should simulate actual assem,ly con*itions .
3
+roblems
Page .*
3.000
1.000
.XXX = .010
ANGLES = 1
OR
Figure 424 $latness? problem 1.
1. @pecif! a flatness control of .11* for the top surface of the part in $ig. *,1*.
0Either a lea*er or an e)tension line can ,e use*2
#. 4elow" draw a feature control frame with a unit flatness of .11& per square inch and an
o'erall flatness of .11*.
32
or
.015
.003/ 1.000
.015
.003/1.000
Figure 42! $latness? problem &.
&. /s the part in $ig. *,1+ an acceptable part H wh! or wh! not2
Ao, this part is not accepta,le. 7t is 1.!1. thic> an* ,o3e* .!!4, a
total of 1.!. &he part e)cee*s the 1.!! ,oun*ary of perfect form
Figure 42" @traightness of a surface? problem (.
(. @pecif! straightness of a surface of .11# on the c!linder in the drawing in $ig. *,17.
33
A!tual Part Measure#ents
1.010 .010
.004
1.018
.005
8.00
.002
.495-.500
0Either a lea*er or an e)tension line can ,e *irecte* to the part
surface.2
Figure 42# @traightness of a median line? problem *.
*. <n the c!linder in $ig. *,1." specif! straightness of a median line of .111 at 99C.
0&he feature control frame must ,e associate* 3ith the *imension.2
Figure 420 Circularit!? problems +.
+. /s the part in $ig. *,13 an acceptable part H wh! or wh! not2
Dn*etermine*, further inspection is necessary to reEect this part. 7f
34
A!tual Part Measure#ents
Circularity Measurement .003
.004
1.508
1.500 .010
8.00
.010
M
.495-.500
the outer *iameter of the circularity tolerance zone is 3ithin 1.5!.,
the MM1 of the cylin*er, it is a goo* part. &he cylin*er may not
e)cee* the ,oun*ary of perfect form at ma)imum material con*ition.
Figure 431 Circularit! and c!lindricit!? problems 7 and ..
7. @pecif! a circularit! tolerance of .11# on the cone in the drawing in $ig. *,#1.
.. @pecif! a c!lindricit! tolerance of .111* on the c!linder in the drawing in $ig. *,#1.
35
Chapter +
7rientation
Chapter Review
Page 3.
1. <rientation is the general term used to describe the angular
relationship between features.
#. <rientation controls include perpen*icularity, parallelism, angularity,
an* in some cases, profile
&. All orientation controls must ha'e *atum features .
(. /n a 'iew where the surface to be controlled appears as a line" the perpendicularit! feature
control frame is attached to the surface with a lea*er or e)tension line .
*. he datum feature is identified with a *atum feature sym,ol .
+. A surface being controlled with a perpendicularity tolerance must lie between
t3o parallel planes separated b! the perpendicularit!
tolerance specified in the feature control frame. he tolerance -one must also be
perpen*icular to the datum plane.
7. A angent Plane s!mbol" circle " in the feature control frame specifies that the tolerance
applies to the precision plane contacting the high points of the surface.
.. 5here controlling the perpendicularit! of a feature of si-e" the feature control frame is
associated with the size *imension of the feature being controlled.
3. /f the tolerance in the feature control frame applies to a feature of si-e and no material
condition s!mbol is specified" ;/S automaticall! applies.
11. /f the tolerance applies at 99C then a possible ,onus tolerance e)ists.
36
4.00
A
.XX = .01
ANGLES = 1
2.00
3.00
Figure !2. @pecif!ing perpendicularit! of a plane surface? question 11.
11. @uppl! the appropriate geometric tolerance on the drawing in $ig. +,1( to control the &.11,
inch 'ertical surface of the part perpendicular to the bottom surface within .11*.
0Either a lea*er or an e)tension line may ,e use*.2
1.000-1.010
2.00
A
Figure !24 @pecif!ing perpendicularit! of a feature of si-e? question 1#.
1#. @uppl! the appropriate geometric tolerance on the drawing in $igure +,1* to control the
1.11,inch diameter 'ertical pin perpendicular to the bottom surface of the plate within .11*
37
at =$@.
Figure !2! Perpendicularit! specified at 99C? question 1&.
1&. /f the pin in $igure +,1* were actuall! produced at a diameter of 1.11( and toleranced with
the feature control frame in $igure +,1+" what would the total perpendicularit! tolerance be2
.!!.
1(. he feature control frame for parallelism of a surface must at least contain
a parallelism sym,ol, a numerical tolerance, an* at least one *atum
feature .
1*. Parallelism tolerance of a flat surface is a refinement of the si-e tolerance and must be less
than the
size tolerance .
1+. A surface being controlled with a parallelism tolerance must lie between
t3o parallel planes separated b! the
parallelism tolerance specified in the feature control frame. he tolerance -one must also be
parallel to the datum plane.
17. he controlled surface ma! not e)ceed the ,oun*ary of perfect form at
ma)imum material con*ition .
1.. 5here applied to a flat surface" parallelism is the onl! orientation control that requires
perfect orientation (Parallelism is a 1I angle.) at MM1
38
.XX = .01
ANGLES = 1
.010 A
A
1.00
2.00
1.00
7.00
Figure !2" @pecif!ing parallelism? question 13.
13. @uppl! the appropriate geometric tolerance on the drawing to control the top surface of the
part in $ig. +,17 parallel to the bottom surface within .111.
0Either a lea*er or an e)tension line can ,e use*2
#1. 5hen controlling the parallelism of a feature of si-e" the feature control frame is associated
with the size *imension of the feature being controlled.
#1. /f the feature of si-e is a c!linder" the numerical tolerance is usuall! preceded b! a B .
##. he numerical tolerance for angularit! of a surface is specified as a linear dimension
because it generates a uniform C shaped tolerance -one.
#&. A plus or minus angularit! tolerance is not used because it generates a
nonuniform, fan ,shaped tolerance -one.
#(. 5hen controlling the angularit! of a feature of si-e" the feature control frame is associated
with the size *imension of the feature being controlled.
#*. /f the diameter s!mbol precedes the numerical tolerance" the a)is is controlled with a
cylin*rical tolerance -one.
#+. As an alternati'e practice" the angularit! s!mbol ma! be used to control
parallel an* perpen*icular relationships .
+lane Sur/aces ',es 8 Ctr9 +lanes
Datum features are required 6 6 6 6 6 6
Controls flatness if flatness is not specified 6 6 6
Circle modifier can appl! 6 6 6
olerance specified with a leader or e)tension line 6 6 6
olerance associated with a dimension 6 6 6
9aterial condition modifiers appl! 6 6 6
A 'irtual condition applies 6 6 6
Table !3 <rientation? question #7
#7. 9ar7 an 6 in the bo) that indicates the control applies to the statement at the left in able +,#.
39
+roblems
Page 111
Figure !2# Perpendicularit! of a plane surface? problem 1.
1. @pecif! the &.11,inch surface of the part in $ig. +,1. perpendicular to the bottom and bac7
surfaces within a tolerance of .111. Draw and dimension the tolerance -one.
Figure !20 Perpendicularit! of a pin to a plane surface? problem #.
#. @pecif! the F1.11,inch pin perpendicular to the top surface of the plate in $ig.+,13 within a
tolerance of .11* at 99C. <n the drawing" s7etch and dimension a gage used to inspect this
part.
4!
4.00
.010
3.00
A
.XX = .01
ANGLES = 1
2.00
.010 A B
B
%&$(
M
A
Gage
.998-1.000
1.50
A
1.015
.XX = .01
ANGLES = 1
Figure !31 Parallelism of a plane surface? problem &.
&. @pecif! the top surface of the part in $ig. +,#1 parallel to the bottom surface within a tolerance
of .11(. Draw and dimension the tolerance -one.
Figure !32 Angularit! of a plane surface? problem (.
