AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

MOHD SAFWAN SAIFFUDIN AB100039 (Leader)

LOW HUI CHING AB100038
MUHAMMAD AZIZI BIN HAMZAH AB100042
SITI NURMAZIAN BINTI HASIM AB100051
TANG ZHI LIN AB100054




Introduction
Air conditioning- process of conditioning closed spaces and
places:

AIR
CONDITIONING
Air
temperature
Humidity Air purity
Distribution
Humidification
Dehumidification

Heating
Cooling

Requires
mechanical
ventilation
(eg. AHU) to
distribute
treated air

To ensure
air purity

*heating does not take place in tropical countries
Reasons for Air-conditioning
To ensure stable comfort level
Normal ventilation is not suitable under
certain circumstances,
compact spaces (eg. Cinemas, theatres
and halls)
Limited spaces (eg. Offices)

A) COMFORT
B) Performance
C) Health
D) Sensitive Equipment
Reasons for Air-conditioning
To improve the comfort of workers
improving productivity
Production process in factories
Chocolate factories require refrigeration to avoid
chocolate from melting

B) PERFORMANCE
A) Comfort
C) Health
D) Sensitive Equipment
Reasons for Air-conditioning
Pollution, rapid urbanization and
industrialization, noise pollution, raised air
temperatures
Isolated indoor spaces from outdoor, free
from contaminants and noise
C) HEALTH
A) Comfort
B) Performance
D) Sensitive Equipment
Reasons for Air-conditioning
Computers, electronic equipment, lenses
Equipment that are used in the production
of micro-chips and photonics components
D) SENSITIVE
EQUIPMENT
A) Comfort
B) Performance
C) Health
Importance of air-conditioning
Remove excess heat
Provide sufficient ventilation
Humidity control
Air distribution to achieve human comfort
Unit System

Plant System

Multi Space
System
Solar Powered
Systems
Window Unit
Packaged Unit
Split Unit
Centralised
Plant
Decentralised
Plants
Types of Air Conditioning Systems
CENTRALISED UNIT
SPLIT UNIT
A) Split Unit
Comprises of two parts
i. Outdoor Condensing Unit
ii. Indoor Fan Coil Unit
Use in


Outdoor
Condensing
Unit
Indoor Fan Coil Unit
Air cond controller:
-control indoor temperature
-turn on or off of the air con
B) CENTRALISED SYSTEM
One outdoor unit to cool multiple indoor units
Comprises of cooling tower, Ahu room, Chiller room etc.
Indoor units: using same type of indoor unit
Used for almost all spaces provided in Angsana, except
2 types of
indoor unit
found in
Angsana
Only maintenance and staff office is using split unit air conditioning system. Other spaces using
Central air conditioning system.
Building Management
System
The centralised system is controlled
by BMS. The control room is located
in ground floor level, which is beside
the admin office.
Almost all building services system is
controlled in that room, including
air-con
Building service system is taken control in Security room.
I) Cooling Tower
Cooling towers are used in central air conditioning systems.
The function of the cooling tower is to cool the warm water
from the chiller condenser.
The cooling tower is at the final point of the heat transfer.
There are basically 2 types of designs:
-Cross Flow
-Counter Flow

Cross Flow Design

The cooling tower for this type of design is usually shaped like a
box.
This process happens over and over.
Roof Plan
Water tank for
air conditioning system
Sodium hydroxide:
- treatment for rust on the
inside walls of the towers.
- to maintain recirculated
water pH

Water Treatment
In cooling towers, the cooling effect is achieved by
evaporation of a portion of the water passing through it.
If the contaminants are not controlled, they can cause scaling,
corrosion, and sludge accumulations which can reduce heat
transfer efficiencies.
In order to control the concentrations, it is necessary to bleed
a small amount of circulating water from the system and top
up with fresh water.
The growth of algae, and other microorganisms can reduce
system efficiency and may even contribute to potentially
health hazards.
Biocides are used to treat the water to control the biological
growths.


AHU
*known as air handler, or air
handling unit
* is a device used to condition
and circulate air as part of a
heating, ventilating, and air-
conditioning (HVAC) system.
* a large metal box containing a
blower, heating or cooling
elements, filter racks or
chambers, sound attenuators,
and dampers.
* connect to a ductwork
ventilation system that
distributes the conditioned air
through the building and returns
it to the AHU. Sometimes AHUs
discharge (supply) and admit
(return) air directly to and from
the space served without
ductwork.

ducting of air distribution in Angsana plaza is confidential.
But the AHU only distribute cold air to particular area.