4
.XX = .01
ANGLES = 1
.004 A
A
1.00
1.00
2.00
.004
4.00 2.00
20
6.00
.003 A
2.75
A
.XX = .01
ANGLES = 1
1.00
.003
(. /n $ig. +,#1" specif! the top surface of the part to be at an angle of #1I to the bottom surface
within a tolerance of .11&. Draw and dimension the tolerance -one.
MM1 .""! 1.!1
5
#eometric &olerance F.!1! .!1
5
Girtual 1on*ition 1.!!! 1.!!
!
Figure !33 <rientation? problem *.
*. Complete the feature control frames in $ig. +,## so that the two parts will alwa!s assemble"
datum features A % 4 will meet" and the part can be produced using the most cost effecti'e
design. he pin is machined in a lathe and the hole is drilled.
0&here are se4eral possi,le solutions to this pro,lem. &he 4irtual
con*itions shoul* ,e equal to insure assem,ly an* to pro4i*e
ma)imum tolerance. &ypically, for this metho* of manufacturing,
more tolerance is gi4en to the hole.2
42
%&$&
M
A
.980-.990 1.015-1.030
A
.015
M
B
B
Chapter 7
+osition, General
Chapter Review
Page 1#*
1. Position is a composite tolerance that controls both the location an*
the orientation of feature of si-es at the same time.
#. he tolerance of position ma! be 'iewed in either of two wa!s?
A theoretical tolerance zone located at true position of the toleranced feature
within which the center point" a)is" or center plane of the feature ma! 'ar! from true
position.
A 4irtual con*ition ,oun*ary of the toleranced feature" when specified at 99C
or >9C and located at true position" which ma! not be 'iolated b! its surface or surfaces
of the considered feature.
&. A feature of si-e has four geometric characteristics that must be controlled. hese
characteristics are size, form, orientation, an* location .
(. @ince the position tolerance onl! controls feature of si-es such as pins" holes" tabs" and slots"
the feature control frame is alwa!s associated with a size *imension .
*. he location of true position" the theoreticall! perfect location of an a)is" is specified with
,asic *imensions from the datum features indicated.
+. <nce the feature control frame is assigned" an imaginar! tolerance zone
is defined and located about true position.
7. Datum features are identified with *atum feature sym,ols .
.. Datum features A" 4" and C identif! a" *atum reference frame J
consequentl!" the! describe how the part is to be held for processing .
3. o inspect a hole" the largest pin gage to fit inside the hole is used to simulate the
actual mating en4elope .
11. he measurement from the surface plate to the top of the pin gage minus half of the
diameter of the pin gage equals the distance from
*atum feature 9 to the actual a)is of the hole .
11. /f no material condition s!mbol is specified in the feature control frame" the ;/S
43
modifier automaticall! applies to the tolerance of the feature.
1#. 5hen the ma)imum material condition s!mbol is specified to modif! the tolerance of a
feature of si-e" the following two requirements appl!?
he specified tolerance applies at ma)imum material con*ition of the
feature.
As the si-e of the feature departs from ma)imum material condition toward least material
condition" a ,onus tolerance is achie4e* in the e)act amount of
such *eparture .
1&. he difference between the actual mating en'elope si-e and 99C is the ,onus
tolerance .
1(. he bonus plus the geometric tolerance equals the total positional tolerance .
.510 .550
Figure "31 Geometric tolerance? questions 1* through 1..
1*. /f the tolerance in $ig. 7,#1 is for a pin .*#* in diameter" what is the total tolerance2 .
!<5
1+. 5hat would be the si-e of the hole in a functional gage to inspect the pin abo'e2 .5-!
17. /f the tolerance in $ig. 7,#1 is for a hole .*(1 in diameter" what is the total tolerance2 .
!4!
1.. 5hat would be the si-e of the pin on a functional gage to inspect the hole abo'e2 .5!!
13. 5here a datum feature of si-e is toleranced with a geometric tolerance and is referenced in a
feature control frame at 994" the resulting ma)imum material boundar! for the datum
feature is equal to its ma)imum material con*ition
or 4irtual con*ition 3ith respect to the prece*ing *atum feature .
#1. he worst,case inner and outer boundaries of a feature of si-e are its 4irtual
con*ition an* resultant con*ition
44
+roblems
Page 1#7
Figure "32 Design a gage to inspect for shift tolerance? problem 1.
1. <n a gage designed to control the (,hole pattern in $ig. 7,#1" what si-e pin must be
produced to inspect the center hole (datum feature D)2 B1.!!!
<n the same gage" what is the diameter of the four pins locating the hole pattern2
B.5!!
45
3.500
1.500
B
1.500
D
4 X .510-.525
1.500
M
A
.060
M
A B C
.O1O
1.010-1.025
.010
M
A D
M
B
C
A
2.500
3.000
Figure "33 Kero positional tolerance con'ersion? problem #.
#. Con'ert the tolerance in $ig. 7,## to the -ero positional tolerances for the pin and the hole.
Kero tolerance is not used when the tolerance applies at ;/S " or when no
bonus tolerance is a'ailable as in a tolerance specified for threa*s or press fit pins .
46
'%++,-$%&&,
1.0001.006
.004
M
A B C
.000
M
A B C
.004
M
A B C
.000
M
A B C
.998-1.004
.9981.000
Hole Pin
Figure "33 A hole specified at >9C? problem &.
&. Calculate the minimum wall thic7ness between the inside diameter and datum feature 4
in $ig. 7,#&.
$atum feature 9 H 5M1 B .4.!
7. $. H 5M1 B .!!
&olerance H 5M1 B .!!
.44!
&he 3all thic>ness equals half of the *ifferences in *iameters or .!.
01alculating *iameters an* *i4ing the final *iameter ,y minimizes
errors.2
47
2.500 .020
A
2.000 .020
.020
L
A B
L
4.059 .003
B
Figure "3. 4oundar! conditions? problem (.
(. $irst calculate the 'irtual conditions and resultant conditions for the pin and hole. hen
calculate the ma)imum and minimum distances for dimensions G and L in $ig. 7,#(.
he :irtual Condition of the +I;. he :irtual Condition of the %75).
G1
p
I MM1 F #eo. &ol. G1
h
I MM1 #eo. &ol.
G1
p
I 1.!!! F .!!4 I 1.!!4 G1
h
I 1.!!! .!!4 I .""-
G1
p
J I .5! G1
h
J I.4".
Resultant Condition of the +I;. Resultant Condition of the %75).
;1
p
I 5M1 #eo. &ol. 9onus ;1
h
I 5M1 F #eo. &ol. F 9onus
;1
p
I."". .!!4 .!! I ."" ;1
h
I1.!!- F.!!4 F.!!- I1.!1-
;1
p
J I .4"- ;1
h
J I.5!.
he ma)imum and minimum distances for dimension 6?
K
Ma)
I $ist. ;1
p
J G1
h
J I K
Min
I $ist. G1
p
J ;1
h
J I
K
Ma)
I<.!!! .4"- .4". I K
Min
I <.!!! .5! .5!.
K
Ma)
I .!!- K
Min
I1.""!
he ma)imum and minimum distances for dimension <?
Y
Ma)
I5 H MM1 $ist. G1
h
J I Y
Min
I 5 H MM1 $ist. ;1
h
J I
Y
Ma)
I-.!1! 4.5!! .4". I Y
Min
I 5.""! 4.5!! .5!. I
48
A
1.000-1.006
.004
M
A B C
Y
.998-1.000
.004
M
A B C
X
3.000
6.00
B
1.500
1.000
C
.XX = .01
ANGLES = 1
Y
Ma)
I1.!1 Y
Min
I .".
49
Chapter .
+osition, 5ocation
Chapter Review
Page 1*&
1. he floating fastener formula is?
& I @ / or @ I / F &
#. M & he clearance hole 5ocation &olerance at MM1
A M & he 1learance @ole MM1 *iameter
$ M & he /astenerLs MM1 *iameter, the nominal size
&. he clearance hole >9C diameter formula is @ H 5M1 I 0/ F/ hea*2 J .
(. he fi)ed fastener is fi)ed b! one or more of the mem,ers ,eing fastene* .
*. he formula for fi)ed fasteners is?
t
1
F t
I @ / or @ I / F t
1
F t

+. he location tolerance for both the threaded hole and the clearance hole must come from the
difference between the actual diameter of the clearance hole and the
*iameter of the fastener .
7. /t is common to assign a larger portion of the tolerance to the threa*e* hole.
.. A fastener fi)ed at its head in a countersun7 hole and in a threaded hole at the other end is
called what2 A *ou,le fastener fi)e* fastener
3. 5here specif!ing a threaded hole or a hole for a press fit pin" the orientation of the
hole determines the orientation of the mating pin.
11. he most con'enient wa! to control the orientation of the pin outside the hole is to
proEect the tolerance -one into the mating part.
11. he height of the pro8ected tolerance -one is equal to or greater than the thic7est
mating
part or tallest stu* or pin after installation.
1#. he dimension of the pro8ected tolerance -one height is specified as a minimum .
1&. wo or more patterns of features are considered to be one composite pattern if the!
are locate* 3ith ,asic *imensions, to the same *atums features, in
5!
the same or*er of prece*ence, an* at the same material con*itions
1(. Datum features of si-e specified at =$@ require physical contact
between the gagging element and the datum feature.
1*. /f the patterns of features ha'e no relationship to each other" a note such as
SE: ;E8& ma! be placed under each feature control frame allowing
each pattern to be inspected separatel!.
1+. Composite tolerancing allows the relationship from featureCtoCfeature
to be 7ept to a tight tolerance and the relationship between the
pattern an* its *atum features to be controlled to a looser tolerance.
17. A composite positional feature control frame has one position s!mbol
that applies to the two hori-ontal segments that follow.
1.. he upper segment of a composite feature control frame" called the
patternClocating control" go'erns the relationship between the datum features
and the pattern .
13. he lower segment of a composite feature control frame is called the featureCrelating
controlJ it go'erns the relationship from featureCtoCfeature .
#1. he primar! function of the position control is to control location .
#1. Datum features in the lower segment of a composite feature control frame must satisf! what
two conditions?
&hey are require* to repeat the *atum features in the upper segment
an* they only control orientation
(Assume plane,surface datum features for question numbers ## and #&".)
##. 5here the secondar! datum feature is included in the lower segment of a composite feature
control frame" the tolerance -one framewor7 must remain :arallel
to the secondar! datum plane.
#&. he lower segment of a multiple single,segment feature control frame acts 8ust li7e an!
other position control
#(. Counterbores that ha'e the same location tolerance as their respecti'e holes are specified b!
indicating the hole callout an* the counter,ore callout follo3e*
,y the geometric tolerance for ,oth .
#*. Counterbores that ha'e a larger location tolerance than their respecti'e holes are specified b!
5
separating the hole callout from the counter,ore callout .
#+. 5hen tolerancing elongated holes" no *iameter sym,ol precedes
the tolerance in the feature control frame since the tolerance -one is not a cylin*er .
#7. he 'irtual condition boundar! is the e)act shape of
the elongated hole and equal in si-e to its 4irtual con*ition .
#.. he position control is used to locate a si-e featurefeature of si-e
s!mmetricall! at 99C to a datum feature of si-e specified at 994.
52
+roblems
Page 1**
Figure #3" $loating fastener drawing? problem 1.
1. olerance the clearance holes in $ig. .,#7 to be fastened with *;1+ H 1. :DC he) head bolts
(.&1& in diameter) and nuts with a .111 diameter positional tolerance.
@ I / F &
53
1.000
Unless Otherwise Specified:
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
4 X .323-.360
.010
M
A B C
5.000
4.000
1.000
2.000 1.000
2.000
C
A
B
Figure #3# $loating fastener drawing? problems # through *.
#. @pecif! the 99C and >9C clearance hole si-es for C11 (F.131) soc7et head cap screws.
K B.!C.4- K B.!!C.4- K B.1"!C.4-
n,w-!3!m,A,.,/, n,w-!!m,A,.,/,
n,w-!!!m,A,.,/,
&. /f the actual si-e of the clearance holes in problem # is .#&1 in diameter" calculate the total
positional tolerance for each callout.
Actual @i-e .#&1 .#&1 .#&1
99C .! .!! .1"!
4onus .!1! .!<! .!4!
Geo. olerance F .!<! F .!1! F .!!!
otal olerance .!4! .!4! .!4!
(. @pecif! the 99C and >9C clearance hole si-es for &;. (F.&7*) he) head bolts.
K B.4!!C.4-! K B.<"!C.4-! K B.<(5C.4-!
n,w-!25m,A,.,/, n,w-!5m,A,.,/,
n,w-!!!m,A,.,/,
*. /f the clearance holes in problem ( actuall! measure .((1 in diameter" calculate the total
Actual @i-e .((1 .((1 .((1
99C .4!! .<"! .<(5
4onus .!4! .!5! .!-5
Geo. olerance F .!5 F .!15 F .!!!

54
C
A
3.000 B
1.000
1.000
M
A B C
2 X
otal olerance .!-5 .!-5 .!-5
Figure #30 $i)ed fastener assembl!? problems +.
+. olerance the clearance and threaded holes in the plates in $ig. .,#3 to be fastened with
*;.H11 :DC he) head bolts (.+#* in diameter). :se a .111 positional tolerance and +1N
location tolerance for the threaded hole.
55
1.000
B
M
A B C
2 X
C
A
1.000 3.000
Figure #31 $i)ed fastener drawing? problems 7 through 11.
56
7. @pecif! the 99C and >9C clearance hole si-es for C. soc7et head cap screws.
# G F.1+( (C.),&# :D$,#4 # G F.1+( (C.),&# :D$,#4 # G F.1+( (C.),&# :D$,#4
n,w-!25m,A,.,/, n,w-!25m,A,.,/,
n,w-!25m,A,.,/,
.1"" .1< .1"4 .1< .1." .1<
n,w-!!m,A,.,/, n,w-!!5m,A,.,/,
n,w-!!!m,A,.,/,
.. /f the clearance holes in problem * actuall! measure .#1* in diameter" calculate the total
Actual @i-e .#1* .#1* .#1*
99C H .133 H .13( H .1.3
4onus .!!- .!11 .!1-
Geo. olerance O .!1! F .!!5 F .!!!
otal olerance .!1- .!1- .!1-
3. @pecif! the 99C and >9C clearance hole si-es for the 1;#,inch he) head bolts.
# G F.*11,#1 :D$,#4 # G F.*11,#1 :D$,#4 # G F.*11,#1 :D$,#4
n,w-!6!m,A,.,/, n,w-!6!m,A,.,/,
n,w-!6!m,A,.,/,
K B.5.! .-1 K B.5(! .-1 K B.5-! .-1
n,w-!2!m,A,.,/, n,w-!!m,A,.,/,
n,w-!!!m,A,.,/,
11. /f the clearance holes in problem 3 actuall! measure .*.* in diameter" calculate the total
Actual @i-e .*.* .*.* .*.*
99C .5.! .5(! .5-!
4onus .!!5 .!15 .!5
Geo. olerance F .!! F .!1! F .!!!
otal olerance .!5 .!5 .!5
57
Figure #32 Pro8ected tolerance -one? problem 11.
11. Complete the drawing in $ig. .,&1. @pecif! a .1(1 tolerance at 99C with the appropriate
pro8ected tolerance.
58
C
.50
1.50
.XX = .01
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
A
2 X .500-20 UNF-2B
n./%&0&#1.A.).C.
1.51
4.000
6.00
Mating Part
1.000
2.00
B
1.000
Figure #33 Pro8ected tolerance -one? problem 1#.
1#. Complete the drawing in $ig. .,&#. @pecif! a .1*1 tolerance at 99C with the appropriate
pro8ected tolerance.