Construction
*Air handler is
normally constructed
around a framing
system with metal infill
panels as required to
suit the configuration
of the components.

* This may be done by means
of a visual display using a
pressure gauge, or by a
pressure switch linked to an
alarm point on the building
control system.
* Failure to replace a filter
may eventually lead to its
collapse, as the forces
exerted upon it by the fan
overcome its inherent
strength, resulting in collapse
and thus contamination of
the air handler and
downstream ductwork.
Cooling elements
*Indirect coils chilled
water for cooling (prime
energy for heating and
cooling is provided by
central plant elsewhere
in the building).
* Coils are typically
manufactured from
copper for the tubes,
with copper or
aluminium fins to aid
cold transfer.
* Cooling coils will also
employ eliminator plates
to remove and drain
condensate., and the
chilled water is provided
by a central chiller.

Blower/fan
Mechanical fan
*Air handlers
typically employ
a large squirrel
cage blower
driven by an AC
induction
electric moto.
Chiller Room
Basement
6 chillers
- 5 chillers with
500 tan
- 1 chiller with
300 tan
Chilled water pump
Condenser water
pump
Air conditioning
main board

Chiller
Machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression
or absorption refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated
through a heat exchange to cool air or equipment as required.
Chiller
In air conditioning systems, chilled water is typically
distributed to heat exchangers, or coils, in air handling units,
or other type of terminal devices which cool the air in its
respective space
Chilled water is re-circulated back to the chiller to be cooled
again.
Cooling coils transfer heat from the air to the chilled water,
thus cooling and usually dehumidifying the air stream.
A typical chiller for air conditioning applications is rated
between 15 to 1500 tons (180,000 to 18,000,000 BTU/h or 53
to 5,300 kW) in cooling capacity.
Chilled water temperatures can range from 35 to 45 degrees
Fahrenheit (1.5 to 7 degrees Celsius).
3 units of cooling tower for a functioning chiller.
Air Conditioning Main Board
Main board
Over current relay
- maintain every two
years
- programmable inputs
and outputs
- comprehensive self-
monitoring
- compact multi-function
numerical relay
Busbar Coupler
Main board for 300 tan
chiller
Main board for 500 tan
Chiller, overcurrent relay,
Busbar coupler
Overcurrent relay Manual switch for chillers
Basic Chilled Water Pumping System
Keeping pressure in the chilled water network constant and
to suck the chilled water from the chillers.

Chilled Water Pump
Control strategy
Enabled chilled water pump when outside air temperature is
above setpoint and at least 1 chilled water coil control valve is
open to coil.
Enable chiller after flow is proven. Chiller operates to
maintain leaving chilled water temperature at setpoint.
Coil valves modulate to maintain comfortable space
conditions.
Chilled Water Pump
6 chilled water pumps
The number and the
running speed of the
pumps are determined by
the cooling load of the
building at the particular
time. Eg. How much
chilled water is needed.

Chiller Room
Related Services
For an efficient air-conditioning system, 3 building services are
important:
Electricity supply (The electric bill for Angsana is around RM
460,000 , and air con system comprises 60% of them)
for air-conditioning systems need to be 3 phase.
To avoid high starting current
Switch on certain AHU at each level
And then chiller
Air conditioning system controlled by BMS (Building
Management Service)
Start with the AHU for office at 7.30am
9.30am for other AHU
Not all AHU switch whole day. Certain AHU certain time.

Related Services
Water supply for larger systems like plant rooms water is used
to remove heat.
Water is distributed to the cooling tower under 1420 atm.
Related Services
DUCTING
Spaces necessary for equipment and ducting.
The ducts connect to indoor air con are situated above ceiling.

SOUND INSULATION
Sound insulation wall was constructed in AHU and chiller room.
Chiller room is located at basement to avoid noise transmission.
Air conditioning flow

Chiller Plant Room
Security
Room
Floor Plan
Level One
The floor plan of Angsana is almost the same. Only the
top floor is different.
Maintenance
The technician check on the air conditioning system monthly.
Follow the schedule they have made
Take about 2 weeks to finish checking the whole system.
When there is a breakdown, report and repair follow the grid.
Conclusion
Extensive use of air-conditioning give rise to heat island
Outdoor areas becomes unsuitable in terms of human
comfort
Passive systems should be used where appropriate
Spaces should be provided for air-con equipment such as
cooling tower, AHU room and chiller room especially for
highrise.

Thank you