59
2.12
A
.XX = .01
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
1.25
1.50
1.000
C
Mating Part
n./%&(&#12%$3.A.).C.
2 X .500-20 UNF-2B
6.00
4.000
1.000 B
2.00
Two Studs
Figure #33 $i)ed fastener assembl!? problem 1&.
1&. he part with clearance holes in $ig. .,&& assembles on top of the part with threaded holes
and is fastened with cap screws. Allow a tolerance of at least .1&1 on both threaded and
clearance holes" use P1P positional tolerance" and specif! pro8ected tolerance -ones.
0&he threa*e* hole tolerance of .!4! 3as chosen so that there 3oul*
,e at least .!<! tolerance for the clearance hole.2
6!
1.000 1.000
2.53
n./%&&&#.A.).C.
n./%&0&#1.A.).C.
4 X .415-.450
4 X 3!-16 UN"-2B
1.000
B
#
"
1.000 2.000
1.000
1.000 2.000
B
#
"
.XX $ % .03
.XXX $ % .010
#N&'(S $ %1)
2.50
Figure #3. 9ultiple patterns of features? problems 1( through 1+.
1(. Position the small holes with .111 tolerance at 99C and the large holes with .111 tolerance
at 99CJ locate them to the same datums and in the same order of precedence. :se
99C;994 where'er possible.
1*. 9ust the hole patterns be inspected in the same setup or in the same gage2 6)plain2
Yes, they must ,e inspecte* at the same time. &he large hole an*
small hole patterns are tie* together ,y their *atums features.
1+. Can the requirement be changed" how2
Yes, place a note, @6P =6E" un*er each feature control frame.
6
.50
.010
M
A B
M
C
M
2 X 1.010-1.045
2.500
C
B
.000
M
A B
M
C
M
2 X .500-.580
A
Figure #34 A pattern of holes located to a datum feature of si-e? problem 17.
17. /n $ig. .,&*" the inside diameter and the bac7 are mating features. @elect the
primar! datum feature. (Consider a form control.) he 'irtual condition of the
mating shaft is 1.1#* in diameter. >ocate the 7e!wa! for a Q,inch 7e!. >ocate the
three,hole pattern for 7;1+,inch (.(&. in diameter) cap screws as floating fasteners
with a positional tolerance of at least .1&1.
62
Section A-A
.002
A
A
.250-.260
A
.XX = .01
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
3 X .438-.480
.000
M
A B
M
C
M
3 X 120
3.000
15
1.125-1.135
.000
M
A
B
5.00-5.03
1.260
.000
M
A B
M
.020
M
A B
M
C
Figure #3! Composite tolerancing? problems 1. and 13.
1.. he pattern of clearance holes in the part in $ig. .,&+ must be located within a c!lindrical
tolerance -one of .1+1 in diameter at 99C to the datum features specified. his plate is
required to assemble to the mating part with 1;(,inch he) bolts as floating fasteners.
Complete the geometric tolerance.
13. /t has been determined that the hole pattern in $ig. .,&+ is required to remain parallel" within
the smaller tolerance" to datum feature 4. Draw the feature control frame that will satisf!
this requirement.
63
A ) C
%&&&
M
A )
%&,&
M
1.000 C
A
.50
.XX = .01
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
3.00
4.00
1.000 2.000
B
1.000
4 X .250-.300
A
.060
M
A B C
.000
M
Figure #3" Counterbore tolerance? problems #1 and #1.
#1. olerance the holes and counterbores in $ig. .,&7 for four Q,inch soc7et head cap screws.
he counterbores are a diameter of .(## 0 .111" the depth is .&3* 0 .111" and the geometric
tolerance is .111 at 99C. 05imit tolerances may also ,e use*.2
#1. /f the geometric tolerance for 8ust the counterbores in $ig. .,&7 can be loosened to .1#1 at
99C instead of .111" draw the entire callout below.
64
2.000
C
2.000
1.00
.XX = .01
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
B
A
5.00
4 X .260-.290
.010 A B C
4 .3*5 % .010
5 '%022 6 %&$&
4.00
1.000
1.000
4 .395 .010
4 X .260-.290
4 X$ .422 .010
.010
M
A B C
.020
M
A B C
Figure #3# 6longated hole? problem ##.
## @pecif! a geometric tolerance of .1(1 at 99C in the 1;#,inch direction and .1+1 at 99C in
the 1,inch direction for the elongated holes in $ig. .,&..
0$onLt forget to inclu*e ,asic *imensions.2
65
.060
M
A B C
B
.XX = .01
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
.50
.040
M
A B C
3 X .50
4.00
1.000
1.000
.500
2.000
1.000
C
6 X R
3.00
A
3 X 1.00
Figure #30 @!mmetr!? problem #&.
#&. /n $ig. .,&3" control the s!mmetr! of the #,inch feature with respect to the (,inch feature
within a tolerance of .1#1. :se 99C;994 where'er possible.
#&. /n $ig. .,&3" control the s!mmetr! of the #,inch feature with respect to the (,inch feature
within a tolerance of .1#1. :se 99C;994 where'er possible.
66
1.990-2.000
4.000-4.002
B
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
A
.020
M
A B
M
Chapter 3
+osition, Coa,iality
Chapter Review
Page 171
1. Coa)ialit! is that condition where the a)es of two or more surfaces of re'olution are
coinci*ent.
#. here is a misconception that centerlines or title bloc7 tolerances control the coa)iality
between two c!linders.
&. he position control is the appropriate tolerance for coa)ial surfaces of
re'olution that are c!lindrical and require a ma)imum or least material condition.
(. A cylin*rical tolerance -one is used to control the a)is of a feature
toleranced with a position or a concentricit! control.
*. he tolerance of position to control coa)ialit! ma! appl! at MM1, ;/S, or 5M1
and the datum feature(s) ma! appl! at MM9, ;M9, or 5M9

+. he upper segment of a composite feature control frame controls the location of the hole
pattern to the *atum features

7. he lower segment of a composite feature control frame controls the coa)ialit! of holes to
one another 3ithin the tighter tolerance

.
.. he smaller tolerance -one framewor7 of a composite feature control frame with no datum
features ma! float up an* *o3n, ,ac> an* forth, an* at any angle to the
*atum features within the larger tolerance -one.
3. he position control" with no datum features" can be applied to two or more coa)ial features
controlling their coa)iality simultaneousl! within the specified tolerance.
11. A mating plug and soc7et will assemble e'er! time if the! are designed to their
4irtual con*itions

.
67
+roblems
Page 171
Figure 0# @pecif! coa)ialit! tolerance? problems 1 through &.
1. 5hat controls the coa)ialit! of the two c!linders on the drawing in $ig. 3,.2
The way the drawing in Figure 9-8 is shown, nothing controls
coaxiality.
#. <n the drawing in $ig. 3,." specif! a coa)ialit! tolerance to control the 1.111,inch diameter
feature within a c!lindrical tolerance -one of .11( to the #.11,inch diameter feature. :se
99C and 994 where'er possible.
&. <nce the feature control frame has been added to the drawing in $ig. 3,." if the smaller
diameter is produced at 1.11 in diameter" how much total coa)ialit! tolerance applies2 .
!!"
68
2.00
A
.XX = .01
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
.004
M
A
M
1.000
Figure 00 @pecif! coa)ialit!? problem (.
(. >ocate the two holes in the hinge brac7ets within .1&1 at 99C to the datum features
indicated" and specif! coa)ialit! to each other. he! must be able to accept a .*11 diameter
hinge pin. :se 99C and 994 where'er possible.
69
1.000
.750
.XX = .01
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
B
2 X .500-.520
36.00
.030
M
A B
.000
M
A
Figure 021 @pecif! coa)ialit! for the plug and soc7et? problem * and +.
*. Control the coa)ialit! of the plug and soc7et in $ig. 3,11 so that the! will alwa!s assemble.
@pecif! 99C and 994 where'er possible.
:lug Soc>et
MM1 .(5! .(51
#eo. &ol. F .!!! .!!1
Girtual 1on*ition .(5! I .(5!
+. Draw and dimension the tolerance -ones at 99C in $ig.3,11.
7!
1.004
1.000
.001
M
A
M
.751-.755
.000
M
A
M
.000 @MMC
.745-.750
A
A
1.000
.996
.001 @MMC
Chapter 11
Concentricity and Symmetry
Chapter Review
Page 1.1
1. 4oth concentricit! and s!mmetr! controls are reser'ed for a few
unique tolerancing applications .
#. Concentricit! and s!mmetr! both emplo! the same tolerancing concept J
the! 8ust appl! to different geometries .
&. Concentricit! is that condition where the median points of all diametricall! opposed
elements of a surface of re'olution are congruent with the a)is 0or center point2
of a *atum feature .
(. Concentricit! is a location control. /t has a cylin*rical shape*
tolerance -one that is coa)ial with the *atum a)is .
*. Concentricit! tolerance onl! applies on a ;/S basis.
/t must ha'e at least one *atum feature that onl! applies at
regar*less of material ,oun*ary .
+. $or concentricit!" the aggregate of all me*ian points
must lie within a cylin*rical 0or spherical2 shape* tolerance -one
whose a)is is coincident with the a)is of the *atum feature .
7. Concentricit! can be inspected" for acceptance onl!" b! placing a *ial in*icator
on
the toleranced surface of re'olution and rotating the part about its *atum a)is .
.. o re8ect parts and to inspect features such as regular pol!gons and ellipses" the traditional
method of *ifferential measurements is emplo!ed.
3. he concentricit! tolerance is often used to accuratel! control ,alance
for high speed rotating parts.
7
11. Parts toleranced with concentricit! are time consuming and e)pensi'e" to inspect "
but less e)pensi'e to manufacture than with the runout tolerance.
11. @!mmetr! is that condition where the me*ian points of all opposed
or correspondingl! located points of two or more feature surfaces are congruent
with the a)is or center plane of a datum feature.
1#. @!mmetr! is a location control.
1&. @!mmetr! has a tolerance -one that consists of t3o parallel planes
e'enl! disposed about the center plane or a)is of the datum feature.
1(. @!mmetr! tolerance onl! applies at ;/S .
1*. @!mmetr! must ha'e at least one *atum feature that ma!
onl! appl! at regar*less of material ,oun*ary .
1+. he aggregate of all me*ian points
must lie within a tolerance -one defined b! t3o parallel planes
equall! disposed about the center plane of the *atum feature .
17. he s!mmetr! tolerance is independent of both size an* form .
1.. Differential measurement e)cludes size, shape, an* form
while controlling the median points of the feature.
13. he s!mmetr! tolerance is often used to accuratel! control ,alance
for rotating parts or to insure equal 3all thic>ness .
#1. @pecif! s!mmetr! onl! when it is necessar! because it is time consuming an*
e)pensi4e
to manufacture and inspect.
72
+roblems
Page 1.#
Figure 21" Coa)ialit! of a c!linder? problem 1.
1. he mass of this high speed rotating part in $ig.11,7 must be accuratel! balanced. he
form of the surface is sufficientl! controlled b! the si-e tolerance. @pecif! a coa)ialit!
control for the a)is of the (.111,inch diameter within a tolerance of .111 at =$@ to datum
feature A at =94.
Figure 21# Coa)ialit! of an ellipse? problem #.
#. he mass of the ellipse shown in $ig. 11,. must be balanced accuratel!. @pecif! a coa)ialit!
control that will locate the median points of the ellipse within a tolerance of .11( at =$@ to
73
A
%&&0 A
7.990-8.000
3.995-4.000
A .001 A
datum feature A at =94.
74
Figure 210 Coa)ialit! of the he)agon? problem &.
&. he mass of the he)agon shown in $ig. 11,3 must be accuratel! balanced. @pecif! a
coa)ialit! control for the median points of the he)agon within a tolerance of .11* at =$@ to
datum feature A at =94.
Figure 2121 @!mmetr! of the slot? problem (.
(. he part in $ig. 11,11 rotates at a high speed and the mass must be accuratel! balanced.
@pecif! a geometric tolerance that will centrall! locate the slot in this part within a tolerance
of .11* at =$@ to datum feature A at =94.
75
A
3 X 24.990-25.000
.005 A
%&&( A
2.000-2.004 4.000
A
Chapter 11
Runout
Chapter Review
Page 131
1. Circular runout applies independentl! to each circular element on
the surface of a part either constructed around a datum a)is or perpendicular to a datum a)is
as the part is rotated <-!+ about its datum a)is.
#. 5here applied to surfaces of re'olution" circular runout controls a combination of 'ariations
in circularity an* coa)iality .
&. otal runout is a compound tolerance that pro'ides control of all surface elements
of a feature.
(. otal runout tolerance is applied simultaneousl! to all circular and profile measuring
positions either aroun* or perpen*icular
to its datum a)is as the part is rotated <-!+ about that datum a)is.
*. 5here applied to surfaces constructed around a datum a)is" total runout controls a
combination of surface 'ariations such as
circularity, straightness, coa)iality, angularity, taper, an* profile .
+. 5here applied to surfaces at a 31I angle to the datum a)is" total runout controls a
combination of 'ariations of perpen*icularity to the *atum a)is an*
flatness .
7. he runout feature control frame consists of a runout sym,ol, the numerical
tolerance, an* at least one *atum feature that applies at ;M9 .
.. /n man! cases" two functional *atum features are used to support a rotating part.
3. he datum reference frame for the face and diameter is quite a different requirement than
the datum reference frame for the multiple *atum feature .
11. Design requirements ma! ma7e it necessar! to restrict datum surface 'ariations with respect
to (other geometric controls) straightness, flatness, circularity, cylin*ricity,
an* parallelism .
76
11. /t ma! be necessar! to include a runout control for indi'idual datum features on a
multiple *atum feature reference .
1#. /f two or more surfaces are controlled with a runout tolerance to a common datum reference"
the worst,case runout between two surfaces is the sum of the t3o tolerances .
1&. /f two features ha'e a specific relationship between them" one should be tolerance*
*irectly to the other an* not through a common *atum a)is .
1(. 9ultiple leaders directed from a runout feature control frame ma! be specified without
affecting the runout tolerance .
77
+roblems
Page 13#
Figure 22# =unout control? problem 1.
1. <n the part in $ig. 11,." control the (,inch diameter with a total runout tolerance of .11# to
both 1,inch diameters.
Figure 220 Partial runout? problem #.
#. <n the drawing in $ig. 11,3" specif! a circular runout tolerance of .11# controlling the
#,inch diameter to both of the 1,inch diameters. his control is a partial runout
tolerance one inch long" starting from the left end of the #,inch diameter. @pecif! a
circular runout of .111 for each of the 1,inch diameters.
78
2 X .998-1.000
A
B
4.000-4.005 .002 A-B
%&&2 A-)
1.000
2 X .998-1.000
.001 A-B
A 1.995-2.000
.001 A-B
B
Figure 2221 Datum features toleranced with a c!lindricit! tolerance? problem &.
&. olerance the #,inch diameter in $ig. 11,11 with a total runout tolerance of .111 to both of
the 1,inch diameter shafts. olerance each 1,inch diameter shaft with a c!lindricit!
tolerance of .111*.
Figure 2222 9ultiple features tolerance with one feature control frame? problem ( and *.
(. /n $ig. 11,11" which datum feature" A or 4" ta7es precedence2
$atum feature A is no more important than *atum feature 9, an*
*atum feature 9 is no more important than *atum feature A.
*. 5hat is the worst possible runout tolerance between the two largest diameters in $ig. 11,112
.!<!
79
2 X .998-1.000
.0005
A
1.995-2.000
.0005
B
.001 A-B
Chapter 1#
+ro/ile
Chapter Review
Page #13
1. Profile of a line is the outline
of an ob8ect in a plane as the plane passes through the ob8ect.
#. Profile of a surface is the result of proEecting the profile of an o,Eect on a
plane or ta7ing cross sections through the ob8ect at 'arious inter'als.
&. he true profile ma! be dimensioned with what 7ind of dimensions2
Mith ,asic size *imensions, ,asic coor*inate *imensions, ,asic ra*ii,
,asic angular *imensions, formulas, mathematical *ata, or ,
un*imensione* *ra3ings .
(. he feature control frame is directed to the profile surface with a
lea*er or an e)tension line .
*. 5hat s!mbols do not appl! in the tolerance section of profile feature control frames2
&he *iameter sym,ol an* material con*ition mo*ifiers
+. /f the leader from a profile feature control frame points directl! to the true profile" the
tolerance specified is equally *ispose* a,out the true profile .
7. /f the leader from a profile tolerance points directl! to a segment of a phantom line
e)tending" outside or inside" parallel to the profile" then all the tolerance is
outsi*e or insi*e the true profile .
.. 5here a profile tolerance applies all around the profile of a part" the
Nall aroun*O sym,ol is specified.
3. Draw the Rall aroundS s!mbol.
11. /f the profile is to e)tend between two points" the points are la,ele*
and a note using the ,et3een sym,ol is placed beneath the feature control frame.
11. Draw the between s!mbol.
8!
1#. /f a part is to be controlled with a profile tolerance o'er the entire surface of the part" the
NA55 6GE;O s!mbol is specified.
1&. Profile tolerances may or may not ha'e datum features.
1(. he profile of a surface control usuall! requires a datum feature(s) to properl!
orient an* locate the surface .
1*. Datum features are generall! not use* for profile of a line tolerances where
onl! the cross section is being controlled.
1+. /f the design requires a smaller radius than the radius allowed b! the profile tolerance" a
local note such as" NA55 16;AE;S ;.!15 MAK,O or N;.!15 MAKO
is directed to the radius with a lea*er .
17. he profile tolerance ma! be combined with other geometric tolerances
to refine certain aspects of a surface.
1.. Coplanarit! is the condition of of t3o or more
surfaces ha'ing all elements in one plane .
13. Coplanarit! is toleranced with the profile of a surface feature control frame" connected with
a lea*er " to a phantom line connecting the surfaces.
#1. he number of coplanar surfaces followed b! an K precedes the feature control
frame.
#1. 5here coplanar surfaces are used as a datum feature" it is best to attach the datum feature
s!mbol to the profile feature control frame .
##. Conicit! ma! be controlled with a profile of a surface tolerance .
#&. Composite profile tolerancing is 'er! similar to composite positional tolerancing
.
#(. he upper segment of a composite profile feature control frame is called the
profile locating control J it go'erns the
location relationship ,et3een the *atum features an* the profile .
#*. he lower segment" referred to as the profile refinement control "
is a smaller tolerance than the profile locating control and go'erns
the size, form, an* orientation relationship of the profile.
8
#+. he feature profile must fall inside ,oth profile tolerance zones .
#7. Datum features in the lower segment of a composite feature control frame must satisf! two
conditions?
$atum features in the lo3er segment must repeat the *atum features
in the upper segment of the feature control frame.
$atum features in the lo3er segment only control orientation.
#.. A second datum feature ma! be repeated in the lower segment of the composite feature
control frame. 4oth datum features onl! control orientation .
#3. he lower segment of a multiple single,segment profile feature control frame acts 8ust li7e
any other profile control .
&1. he upper segment of a multiple single,segment profile feature control frame allows the
smaller tolerance -one to translate
relati'e to the datum feature not repeated in the lower segment within the larger tolerance.
82
+roblems
Page #11
Figure 232# Profile of a surface? problem 1.
1. @pecif! a profile of a surface tolerance of .1#1" perpendicular to datum feature A" and all
around the part in $ig. 1#,1..
Figure 2320 Profile of a surface between two points? problem #.
#. Control the top surface between points G and L in $ig. 1#,13" specif! a profile tolerance of .
1&1" located to datum features A" 4" and C.
83
1.015.015
3 X R.750
A
.020 A
1.800
2.000
R2.000
R1.000
3.00
B
.030 A B C
X 7 +
+
#
2.000
60)
"
X
Figure 2331 >ocating a profile of a surface? problem &.
&. Control the entire surface of the die ca'it! in $ig. 1#,#1 to the datum features indicated
within a tolerance of .11* outside the true profile. (<utside the profile is e)ternal to the true
profile line. /nside the profile is within the profile loop.)
84
R3.500
C
3 X R1.000
B
A
2.000
.015 A B C
6.000
11.000
5.000
10.000
2.500
2.500
Figure 2332 >ocating a mating profile of a surface? problem (.
(. Control the entire surface of the punch in $ig. 1#,#1 to the datum features indicated within a
tolerance of .11* inside the true profile. (<utside the profile is e)ternal to the true profile
line. /nside the profile is within the profile loop.)
85
A
%&$( A ) C
2.500
C
3 X R1.000
B
R3.500
6.000
11.000
5.000
10.000
2.000
1.000
2.500
Figure 2333 Coplanarit!? problem *.
*. he primar! datum feature is the two lower coplanar surfaces in $ig. 1#,##. @pecif! the
primar! datum feature to be coplanar within .11(.
86
3.000
2.000
1.000
2.000
C
A
.004 2X
B
.000
M
A B C
4 X .375-.415
Figure 2333 Profile controlled to datum features of si-e? problem +.
+. olerance the drawing in $ig. 1#,#&. @pecif! controls locating the hole,patterns to
each other and perpendicular to the bac7 of the part. he holes are for T,inch and
*;.,inch bolts respecti'el!. @pecif! a control locating the profile of the part to the
hole,patterns and perpendicular to the bac7 of the part within a tolerance of .1+1.
0E)plore other solutions to this pro,lem2
87
2 X R1.50
R16.00
.XX = .03
.XXX = .010
Angle = 1
.000
M
A
.000
M
A B
M
B
7.000
4.000
2 X R9.00
R1.00
3 X .500-.540
2 X .625-.665
1.000
3.000
.000
.060 A B
M
A
Figure 233. Composite profile tolerancing? problems 7 through 3.
7. /n $ig. 1#,#(" specif! a profile tolerance for the center cutout that will control the si-e" form"
and orientation to datum feature A within .111 and locate it to the datum features indicated
within .1+1. Complete the drawing.
.. Draw a profile tolerance below that will satisf! the requirements for problem 7 and orient
the cutout parallel to datum feature 4 within .111.
3. Draw a profile tolerance below that will satisf! the requirements for problem 7 and locate
the cutout to datum feature 4 within .111.
88
%&,& A ) C
%&$& A )
%&$& A )
%&,& A ) C
A
5.000
2.000
1.000
1.000
.060 A B C
.010 A
2.00
C
4 X R.300
1.00
B
Figure 2334 Profile of a sheet metal part? problem 11.
11. @pecif! the lower two surfaces of the bottom of the sheet metal part in $ig. 1#,#* coplanar
within .1#1. olerance the holes with geometric tolerancing. he 99C for each hole is the
'irtual condition for the mating part. @pecif! the profile of the top surface of the sheet
metal part within .1(1.
89
%&0& A ) C
%&&&
M
A ) C
A TWO BOTTOM SURFACES
X 7 ,
T-P SU.F#"(
%&&&
M
A ) C
4.00
%&2&
.1*0-.220
B
"
X ,
6.000
5.000
1.000
3.500
2.000
1.000
2.000
2.000
3.000
/.00
6 X .250-.300
%&&&
M
A ) C
.500-.540
Chapter 1&
Graphic 'nalysis
Chapter Review
Page ##*
1. >ist the ad'antages of graphic anal!sis.
1. :ro4i*es functional acceptance
. ;e*uces cost an* time
<. Eliminates gage tolerance or 3ear allo3ance
4. Allo3s function 4erification of MM1MM9, ;/S;M9, an* 5M15M9
5. Allo3s 4erification of any shape tolerance zone
-. :ro4i*es a 4isual recor* for the material re4ie3 ,oar*
(. Minimizes storage require*
#. >ist the factors that affect the accurac! of graphic anal!sis.
1. &he accuracy of the inspection *ata
. &he completeness of the inspection process
<. &he *ra3ingLs a,ility to pro4i*e common *ra3ing interpretations
Figure 2323 =efer to this feature control frame for questions & through 7.
&. A piece of graph paper with datum features" true positions" tolerance -ones" and actual
feature locations drawn on it (see $ig. 1&,1#) is called a *ata graph .
(. A piece of tracing paper with datum features" true positions" tolerance -ones" and actual
feature locations traced or drawn is called a tolerance zone o4erlay gage
*. he upper segment of the composite feature control frame" the drawing" and the inspection
data dictates the configuration of the *ata graph .
+. he lower segment of the feature control frame" the drawing" and the inspection data dictate
9!
the configuration of the tolerance zone o4erlay gage .
7. /f the tracing paper can be ad8usted to include all feature a)es within the
tolerance zones on the tracing paper" the featureHtoHfeature relationships are in
tolerance.
Figure 2323 =efer to this feature control frame for questions . through 11.
.. o inspect a datum feature of si-e" the feature control frame ($ig. 1&,1&)" the drawing and
the inspection data dictate the configuration of the *ata graph .
3. Draw the actual location of each feature on the data graph. /f each feature a)is falls inside its
respecti'e tolerance -one" the part is in tolerance .
11. /f an! feature a)is falls outside of its tolerance -one" further analysis may ,e
require* to reEect the part .
11. /f the tracing paper can be ad8usted to include all feature a)es on the o'erla! gage within
their respecti'e tolerance -ones on the data graph and datum a)is D contained within its
shift tolerance -one while orienting datum feature 4 on the o'erla! gage parallel to datum
feature 4 on the data graph" the pattern of features is accepta,le 0in tolerance2 .
9
+roblems
Page ##+
Figure 232. A pattern of features controlled with a composite tolerance? problem 1.
Feature
;umber
Feature
5ocation
/rom Datum
/eature C
6',is
Feature
5ocation
/rom Datum
/eature *
<',is
Feature
Si-e
Departure
/rom
((C
$*onus&
Datumto
+attern
Tolerance
=one Si-e
Featureto
Feature
Tolerance
=one Si-e
1 1.11# 1.11& F .#11
.!1! B .!! B .!1!
# 1.11* &.11+ F .13.
.!!. B .!1. B .!!.
& &.11* &.11# F .13.
.!!. B .!1. B .!!.
( &.11& .33. F .13+
.!!- B .!1- B .!!-
Table 233 /nspection data for the graphic anal!sis problem? problem 1.
1. A part was made from the drawing in $igure 1&,1(" and the inspection data was tabulated in
able 1&,&. Perform a graphic anal!sis of the part. /s the pattern within tolerance2 Yes
92
2
2.000
4
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
1.000
B
A
3
A
.010
M
A B C
.000
M
5.000
4 X .190-.205
4.000
1
1.000
2.000 1.000
C
Figure 2324 A pattern of features controlled with a composite tolerance? problem #.
Feature
;umber
Feature
5ocation
/rom
Datum
/eature C
6',is
Feature
5ocation
/rom
Datum
/eature *
<',is
Feature
Si-e
Departure
/rom ((C
$*onus&
Datumto
+attern
Tolerance
=one Si-e
Featureto
Feature
Tolerance
=one Si-e
1 1.11( .33. F .17(
.!!. B .!1. B .!1!
# .33* &.11( F .17(
.!!. B .!1. B .!1!.
& &.111 &.11+ F .17#
.!!- B .!1- B .!!.
( &.11+ 1.11# F .17+
.!1! B .!! B .!1
Table 23. /nspection data for the graphic anal!sis problem? problem #.
#. A part was made from the drawing in $ig. 1&,1*" and the inspection data was tabulated in
93
2
2.000
4
.XXX = .005
ANGLES = 1
1.000
B
A
3
4 X .166-.180
5.000
A B
.010
M
A B C
.002
M
4.000
1
1.000
2.000 1.000
C
able 1&,(. Perform a graphic anal!sis of the part. /s the pattern within tolerance2 Ao
94
0&he pattern must remain parallel to *atum feature 9 ,ecause *atum
feature 9 has ,een repeate* in the lo3er segment of the feature
control frame.2
/f it is not in tolerance" can it be rewor7ed" if so" how2 &he pattern 3ill ,e in
tolerance if holes num,ere* an* < are enlarge* ,y a,out .!!4.
Figure 232! A pattern of features controlled to a feature of si-e? problem &.
Feature
;umber
Feature
5ocation /rom
Datum /eature
D
6',is
Feature
5ocation From
Datum /eature
D
<',is
'ctual
Feature
Si-e
Departure
/rom ((C
$*onus&
Total
Geometric
Tolerance
1 ,1.33# ,1.(3& F .#7.
.!!. B .!!.
# ,1.33& 1.*13 F .#.1
.!1! B .!1!
& #.111 1.*1( F .#.1
.!1! B .!1!
( #.111 ,1.(31 F .#.#
.!1 B .!1
Datum
feature
F .*#1 @hift olerance M B .!!
95
M
A
%&2&
M
A ) C
%OO(
A
4
B
D
3
.505-.530 4 X .270-.285
4.000
4.000
.000
M
A D
M
B
3.000
3.000
1
C
2
Table 234 /nspection data for the graphic anal!sis problem? problem &.
&. A part was made from the drawing in $ig. 1&,1+" and the inspection data was tabulated in
able 1&,*. Perform a graphic anal!sis of the part. /s the pattern within tolerance2
Yes
Figure 232" A pattern of features controlled to a feature of si-e? problem (.
Feature
;umber
Feature
5ocation /rom
Datum /eature
D
6',is
Feature
5ocation From
Datum /eature
D
<',is
'ctual
Feature
Si-e
Departure
/rom ((C
$*onus&
Total
Geometric
Tolerance
1 ,1.33* ,1.(3* F .##(
.!1! B .!14
# ,1.33+ 1.*1& F .#1.
.!!4 B .!!.
& #.11* 1.(37 F .##1
.!!- B .!1!
( 1.337 ,1.*1+ F .###
.!!. B .!1
Datum
feature
F .&.1 @hift olerance M B .!!5
Table 23! /nspection data for the graphic anal!sis problem? problem (.
96
M
A
%&3&
M
A ) C
%OO&
A
4
B
3
D
.375-.390
4 X .214-.225
4.000
4.000
.004
M
A D
M
B
3.000
3.000
1
C
2
(. A part was made from the drawing in $igure 1&,17" and the inspection data was tabulated in
able 1&,+. Perform a graphic anal!sis of the part. /s the pattern within tolerance2 Ao

/f it is not in tolerance" can it be rewor7ed" if so" how2 &he pattern 3ill ,e in
tolerance if all holes are enlarge* to their 5M1 size.
97
Chapter 1(
' Strategy /or Tolerancing +arts
Chapter Review
Page #(+
Figure 2.2# A hole located and oriented to datum features A" 4" and C for questions 1 through +.
1. 5hat t!pe of geometric tolerances applies to the primar! datum feature in a drawing li7e the
drawing in $igure1(,1.2 /orm tolerance
#. 5hat geometric tolerance applies to the primar! datum feature in the drawing in $ig.1(,1.2
/latness
&. he primar! datum feature controls the orientation of the feature being controlled.
Figure 2.20 A feature control frame with two location datum features? question (.
(. /f the feature control frame for the hole in $ig. 1(,1. happened to be the one shown in $ig.
1(,13" what relationship would the 1,inch diameter hole ha'e to datum features 4 % C2
98
2.00
4.00
3.000
2.000
B
6.00
C
1.005-1.020
.XX = .03
.XXX = .010
ANGLES = 1
A
&he tolerance zone of the 1Cinch hole 3oul* ,e parallel to *atum
feature 9 an* parallel to *atum feature 1 an* at the same time,
locate* 3ith ,asic *imensions up from *atum feature 9 an* o4er from
*atum feature 1.
Figure 2.31 A feature control frame with three position datum features? question *.
*. /f the feature control frame for the hole in $igure 1(,1. happened to be the one shown in
$igure 1(,#1" what relationship would the 1,inch diameter hole ha'e to datum features A" 4
% C2
&he tolerance zone of the 1Cinch hole 3oul* ,e perpen*icular to
*atum feature A, locate* 3ith ,asic *imensions up from *atum feature
9 an* o4er from *atum feature 1.
Figure 2.32 A position feature control frame with a refinement? question +.
+. Complete the feature control frame in $igure 1(,#1 so that it will refine the orientation of
the hole in $igure 1(,1. within a c!lindrical tolerance -one of .111 at 99C.
7. Draw a feature control frame to control a pattern of holes within a c!lindrical tolerance
-ones .1#* in diameter at 99C to their datum features" datum features A" 4" and C. =efine
the tolerance of the feature,to,feature relationship to c!lindrical tolerance -ones .111 in
diameter at 99C.
.. 5hat is the orientation tolerance for the pattern of holes specified in the answer for question
number 72 :erpen*icular to *atum feature A 3ithin a cylin*rical
tolerance zone of .!!! in *iameter at MM1.
3. Ueeping in mind that the primar! datum feature controls orientation" e)plain how !ou would
select a primar! datum feature on a part. Pey points in selecting a primary
*atum feature areQ
Select a functional surface
Select a mating surface
99
Select a sufficiently large, accessi,le surface that 3ill pro4i*e
repeata,le positioning in a *atum reference frame 3hile processing
an* ultimately in assem,ly
11. Aow would !ou determine which datum feature should be secondar! and which should be
tertiar!2
&he secon*ary *atum feature may ,e more important ,ecause it is
larger than the tertiary *atum feature or ,ecause it is a mating
surface.
Figure 2.33 Pattern of features? questions 11 through 17.
11. @elect a primar! datum feature and specif! a form control for it.
1#. @elect a secondar! datum feature and specif! an orientation control for it. he 'irtual
condition of the mating part is a diameter of (.#**.
1&. olerance the 7e!seat for a T,inch 7e!.
!!
C
.000
M
A B
M
2.500
B
3.970
4.235-4.250
.005
M
A
.014
M
A B
M
C
M
.500.515
A
.002
4 X .514-.590
1(. olerance the T,inch clearance holes for T,inch floating fasteners.
1*. Are there other wa!s this part can be toleranced2 Aow
Yes, the hole pattern coul* ,e *atum feature 1, or *atum feature 1
coul* ,e left off entirely.
1+. /f the outside diameter is actuall! produced at (.#(1" how much shift tolerance is a'ailable2
7f *atum feature 9 3ere perfectly perpen*icular to *atum feature A,
there 3oul* ,e a cylin*rical tolerance zone shift of .!15 in *iameter.
17. /f the outside diameter is actuall! produced at (.#(1 and the 7e!seat is actuall! produced at .
*1*" how much can this part actuall! shift2 @7etch a gage about the part.
7f *atum feature 9 3ere perfectly perpen*icular to *atum feature A,
&he outsi*e *iameter coul* shift ,ac> an* forth .!15 an* up an*
*o3n .!!5. &he part coul* rotate some.
Figure 2.33 wo patterns of features? questions 1. through #1.
!
B
A
3 X .250-.285
.010
M
A
.085
M
A B C
D
.000
M
A D
M
1.000
1.000
2 X .510-.540
2.000 1.000
C
1.000
1.500
1.. >ocate the two,hole pattern to the surface datum features with a positional tolerance of .1.*
in diameter at 99C. >ocate the two holes to each other and orient them to datum feature A
within a c!lindrical tolerance of .111 in diameter at 99C.
13. >ocate the three,hole pattern to the two,hole pattern within a .111 positional tolerance.
#1. he two,hole pattern is specified as a datum feature at 994" at what si-e does each of the
two holes appl!2
Girtual con*ition .5!! in *iameter
#1. /f the 1;#,inch holes are actuall! produced at a diameter of .*&*" what is the shift tolerance
allowed for the three,hole pattern2
7f the holes 3ere perfectly oriente* an* locate* an* pro*uce* at a
*iameter of .5<5, there 3oul* ,e cylin*rical tolerance zone shift of .
!<5 in *iameter.
!2
Problems
Page #(3
Figure 2.3. >ocating a hole pattern to plane surface datum features? problem 1.
1. Dimension and tolerance the four,hole pattern in $ig. 1(,#( for C 11 cap screws as fi)ed
fasteners. Allow ma)imum tolerance for the clearance holes and +1N of the total tolerance
for the threaded holes in the mating part. 0&he .< MM1 clearance hole
*iameter is su,Eect to goo* engineering Eu*gment. 7t might 4ery 3ell
ha4e ,een roun*e* off to .!.2
Aow flat is datum surface A2
Mithin .!-! in reality pro,a,ly 3ithin .!15
.
Aow perpendicular are datum features 4 and C to datum feature A and to each other2
' 1+
!3
.500
3.000
4.00
A
.XX = .03
.XXX = .010
ANGLES = 1
4.000 .500
6.00
B
2.00
.000
M
A B C
4 X .223-.246
C
Figure 2.34 A (,hole pattern located to a datum feature of si-e? problem #.
#. /n $ig. 1(,#*" tolerance the center hole to the outside edges with a tolerance of .1+1. =efine
the orientation of the 1;#,inch hole to the bac7 of the part within .11*. >ocate the four,hole
pattern to the center hole. Cloc7 the pattern to a surface. he four,hole pattern mates with a
part ha'ing four pins with a 'irtual condition of .#*1. Gi'e each feature the ma)imum
tolerance possible.
At what si-e does the center hole appl! for the purposes of positioning the four,hole
pattern2 Girtual con*ition 3ith respect to orientation .5!! in
*iameter
/f the center hole is produced at a diameter of .*&*" how much shift of the four,hole
pattern is possible2 A cylin*rical tolerance zone .!<5 in *iameter if
*atum feature $ is perfectly perpen*icular to *atum feature A
!4
B
.505-.540
.060
M
A B C
.005
M
A
D
1.500
4 X .250-.260
.000
M
A D
M
B
3.500
3.000
A
1.500
2.500
C
1.500
Figure 2.3! olerancing? problem &.
/n $ig. 1(,#+" the location of the hole patterns to the outside edges is not criticalJ a tolerance of .
1+1 at 99C is adequate. he location between the two 1;#,inch holes and their orientation to
datum feature A must be within .111 at 99C. Control the si),hole pattern to the two,hole
pattern within .111 at 99C. he mating part has 'irtual condition pins of .*11 and .#*1 in
diameter. Complete the drawing.
At what si-e does the two,hole pattern appl! for the purposes of positioning the si),hole
pattern2 Girtual con*ition 3ith respect to orientation .5!! in
*iameter
/f the two large holes are produced at a diameter of .*#1" how much shift of the four,hole
pattern is possible2 As much as .!! in *iameter
!5
2 X .510-.525
D
.XX = .03
.XXX = .010
ANGLES = 1
B
A
.000
M
A D
M
6 X .250-.260
1.000
.750
1.500
.500
1.000 1.500
1.000
.500
3.00
1.00
4.00
C
.010
M
A
.060
M
A B C

Metrologyandgeometricdimensioningandtolerancing 140519071212 Phpapp02

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Metrologyandgeometricdimensioningandtolerancing 140519071212 Phpapp02

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Geometric Dimensioning

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi