Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd

A technical guide to
Elastomer Compounds
and
Chemical Compatibility
The contents of this document are confidential to and the copyright of Precision Polymer Engineering Limited (PPE). No use of all or any part
of this document or the designs, drawings, concepts, representations, specifications and ideas set out in this document can be reproduced
without the prior written permission of PPE nor may it be made available to any third party with a view to such third party carrying out work
based upon the contents of this document. Precision Polymer Engineering Limited. May 2006. All rights reserved.
1 Introduction 4
2 Why use PPE? 5
3 PPE Services 6
Component design and computer modelling 6
Polymer materials consultancy and testing 7
Online seal selection resource for engineers 9
4 Perlast

high performance perfluoroelastomers 11

5 How to select the correct seal 12
6 Elastomer compound types & typical properties 14
Material temperature comparison graph 18
7 Industry specific elastomers 19
8 Elastomer trade names 22
9 Chemical compatibility guide 23
10 Elastomer terminology & definitions 47
11 O-ring groove design guidelines 52
12 O-ring moulding tolerances 54
13 International standard O-ring sizes 57
14 A-Z index 65
Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd
A Technical Guide to Elastomers
Contents
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Industries in which PPE has supplied sealing
solutions include:
Aerospace
Bio-analytical
Chemical Processing
Food, Dairy and Brewing
Marine Diesel Engines
Military / Defence
Nuclear
Oil and Gas
Pharmaceutical
Power Generation
Semiconductor
Water
Seals and components any size, any geometry.
PPE can provide an infinite number and variety of
fully moulded parts including:
O-rings (0.25mm up to 2m diameter)
Flat Seals & Gaskets
Diaphragms
Pipe Couplings
Flanges
X rings
Hygienic seals
Inflatable seals
Pneumatic seals
Micro parts
Bonded parts (onto metal or plastics)
Fabric reinforced parts
Composite parts
Custom designed parts
Precision Polymer Engineering Limited
delivers elastomer sealing solutions to
the worlds leading industrial markets.
Founded in 1974, Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd
(PPE) has over 30 years experience in designing and
manufacturing high performance O-rings and
technical elastomer components.
With an unrivalled materials range of over 350
different compounds, PPE has an elastomer for
every application.
The combination of advanced materials, technical
expertise, rapid tooling, design and manufacturing
support services is unmatched in the sealing industry.
This guide describes the different types of
elastomer available, their typical characteristics
and chemical compatibility, plus factors to
consider when selecting an elastomer for a
particular sealing application.
4
Question:
What if you could extend maintenance cycles, optimize
process conditions, reduce cost of ownership, and/or
increase the efficiency, performance and reliability of your
equipment?
PPE gives you access to the latest skills and expertise in
elastomer technology to ask what if?
With many years experience across a wide range of industries,
PPE can make a valuable contribution to
your business and help you achieve your goals.
PPE aims to become the partner of choice for original
equipment manufacturers, end-users and distributors around
the world. If you are interested in developing your what ifs
into viable business solutions, call PPE today on:
+44 (0) 1254 295400.
Standard and non-standard O-rings
High performance, fully moulded O-rings are manufactured to
order and available in an infinite range of sizes between
0.25mm and 2000mm internal diameter, with order quantities
ranging from 1 to medium volumes.
Range of materials
With a range of over 350 high performance elastomers on offer
and an extensive knowledge base of material compatibility and
performance, PPE ensures the perfect match of material to your
application. Every year we develop many new compounds and
sealing solutions, so if the ideal sealing material has not yet been
created, we can develop it for you.
Material approvals
From the 17 elastomer types detailed in this brochure, PPE
offers many that meet various international approvals and
conformance requirements, such as FDA, USP Class VI, 3-A,
WRC, DTD, MIL and NES 337, enabling PPE to provide superior
sealing solutions that meet the needs of specific industries.
Lead-times
Responsive rapid manufacturing service and express delivery
enable parts to be supplied with some of the shortest lead times
in the industry, measured in days rather than weeks.
Technical design service for customised
solutions
Problem solving is central to our culture, providing customers with
optimal design solutions which exceed expectations. PPE has the
ability to produce and import electronic Computer Aided Design
(CAD) drawings using the latest software, as well as using 2D and
3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) modeling to explore what if
scenarios, ensuring the final seal design is right first time.
(See page 6 for more details).
Technical Support
Support and expert technical advice are always on hand at
PPE. Our engineers and material technologists are able to
provide support on component design, material selection and
compatibility, testing and analysis. Our consultancy service
and field support includes on-site assistance with problem
solving and troubleshooting.
In-house tooling
Tool design and manufacture is undertaken in-house using the
latest CAD and CNC machining techniques. This allows PPE
to manufacture competitive tooling within hours of the initial
design concept, which results in exceptionally short lead times
for non-standard and custom designed components.
Manufacturing facilities/capabilities
PPEs manufacturing facility contains some of the most
advanced equipment in Europe, with the capability of
producing fully moulded rubber components up to 2 metres in
diameter. In addition, critical parts are manufactured in a clean
room environment and a policy of continuous improvement,
supported by extensive investment in facilities, promotes
constant efficiency improvements.
In-house test capabilities
Equipped with a state-of the-art Materials Characterisation Centre
and latest test apparatus, PPEs Material Technology Department
can provide a range of services including: material analysis,
product development, characterisation, testing and detailed
analysis of polymeric materials. (See page 7 for more details).
Quality standards
PPEs quality systems are third-party registered to BS EN ISO
9001:2000 and AS9100:2004 with no exclusions to any
clauses. In addition, PPE is regularly assessed by a wide
range of customers including leading multi-national
corporations. PPE offers full batch traceability of materials
throughout the full production process together with
certification of conformity supplied on request.
Training and education
With the benefit of over 30 years experience in polymer
technology and precision component manufacturing, PPE
offers bespoke training courses which are tailored to your
needs. Our experts will provide delegates with a wealth of
knowledge relating to polymer and sealing technology, from a
basic level right up to advanced and specialist subjects.
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PPE offers a One Stop Shop for all your elastomer sealing requirements.
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Why Use PPE?
Precision Polymer Engineering Ltd (PPE) offers a
comprehensive design and modelling service for seals, custom
moulded elastomers and bonded components.
Typical services include:
Material recommendations, based upon chemical and
mechanical constraints
O-ring size optimisation to maximise sealing efficiency
and life expectancy
Groove size recommendations
Custom seal design
PPE engineers design components using SolidWorks

, which
offers three dimensional parametric Computer Aided Design
(CAD) capabilities. Design intent is captured once into CAD and
then reused to drive all design and manufacturing processes:
2D & 3D non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
using ANSYS

Tool manufacture
3D work instruction generation
2D inspection drawings
Component design and computer modelling services
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Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
FEA is used to predict contact forces, deformation and stress levels within the
component. In order to maximise the accuracy of modelling, PPE engineers
generate temperature specific material models for specific applications. By
minimising stresses within an elastomer we can reduce the effect of stress-induced
chemical attack and therefore prolong the life of a component in application.
Drawing from a wide range of in-house compounds and a comprehensive supply
chain, our design team is able to recommend the most suitable materials for your
application, either using solely elastomers, or augmenting them with metals or
thermoplastics such as PTFE or PEEK

.
Integrated Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) facilities are used by our
experienced team of tool designers to ensure that design intent is maintained
when manufacturing tooling within our in-house tool manufacture facilities.
Full configuration management is maintained throughout the design and
manufacturing process including the generation of 2D inspection drawings and 3D
manufacturing instructions. This ensures that requirements are correctly captured
and that the product we deliver meets the needs defined by our customers.
By working closely with our customers we can provide technical expertise
to maximise the performance of our materials in your application.
FEA rendering showing the equivalent
stresses produced by the installation,
and then compression of a seal.
Computer generated model showing an inflatable
seal for a pharmaceutical application.
Make PPE your sealing partner.
PPE is design-certified to ISO 9001:2000; our team of
designers captures customer requirements and translates
these into hardware recommendations and custom
designs. Various formats of electronic drawings are
accepted including IGES, STEP, PARASOLID, PRO-E

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Inventor, DXF, DWG, plus many others. These can be
imported into SolidWorks

for our team of design

engineers to work with. Components are designed in 3D
CAD, and when required, are modelled using FEA.
Testing resources:
Utilising advanced techniques in material analysis, PPE
provides material characteristics and test data using the
following equipment:
Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) with attenuated total
reflectance (ATR) accessory
Melt-flow indexer
Shore A hardness meter
IRHD hardness meter
IRHD micro-hardness tester
Tensometer, with environmental chamber and laser
extensometer
Reflux and extraction apparatus.
Densometer
Explosive decompression (ED) testing rig
High pressure seal leak testing
Testing capabilities
Utilising the most modern analytical techniques, PPE provides
detailed analysis of materials. This work takes a number of
different forms:
Failure Analysis
A seal that has failed in an application is analysed using various
techniques to identify the cause and mode of failure. This often
includes differentiating between thermal and chemical
degradation and investigating other possible causes - such as
mechanical failure, environmental stress, premature ageing,
contaminants/inclusions and poor design. PPE provides
assistance in recommending alternative designs or materials.
Chemical compatibility
Seal materials are often used in unique combinations of fluids
over a wide variety of temperatures. Test facilities at PPE allow
chemical compatibility trials to be performed to address
specific customer needs. Changes in physical properties for
various materials can be examined and the most cost effective
solution found.
Polymer materials consultancy & testing services
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Analysis capabilities:
Formulation and deformulation
Research and development
Failure analysis
Methods/process development
Data interpretation
Polymer identification
Molecular weight distribution (Rheological method)
Chemical composition
Thermal analysis
Process chemistry and catalyst testing
Monomer ratios in mixed copolmers/terpolymers
Reaction kinetic studies
Dispersion analysis
Troubleshooting
Precision Polymer Engineering offers an extensive range
of independent testing and consultancy services for
companies and organisations which are looking for
assistance in investigating polymer materials of any sort.
As our core operations are very closely connected with
material development, industrialisation and processing, we are
not just another test house or consultant. We are an ideal
partner for organisations seeking practical support to solve a
challenge be it manufacturing, processing, evaluation, failure
analysis or optimisation.
chemical compatibility testing
failure analysis
microscopy
thermo-mechanical evaluation
physical property determination
Some of the key testing aspects:
Thermal Analysis
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
DSC analysis compares the exothermic and endothermic
reactions of samples and a reference, as the sample and
reference are heated through a defined heating regime. The
technique enables the accurate determination of glass transition
temperatures, crystallization and melting points and in the case
of elastomers, cure characteristics. This technique is valuable for
failure analysis and compound development.
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
TGA analysis accurately weighs a sample as it is heated, from
typically 25C to 1000C. As the heating progresses, different
components of the elastomer formulation burn off thereby
reducing the weight. A step-like pattern emerges which
correlates quantitatively with the components of the formulation.
This technique is valuable for compound development,
reverse-engineering, process control and failure analysis.
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Polymer materials consultancy & testing services
Thermo-mechanical Evaluation
Using environmental chambers to test the physical properties of materials at actual or elevated operating temperatures provides
practical results which are much more representative of real-life applications. The data is then used in computer modelling to create
accurate simulations of appropriate seal designs.
Spectroscopy
Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR)
FTIR involves passing an infra-red light through or impinging on a sample of material. The light gives up some of its energy, causing
various molecular structures in the sample to vibrate, twist or stretch; the resultant light is then compared with a reference light
stream and the result is represented as a characteristic plot of peaks. This technique is helpful in fingerprinting materials, failure
analysis and compound development.
Explosive Decompression Testing
Explosive decompression (ED) damage of elastomer seals occurs when seals are
under high pressure for some time and then rapidly de-pressurised. Gases absorbed
into the elastomer rapidly expand causing the seal to rupture. PPEs ED test
equipment can pressurise seals of various geometries up to 70 MPa (10,000 psi) and
can decompress over any desired cycle or time, whilst at temperatures of up to
300C. Using this equipment, compounds can be developed and tested to overcome
this condition, with pressure, temperature and pressure release cycles simulating
actual field operation, the performance of seal types and grades can be confirmed
before installation. With a 3L cylinder, the ED test rig has been designed to meet Total,
NACE, NORSOK and Shell test requirements with all temperatures, pressures, gas
mixtures and depressurisation rates detailed therein. The O-ring carrier insert is
interchangeable to allow O-rings to be tested at various squeeze levels, in face and
piston geometries. This equipment also tests high-pressure sealing capability versus
diametral clearance and back-up ring performance.
The services of the Material Characterisation Centre are
available at very competitive rates see our website
(www.prepol.com) for more details.
More information on the types of tests undertaken can be
found in the Elastomer Terminology section of this brochure.
Chemical Compatibility Lookup Wizard / Material Selector Tool
If you would rather not spend time looking up numerous chemicals from pages of lists and tables, we have made it much easier by
transferring all this information onto our website. With just a few clicks to select the appropriate chemicals, the wizard instantly scores
the various elastomer types against each chemical individually and collectively. The wizard then allows you to shortlist the chemicals
and finally suggests the most appropriate PPE elastomer grades for the short-listed chemicals, which can be sorted and ranked by
various criteria including temperature, hardness, colour, compression set, etc.
Select Technical and Material Selector Tool from the menu.
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Online seal selection resource for engineers
www.prepol.com
A one-stop seal selection resource for engineers.
Includes useful tools and wizards which are quick, free and easy to use.
Datasheets, Specifications and Elastomer Guides
All the technical specifications and datasheets you will ever need are available in our datasheet download library enabling you to
print-off the latest information for PPE elastomers.
Select Technical and Datasheet Library from the menu.
The document library includes PDF newsletters and technical guides covering: types of elastomer compounds, chemical
compatibility, food and pharmaceutical seals and seals for diesel engines.
Select Technical and Literature Library from the menu.
O-ring and Groove Dimension Look-up Wizard
AS and BS dimensions in a flash.
This easy to use wizard allows you to quickly identify the best fit standard sized O-ring for your equipment and print off a full
dimensional drawing. No longer do you have to spend hours thumbing through tables and calculating the seal size, the wizard does it
all within seconds. It provides AS and BS sizes for the most common seals used in plant equipment, specifically, rod seals, piston
seals, face seals and trapped seals. It also provides a detailed technical drawing of the groove showing all dimensional
measurements which can be included in other reports and drawings.
Select Technical and Hardware Design Tool from the menu.
Online Helpdesk
Need help? Got a sealing problem? Look no further than our experts
If you have a question relating to any aspect of elastomer seals weve probably been asked it before. For a quick answer,
consult our Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) page which is constantly updated. If your question doesnt already appear,
dont be afraid to ask our team of experts, and they will respond promptly.
Select Technical and FAQ from the menu.
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Online seal selection resource for engineers
www.prepol.com
A one-stop seal selection resource for engineers.
Includes useful tools and wizards which are quick, free and easy to use.
As part of the PPE Group of companies, Perlast Limited
specialises in the manufacture of the latest generation of
perfluoroelastomer materials.
is a third generation perfluoroelastomer developed
to meet the increasing need for seals with outstanding mechanical
properties combined with excellent chemical resistance.
This high performance material combines the chemical and thermal resistance of
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with the elastomeric properties of fluorocarbon (FKM).
is available as AS, BS, metric and custom O-rings, custom mouldings, bonded
parts and sheets, in a range of hardnesses from 50 to 90 Shore and in a range of colours.
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Key Industries
Semiconductor & Flat Panel Display (FPD)
Plasma resistant and ultra-pure grades.
Pharmaceutical & Bio-anaylitical
FDA and USP Class VI compliant grades.
Chemical Processing
Fully fluorinated compounds offer the highest
level of chemical resistance.
Food and Dairy
FDA and FCN compliant materials and metal
detectable seals.
Diesel Engines
High temperature and fluid resistant grades.
Oil & Gas
High pressure and high temperature resistant
materials.
The flexibility of Perlast
provides a number
of advantages:
Available as AS, BS, metric and
imperial standard O-rings and
non-standard sized O-rings, plus
custom components, composite
parts and bonded parts.
In-house tooling means that
non-standard O-rings and
custom components can be
supplied just as easily as
standard sizes.
An extensive range of material
grades ensuring the optimum
material for each application.
Rapid production with
exceptionally short lead-times.
Designated by ASTM as an FFKM (a perfluoro rubber of polymethylene type, generically
known as a perfluoroelastomer) the range of elastomers offer performance
characteristics that span the most demanding of applications in industries as diverse as
pharmaceutical processing,semiconductor manufacture, large diesel engines for ocean liners
and power generation plants in remote locations.
perfluoroelastomer parts are produced in a wide range of grades, many of which
carry the respective approvals for food, pharmaceutical and semiconductor applications.
characteristics:
High temperature stability up to 330C
Exceptional chemical resistance
Total reliability
High purity
Assured quality
Steam resistant grades
Low out-gasing under vacuum
Good long-term high temperature
compression set resistance
Low permeability
Longevity
For more information on Perlast

, request a copy of the Perlast Brochure or visit www.perlast.com.

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Selecting the correct seal
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The process of selecting a seal must take account of a range of different criteria to ensure that
the optimal material grade and seal size or design is suitable for the application.
Key selection criteria broadly fall into three main categories: the service conditions;
hardware and seal design considerations; and regulatory or approval requirements.
The flowchart opposite summarises the main steps involved in a selecting the correct seal. To assist engineers further with the
selection process, PPE has developed various online tools available at www.prepol.com
Material selector tool an interactive
elastomer chemical compatibility guide
to identify the material grades which
are compatible with various process
media. More details on page 9.
Hardware design wizard an
interactive groove/gland dimension
calculator to select standard BS4518
and BS1806 O-ring sizes, with a full
dimensional drawing available to print.
More details on page 10.
For the selection of non-standard
O-rings and gland design or the
design of custom seals, please consult
the PPE technical sales team for
assistance.
Tel. +44 (0) 1254 295400
Service conditions
What process media will the seal be exposed to (including
those used in cleaning or maintenance operations)?
What temperature will the seal be subjected to (both
maximum and minimum) in storage, normal operation
and extreme conditions (such as equipment overload
scenarios)?
Will the seal be exposed to low or high pressure?
Will this be constant or cycling?
Will the seal be used in a static or dynamic environment?
If used dynamically, will the movements be reciprocating
or rotary?
Are there other constraints such as exposure to
weathering (eg, UV light, ozone), flame retardancy,
electrical conductivity?
What is the seal life expectancy and what are the
consequences of seal failure?
Design considerations
What are the shape and dimensions of the housing
(or gland) where the seal must fit?
Will a standard size O-ring be acceptable, or is a
non-standard size O-ring or a custom design required?
How will the seal be installed? Does it need to be
self-retained during hardware assembly?
Are there other constraints which will affect seal
dimensions and tolerances, such as hardware out of
flatness?
What is the surface finish of the hardware?
Are there any constraints on cost versus reliability?
Approval/Specification requirements
What customer specifications are required?
What regulatory body standards are required?
(e.g. FDA, USP, 3A)
Does the seal need to be a specific colour?
material selector hardware design bespoke design
Selecting the correct seal
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Identify operating temperature
range (max. & min.)
Identify process media
and environment
Identify possible material
types using PPEs
Chemical Compatibility Guide
Select material types with
high Tensile Strength.
(Avoid materials such
as VMQ/FVMQ)
DYNAMIC
Short-list material grades
comparing specification
requirements against
datasheets
Standard
(imperial)
Standard
(metric)
Contact PPE to
discuss requirements
Select a BS4518 O-ring
groove design from PPEs
Hardware Design Tool
Select an AS568 or BS1806
O-ring groove design from
PPEs Hardware Design Tool
STATIC
YES
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CUSTOM PART
O-RING
LOW PRESSURE HIGH PRESSURE
Is the
operating pressure
high or low?
Is the
application static
or dynamic?
Are any
industry approvals
required?
(e.g. FDA)
Is an
O-ring or custom
part required?
Compare operating temperature ranges of each type of material
with the application requirements to produce a short-list of materials
Select softer
material grades
Select harder
material grades
Identify standard size availability
(metric/imperial)
ACM (Polyacrylic or Polyacrylate)
These rubbers are usually copolymers of ethyl acrylate and a
vinyl ether and are resistant to heat, hydrocarbon oils and in
particular, oil additives, especially sulphurised types used for
lubrication under extreme pressure conditions.
ACM elastomers offer excellent heat resistance; they can typically
be used at temperatures of 150C (up to 175C for limited
periods). They provide high resistance to ozone, weathering and
oxidation but are extremely susceptible to hydrolysis, hence their
unsuitability for use in aqueous media. Compression set and low
temperature flexibility depends on the base polymer and
compounding choice. ACM elastomers are used primarily where
combined resistance to heat and oil is required, typical uses
include O-rings, seals and gaskets mainly for the automotive
industry, particularly under-bonnet applications.
AEM (Ethylene Acrylic)
These elastomers are terpolymers of ethylene, methyl acrylate
and a cure site monomer. AEM elastomers offer good resistance
to heat ageing, weathering, aliphatic hydrocarbons and good low
temperature performance. They show poor resistance to strong
acids, hydrolyzing agents and some polar fluids.
AEM applications are similar to those of ACM elastomers, but
AEM has the advantage where low temperature flexibility is
concerned. Applications typically include shaft seals, spark
plug boots, CV joint bellows and ignition wire jackets.
AU / EU (Polyester and Polyether Urethane)
These elastomers generally show outstanding tensile strength,
tear and abrasion resistance, and give excellent protection
against oxygen and ozone (except in hot climates, due to
greater risk of microbiological attack in AU types, and
ultraviolet light in the case of EU types). EU elastomers have a
better low temperature flexibility (-35C typically) and both
have excellent resistance to high-energy radiation.
Polyurethane rubbers are used where high abrasion resistance
and oil / solvent resistance are required together, e.g. hydraulic
seals and gaskets, diaphragms, hoses and roller-skate and
skateboard wheels. In all applications, consideration should be
given to hydrolysis and limited heat resistance.
CR (Chloroprene)
Chloroprene rubbers are essentially chlorinated polyisoprenes,
which exhibit medium resistance to high molecular weight oils.
Chloroprene rubbers contain chlorine in the polymer to reduce
the reactivity to many oxidising agents, as well as to oil and
flame. CR elastomers also have good resistance to ozone
cracking, heat ageing and chemical attack. Some of the
important applications of CR elastomers include Vee-belts,
coated fabrics, cable jackets, tyre-sidewalls, seals and gaskets in
contact with refrigerants, mild chemicals and atmospheric ozone.
CSM (Chlorosulphonylpolyethylene or
Chlorosulphonatedpolyethylene)
CSM grades contain 24-43% chlorine content to provide
excellent ozone and weather resistance, high resistance to
many oxidising and corrosive chemicals, good resistance to
dry heat to 150C, low flammability and gas permeability, and
also good resistance to hot water (when cured with lead
oxide). The low temperature properties are generally limited,
depending on the chlorine content of the CSM grade used,
and the compression set is not very good. CSM elastomers
are generally useful in electrical applications, weather resistant
membranes, hoses and acid resistant tank linings.
ECO (Epichlorohydrin)
These halogenated linear aliphatic polyethers show excellent
resistance to ozone and weathering and very good resistance
to hydrocarbon oils bettered only by polysulphides,
fluoroelastomers and high-acrylonitrile nitrile rubbers. They
exhibit good mechanical properties but are susceptible to sour
gas attack. They are unsuitable for use with ketones and
esters, alcohols, phosphate ester hydraulic fluids, sour gas,
water and steam, and generally not recommended for rubber
to metal bonding (they are corrosive to metals). The main
applications for ECO elastomers are centred on the automotive
industry, for use as seals, gaskets, diaphragms, cable jackets,
belting, plus low temperature Natural Gas diaphragms.
Elastomer types and properties
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Elastomer types are often referred to under standard designations/acronyms
listed in ASTM D1418 or ISO 1629. A brief description of each elastomer type
and their typical characteristics follows:
A complete list of current PPE material grades
is available on our website: www.prepol.com
EPR/EPDM (Ethylene-Propylene)
These rubbers are mainly available in two structures as the
copolymer (EPR), or as the terpolymer (EPDM). The properties
for both types of rubber are very similar with the polymers
exhibiting outstanding resistance to weathering, ozone, water
and steam. These rubbers have good chemical resistance and
are particularly recommended for use with phosphate ester
based hydraulic systems. They are typically used in the
production of window and door seals, wire and cable
insulations, waterproofing sheets and hoses. They are not
suitable for use with mineral oils or petroleum based fluids.
These rubbers can either be sulphur or peroxide-cured, in
general sulphur-cured grades have superior mechanical
properties and inferior high temperature properties and vice-
versa for peroxide cured grades.
FEP/PFA (Fluoroethylene Propylene-Perfluoroalkoxy)
These chemically modified fluorocarbon copolymers
(fluoropolymers) appear more like plastic than rubber, they are
extremely resilient and show excellent chemical resistance.
Mechanical properties are very good even at high
temperatures. Non-stick characteristics are excellent and
abrasion resistance can be classified as moderate. The
effective continuous temperature range is from -100C to
+200/250C for FEP/PFA respectively. Typical applications
include door seals and sealing systems in diaphragm pumps,
cryogenic plants, sealed filter units, corrosive fluid plants, relief
and emergency valves and pneumatics. Fluoropolymers are
often used to encapsulate other elastomers to produce
composite seals.
FEPM or TFE/P (Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene)
A copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene, FEPM is
solely produced by the Asahi Glass Company, and sold under
the name Aflas

. FEPM vulcanisates exhibit similar thermal

stability to FKM elastomers, but better electrical resistance
and a different chemical resistance profile. FEPM compounds
have the ability to resist a wide range of chemical
combinations such as sour gas and oil, acids and strong
alkalis, ozone and weather, steam and water, all hydraulic and
brake fluids, alcohols, amine corrosion inhibitors, water-based
drilling and completion fluids, high pH completion fluids and
high energy radiation. However, they are not compatible with
aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons (e.g. M.E.K.
and acetone), organic acetates and organic refrigerants.
FEPM elastomers are suitable for long-term service in air up to
225C and for short periods up to 250C, but are limited in
low temperature applications. They are finding wide
applications mainly in oil-field operations and chemical
processing as O-rings, seals and gaskets, cable insulating and
jacketing and hose liners.
FFKM/FFPM (Perfluoroelastomer)
FFKMs exhibit outstanding high temperature properties and
are the most chemically resistant elastomer available;
effectively a rubber form of PTFE. They are superior to FKM
elastomers, showing continuous dry-heat resistance to 260C,
with extended performance to 330C for high temperature
grades. They are extremely inert chemically and show
excellent resistance to the majority of chemicals that attack
other elastomers. Other notable properties include excellent
resistance to oil-well sour gases, high temperature steam, low
out-gassing under vacuum and good long-term high
temperature compression set resistance. Typical applications
are sealing systems for oil refineries, pharmaceutical plant,
aerospace, chemical plant and the semiconductor industry.
See Page 11 for details of Perlast

, the FFKM
Perfluoroelastomer material from PPE.
FKM/FPM (Fluoroelastomer or Fluorocarbon)
This class of rubber is available as a copolymer, terpolymer or
tetrapolymer; the type determines the fluorine content and
thus, chemical resistance. FKM materials are either bisphenol-
cured or peroxide-cured for better resistance to wet
environments. General properties include excellent resistance
to heat, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated
solvents and petroleum fluids. Fluoroelastomers have a clear
superiority in O-ring sealing force retention over most other
oil-heat resistant rubbers with the exception of
perfluoroelastomers such as Perlast

(see page 11).
FKM/FPMs do show poor resistance to ethers, ketones,
esters, amines and hydraulic fluids based on phosphate
esters. Special compounds are required to provide suitable
resistance to hot water, steam and wet chlorine. Typical
applications are for valve-stem seals, crankshaft seals, diesel
engine cylinder O-ring seals, pinion seals, glow plug seals,
ducting expansion joints and seals for the aerospace industry.
Elastomer types and properties
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A complete list of current PPE material grades
is available on our website: www.prepol.com
FVMQ (Fluorosilicone)
FVMQ elastomers are modified silicone rubbers, which have
many of the properties associated with silicone rubber but
show great improvements in oil and fuel resistance. Typical
properties include excellent resistance to ozone, oxygen,
weathering and non-adhesive characteristics. They have a
very wide service temperature range and low chemical
reactivity. They do however have low tensile strength, poor
tear and abrasion resistance and high gas permeability. Typical
uses include sealing systems requiring wide temperature
exposure and resistance to aerospace fuels and oils.
IIR (Butyl)
This copolymerised structure of isobutene and isoprene has
an effective long-term temperature range of -50 to +120C.
The key properties for this rubber are very low gas
permeability and water absorption with very good resistance
to ozone, weathering and oxygen. All grades have very low
elastic resilience and are suitable for use with many fluids
except for mineral and petroleum based chemicals. Typical
applications are tyre inner tubes, vacuum seals and
membranes, pharmaceutical enclosures and shock absorbers.
IR (Polyisoprene)
Synthetic version of natural rubber; its strengths and uses are
similar, but its relative purity means that IR materials tend to
crystallise less at low temperatures. Consequently, it has
better performance at lower temperatures but, at normal
temperatures, its performance is inferior to natural rubber.
NBR (Nitrile or Acrylonitrile Butadine)
The properties of this copolymer are governed by the ratios of
the two monomers acrylonitrile and butadiene. Nitrile rubber
can be classified as three types based on the acrylonitrile
(ACN) content (low, medium and high). The higher the ACN
content, the higher will be the resistance to aromatic
hydrocarbons. The lower the ACN content, the better will be
the low temperature flexibility. The most commonly specified,
and the best overall balance for most applications is,
therefore, 'medium nitrile'.
High Nitrile: >45% ACN content
Medium Nitrile: 30 45% ACN content
Low Nitrile: < 30% ACN content
General characteristics of NBRs include excellent resistance to
aliphatic hydrocarbon oils, fuels and greases, very low gas
permeability, improved heat ageing and ozone resistance,
improved tensile and abrasion strength, hardness, density and
low compression set. Typical applications are as gaskets and
seals, hoses and cable jacketing in hydraulic/pneumatic
systems and oil/hydrocarbon based environments.
Elastomer types and properties
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Copolymer, Terpolymer or Tetrapolymer
Fluoroelastomer or fluorocarbon (FKM/FPM) materials are available in three general types depending
on their fluorine content and the number of monomers contained within the polymer:
Type
Fluorine
Content
Advantages/Disadvantages
Copolymer
(A/E)
65-65.5%
Contains two monomers (simple molecules from which polymers are built).
General purpose, most common, most widely used for sealing.
Best compression set and very good fluid resistance.
Often referred to as 'A' and 'E' type grades.
These are normally the least cost types of compound.
Terpolymer
(B or F)
67%
Contains three monomers.
Better fluid and oil/solvent resistance than copolymers but at the expense of
poorer compression set resistance.
Often referred to as 'B' or F type grades.
F grades offer superior fluid resistance over B grades.
Tetrapolymer
(G)
67-69%
Contains four monomers.
Improved fluid, acid, solvent resistance over other types. Compression set better
than terpolymers. These are sometimes known as 'G' grades.
In addition, certain tetrapolymers have good low-temperature flexibility.
Tetrapolymers are the most costly of the three types listed here.
Tetrapolymer materials can also be referred to as GF, GLT and GFLT grades
which correspond to Viton

FKM materials.
GF Good high temperature performance and chemical resistance but reduced
mechanical properties and low temperature performance.
GLT Improved low temperature performance but reduced chemical resistance.
GFLT Good all-round low/high temperature performance and chemical resistance.
Viton

is a registered trade name of Dupont Performance Elastomers.

HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile)
HNBR elastomers are a saturated version of NBR, showing
superior heat resistance. General properties include excellent
wear resistance, high tensile strength, high hot-tear resistance,
low compression set and very good ozone and weathering
resistance. They also exhibit good resistance to many oil
additives, hydrogen sulphide, high-energy radiation and amines
present in crude oil.
HNBRs fill the gap between NBRs and FKMs in many areas of
application where resistance to heat and aggressive media are
required simultaneously, and may therefore provide a lower cost
alternative to FKM elastomers. Typical applications are in extreme
environments such as oil-fields and under-bonnet automotive.
NR (Natural rubber )
Natural rubber (tapped from the cultivated rubber tree) exhibits
high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, resilience, tear
strength and low hysteresis. These rubbers exhibit the best
long range elasticity.
The chemically similar IR (polyisoprene) has lower strength
properties than the natural form but better low-temperature
performance. Both rubbers are susceptible to degradation by
weathering, and both show poor resistance to mineral and
petroleum-based oils and fuels.
Main applications apart from tyres are for vibration mounts,
springs and bearings.
PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
Polytetrafluoroethylene is not an elastomer but an extremely
inert thermoplastic, unaffected by virtually all known solvents.
It also exhibits this inert characteristic over a wide range of
temperatures. Its hardness and lack of elasticity prevents its
general use as an elastomeric sealing ring, but it is often used
as a back-up ring. Typical applications are backing rings,
bearings and non-stick requirements, or for use in composite
seals when combined with elastomers.
SBR (Styrene-Butadiene)
This copolymer of styrene and butadiene is used in general
applications where exposure to mineral oils is not required.
Originally developed to replace natural rubber, it performs
better at high temperatures, although tensile strength,
resilience and abrasion resistance are inferior at lower
temperatures. SBRs have inferior weathering and chemical
resistance to most other elastomers. Typical applications are
sealing requirements for hydraulic braking systems.
TFE/P (Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene)
See FEPM.
VMQ/PVMQ (Silicone)
These elastomers, which include the phenyl substituted
silicones are noted for their high and low temperature
applications (phenyl silicones offer exceptionally low temperature
flexibility). They have excellent resistance to ozone and
weathering and good resistance to compression set at high
temperatures. They do, however, have poor tensile strength,
low tear and abrasion resistance and high gas permeability.
Silicones have a low level of combustible components; even
when exposed to flame, the elastomer is reduced to a non-
conducting silica ash. Silicones also exhibit excellent
compression set and high physiological inertness (tasteless,
odourless and completely non-toxic). Silicones are also resistant
to bacteria, fungi, a wide range of media including high energy
radiation and excellent release properties (except to glass).
Platinum-cured silicones offer enhanced levels of purity and low
extractables making them ideal for pharmaceutical, biomedical
and food & drink applications.
Elastomer types and properties
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A complete list of current PPE material grades
is available on our website: www.prepol.com
This graph positions the various elastomer types according to typical temperature and chemical resistance. Elastomers which are in
the top right-hand corner are considered high performance elastomers.
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Elastomer types and properties
A complete list of current PPE material grades
is available on our website: www.prepol.com
This graph shows the typical useful operating temperature range of each elastomer type.
Typical temperature capability of elastomers
Normal operating temperature
short-term operation or special
high temperature grade required
short-term operation or special
low temperature grade required
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Elastomers for specific industries and applications
In some industries, elastomers must meet certain requirements or comply with
specific regulations and standards. Below is a summary of criteria required in
various industries:-
Aerospace/Defence
Approved to ISO 9001/2000 and AS9100, PPEs short
lead-times and production capabilities fit well with the
requirements of maintenance, repair and overhaul operations.
Military customers, in particular, take advantage of our efficient
make-to-order capabilities where limitations on cure dates (shelf
life) prevent speculative stock holding of spares. A range of
materials are available which conform to the test requirements
of the DTD and MIL specs, these materials are used in a wide
range of aircraft and support systems.
In addition to the more traditional areas of sealing such as in
electrical and fuel systems, our materials with extreme
temperature capabilities such as phenyl silicones and Perlast

perfluoroelastomers are being specified for demanding

applications such as jet engines, laser infra-red counter
measures and high pressure gas generators.
Elastomers typically used in this industry include high FKMs,
low temperature FKM, ultra-low compression set FKM, low
temperature fluorosilicones, nitriles (NBR), special EPDMs and
ultra-high temperature FFKMs.
Defence Standard 02-337 (NES 337) defines O-ring seals
used on UK Ministry of Defence Surface Ships & Submarines
and their associated systems and equipment. Typical system
applications include hydraulics, lubrication systems, fuel
systems and pneumatics. PPE offers a complete range of
nitrile and fluorocarbon elastomer materials to meet the
requirements of this specification.
Nuclear
Expertise and capabilities in the design and development of
seals for high containment applications, from material process
through to transportation and storage. A wide range of
materials are available that are suitable for use with ionising
radiation and hazardous materials, including industry-accepted
EPDM, Nitrile, FKM and Polyurethane grades.
Marine Diesel, Generator Sets and Power Generation
PPE is a world-leading supplier of seals for diesel and gas
engines for both marine propulsion and electricity generation
(gen sets). Our seal designs and high performance materials
continue to be specified on 2 and 4 stroke engines from small
to large capacity, where typical life expectancy of >20,000
hours is required. PPE materials have been developed for
long-term resistance to coolants, lubricating oils, corrosion
inhibitors and fuels - from high grade diesel and unrefined
gases to aggressive heavy fuel oils (HFO). Our materials have
a proven track record in the most arduous areas such as the
cylinder liners, flame deck, fuel delivery and exhaust valve seat
applications where planned maintenance schedules are met
and even exceeded.
For applications calling for the use of SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride)
insulating gas and oil filled transformers, our specially formulated
E70V EPDM grade with low electrical conductivity ensures long
service life in extreme weather conditions.
Elastomers typically used in this industry include EPDM, NBR,
HNBR, fluorocarbons (FKM), silicone (VMQ) and
perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) for ultimate temperature and
chemical resistance.
Ask for a copy of our High Performance Elastomer Seals for
Diesel Engines brochure or download it from our website
www.prepol.com.
Chemical Processing
Sealing for the chemical processing industry requires high
performance materials which offer excellent high temperature
and aggressive chemical resistance. The diverse range of
markets within this industry, including petrochemical and
pharmaceutical, demand outstanding sealing performance,
reliability and increased service life, which in turn extends
preventative maintenance cycles of mechanical seals.
From our extensive range of elastomer compounds we can offer
materials that meet various international approvals and
conformance requirements, enabling us to provide superior
sealing solutions for pumps, valves, mechanical seals, pipe
couplings and reactors which meet the needs of our customers.
Pharmaceutical & Bio-analytical
PPE offers a full range of sealing solutions for pharmaceutical and
bio-analytical industries where both mechanical and chemical
properties are crucial, and hygienic sealing capability is critical.
PPE's pharmaceutical material grades include EPDM, Nitrile,
Silicone, FKM and FFKM, which have been specially
developed to withstand steam-in-place (SIP) and clean-in-
place (CIP) procedures within pipework and vessels. In
addition, many of these materials are compliant with the
requirements of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
United States Pharmacopeia - Class VI (USP Class VI) and
3-A Sanitary Standards.
Request a copy of our Elastomer Seals for the Food and
Phamaceutical Industries brochure or download it from our
website www.prepol.com.
PPE materials which are suitable for all the above
industries are listed on our website: www.prepol.com
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Elastomers for specific industries and applications
Semiconductor
Semiconductor production
environments represent some
of the most aggressive
environments encountered by
seals. Seals have to be made
of ultra-pure materials, survive
extreme temperatures and a
mixture of fluorinated gases.
For these reasons, seals for the semiconductor industry are at
the cutting edge of material technology.
PPE scientists and technicians have created a range of
specially developed high performance materials for use in
critical semiconductor environments. Emphasis is placed on
providing a comprehensive range of materials, including the
latest generation of Perlast

Perfluoroelastomers, which offer

enhanced performance and improved functionality.
The relentless drive to improve productivity and increase wafer
yields has resulted in increased process temperatures, use of
more aggressive gases and increased plasma density, all of
which place escalating demands on current sealing technology.
Perlast

compounds have been created to withstand

temperatures up to 330C in aggressive media such as activated
fluorine-based chemistries. The result is a new range of materials
that will help extend maintenance cycles, reduce particle
generation and lower chamber leakage rates.
In addition, PPE can also provide FKM copolymers in black, white,
brown and green, fluorosilicones in blue and translucent, plus the
innovative Nanofluor ultra pure, nano-filled fluoropolymer.
Request a copy of our Perfluoroelastomers for Semiconductor
Applications brochure or download it from our website.
Offshore (Oil & Gas)
Precision Polymer Engineering has supplied high performance
O-ring seals and custom mouldings into the oilfield industry for
over 25 years. Specialist grades of elastomer are specifically
tailored to meet the challenges of the most inhospitable
operating environments in the world, encountering explosive
decompression, sour gas, extreme temperatures and
aggressive chemicals.
PPE supplies components into a wide range of applications,
including safety critical rubber/metal bonded blow-out
preventor seals, low friction sampling cylinder seals and fully
moulded O-rings up to 2 metres in diameter for use on pipe
couplings and large pumps.
We offer components with high sealing efficiency for systems
operating in environments with high temperature combined
with high pressure such as ultra-deep water drilling to 210
MPa (30,000 PSI) and 260C.
Our broad range of compounds allows our material and
engineering teams to specify the right solution for every sealing
system. Elastomers typically used in this industry include NBR,
HBNR, fluoroelastomer (FKM - copolymers, terpolymers &
tetrapolymers), Kemex, Aflas

and perfluoroelastomer (FFKM).

Explosive decompression (ED) resistant grades are available
from PPE in Aflas

, FKM and HNBR. In addition, ED testing is

available in our state-of-the-art material characterisation centre
see page 8 for more details.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
The Food and Drug Administration is the US Federal Agency
responsible for ensuring that foods are safe, wholesome and
sanitary; human and veterinary drugs, biological products and
medical devices are safe and effective; cosmetics are safe;
and electronic products that emit radiation are safe.
Although the jurisdiction of the FDA is in theory restricted to
the United States, FDA regulations are commonly adopted as
international control standards.
Through its Codes of Federal Regulations the FDA provides a
list of materials and chemicals that are approved for contact
with foodstuffs. CFR 21.177.2600 describes the relevant
regulations for Rubber articles intended for repeated use.
This lists the ingredients and any quantitative limits that may
be used in a rubber compounds for moulded products
intended for repeated use in all stages of food manufacture,
preparation and transportation.
CFR21.177.2600 also specifies limits on extractable products
if the elastomer is to be used in contact with aqueous or fatty
foods. The regulation specifies extraction test limits in water
and n-hexane. It is important to note that for an elastomer to
be compliant to these requirements, then this claim must be
supported with appropriate documentation.
The FDA does not approve products to CFR21.177.2600; it
is for the manufacturer of the finished rubber product to
demonstrate compliance. It is also important to note that
whilst a component may be made from a material that is
suitable for food contact, this does not mean that the part is
technically suitable for its intended application.
PPE offers an extensive range of FDA-compliant material
grades that is unrivalled in the sealing industry. The range
includes EPDM, nitrile (NBR), HNBR, silicone, chloroprene,
fluoroelastomer (FKM) and perfluoroelastomer (FFKM).
In addition, PPE has developed an exciting new range of metal
detectable elastomer compounds designed specifically to meet
the stringent demands of the food processing industry. The
DETECTASEAL range includes FDA-complaint grades with
compounds available in blue, white and black.
DETECTASEAL O-rings have been tested and proven in use
at leading food manufacturing plants in the UK.
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Elastomers for specific industries and applications
Food Contact Notification (FCN)
The Food and Drug Administration Modernisation Act of 1997
provides a system whereby a manufacturer or supplier of
food-contact material may submit an FCN to the FDA
regarding the identity and use of the new food contact
substance, together with necessary data to demonstrate that
the substance is safe for its intended use. FCN is a formal
acceptance of a material by the FDA, so it is fundamentally
different to self-certification to FDA CFR21.177.2600.
An FCN application requires a detailed analysis of the
compound, its constituents, toxicological effects and intended
uses, and is much more rigorous than the requirements of
CFR21.177.2600. The complexity and high cost of the FCN
process means that only a limited range of very high
performance perfluoroelastomer materials, that are used in
critical and very demanding applications, have FCN acceptance.
PPE offers a number of perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) grades
which are FCN accepted, ranging in hardness.
USP Class VI
The United States Pharmacopeia is a US non-government
organisation that promotes public health by establishing state-
of-the-art standards to ensure the quality of medicines and
other health care technologies.
Whilst this organisation is concerned with the pharmaceutical
and bio-technology industries, many manufacturers of hygienic
equipment will be producing multi-purpose designs to be used
in a range of different industry sectors.
Standards are published by the United States Pharmacopeia
in the National Formulary (USP-NF). Compliance to USP Class
VI is often requested by end users. Testing for compliance
involves an assessment of the effects of the material, and
extractables, on tissue.
PPE offers a range of material grades approved to USP 29,
NF24, 2006 for the Biological Test for Plastics,
Class VI including EPDM, Silicone, Fluoroelastomer (FKM) and
Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM).
3-A Sanitary Standards Inc.
Formed by the US food and dairy industry, 3-A Sanitary
Standards Inc. defines specifications and best practice for the
design, manufacture, installation and use of hygienic
equipment. As with FDA, the 3-A Standards are adopted on a
worldwide basis.
Standard no. 18-03, 3-A Sanitary Standard for multiple-use
rubber and rubber-like materials used in product contact surfaces
in dairy equipment describes requirements for food quality
materials that must also be suitable for cleaning and sanitising.
To comply with the requirements of the Standard, the elastomer
materials must comply with FDA CFR21.177.2600 and also be
resistant to steam sterilisation, milk fat, acid and alkali cleaning
solutions and chlorine sanitising agents. The PPE elastomers
meeting Classes I, II and III of the 3-A Standard include
Fluorocarbon (FKM), Silicone, EPDM and Nitrile, allowing
manufacturers to select the most appropriate elastomer according
to temperature, chemical and physical performance criteria.
Potable Water Grade Seals
In the UK, FDA-compliant materials approved for drinking water
applications, must also satisfy the requirement of British
Standard BS2494 (type W) for the Water Research Council in the
United Kingdom. The testing regime for WRC approval is
different to FDA testing, in that it requires elastomer products to
be tested to ensure that they do not promote the propagation of
bacteria and do not give any taint to potable water.
KTW (Germany) specifies the requirements of
elastomers in potable water as set out by the
German Technical and Scientific Association
for Gas and Water (DVGW) in the regulation
Arbeitsblatt W270.
In France, the medical control of the water intended for human
consumption is controlled by lAutorite de Controle Sanitaire (ACS).
Drinking water approvals vary from country to country, although
it is common for one country to use a material that has been
approved under the standard of another country. Our technical
team can advise on which products are suitable for drinking
water applications against a number of national standards.
Request a copy of our Elastomers for the Food, Water and
Dairy Industries or download it from our website.
Explosive Decompression Resistant
Permeation of a gas into an elastomer under high pressure
may not result in any long term effect provided the pressure is
released gradually, allowing the gas to permeate out of the
elastomer. However, if the pressure is released rapidly, the
pressurised gas can expand explosively, rupturing the
elastomer in a catastrophic manner. PPE offers a number of
materials which have been formulated to be resistant to
explosive decompression including Aflas

, FKM and HNBR

PPE posses one of the most advanced explosive
decompression testing units in Europe. Capable of testing
seals of various geometries up to 10,000 psi, under varying
compression, over any desired cycle/time within a temperature
range from subzero up to +250C. With pressure, temperature
and pressure release cycles simulating actual field operation,
independent testing can be carried out to confirm the
performance of seal types and grades before installation (see
page 8 for more details).
Gas Specification Materials
Materials formulated in accordance with British Standard
BS2494 (type G) are suitable for gas applications in the
United Kingdom. The British Gas Specification BGC/PS/LC6
sets out the physical properties and quality requirements for
seals and gaskets used in gas applications.
PPE offers a range of nitrile (NBR) grades which are
formulated in accordance with this specification.
NES 337 Materials
Defence Standard 02-337 (NES 337) defines O-ring seals
used on UK Ministry of Defence Surface Ships & Submarines
and their associated systems and equipment. Typical system
applications include hydraulics, lubrication systems, fuel
systems and pneumatics. PPE offers a complete range of
nitrile and fluorocarbon elastomer materials to meet the
requirements of this specification.
ASTM D1418 Standard practice for rubber and rubber lattices nomenclature
* ISO 1629 Rubber and rubber lattices nomenclature
Registered trademark holders:
Perlast

- Precision Polymer Engineering. Aflas

- Asahi Glass. Baypren

, Therban

, Polysar Butyl

, Perbunan

, Krynac

, Tornac

, Polysar EPDM

, Siloprene

, Vulkollan

, Urepan

, Desmopan

Bayer. Epcar

, Estane

,
Hydrin

, Hycar

BF Goodrich. Breon

, Butaclor

BP Chemcials. Carom

Chemisches Kombinat. Buna Huls

, Buna AP

, Buna-N

Chemische Werke Huls. Elastothane

Compounding Ingredients. Epsyn

Copolymer Rubber. Dai-el

, Neoflon FEP

, Neoflon PFA

- Daikin Industries. Noralon

Denki Kagugi Chemcial. Pellethane

DOW Chemical. Silastic

, Silastic LS

DOW Corning. Keltan

DSM. Neoprene

, Hypalon

,
Teflon FER

, Teflon PFA

, Nordel

, Vamac

, Viton

, Kalrez

Dupont Performance Elastomers. Fluorel

, Fluorel II

, BRE

Dyneon. Cyanacryl

, Europrene

, Europrene N

, Europrene AR

Enichem Elastomeri. Esso Butyl

Esso. Exxon Butyl

Exxon Chemical. Solprene

Fina Chemicals. Silplus

, FSE

General Electric. Chemigum

, Natsyn

, Pliolite

, Plioflex

Goodyear. Chemraz

, Fluoraz

Greene Tweed. Herclor

Hercules
Chemcial. Denka

- JSR. Dutral

, Tecnoflon

Solvay-Solexis. Noxtite PA

Nippon Oil Seal Industry. Butakon

Revertex. Rhodorsil

Rhone Poulenc. Shell Isoprene Rubber

, Cariflex

Shell International Chemical.

Skyprene

Todo Soda. Royalene

, Paracil

, Adiprene

, Vibrathene

Uniroyal Inc. Butacril

Was Ugine Kuhlmann. Gechron

, Nipol

, Nipolar

, Zetpol

Zeon Chemicals.
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Elastomer trade names
ASTM D1418
Abbreviation
Chemical name Trade names
ACM Polyacrylate (Polyacrylic)
Europrene-AR

, Krynac

, Nipolar

, Hycar

,
Cyanacryl

, Noxtite-PA

P
AEM Ethylene Acrylic Vamac

W
AQU
EU
Polyester Urethane
Polyether Urethane
Vibrathane

, Pellethane

, Urepan

,
Elastothane

, Adiprene

, Desmopan

,
Vulkollan

, Estane

Q
CR Chloroprene
Neoprene

, Skyprene

, Butclor

,
Baypren

, Denka

C
CSM
Chlorosulphonylpolyethylene
(Chlorosulphonated polyethylene)
Hypalon

, Noralon

L
ECO Epichlorohydrin Hydrin

, Herclor

, Gechron

H
EPD
EPDM
Ethylene-Propylene Copolymer
Ethylene-Propylene Terpolymer
Buna-AP

, Dutral

Epsyn

, Nordel

, Epcar

, Keltan

,
Royalene

, Polysar-EDM

E
FEP
PFA
Fluoroethylene Propylene
Perfluoroalkoxy
Teflon FEP

, Neoflon FEP

Teflon PFA

, Neoflon PFA

D
FEPM See TFE/P Aflas

, Dyneon BRE

A
FFKM/FFPM* Perfluoroelastomer Perlast

, Kalrez

, Chemraz

G
FKM/FPM* Fluoroelastomer Viton

, Dai-el

, Fluorel

, Tecnoflon

V
FVMQ Fluorosilicone Silastic LS

, FSE

F
HNBR Hydrogenated Nitrile Therban

, Tornac

, Zetpol

Z
IIR Butyl Rubber Exxon Butyl

, Polysar Butyl

, Esso Butyl

J
IR Isoprene Shell Isoprene Rubber

R
NR Natural Rubber Natsyn

R
SBR Styrene Butadine (Buna-S)
Cariflex S

, Plioflex

, Europrene

, Pliolite

,
Buna Huls

, Carom

, Solprene

B
PPE
Prefix
NBR
XNBR
Nitrile Butadine
Carboxylated Nitrile
Breon, Butakon

, Chemigum

, Hycar

Buna-N

, Butacril

, Paracil

, Perbunan

,
Krynac

, Europrene-N

, Nipol

N
TFE/P Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene Aflas

, Flourel ll

, Fluoraz

A
VMQ
PVMQ
Silicone Silastic

, Siloprene

, Rhodorsil

, Silplus

S
The trade names listed above are correct at the time of printing.
The following chemical compatibility table is available as an
interactive wizard online at www.prepol.com. Simply select
the appropriate chemicals from the list and the wizard will
instantly score the various elastomer types against each
chemical individually and collectively. The wizard then allows a
shortlisting of the chemicals and finally suggests the most
appropriate PPE elastomer grades for the short-listed
chemicals, which can be further sorted and ranked by various
criteria including temperature, hardness, colour, compression
set, etc.
This guide is intended to provide assistance in determining the
suitability of various elastomer types in different chemical
environments. The ratings are based on volume swell data
which has been compiled from published literature, laboratory
tests, actual field experience and informed judgments.
As laboratory tests do not necessarily predict end-use
performance, it is the users responsibility to ensure
suitability in application.
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23
Chemical compatability guide
Volume change (swell) is only an indicator of fluid compatibility and is intended as a typical guideline for comparative purposes. Fluid
attack of the polymer may affect various physical properties, including tensile strength, hardness and elongation. Elevated
temperatures can exacerbate chemical attack on elastomers, therefore in some cases it may be necessary to select special
formulations which offer improved performance. Please contact PPE for technical support and assistance when choosing the right
elastomer for a specific application.
NOTE: The information given in this guide is provided in good faith and believed to be accurate and reliable. For actual applications,
appropriate testing and validation is mandatory. No representation, guarantee of performance or warranties of any kind are made.
Online Interactive Chemical Compatibility Wizard / Material Selector
Rating System
Rating Description
Volume
Change
Comments
1 Excellent <10% Little or no effect.
2 Good 1020%
Moderate swelling and change in physical properties.
May be suitable for static applications.
3 Doubtful 2040%
Significant swelling and noticeable change in physical properties.
Questionable performance, caution advised if used.
4 Do not use >40% Not suitable.
No data available Insufficient information available for rating.
Select Technical and Chemical Compatibility from the menu.
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Acetaldehyde 1 3 3 1 2 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 2
Acetamide 1 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 4 4 4 3 4 2 1 2 1
Acetic acid (dilute) 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 2 1 1
Acetic acid (glacial) 1 3 3 4 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 4 2
Acetic acid (hot, high pressure) 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 3
Acetic anhydride 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2
Acetic oxide (Acetic anhydride) 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 2
Acetone 1 4 3 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4
Acetone cyanohydrin 1 3 2 1 4 1 4 3 4 4
Acetonitrile (Methyl cyanide) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1
Acetophenone 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Acetyl acetone 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Acetyl chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3
Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) 1 1 1 4 2
Acetylene (Ethyne) 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 2
Acetylene tetrabromide 1 1 4 2 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Acrolein (Acrylaldehyde) 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 4
Acrylaldehyde 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 4
Acrylonitrile (Vinyl cyanide) 1 2 3 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4
Adipic acid 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Alkane (Dodecyl benzene) 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 1 2 2 4
Alkane sulfonic acid 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 2
Alkazene (Dibromoethylbenzene) 1 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 4
Alkyl aryl sulfonate 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 2
Allyl alcohol 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1
Allyl bromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4
Allyl chloride 1 4 2 1 2 3 2 4 2 1 4
Alum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
Aluminium acetate 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 2 4 4 4
Aluminium bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aluminium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Aluminium fluoride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 2
Aluminium hydroxide 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2
Aluminium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 1 1 1 2
Aluminium phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aluminium potassium sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 4 1 1
Aluminium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aluminium sodium sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aluminium sulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 1
Amines 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 2
Aminobenzene (Aniline) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4
Aminobutane (Butyl amine) 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
Aminosalicylic acid 1 1
Ammonia , anhydrous 1 2 4 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2
Ammonia gas, cold 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 4 4 1 4 1 1
24
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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A
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F
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B
R
C
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&

P
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Ammonia gas, hot 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 1
Ammonium acetate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
Ammonium bicarbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ammonium bifluoride 1 4 1 2 2 2
Ammonium bisulfite 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 2
Ammonium bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ammonium carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 4 3 1 2
Ammonium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3
Ammonium cupric sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1
Ammonium dichromate 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1
Ammonium fluoride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Ammonium fluosilicate 1 1
Ammonium hydrogen fluoride 1 4 1 2 2 2
Ammonium hydroxide, 3 molar 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 2 1 2 2 1 1
Ammonium hydroxide, conc. 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 3 2 4 4 3 1 1
Ammonium iodide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ammonium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 3 2 3 1 3 1 3
Ammonium nitrite 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 3 4 1 3 1 2
Ammonium oxalate 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 2
Ammonium perchlorate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 1 2
Ammonium persulfate 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 1 1
Ammonium phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 1
Ammonium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 1
Ammonium sulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 1
Ammonium sulfide 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 1 1
Ammonium sulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ammonium thiocyanate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ammonium thiosulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Amyl acetate 1 3 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Amyl alcohol (Pentanol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 2 3 2 1 2 4
Amyl amine 1 2 1 1 2 2 3
Amyl borate 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 1 1 1
Amyl chloride (Chloropentane) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 1 2 2 4 4
Amyl chloronaphthalene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Amyl naphthalene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4
Amyl nitrate 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 3 2 1 2
Amyl phenol 1 4 1 4 4 4 1 4
Aniline (Aminobenzene) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4
Aniline dyes 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 3 2 3 4 2 2 3
Aniline hydrochloride 1 1 3 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 4 3 2 4 2 2 4 3
Aniline oil 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4
Aniline sulfate 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 2
Animal oils & fats 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2
Anisole (Methyl phenyl ether) 1 4 4 1 4 4 3
Anone (Cyclohexanone) 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
25
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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F
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Anthraquinone 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 1
Antifreeze 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1
Antimony pentachloride 1 4 1 4 4 4 4
Antimony trichloride 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2
Aqua regia 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4
Argon 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 4 1 1 2 2 4 2
Aromatic fuels 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
Arsenic acid 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 1
Arsenic trichloride 1 4 1 1 3 4 2 4 4 2 4
Ascorbic acid 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 1 2
Askarel 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
Asphalt 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 4 1 1 2 4 4
ASTM fluid 101 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
ASTM fuel A (aliphatic) 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
ASTM fuel B (30% aromatic) 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 1 3 1 1 4 4
ASTM fuel C (50% aromatic) 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
ASTM fuel D 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1 2 3 1 2 1 4 4
ASTM oil 1 (high aniline) 1 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1
ASTM oil 2 (medium aniline) 1 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 4 4
ASTM oil 3 (low aniline) 1 3 4 4 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 4 3
ASTM oil 4 (high aniline) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 2 2 4 4
Automatic transmission fluid 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 3 4
Barium carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Barium chlorate 1 4 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 2
Barium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Barium cyanide 1 1 1 3 1
Barium hydrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Barium hydroxide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
Barium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2
Barium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Barium sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1
Barium sulfide 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
Beer 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
Benzal chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Benzaldehyde 2 2 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Benzene (Benzol) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Benzene sulfonic acid, 10% 2 4 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 1 4
Benzine (Ligroin) (Nitrobenzine) 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 4 1 1 3 4
Benzochloride 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 1 1 4
Benzoic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Benzophenone 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 2
Benzoyl chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Benzoyl peroxide 1 1 1
Benzyl acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4
Benzyl alcohol 1 1 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 1
26
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Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Benzyl benzoate 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Benzyl chloride (Chlorotoluene) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Benzyl dichloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Beryllium chloride 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 3
Beryllium sulfate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 1 2
Biphenyl (Phenylbenzene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Bismuth carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Black sulfate liquors (cold) 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2
Blast furnace gas 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1
Bleach liquor 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 4 1 3 2 2 1 2
Borax (Sodium borate) 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 4 2
Bordeaux mixture 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 1 1
Boric acid (Boracic acid) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Boron fluids (HEF) 1 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 1 2 4 4
Boron trichloride 1 1
Brake fluid (glycol base) 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3
Brake fluid (mineral oil base) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 3
Brake fluid (silicone oil base) 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3
Brine (Salt water) 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 4 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
Bromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4
Bromine 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Bromine pentafluoride 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Bromine trifluoride 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Bromobenzene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Bromochloro trifluoroethane 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Bromochloromethane 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 2 4 4
Bromoethane (Ethyl bromide) 1 1 3 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4
Bromotoluene 1 4 1 4 4 4 2 4
Bromotrifluoromethane 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 4
Bunker oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 4 2
Butadiene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Butane (Butyl hydride) (LPG) 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 3 1 1 2 4
Butanediol 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 1 2
Butanol (Butyl alcohol) 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
Butene (Butylene) 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
Butoxyethanol (Butyl cellosolve) 1 3 4 3 1 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Butter 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2
Butydigol (Butyl carbitol) 1 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4
Butyl acetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Butyl acetyl ricinoleate 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 4 1 2 2 2
Butyl acrylate 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1
Butyl alcohol (Butanol) 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
Butyl amine (Aminobutane) 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
Butyl benzoate 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Butyl bromide 1 4 1 4 4 4 2 4
27
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Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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(
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Butyl butyrate 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 1 1 4
Butyl carbitol 1 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4
Butyl cellosolve (Butoxyethanol) 1 3 4 3 1 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Butyl chloride (Chlorobutane) 1 4 1 3 3 4 2 3 1 4 2
Butyl ether 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 3 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4
Butyl hydride (Butane) 1 3 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 3 1 1 2 4
Butyl oleate 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3
Butyl phenol 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4
Butyl phthalate (Dibutyl phthalate) 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 3 4
Butyl stearate 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 4 3
Butylene (Butene) 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
Butyraldehyde 2 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Butyric acid 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4
Butyric anhydride 1 4 1 3 3 3 2
Butyrone (Dipropyl ketone) 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4
Cadmium chloride 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2
Cadmium nitrate 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 2
Cadmium sulfate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 1 2
Calcine liquors 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1
Calcium acetate 1 1 3 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4
Calcium bisulfate 1 2 1 2 1 1
Calcium bisulfide 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 1 2
Calcium bisulfite 1 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 1 4 1 2 1 3
Calcium bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium chlorate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Calcium hydrosulfide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium hydroxide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 3
Calcium hypochloride 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 3
Calcium hypochlorite 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 3 1 4 2 2 1 2
Calcium nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
Calcium oxichloride 1 1 4 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 2
Calcium oxide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium permanganate 1 1 1 1
Calcium phosphate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Calcium silicate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium sulfate (Gypsum) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium sulfhydrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium sulfide 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 2
Calcium sulfite 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
Calcium thiosulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1
Caliche liquors 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
28
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
P
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L
A
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F
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M
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B
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P
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R
(
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R
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F
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(
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Camphor 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 2 4
Cane sugar liquor 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
Capric acid (Caproic acid) 1 2 2 2 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 2
Caproic aldehyde 1 4 1 1 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 2
Capryl alcohol (Octanol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
Carbamate 1 4 2 1 2 2 3 4 4 4 1 4 1 2
Carbinol (Methanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
Carbitol 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 2
Carbolic acid (Phenol) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Carbon bisulfide 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 2 1 4 3
Carbon dioxide, dry 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
Carbon dioxide, wet 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
Carbon disulfide 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 1 4 3
Carbon monoxide 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1
Carbon tetrachloride 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 3 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
Carbonic acid 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
Castor oil 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Caustic potash 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 3
Caustic soda 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 3
Cellosolve 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Cellosolve, acetate 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Cellosolve, butyl 1 2 4 3 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Cellosolve, methyl 1 2 4 3 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Cellulose acetate (CA) 1 3 4 1 2 4 4 4 4
Cetane (Hexadecane) 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 2 4
Cetyl alcohol 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 2
China Wood oil (Tung oil) 1 1 4 2 1 4 3 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4
Chloral hydrate 2 3 3 1 3 3 4 4 3 2
Chloramine-T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chlordane 1 1 4 3 1 4 4 2 4 1 2 2 3 4
Chlorextol 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 2 2 4 4
Chloric acid 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 1 1
Chlorinated brine 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 2 1 4 1 2 4
Chlorinated lime 1 1 4 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 2
Chlorinated solvents 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 4 4
Chlorine dioxide 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 3 3
Chlorine trifluoride 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Chlorine, dry 1 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 1 4 4
Chlorine, wet 1 3 4 3 1 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 2 3 3
Chloroacetic acid 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
Chloroacetone 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Chlorobenzene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Chlorobromomethane 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Chlorobutadiene (Chloroprene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Chlorobutane (Butyl chloride) 1 4 1 3 4 4 2 4
29
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
P
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L
A
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F
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C
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R
(
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R
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)
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(
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(
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Chlorodifluoromethane 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4
Chlorodiphenyl 4 4 4 4 1 4
Chlorododecane 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 4 4
Chloroethylene (Vinyl chloride) 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Chloroform 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Chloronaphthalene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 2 4 4
Chloronitroethane 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4
Chloropentafluoroethane 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 3
Chloropentane (Amyl chloride) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4
Chloroprene (Chlorobutadiene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Chlorosulfonic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Chlorothene (Trichloroethane) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Chlorotoluene (Benzyl chloride) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) 2 1 4
Chlorotrifluoromethane 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 3 1 1 3 1 4
Chlorox 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 2 1 2 2
Chrome plating solution 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 2
Chromic acid, 50% 1 1 4 4 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 2 3
Chromic oxide (aqueous) 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 1 2
Chromium sulfate 1 2 1 2 2 1 2
Citric acid 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cobalt chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
Coconut oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 3 1
Cod liver oil 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 2 2
Coffee 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 4 4 3 1 3 2 1 1 1
Coke oven gas 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 2
Coliche liquors 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1
Coolanol 1 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 4
Copper acetate 1 4 4 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4
Copper carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 2
Copper chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1
Copper cyanide 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Copper salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Copper sulfate, 10% 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Copper sulfate, 50% 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 1
Copper sulfide 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
Corn oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 1
Cottonseed oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 1
Creosote (coal tar) 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 4 1 1 3 4 1 3 1 1 4 4
Creosote (wood tar) 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 4 1 1 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4
Cresol (Cresylic acid) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
Crotonaldehyde 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 4 2 2
Crotonic acid 1 4 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4
Crude oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 4 4
Cumene (Isopropyl benzene) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
30
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
P
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L
A
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T

F
E
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M
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B
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F
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P
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(
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(
S
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Cupric chloride (Copper chloride) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 1
Cutting oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
Cyclohexane 1 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 1 4 4
Cyclohexanol 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 3 2 1 3 4
Cyclohexanone 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Cyclopentane 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 4
Cymene (Isopropyltoluene) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Decahydronaphthalene 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Decalin 1 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Decanal 1 4 1 4 1 4 4 4 4
Decane 1 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 3 2
Decanol (Decyl alcohol) 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 1
Denatured alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
Detergent solution 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 3 1 1 2 1
Developing fluid (photographic) 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dextron 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 4 4
Dextrose 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Diacetone (Diacetone alcohol) 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Diazinon 1 4 3 1 4 4 3 4 2 2 3 4
Dibenzyl ether 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 2
Dibenzyl sebacate 1 2 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 3 4 3
Dibromoethyl benzene 1 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4
Dibutyl amine 1 2 4 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
Dibutyl ether 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 3 2 4 3 4 4 3 4 4
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) 1 2 4 4 1 2 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 2
Dibutyl sebecate (DBS) 1 2 4 4 1 2 3 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2
Dichloro isopropyl ether 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 3 4 4
Dichloroacetic acid 1* 4 4 1 1 3 4 4 2 4 4
Dichlorobenzene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Dichlorobutane 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 2 2 4 4
Dichlorodifluoromethane 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 4
Dichloroethyl ether 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4
Dichloroethylene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 3 4
Dichlorofluoromethane 2 4 2 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4
Dicyclohexylamine 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4
Diesel oil 1 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 1 4 4
Diester synthetic lubricant 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 4 4 1 2 2 4 4
Diethanol amine (DEA) 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 1 2 3 2 1 2 2
Diethyl amine 1 3 3 1 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3
Diethyl benzene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 4 4
Diethyl carbonate 1 4 1 4
Diethyl ether 1 4 4 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4
Diethyl phthalate (DEP) 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 3 4
Diethyl sebacate 1 2 4 4 1 3 2 3 4 4 4 2 4 3 2 4 2
31
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
P
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A
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F
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B
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C
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F
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P
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R
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Diethylene ether (Dioxane) 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4
Diethylene glycol (Digol) 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 2
Diethylene triamine 1 1 2
Difluorodibromomethane 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Diisobutyl ketone 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Diisobutylene 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 3 3 4 4
Diisodecyl adipate (DIDA) 1 4 1 1 4 4 3 4
Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 3 4
Diisooctyl adipate (DIOA) 1 4 1 1 4 4 3 4
Diisooctyl phthalate (DIOP) 1 4 1 1 4 4 3 4
Diisooctyl sebecate (DIOS) 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 3
Diisopropyl amine 2 1 1 2 2 3
Diisopropyl benzene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3
Diisopropyl ketone 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Dimethyl amine (DMA) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Dimethyl aniline 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Dimethyl ether 1 4 4 3 1 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 2 4 1 4 1
Dimethyl formamide (DMF) 1 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2
Dimethyl ketone (Acetone) 1 4 3 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4
Dimethyl phthalate 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 1
Dimethyl sulfate 4 1 3 4 4 2 4
Dimethyl sulfide 1 4 1 4 3 1 4 4 1 1 4 2
Dinitrotoluene (DNT) 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) 1 2 4 4 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 4 2 3 3 2 4 3
Dioctyl sebacate 1 1 4 4 1 2 3 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 3 4 3
Dioxane 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4
Dioxolane 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Dipentene (Limonene) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 3 4 4
Diphenyl (Phenylbenzene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Diphenyl oxide (Phenyl ether) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 2 4 3
Dipropyl ketone (Butyrone) 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4
Dipropylamine 1 2 1 1 2 2 3
Dipropylene glycol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Divinyl benzene (DVB) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 3 3 4 4
Dodecyl benzene (Alkane) 1 4 1 4 4 4 1 4
Drinking water 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dry cleaning fluids 2 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 3 2 4 4
DTE light oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 4 4
Epichlorohydrin 2 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Epoxy resin 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 3
Epsom salts 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Ethanal (Acetaldehyde) 1 3 3 1 2 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 2
Ethane 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 2 2 4
Ethanethiol (Ethyl mercaptan) 1 1 4 3 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 2 3
Ethanol 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1
32
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
P
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F
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P
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(
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(
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(
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(
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(
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Ethanol amine 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 3 2 4 4 2 4 3 2
Ether 1 4 4 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4
Ethyl acetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Ethyl acetoacetate 1 3 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2
Ethyl acrylate 1 3 4 3 1 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Ethyl acrylic acid 1 4 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Ethyl alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 3 2 1 1 1
Ethyl aluminium dichloride 1 4 1 4 4 4 2 4
Ethyl amine (Monoethylamine) 1 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 4 3
Ethyl benzene 1 2 4 4 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Ethyl benzoate 1 3 3 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Ethyl bromide (Bromoethane) 1 1 3 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4
Ethyl butyl acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4
Ethyl butyl alcohol 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 2 2
Ethyl butyl ketone 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4
Ethyl butyraldehyde 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 4
Ethyl butyrate 1 4 1 4 4 3
Ethyl cellosolve 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Ethyl cellulose 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 4 2 2
Ethyl chloride 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 1 1 4 4
Ethyl chlorocarbonate 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Ethyl chloroformate 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Ethyl cyanide (Propionitrile) 1 1 4 2 1 3 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 1 3 2 4
Ethyl cyclopentane 1 2 4 3 1 4 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 4 4
Ethyl ether (Ether) 1 4 4 3 1 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 4
Ethyl formate 2 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 2 4
Ethyl hexanol 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1 1 2
Ethyl hexyl acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4
Ethyl hexyl alcohol 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 2
Ethyl iodide 4 1 1 4 4 4 2 1
Ethyl mercaptan (Ethanethiol) 1 1 4 3 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 2 3
Ethyl oxalate 1 1 1 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 2 4 4
Ethyl pentachlorobenzene 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Ethyl silicate 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 2 1 4 1 1 2 1
Ethyl sulfate 1 1 4 1 1 3 4 4 2 4
Ethylene (Ethene) 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 3 4
Ethylene alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ethylene bromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4
Ethylene chloride 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4
Ethylene chlorohydrin 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 1 4 4 2 2 3
Ethylene diamine 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 2 1
Ethylene dibromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 3 4 4
Ethylene dichloride 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4
Ethylene glycol 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 1 1 1
Ethylene oxide (ETO) 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
33
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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F
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(
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Ethylene trichloride 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4
Ethyne (Acetylene) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 1 2 2
Fatty acids 1 1 4 2 1 3 3 2 4 1 1 2 3 3
Ferric chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 2
Ferric hydroxide 1 2 1 1 2 4 4 2
Ferric nitrate 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 2
Ferric sulfate 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Ferrous chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 2
Ferrous sulfate 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 2
Fish oil 1 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 4 1
Fluoboric acid (Fluoroboric acid) 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Fluorine 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4
Fluorobenzene 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4
Fluorochloroethylene 3 4
Fluorol (Sodium fluoride) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Fluorolube (Fluorocarbon oils) 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1
Fluosilicic acid 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 1 4
Formaldehyde 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3 2
Formamide 1 3 1 2 1 3 2 3 1
Formic acid 2 3 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 3 4 3 4
Freon 11 2 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 4
Freon 12 2 4 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 4
Freon 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 3 1 4
Freon 13b1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 4
Freon 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4
Freon 21 2 4 2 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Freon 22 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 4 1 4
Freon 31 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 4 4 2
Freon 32 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 1
Freon 112 (Freon BF) 2 4 4 2 1 4 3 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 3 2 4
Freon 113 (Freon TF) 3 4 2 1 1 4 1 4 1 4 2 3 2 4 1 4 1 4
Freon 114 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 1 2 1 4
Freon 114b2 3 4 3 1 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 1 4
Freon 115 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 4 1 4
Freon 134a 2 4 3 2 1 1 3 1 4 2 4 1 1 3 1 2
Freon 502 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
Freon C316 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Freon C318 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Freon K-142b 3 4 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 4 1
Freon K-152a 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3
Freon PCA 3 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 2 1 1 4
Freon T-P35 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Freon T-WD602 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 4
Freon TA 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1
Freon TC 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4
34
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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F
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(
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Freon TMC 2 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 3
Fuel oil 1 1 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 3 4 1* 2 1 1 4 4
Fumaric acid 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 2 2
Furan (Furfuran) 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Furfural (Furfuraldehyde) 2 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4
Furfuryl alcohol 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Gallic acid 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 4 1 1 4 2 1 2 3
Gasohol 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Gasoline 1 3 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 1 3 3 1 4 4
Gelatin 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
Glauber's salt 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 4 1 2
Gluconic acid 1 4 1 1 1 3 3 1 4 1 3 1 2 2
Glucose 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Glycerine (Glycerol) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Glycine 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2
Glycol 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1
Glycolic acid 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Glycolmonoethylether 1 3 2 1 4 1 1 3 1
Grease (petroleum base) 1 1 4 2 1 4 2 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 4
Green Sulfate liquor 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 4
Halothane 2 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Halowax oil 2 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4
Heavy water 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
HEF-2 (high energy fuel) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 4 4
Helium 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Heptanal 1 4 1 1 4 4 2 4
Heptane 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
Hexachlorobutadiene 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Hexadecane (Cetane) 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 2 4
Hexalin (Cyclohexanol) 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 3 2 1 3 4
Hexamine 1 1 1
Hexane (n-Hexane) 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 2 4
Hexanedioic acid (Adipic acid) 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Hexanol 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 3
Hexone (MIBK) 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Hexyl alcohol 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 2 3
Hexylene (n-Hexene) 1 3 4 2 1 4 2 4 2 1 2 4 1 3 2 1 2 4
Hexylene glycol (Brake fluid) 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 2
Hydraulic oil (petroleum base) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 2
Hydrazine (Diamine) 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 2 2
Hydrazine, anhydrous 2 2 1 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 2
Hydrobromic acid 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 1 1 4 4 3 1 4
Hydrochloric acid, 3 molar 1 1 3 3 1 1 4 1 3 3 4 3 1 3 2 2 4
Hydrochloric acid, 37% (cold) 1 1 3 3 1 2 4 2 3 4 4 2 1 3 3 2 2 4
Hydrochloric acid, 37% (hot) 1 1 4 4 1 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 1 3 3 3 4 4
35
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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F
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(
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Hydrochloric acid, concentrated 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 3 4 4
Hydrocyanic acid 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 1 3
Hydrofluoric acid, concentrated 1 2 3 3 1 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 2 4 4 4 2 4
Hydrofluosilicic acid 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 4 1 4
Hydrogen bromide 1 2 4 3 1 2 4 1 4 4 4 2 2 4 3 1 4
Hydrogen chloride 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 4 2 1 1
Hydrogen fluoride (HF) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 3 4
Hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4
Hydrogen gas 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 3
Hydrogen peroxide, 30% 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 1
Hydrogen peroxide, 90% 1 1 4 4 1 3 2 3 3 4 4 4 1 4 3 2 3 2
Hydrogen sulfide (wet, hot) 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 2 3
Hydrolube (water/ethylene glycol) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 1 2 2
Hydroquinone 2 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 3 4 4 2 4 3
Hydroxyacetic acid 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Hypochlorous acid 1 4 4 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 3 4 3
Iodine 1 2 2 4 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 1 2 1 1 2 3
Iodine pentafluoride 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Iodoform 1 4 4 1 4 1 3 4 4 2 3 2
Iso-butane 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 2
Iso-octane 1 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
Isoamyl acetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 1 4 4 3 1 4 2
Isoamyl alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Isoamyl butyrate 1 4 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 1 4 4 3 1 4 2
Isoamyl chloride 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 4 2 4
Isobutyl alcohol (Isobutanol) 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 1 1
Isobutyl amine 1 2 1 1 2 2 4 3
Isobutyl chloride 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 4 1
Isobutyric acid 1 3 3 1 1 3 4 2
Isododecane 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
Isopentane 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 3 2
Isophorone (Ketone) 1 2 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Isopropanol (Isopropyl alcohol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 3 2 2 1 1
Isopropyl acetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 3 2 2 1 1
Isopropyl amine 1 2 1 1 2 2 4 3
Isopropyl benzene 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Isopropyl chloride 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Isopropyl ether 1 4 4 3 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 4
Isopropyl toluene (Cymene) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Kel F liquids 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1
Kerosene (Kerosine) 1 2 4 3 1 4 2 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 1 3 4
Lacquer solvents 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Lacquers 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Lactams (Amino acids) 1 3 4 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 2
36
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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F
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P
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(
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Lactic acid (cold) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 2
Lactic acid (hot) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 3 2
Lard 1 1 4 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2
Lauryl alcohol (n-Dodecanol) 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2
Lavender oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 3 4 2 2 4 4 1 4 3 2 4 4
Lead acetate 1 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4
Lead chloride 1 4 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2
Lead chromate 1 4 2 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2
Lead nitrate 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 4
Lead sulfamate 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 1 2
Light grease 1 2 4 4 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 4
Ligroin (Nitrobenzine) 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 4 1 1 3 4
Lime bleach 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 2 2
Lime sulfur 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1
Limonene (Dipentene) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 3 4 4
Lindol (Tritolyl phosphate) 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3
Linoleic acid 1 1 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 2 4 2 2 4 2
Linseed oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 3 1
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 3 1 4 1 4 2 3 4 3
Liquid oxygen 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Liquimoly 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 4 4
Lithium bromide 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Lithium chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Lithium hydroxide 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 1 2
Lithophone 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 2
Lubricating oil (di-ester base) 1 2 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 1 1 2 4 4
Lubricating oil (petroleum base) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 4 4
Lye solution 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 2 4 2 2 1 2
Magnesium acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4
Magnesium chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Magnesium hydroxide 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 3
Magnesium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Magnesium sulfate 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Malathion 1 4 3 1 4 4 2 4 1 2 4
Maleic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 1 4 4 3
Maleic anhydride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4
Malic acid (Apple acid) 1 1 2 2 1 4 4 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
Managanese (II) chloride 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 1 1
Manganese carbonate 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 3 1 1 2
Manganese sulfate 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
Mercuric chloride 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
Mercuric cyanide 1 1 2 1 1 2 1
Mercurous nitrate 1 1 2 1 1 2 1
Mercury 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Mesityl oxide 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
37
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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F
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(
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(
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Methacrylacid methylester 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Methacrylic acid 1 2 2 1 2 4 3 4 4 4
Methane 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 2 2 4
Methanol (Methyl alcohol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
Methyl acetate 1 4 4 3 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Methyl acetoacetate 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
Methyl acrylate 1 4 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Methyl acrylic acid (Crotonic acid) 1 4 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4
Methyl alcohol (Methanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
Methyl amine 1 2 2 1 2 1 4 2 2 1
Methyl amyl acetate 1 1 1 4
Methyl amyl alcohol 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1
Methyl benzoate 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Methyl bromide 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 1 3 2 1 4 3
Methyl butyl ketone 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
Methyl butyrate 1 4 1 4 4
Methyl carbonate 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Methyl cellosolve 1 1 4 3 1 2 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Methyl cellulose 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 1 2 4 2 2
Methyl chloride 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4
Methyl chloroformate 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Methyl cyanide (Acetonitrile) 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1
Methyl cyclopentane 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Methyl dichloride 1 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Methyl ether 1 4 2 3 1 2 4 2 2 4 4 3 1 4 1 1 4 1
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2
Methyl formate 1 4 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 2 3
Methyl glycol acetate 1 2 3 1 1 2 4 4 4 3 4 2 2
Methyl iodide 1 4 1 1 4
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Methyl isopropyl ketone 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Methyl mercaptan 1 1 1 1
Methyl methacrylate (MMA) 1 3 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
Methyl oleate 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3
Methyl phenyl ether (Anisole) 1 4 4 1 4 4 3
Methyl propyl ketone 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 4
Methyl salicylate 1 3 3 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3
Methylene bromide 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4
Methylene chloride 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4
Methylene dichloride 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 2 4 4
MIL- spec fluids Contact technical department
Milk 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1
Mineral oil 1 1 4 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 2 2
Monobromo benzene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
38
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PPE Prefix G A B C D E H J N P Q R V W Z F L S
Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Monochloro acetic acid 1 4 4 1 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Monochloro acetone 1 4 2 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4
Monochloro benzene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Monoethanolamine (MEA) 1 1 2 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 2
Monoethylamine (Ethyl amine) 1 3 3 1 1 2 3 3 4 3
Monomethyl amine (MMA) 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1
Monomethyl aniline 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2
Monomethyl ether 1 3 2 1 4 1 1 3 1 4
Monomethyl hydrazine 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 4
Monovinyl acetylene 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2
Morpholine 1 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4
Mustard gas 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1
n-Dodecanol (Lauryl alcohol) 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2
n-Heptane 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 3 2 1 2 4
n-Hexaldehyde 1 4 1 1 1 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2
n-Hexane 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 1 2 4
n-Hexanol 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 1 4 4 2 1 4 2 2 2 2
n-Hexene (Hexylene) 1 3 4 2 1 4 2 4 2 1 2 4 1 3 2 1 2 4
n-Octane 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 3 2 2 4 4
n-Pentane 1 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 3 1 3 2 4
n-Propyl acetate (Propyl acetate) 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n-Propyl acetone 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
n-Propyl nitrate (NPN) 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Naphtha 1 2 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
Naphtha coal tar (Benzol) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Naphthalene (Tar camphor) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Naphthenic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 3 1 4 4
Natural gas 1 1 3 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 4
Neatsfoot oil 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 4 2
Neohexane 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 2 1 4 4
Neon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Neville acid 1 1 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Nickel acetate (Diacetate) 1 4 4 2 1 1 3 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 4
Nickel chloride 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Nickel nitrate (Dinitrate) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Nickel salts 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Nickel sulfate 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Niter cake 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Nitric acid (3 molar) 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 3 4 4
Nitric acid (concentrated) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4
Nitric acid (red fuming) (RFNA) 2 3 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
Nitrobenzene 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4
Nitrobenzine (Ligroin) 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 4 1 1 3 4
Nitroethane 1 2 2 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4
Nitrogen 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
39
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Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Nitrogen tetroxide 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Nitromethane 1 3 3 3 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4
Nitropropane 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Nitrous acid 1 4 1 1 3 1 3 3 1 2
o-Chloronaphthalene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
o-Cresol (Cresylic acid) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
o-Dichlorobenzene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Octachlorotoluene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 4 4
Octadecane 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 4
Octanol (Octyl alcohol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
Octyl acetate 1 4 1 2 4 4 4 4
Octyl alcohol (Octanol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
Oleic acid 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Olein (Triolene) 1 4 4 1 4 2 3 2 4 4 2 3 4
Oleum (fuming sulfuric acid) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 4 4
Olive oil 1 1 4 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 2 1
Orthochloroethylbenzene 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Oxalic acid 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 2
Oxygen (100 to 200C) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 2
Oxygen (below 100C) 1 1 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Ozone (50 PPHM) 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
Paint thinner (Duco) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4
Palmitic acid 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 1 4 1 1 3 4
Par-al-ketone 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Para-dichlorobenzene 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Paraffins 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
Paraldehyde 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 4
Peanut oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 3 1
Penicillin 1 1 1 3 1 4
Pentachloroethane (Pentalin) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 1 4
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) 1 4 1 4 4 1
Pentane (Amyl hydride) 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 1 3 3 4
Pentanol 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 4
Pentyl alcohol (Amyl alcohol) 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 4
Pentyl amine (Amyl amine) 1 2 1 1 2 2 3
Perchloric acid 1 2 4 2 1 2 3 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 2 4
Perchloroethylene (Perchlor) 1 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 3 2 4 4
Petrolatum 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
Petroleum oil (above 1???) 1 1 4 4 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 2 4 4 4
Petroleum oil (below 1???) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 2 2 2
Petroleum oil, crude 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
Phenol (Carbolic acid) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Phenol sulfonic acid 1 4 1 3 4 4 2 4
Phenyl acetate 1 4 4 1 2 4 4 4
Phenyl benzene 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
40
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Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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F
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2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Phenyl ether (Diphenyl oxide) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 3
Phenyl ethyl ether (Phenetole) 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Phenyl hydrazine 1 1 2 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 4 2 4 3
Phenyl methyl ketone 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Phorone 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Phosgene 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Phosphate esters 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 4
Phosphoric acid (3 molar) 1 1 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 4 2 1 4 2 2 2 2
Phosphoric acid (concentrated) 1 2 3 4 1 2 4 3 4 3 4 3 1 4 3 2 3 3
Phosphorus oxychloride 1 4 1 4
Phosphorus trichloride 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Phthalic acid 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 4 2 1
Phthalic anhydride 1 4 1 1 2
Picric acid, H2 1 2 2 2 1 1 4 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 2 1 4
Pine oil 1 1 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4
Pinene 1 1 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 4 4
Piperidine 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Plating solution, chrome 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4
Pneumatic service 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 4
Potassium acetate 1 1 4 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4
Potassium bicarbonate 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 2
Potassium bisulfate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1
Potassium bisulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium bromide 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1
Potassium carbonate (Potash) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium chlorate 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 4 4 2 1 1
Potassium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium chromate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 3 1
Potassium copper cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium dichromate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium ferricyanide 1 2 1 1 1 4 2 1
Potassium ferrocyanide 1 1 1 4 1 4
Potassium fluoride 1 2 1 1 2 1
Potassium hydroxide, 50% 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 2 4 4 2 3 1 3
Potassium hypochlorite 1 2 3 1 1 3 3 2 2 3
Potassium iodate 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2
Potassium iodide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium nitrate 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium nitrite 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium oxalate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2
Potassium perchlorate 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium permanganate 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 3 4 4 4 1 2 1 1 3 1
Potassium persulfate 1 4 2 1 1 2 1 4 4 4 4 1 2 2 1 1 1
Potassium phosphate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
41
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Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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F
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2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Potassium salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium silicate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium sulfate 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 1 3 1 1 2 1
Potassium sulfide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Potassium sulfite 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Potassium tartrate 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2
Potassium thiocyanate 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1
Producer gas 1 1 4 2 1 4 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 2 2 2
Propane (LPG) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4
Propanol (Propyl alcohol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 2
Propionaldehyde (Propanal) 1 1 1 4 3 4
Propionic acid 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1
Propionitrile (Ethyl cyanide) 1 1 4 2 1 3 4 2 1 4 4 1 4 1 3 2 4
Propyl acetate (n-Propyl acetate) 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Propyl alcohol (1-Propanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 2
Propyl amine 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Propyl nitrate (n-Propyl nitrate) 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Propylene (Propene) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Propylene chlorohydrin 1 4 1 4 4 4 3
Propylene dichloride 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4
Propylene glycol 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Propylene oxide 1 3 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
Pyridene 1 2 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
Pyrogallol (Pyrogallic acid) 1 3 1 3 3 4 1
Pyrrole (Azole) 1 3 4 1 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3
Quinine (Bisulfate) (Sulfate) 1 1 2 4 2 3 2 2
Quinone 1 1 4 4 2 4 1 2
Radiation Contact technical department
Rapeseed oil 1 1 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 3 3
Red oil (MIL-H-5606) 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4
RJ-1 (MIL-F-25576) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
Rosin 1 3 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 2
Rotenone 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
RP-1 (MIL-F-25576) 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
Sal ammoniac 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 3
Salicylic acid 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 4 1 1 1 1
Sea water (Brine) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sewage 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Silicate esters 1 1 4 1 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 2 4
Silicone grease 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3
Silicone oil 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4
Silicone tetrachloride 2 1 1
Silver bromide 1 4 1 1 1 4 3
Silver chloride 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3
Silver cyanide 1 4 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 4
42
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Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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(
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Silver nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Skydrol 500 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3
Skydrol 7000 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3
Soap solutions See Detergent solution
Sodium acetate 1 2 4 2 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 4 4 4
Sodium aluminate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium arsenite 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 4 3 3 3
Sodium benzoate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium bicarbonate (Baking soda) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium bichromate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 3 1
Sodium bisulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium bisulfite 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 1 2 1 1 1 1
Sodium borate (Borax) 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 4 2
Sodium bromate 1 1 4 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 1 2
Sodium bromide 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 3 1 1 2
Sodium carbonate (Soda ash) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium chlorate 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 3 1 2 1 1 1 1
Sodium chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium chlorite 1 2 1 1 4 1
Sodium chromate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 3 1
Sodium citrate 1 4 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 3
Sodium cyanide 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Sodium dichromate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Sodium ethylate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 3
Sodium ferricyanide 1 4 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 1 2
Sodium ferrocyanide 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2
Sodium fluoride (Fluorol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium hydrogen sulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium hydrogen sulfite 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium hydroxide (Caustic soda) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 3 4 1 2 1 2
Sodium hypochlorite, 20% 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 1 4 2 2 4 2
Sodium hyposulfite 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 1
Sodium iodide 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2
Sodium lactate 1 1 1 1 3 4 1 1 3 3 1 2
Sodium metaphosphate 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Sodium metasilicate 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium nitrate 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 4
Sodium nitrite 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 2 1 1 1 4
Sodium oleate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2
Sodium oxalate 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium perborate 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 3 1 2 1 1 2 2
Sodium perchlorate 1 1
Sodium peroxide 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 1 2 4
Sodium persulfate 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium phosphate (Di-basic) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 4
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Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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) 1 = Excellent
2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Sodium phosphate (Mono-basic) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 4
Sodium phosphate (Tri-basic) 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 3
Sodium pyrophosphate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2
Sodium salts 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium silicate 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Sodium sulfate 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 1 3 1 1 1 1
Sodium sulfide 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 3 2 2 4 1 2 2 2
Sodium sulfite 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1
Sodium tartrate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2
Sodium tetraborate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sodium thiosulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Sour crude oil 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 4
Sour natural gas 1 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4
Soybean oil 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 4 1 3 1 1 3 1
Stannic chloride 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 4 2
Stannic chloride, 50% 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 4 2
Stannous chloride, 15% 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 2
Starch 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Stauffer 7700 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 2 4 1 2 2 4 4
Steam (to 150C) 1 1 4 3 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 2 1 4 4 3
Steam (to 175C) 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 4 4
Steam (to 200C) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4
Steam (to 260C) 2 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
Stearic acid 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 4 2 2 3 3
Stoddard solvent 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 4
Styrene (Vinylbenzene) Monomer 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4
Succinic acid 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 1
Sucrose solution 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 2 1
Sulfamic acid 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2
Sulfur 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 1
Sulfur chloride 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3
Sulfur dioxide (dry) 1 2 2 4 1 1 3 2 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 2 4 2
Sulfur dioxide (wet) 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 2
Sulfur hexafluoride 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 2
Sulfur trioxide (dry) 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 2 4 3
Sulfur, molten 1 1 4 3 1 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 1 3 4 3
Sulfuric acid (3 molar) 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 4 2 3 3 1 4 3 3 3 4
Sulfuric acid (concentrated) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4
Sulfuric acid, fuming 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4
Sulfurous acid 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 3 1 4
Sulfuryl chloride 1 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 1
Tannic acid 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 4 3 1 1 4 1 1 2 2
Tar, bituminous 1 1 4 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 3 1 3 2 1 4 2
Tartaric acid 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 1 1 1 1
Terpineol (Terpilenol) 1 4 4 1 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 1 4 3 1 4 4
44
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Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Tertiary butyl alcohol 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 1 3 2 2 2 2
Tertiary butyl catechol 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 2 3
Tertiary butyl mercaptan 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4
Tetrabromoethane 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Tetrabromomethane 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2
Tetrachlorodifluoroethane 1 3 2 1 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4
Tetrachloroethane 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Tetrachloroethylene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Tetrachloromethane 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 1 4 3 2 4 4
Tetraethyl lead 1 3 3 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
Tetraethylene glycol (TEG) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Tetrafluoromethane 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 4
Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 1 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Tetralin (Tetrahydronaphthalene) 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Thioglycolic acid 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2
Thionyl chloride 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4
Thiophene (Thiofuran) 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 3 4
Titanium sulfate 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 3 1 2
Titanium tetrachloride 2 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
Toluene (Toluol) 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 2 4 4
Toluene di-isocyanide (TDI) 1 4 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Toluidine 1 4 1 4 4 3 2 2 4
Transformer oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 2
Transmission fluid, type A 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 2
Triacetin 1 4 3 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 1
Trialkyl phosphate 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Triaryl phosphate 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3
Tributoxyl ethyl phosphate 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 1 4 4 2 4
Tributyl mercaptan 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3 4 4
Tributyl phosphate (TBP) 1 2 4 4 1 1 2 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 3
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 1* 3 4 4 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 3 3 4 2 3 4 3
Trichlorobenzene 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 2 4
Trichloroethane 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Trichloroethylene 1 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Trichlorofluoromethane 1 4 4 3 1 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 4
Trichloropropane 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 2 4
Trichlorotrifluoroethane 1 4 2 1 1 3 1 4 1 4 2 3 2 3 4 1 4
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP) 1 1 4 4 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 3
Tridecyl alcohol (Tridecanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Triethanol amine (TEA) 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
Triethyl aluminium (ATE) 1 4 3 1 3 3 4 4 4 2 4 4
Triethyl amine 1 3 3 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 2 4 3 3 3 4
Triethyl borane 1 4 4 1 3 3 4 4 4 1 4 4
Triethyl phosphate (TEP) 1 1 4 3 4 2 2
45
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Chemical or Media Dynamic And Static Applications Static Only
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2 = Good
3 = Doubtful
4 = Do not use
* = Special formulation
Triethylene glycol (TEG) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) 1* 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 3 1 1
Trifluoroethane 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 4
Trimethylpentane (Iso-octane) 1 2 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
Trinitrotoluene (TNT) 1 2 4 2 1 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 2 3
Trioctyl phosphate 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 3
Triolene (Olein) 1 4 4 1 4 2 3 2 4 4 2 3 4
Triphenyl phosphite 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 4 4 3 4
Tritolyl phosphate (Lindol) 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3
Tung oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 3 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 3 4
Turbine oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 4 1 1 1 2 4 4
Turpentine 1 2 4 4 1 4 1 4 1 2 4 4 1 3 1 2 4 4
Type I fuel (Mil-S-3136) 1 3 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 4
Type II fuel (Mil-S-3136) 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 4 4
Type III fuel (Mil-S-3136) 1 4 4 4 1 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 1 3 1 1 4 4
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 4
Urea (Carbamide) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1
Uric acid 1 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 2
Valeric acid 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1
Varnish 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 3 4 1 4 2 2 4 4
Vegetable oils & fats 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 2 2
Vinegar 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 2 1 1
Vinyl acetate 1 4 4 2 1 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4
Vinyl chloride (Chloroethylene) 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4
Vinyl cyanide (Acrylonitrile) 1 2 3 3 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4
Vinylbenzene (Styrene) 1 2 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4
Water, cold 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
Water, hot 1 1 1 1 2 2 4 4 3 1 4 1 1 1
Water, potable 1 1 1 1 1
Whiskey & wines 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1
White oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 4
White pine oil 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 2 1 4 4
Wood alcohol (Methanol) 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
Wood oil 1 1 4 2 1 4 3 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 3 4
Xenon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Xylene (Xylol) 1 3 4 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 4 4
Xylidine (Xylidin) 1 1 4 4 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4
Zeolites 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc acetate 1 3 3 2 1 1 3 1 3 4 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4
Zinc ammonium chloride 1 1 1 1
Zinc carbonate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
Zinc cyanide 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
Zinc hydrosulfite 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc nitrate 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc phosphate solution 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc salts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Zinc sulfate 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 1
46
Tensile Properties
Simple testing of elastomer samples in tension
is commonly used to define the strength of the
materials. The most common representation is
in the form of an engineering stress-strain
curve; engineering stress-strain uses the
original dimensions for calculations, as
opposed to the actual dimensions during
testing (the cross-section may not necessarily
remain constant during testing). A typical
engineering stress-strain curve from a tensile
test is shown opposite.
= Engineering stress.
= Engineering strain or elongation reported
as a percentage of the original gauge length.
Elastomer terminology
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This section explains the key terms used to define the properties of elastomers.
Tensile Stress (S or )
The stress applied to extend the test piece, calculated as
force per unit area of the original cross-section of the test
length. Results are normally reported in MPa.
Elongation (E or )
The extension expressed
as a percentage of the
original test length,
produced on the test
piece by a tensile stress,
this is known as percent
strain.
Tensile Strength (TS)
The maximum tensile
stress recorded in
extending the test piece to
breaking point. Also
described as ultimate
tensile stress.
Tensile Strength at break (TS
b
)
The tensile stress recorded at the moment of
rupture/sample failure.
Note: the values of TS and TSb may be different if after yield,
the elongation continues and is accompanied by a drop in
stress, resulting in TSb being lower than TS.
Elongation at break (E
b
)
The elongation (expressed as a percentage of the original
length) at breaking point.
Elongation at a given stress (ES)
The tensile strain in the test length when the test piece is
subjected to a given tensile stress.
Modulus or Stress at a given elongation (SE)
The tensile stress in the test length at a given elongation. This
definition is widely referred to with the term modulus, and
care should be taken to avoid confusion with other uses of the
term modulus, such as Youngs Modulus, which denotes the
slope of a linear stress-strain curve. Neither Youngs Modulus
or Secant modulus are applicable to non-linear materials and
are therefore not used when referring to elastomers.
Strain Energy Density (W)
Defined as the work done for a given strain, i.e. the area
under the stress-strain curve after a specified elongation.
S
Typical tensile stress-strain curves for elastomers
S = Stress
E = Elongation expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (Strain)
Tensile test piece
Elastomer terminology
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Tear strength
The median force required
to propagate a cut in a
specified trouser-shaped
test piece by tearing,
divided by the thickness of
the test piece.
This term indicates the resistance to propagation of small pre-
cut in an elastomer. The most common test uses the Trouser
Tear method (ASTM D624, Die T), with the test sample
having the shape described in the title.
Friction, Wear and Abrasion
The resistance to wear of a rubber when its surface is
subjected to mechanical action. It is usually expressed as an
abrasion resistance index referred to a standard rubber and is
applicable to all methods.
Friction
Friction can be defined as the resistance to sliding of one
material over another. Testing of friction with relation to
elastomers is mainly associated with the tyre industry, and can
be split into two separate categories: static and dynamic.
Testing usually is performed using a sled of material loaded
with additional weights to produce a normal force. This sled is
then slid over a surface of a known surface-finish. The
resultant resistant force can be related back to the coefficient
of friction () using the formula F = R, where F is the resistant
force and R is the normal force. There are numerous
drawbacks to this method, as elastomers do not fully comply
with this equation, but data can be comparable.
Abrasion resistance index
The expression of abrasion resistance, being the ratio of the
volume loss of a standard rubber to the volume loss of a
rubber under test, determined under the same specified
conditions, expressed as a percentage.
The test involves the removal of rubber using an abrasive cloth
on a rotating cylinder. The volume loss of the test rubber is
calculated from the same test conditions to remove 200mg of
the appropriate standard rubber.
Hardness
The resistance of a material surface to
penetration by an indentor of specified
dimensions under specified load. The
hardness property is quoted against
two common systems (which do not
necessarily correlate):
IRHD International Rubber
Hardness Degrees
Based on measuring the penetration of a specified rigid ball in a
test specimen under a specified dead load. A scaled down
version of this dead load instrument is available for conducting
measurements on small cross sections and thicknesses IRHD `M`.
For curved surfaces the Apparent
Hardness is often quoted, as IRHD and
Shore A values tend to be more
variable when measured across small
curved surfaces, as is the
case with O-rings.
Shore hardness degrees the testing
equipment used to measure hardness
are often referred to as durometers
(type A or D), both utilise a calibrated
spring to act on a specified indentor to
penetrate the test specimen.
The hardness scales are quoted in
degrees from 0 (infinitely soft) to 100
(bone hard).
Elastomer terminology
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Compressive Properties
Compression set
A measure of a materials elasticity after prolonged action of
compression, either under ambient conditions, or whilst being
exposured to elevated temperatures.
Compression set is often
used as a measure of the
state of cure or strength of
crosslinking; it is quoted
extensively for sealing
applications as an attempt
to relate material
characteristics to leakage
prevention, where recovery
of the seals shape is
required after distortion.
Physical and chemical
changes that can occur to
an elastomer at elevated
temperatures, may prevent
the elastomer from fully
recovering its original shape
on removal of the applied
compressive strain the
result is known as a set,
and is quantified as a
percentage loss in shape
compared to the original
dimensions.
ASTM D395 defines two different test methods (A and B).
Method A is not often stated, but relates to a constant load.
Method B is the most common method where a sample of
specific dimensions is compressed to a fixed deflection, after
exposure to elevated temperatures, the sample is removed from
the fixture and allowed to rest under ambient conditions before
the final dimensions are measured. Another less commonly
used variant of this test is found within ISO 815, where the
samples can be allowed to cool while still under compression.
Compressive stress relaxation
Elastomers are viscoelastic materials which essentially behave
both as an elastic solid and as a viscous liquid. Constant
deformation of an elastomer can lead to internal structural
changes, which in turn can alter the stress-strain
characteristics of the material under load.
When compressed, energy is both stored and dissipated by
the material i.e. both both elastic and viscous effects occur.
Therefore, as an elastomer is compressed, it will generate a
reaction force (or sealing force). However, over time, the
stored energy will decrease, reducing the initial sealing force.
This decrease in sealing force is known as Compressive
Stress Relaxation (CSR). CSR is sometimes referred to as the
retained sealing force in the seals and gaskets sector.
The phenomenon can be accelerated by exposure to
chemicals and/or elevated temperatures which attack the
polymer backbone or cross-linking system.
CSR is measured by compressing a standard test piece to a
constant strain and measuring the force exerted by the test
piece at specific intervals under specified conditions. The
decaying force is expressed as a percentage of the initial
counterforce.
Compressive Modulus
Compressive modulus is an important physical property of
elastomers and determines the amount of stress a material will
exhibit for a given amount of compressive strain.
The testing is sometimes referred to as load deflection testing.
The results of the test are highly dependent upon sample
dimensions, due to the shape-factor effect when testing
elastomers. The shape-factor is a ratio of the area of the test
sample, compared to the area of the sample that is free-to-
bulge; it is noted that a sample with a high surface area, but a
low area free-to-bulge will show rapid increases in modulus.
Permeation
The permeation of gases or vapours through the elastomer.
This is an important property if the elastomer is being used to
prevent leakage of gases/vapours from chambers, etc. The
permeation rate is governed by the type of elastomer used
and the composition of the final compound (filler type,
plasticisers, etc). The degree of permeation generally reduces
from silicone elastomers (the highest), followed by NR, EPDM,
SBR, CR, NBR, FKM and FFKM, ECO and IIR.
Explosive Decompression
Permeation of a gas into an elastomer under high pressure
may not result in any long term effect provided the pressure is
released gradually, allowing the gas to permeate out of the
elastomer. However, if the pressure is released rapidly, the
pressurised gas can expand suddenly, rupturing the elastomer
in a catastrophic manner. Specific elastomer compounds are
required to eliminate this effect, with the formulated materials
tending to be very hard. See page 8 for information on
Explosive Decompression testing.
Two sections of the same
O-ring. The section on the
left displays compression
set after being compressed
at high temperature for a
period of time.
Elastomer terminology
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Chemical properties
All types of elastomers
are susceptible to
chemical attack of
varying degrees. The
compatibility of a
rubber in a particular
environment is a function
of both the polymer
structure, and the way in
which it has been formulated.
Chemical incompatibility can have various effects on the
rubber compound, depending on the exact form of chemical
attack, with the effects being exaggerated or accelerated at
elevated temperatures. The physical effects can be seen as:
- Embrittlement and hardening
- Softening and becoming tacky
- Swelling
- Volume loss
The most common effect is swelling either due to a solubility
effect, or chemical attack, resulting in a change in the
elastomers polarity. Though the volume increase may be
reversible, the effects on the polymer may not be.
Embrittlement and hardening are indicative of additional
cross-linking, and softening is indicative of degradation of the
polymer/crosslink network. Volume loss is most usually linked
to extraction of plasticisers and process aids, resulting in a
material that is less flexible.
Heat resistance and accelerated ageing
The controlled deterioration by air at elevated temperatures
and atmospheric pressure after which physical
properties are measured and compared with un-aged test
pieces. Typical properties measured are changes
in hardness, elongation at break, ultimate tensile stress,
and stress at various strains.
Heat resistance and accelerated ageing is also linked to
outgassing, where an elastomer, on initial exposure to
elevated temperatures, may lose some process oils or low-
molecular weight fragments of the polymer. In some
applications, this loss of polymeric species may interfere with
critical components or processes. Typically, this weight loss
can be measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),
often coupled to further equipment if the specific constituents
of the weight loss need to be identified.
Weathering, Ozone and UV resistance
Exposure of elastomers to weathering can result in deterioration
of the product due mainly to the effects of sunlight, in particular
the UV (ultra-violet) component of the light spectrum. UV light
has the effect of scission of the main polymer chain, leading to
rapid degradation of the elastomer. This degradation manifests
itself in the form of surface cracks often referred to as crazing
and can allow ingress of water to leach out soluble components
as well as leading to failure of the seal. This form of attack is
most notable in materials that have unsaturation (carbon-carbon
double-bonds) in the backbone of the polymer, and is
accelerated by stressing the material (stress-induced chemical
attack). To combat this, chemical UV stabilisers can be
introduced into the formulation and carbon black is generally
recognised as one of the most effective UV protection systems
for use with elastomers.
Similarly, Ozone (a powerful oxidising agent) can degrade
elastomeric components in a similar manner to UV. Use of
anti-ozonants and the careful choice of elastomers (saturated
polymers) can significantly reduce/eliminate this problem.
Low temperature resistance
The low temperature resistance of any elastomer is dependent
upon the materials glass transition temperature (Tg). This
is the temperature at which the elastomer changes from a
rubber-like material to a brittle material. As an elastomer
approaches its glass transition temperature, it would generally
be expected that the tensile strength, hardness, modulus and
compression set would all increase. The Tg for any given
elastomer is mainly a function of the polymer structure, but
can be altered slightly by the use of oils.
Numerous methods exist for determining the cold temperature
performance of an elastomer. Differential Scanning Calorimetry
(DSC) is the most common method of evaluating the glass
transition region itself. This method uses accurate
measurements of enthalpy changes of materials over a given
temperature range. Analysis of this data allows precise
measurements of the glass transition.
Other tests focus on more physical parameters. For example
the temperature retraction (TR) test involves immersing a
stretched, standard test piece in a bath at -70C until it
becomes rigid, then, allowing the sample to retract freely and
raising the temperature at 1C/min. The temperature at which
the test piece has retracted 10% of the original stretch is
referred to as TR10. A value appended to TR10 defines the
initial stretch, eg. TR10/50 test will stretch the sample by 50%.
An alternative method of describing the low temperature
stiffness of an elastomer is to adopt the Gehman test (ISO
1432 : 1998). This test method measures the torsional
modulus of a standard test piece at a range of temperatures.
The relative modulus values at the measured temperatures are
determined (relative modulus at a given temperature is the
ratio of the torsional modulus at that temperature to the
torsional modulus at 23C). The temperature at which the
relative modulus is 10 is reported as T
10
or 5 as T
5
, etc.
See Thermal Analysis' on page 8 for details of DSC and TR
testing services.
The O-ring on the right
has swollen due to
chemical incompatibility.
Elastomer terminology
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Peroxide or sulphur cure
Several cross-linking (curing) mechanisms can be employed
for the different elastomer types, common amongst these are
sulphur-cured systems and peroxide-cured systems. In
general sulphur-cured systems offer better original mechanical
properties but worst heat ageing properties and peroxide
systems vice-versa.
Coefficient of thermal expansion
All materials (except for a very small number of exceptions)
expand with increasing temperature. The degree to which any
material expands is characteristic of that material. The value is
expressed in terms of the amount of linear or volumetric
expansion that occurs with every unit of length or volume for
every degree of temperature increase.
Volume change
The degree to which a material expands or contracts during
exposure to operating environments is an important factor to
consider in any sealing application. Operating fluids can be
absorbed into a material causing it to swell. Operating fluids
can also wash out ingredients within the material causing it
to decrease in volume, sometimes both can happen; an
initial swelling followed by shrinkage. Some high temperature
and chemical environments can cause the cross-link
structure to tighten causing a decrease in volume.
Measurements of volume before and after exposure are
expressed as a percent change.
Out-gasing
The release of gas from a material, or low molecular portions of
the material. These gases, together with gases upon the surface
of the solid, can be released into a vacuum environment to form
a perceived leak. At ambient conditions the predominant out-
gased substances are water vapour and hydrocarbons. The
rate of out-gasing increases at higher temperatures, which
increases permeation rate and can initiate chemical reactions
within the elastomer that release other gases. Out-gased
substances can condense onto surfaces or react with process
chemicals which may inhibit performance.
Tolerances
The amount of variation permitted on dimensions or surfaces
during the manufacturing process. The tolerance is equal to
the difference between the maximum and minimum limits of
any specified dimension. As metals are hard and interference
may prevent assembly, they are usually toleranced as a fit.
Bores are defined as a dimension plus an allowable variation,
and shafts are defined as a dimension minus an allowable
variation. As elastomer parts, such as O-rings, are flexible and
are typically designed to operate in interference (compression
or tension), they are typically given a tolerance for diameter
and cross section.
O-ring tolerances for each standard size can be found in the
O-ring size tables in section 12, page 57 of this publication.
We recommend the use of ISO3302-1 Class M2, X2 in the
design of custom elastomer components see page 56.
Hardware design guidelines for O-rings
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To achieve installation, each of these seal types requires different levels of stretch. To achieve a good seal, the O-ring must be
installed into suitable hardware to create a sealing system. Various international standards govern the specifications of such
sealing systems:
SAE AS568 O-ring sizes
SAE AS4716 groove sizing for piston and rod seals
British Standard BS1806 O-ring and groove sizing for imperial (British) nominal sizes
British Standard BS4518 O-ring and groove sizing for metric nominal sizes
An O-ring, or toroidal seal, is the most
common type of seal used in the world
today. Used to form a physical barrier to
prevent the mixing of gases or liquid fluids,
the simple toroidal shape of an O-ring has
proven to offer high sealing efficiency
across a wide range of applications.
The sealing mechanism of an O-ring is a two stage process;
compression and force. The initial compression (squeeze)
upon the O-ring forms a physical barrier between the two
fluids, forming the initial seal. It is therefore important to
accurately control the amount of compression that the O-ring
is subjected to. The elastomer acts like an incompressible
viscous fluid with a very high surface tension. When acted
upon by a differential pressure then the O-ring translates this
into force acting upon and normal to the mating surface.
It is this force that forms the high pressure capability of the
O-ring. It is important that the pressure can energise the
O-ring to form this secondary sealing mechanism and hence
free-space must be left in the groove, taking into account
tolerance stack-ups and differential thermal expansion.
Four typical groove geometries (as shown in diagram below)
are as follows:-
Piston seal
Rod seal
Face seal
Trapped seal
Rod Seal Piston Seal Face Seal
Trapped Seal
Hardware design guidelines for O-rings
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For the standard O-ring sizes listed in this brochure
we recommend their use in grooves as defined in
the above AS and BS standards, up to the
maximum operating temperature of the material.
These standards are available from the relevant
governing bodies; or by using the Hardware
Design Tool found in the Technical section of
our website; www.prepol.com. This online tool
quickly identifies the best fit standard sized O-ring
and provides groove dimensions for the most
common AS and BS size seals used in plant
equipment, specifically, rod seals, piston seals,
face seals and trapped seals. It also provides a
detailed technical drawing of the groove showing
all dimensional measurements which can be
printed off and included in other reports and
drawings. For semiconductor applications, please
refer to our semiconductor brochure for static
groove sizing, as materials developed for this
specific industry present different characteristics.
O-rings will operate successfully at high pressures, as
shown below, above these pressures the shear
stresses will overcome the capability of the material
and cause pressure extrusion. In applications
operating at high pressure, the use of back-up rings is
common practice to prevent extrusion of the O-ring.
Combinations of pressure
and clearance that lie to
the right of the pertinent
line will result in
extrusion of the seal.
For non-standard sizes,
high pressure applications
or advice on custom high
performance sealing
systems please contact
PPEs technical
department.
Approximate extrusion pressure for a given diametral clearance
O ring tolerances to ISO3601-1 General Purpose
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To use: Descend I/Dia column to required size. Read-off the tolerance to the right of the size.
If required size is not listed, go to the first size greater size and read-off the tolerance to the right.
Example: O-Ring to be measured is 3.75.
Descend I/Dia column to 4.00 (first size greater than 3.75) and read of tolerance to right, i.e. +/-0.14.
Notes: For sizes above 670.00, add/subtract 0.64% of the nominal diameter.
Cross section tolerances for ISO3601-1 are detailed at the bottom of the following page.
I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / -
2.80 0.13 53.00 0.50 145.00 1.13 268.00 1.92 433.00 2.99
4.00 0.14 54.50 0.51 147.50 1.14 272.00 1.96 437.00 3.01
5.30 0.15 56.00 0.52 150.00 1.16 276.00 1.98 443.00 3.05
7.10 0.16 58.00 0.54 152.50 1.18 280.00 2.01 450.00 3.09
8.50 0.17 60.00 0.55 155.00 1.19 283.00 2.03 456.00 3.13
9.75 0.18 61.50 0.56 157.50 1.21 286.00 2.05 462.00 3.17
10.60 0.19 63.00 0.57 160.00 1.23 290.00 2.08 466.00 3.19
11.80 0.20 65.00 0.58 162.50 1.24 295.00 2.11 470.00 3.22
13.20 0.21 67.00 0.60 165.00 1.26 300.00 2.14 475.00 3.25
15.00 0.22 69.00 0.61 167.50 1.28 303.00 2.16 479.00 3.28
16.00 0.23 71.00 0.63 170.00 1.29 307.00 2.19 483.00 3.30
17.00 0.24 73.00 0.64 172.50 1.31 311.00 2.21 487.00 3.33
19.00 0.25 75.00 0.65 175.00 1.33 315.00 2.24 493.00 3.36
20.60 0.26 77.50 0.67 177.50 1.34 320.00 2.27 500.00 3.41
21.20 0.27 80.00 0.69 180.00 1.36 325.00 2.30 508.00 3.46
22.40 0.28 82.50 0.71 182.50 1.38 330.00 2.33 515.00 3.50
23.60 0.29 85.00 0.72 185.00 1.39 335.00 2.36 523.00 3.55
25.00 0.30 87.50 0.74 87.50 1.41 340.00 2.40 530.00 3.60
26.50 0.31 90.00 0.76 190.00 1.43 345.00 2.43 538.00 3.65
28.00 0.32 92.50 0.77 195.00 1.46 350.00 2.46 545.00 3.69
29.00 0.33 95.00 0.79 200.00 1.49 355.00 2.49 553.00 3.74
30.00 0.34 97.50 0.81 203.00 1.51 360.00 2.52 560.00 3.78
31.50 0.35 100.00 0.82 206.00 1.53 365.00 2.56 570.00 3.85
33.50 0.36 103.00 0.85 212.00 1.57 370.00 2.59 580.00 3.91
34.50 0.37 106.00 0.87 218.00 1.61 375.00 2.62 590.00 3.97
37.50 0.39 109.00 0.89 224.00 1.65 379.00 2.64 600.00 4.03
38.70 0.40 112.00 0.91 227.00 1.67 383.00 2.67 608.00 4.08
40.00 0.41 115.00 0.93 230.00 1.69 387.00 2.70 615.00 4.12
41.20 0.42 118.00 0.95 236.00 1.73 391.00 2.72 623.00 4.17
42.50 0.43 122.00 0.97 239.00 1.75 395.00 2.75 630.00 4.22
45.00 0.44 125.00 0.99 243.00 1.77 400.00 2.78 640.00 4.28
46.20 0.45 128.00 1.01 250.00 1.82 406.00 2.82 650.00 4.34
47.50 0.46 132.00 1.04 254.00 1.84 412.00 2.85 660.00 4.40
48.70 0.47 136.00 1.07 258.00 1.87 418.00 2.89 670.00 4.47
50.00 0.48 140.00 1.09 261.00 1.89 425.00 2.93
51.50 0.49 142.50 1.11 265.00 1.91 429.00 2.96
O ring tolerances to ISO3601-1 Aerospace Standard
Cross section tolerance table
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I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / - I/Dia. Tol + / -
2.00 0.10 34.50 0.30 73.00 0.52 128.00 0.83 230.00 1.39
3.75 0.11 36.50 0.31 75.00 0.53 132.00 0.85 236.00 1.42
5.30 0.12 38.70 0.32 77.50 0.55 136.00 0.87 243.00 1.46
6.90 0.13 40.00 0.33 80.00 0.56 140.00 0.89 250.00 1.49
8.50 0.14 41.20 0.34 82.50 0.57 145.00 0.92 258.00 1.54
10.00 0.15 43.70 0.35 85.00 0.59 150.00 0.95 265.00 1.57
11.80 0.16 45.00 0.36 87.50 0.60 155.00 0.98 272.00 1.61
13.20 0.17 47.50 0.37 90.00 0.62 160.00 1.00 280.00 1.65
15.00 0.18 48.70 0.38 92.50 0.63 165.00 1.03 290.00 1.71
16.00 0.19 50.00 0.39 95.00 0.64 170.00 1.06 300.00 1.76
18.00 0.20 51.50 0.40 97.50 0.66 175.00 1.09 307.00 1.80
20.00 0.21 53.00 0.41 100.00 0.67 180.00 1.11 315.00 1.84
21.20 0.22 56.00 0.42 103.00 0.69 185.00 1.14 325.00 1.90
22.40 0.23 58.00 0.44 106.00 0.71 190.00 1.17 335.00 1.95
25.00 0.24 60.00 0.45 109.00 0.72 195.00 1.20 345.00 2.00
26.50 0.25 63.00 0.46 112.00 0.74 200.00 1.22 355.00 2.05
28.00 0.26 65.00 0.48 115.00 0.76 206.00 1.26 365.00 2.11
30.00 0.27 67.00 0.49 118.00 0.77 212.00 1.29 375.00 2.16
31.50 0.28 69.00 0.50 122.00 0.80 218.00 1.32 387.00 2.22
33.50 0.29 71.00 0.51 125.00 0.81 224.00 1.35 400.00 2.29
C/S above Tol + / - C/S above Tol + / - C/S above Tol + / - C/S above Tol + / - C/S above Tol + / -
0.00 0.08 8.75 0.18 13.50 0.25 18.50 0.32 23.50 0.39
2.62 0.09 9.25 0.19 14.25 0.26 19.25 0.33 24.25 0.40
3.00 0.10 10.00 0.20 15.00 0.27 20.00 0.34 25.00 0.41
3.55 0.12 10.75 0.21 15.75 0.28 20.75 0.35 25.75 0.42
5.00 0.13 11.25 0.22 16.50 0.29 21.50 0.36 26.25 0.43
5.70 0.14 12.00 0.23 17.25 0.30 22.25 0.37 27.00 0.44
8.40 0.15 12.75 0.24 17.75 0.31 23.00 0.38 30.00 0.45
To use: Descend I/Dia column to required size. Read-off the tolerance to the right of the size.
If required size is not listed, go to the first size greater size and read-off the tolerance to the right.
Example: O-Ring to be measured is 17.00.
Descend I/Dia column to 18.00 (first size greater than 17.00) and read of tolerance to right, i.e. +/-0.20.
Notes: For sizes above 400.00, tolerance as per BS1806 (see pages 57-62).
Cross section tolerances for ISO3601-1 are detailed below:
Classes
The standard details four classes of mouldings and four classes for flash, adopted by PPE as follows:-
Class M2, X2 = High quality mouldings with accurate flash.
Dimensions
The standard details two types of dimension, as follows:-
F = Fixed dimensions
The dimensions are not affected by deforming influences such as flash thickness or lateral displacement of different mould parts
(upper and lower parts or cores).
C = Closure dimensions
These dimensions can be affected by variation in flash thickness or lateral displacement of different mould parts and therefore require
greater tolerances that those of fixed dimensions.
# = Dimension #
Example of a height dimension that is not affected by flash thickness, therefore this is considered to be a fixed dimension.
Moulding tolerances according to ISO3302-1 (=BS3734-1)
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Dimension # greater than Class M2,X2
F + / - C + / -
0.00 0.10 0.15
4.00 0.15 0.20
6.30 0.20 0.20
10.00 0.20 0.25
16.00 0.25 0.35
25.00 0.35 0.40
40.00 0.40 0.50
63.00 0.50 0.70
100.00 0.70 0.80
160.00 0.5% 0.7%
Flash (Height) max. 0.50mm
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1.15 0.13 R000
0.74 0.10 BS1806-001, AS568-001
1.07 0.10 BS1806-002, AS568-002
4.70 0.13 AS568-901, BSM48-901
1.42 0.10 BS1806-003, AS568-003
2.20 0.13 R00
3.10 0.15 BS4518 0031-16
4.10 0.15 BS4518 0041-16
5.10 0.15 BS4518 0051-16
6.10 0.15 BS4518 0061-16
7.10 0.15 BS4518 0071-16
8.10 0.15 BS4518 0081-16
9.10 0.15 BS4518 0091-16
10.10 0.20 BS4518 0101-16
11.10 0.20 BS4518 0111-16
12.10 0.20 BS4518 0121-16
13.10 0.20 BS4518 0131-16
14.10 0.20 BS4518 0141-16
15.10 0.20 BS4518 0151-16
16.10 0.20 BS4518 0161-16
17.10 0.20 BS4518 0171-16
18.10 0.25 BS4518 0181-16
19.10 0.25 BS4518 0191-16
22.10 0.25 BS4518 0221-16
25.10 0.25 BS4518 0251-16
27.10 0.25 BS4518 0271-16
29.10 0.25 BS4518 0291-16
32.10 0.30 BS4518 0321-16
35.10 0.30 BS4518 0351-16
37.10 0.30 BS4518 0371-16
6.07 0.13 AS568-902, BSM48-902
7.65 0.13 AS568-903, BSM48-903
1.78 0.13 BS1806-004, AS568-004
2.57 0.13 BS1806-005, AS568-005
2.90 0.13 BS1806-006, AS568-006
3.69 0.13 BS1806-007, AS568-007
4.47 0.13 BS1806-008, AS568-008
5.28 0.13 BS1806-009, AS568-009
6.07 0.13 BS1806-010, AS568-010
7.66 0.13 BS1806-011, AS568-011
9.25 0.13 BS1806-012, AS568-012
10.82 0.13 BS1806-013, AS568-013
12.42 0.13 BS1806-014, AS568-014
14.00 0.18 BS1806-015, AS568-015
15.60 0.23 BS1806-016, AS568-016
17.16 0.23 BS1806-017, AS568-017
18.77 0.23 BS1806-018, AS568-018
20.35 0.23 BS1806-019, AS568-019
21.95 0.23 BS1806-020, AS568-020
23.52 0.23 BS1806-021, AS568-021
25.12 0.25 BS1806-022, AS568-022
26.70 0.25 BS1806-023, AS568-023
28.30 0.25 BS1806-024, AS568-024
29.87 0.28 BS1806-025, AS568-025
31.47 0.28 BS1806-026, AS568-026
33.05 0.28 BS1806-027, AS568-027
34.65 0.33 BS1806-028, AS568-028
37.82 0.33 BS1806-029, AS568-029
41.00 0.33 BS1806-030, AS568-030
44.17 0.38 BS1806-031, AS568-031
47.37 0.38 BS1806-032, AS568-032
50.52 0.46 BS1806-033, AS568-033
53.67 0.46 BS1806-034, AS568-034
56.87 0.46 BS1806-035, AS568-035
60.04 0.46 BS1806-036, AS568-036
63.22 0.46 BS1806-037, AS568-037
66.40 0.51 BS1806-038, AS568-038
69.57 0.51 BS1806-039, AS568-039
72.76 0.51 BS1806-040, AS568-040
75.92 0.61 BS1806-041, AS568-041
82.27 0.61 BS1806-042, AS568-042
88.62 0.61 BS1806-043, AS568-043
94.97 0.69 BS1806-044, AS568-044
101.32 0.69 BS1806-045, AS568-045
107.67 0.76 BS1806-046, AS568-046
114.02 0.76 BS1806-047, AS568-047
120.37 0.76 BS1806-048, AS568-048
126.72 0.94 BS1806-049, AS568-049
133.07 0.94 BS1806-050, AS568-050
1.80 0.13 ISO3601-G
2.00 0.13 ISO3601-G
2.24 0.13 ISO3601-G
2.50 0.13 ISO3601-G
2.80 0.13 ISO3601-G
3.15 0.14 ISO3601-G
3.55 0.14 ISO3601-G
3.75 0.14 ISO3601-G
4.00 0.14 ISO3601-G
4.50 0.15 ISO3601-G
4.87 0.15 ISO3601-G
5.00 0.15 ISO3601-G
5.15 0.15 ISO3601-G
5.30 0.15 ISO3601-G
5.60 0.16 ISO3601-G
6.00 0.16 ISO3601-G
6.30 0.16 ISO3601-G
6.70 0.16 ISO3601-G
6.90 0.16 ISO3601-G
7.10 0.16 ISO3601-G
7.50 0.17 ISO3601-G
8.00 0.17 ISO3601-G
8.50 0.17 ISO3601-G
8.75 0.18 ISO3601-G
9.00 0.18 ISO3601-G
9.50 0.18 ISO3601-G
9.75 0.18 ISO3601-G
10.00 0.19 ISO3601-G
10.60 0.19 ISO3601-G
11.20 0.20 ISO3601-G
11.60 0.20 ISO3601-G
11.80 0.19 ISO3601-G
12.10 0.21 ISO3601-G
12.50 0.21 ISO3601-G
12.80 0.21 ISO3601-G
13.20 0.21 ISO3601-G
14.00 0.22 ISO3601-G
14.50 0.22 ISO3601-G
15.00 0.22 ISO3601-G
15.50 0.23 ISO3601-G
16.00 0.23 ISO3601-G
17.00 0.24 ISO3601-G
18.00 0.25 ISO3601-G
19.00 0.25 ISO3601-G
20.00 0.26 ISO3601-G
20.60 0.26 ISO3601-G
1.02
+/- 0.08
1.00
+/- 0.08
1.27
+/- 0.08
1.42
+/- 0.08
1.53
+/- 0.08
1.60
+/- 0.08
1.63
+/- 0.08
1.78
+/- 0.08
1.78
+/- 0.08
1.80
+/- 0.08
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SAE AS568 American Standard O-ring sizes
BS1806 British Standard O-ring sizes (imperial)
BS4518 British Standard O-ring sizes (metric)
Le Joint Franais 'R' O-ring sizes
ISO3601 International Organisation for
Standardisation O-ring sizes (General purpose)
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21.20 0.27 ISO3601-G
22.40 0.28 ISO3601-G
23.00 0.29 ISO3601-G
23.60 0.29 ISO3601-G
24.30 0.30 ISO3601-G
25.00 0.30 ISO3601-G
25.80 0.31 ISO3601-G
26.50 0.31 ISO3601-G
27.30 0.32 ISO3601-G
28.00 0.32 ISO3601-G
29.00 0.33 ISO3601-G
30.00 0.34 ISO3601-G
8.92 0.13 AS568-904, BSM48-904
10.52 0.13 AS568-905, BSM48-905
2.40 0.13 R0
2.60 0.13 R1
3.40 0.14 R2
4.20 0.15 R3
4.90 0.15 R4
5.70 0.16 R5
7.20 0.17 R6
8.90 0.18 R7
11.89 0.13 AS568-906, BSM48-906
13.46 0.18 AS568-907, BSM48-907
16.36 0.23 AS568-908, BSM48-908
3.60 0.15 BS4518 0036-24
4.60 0.15 BS4518 0046-24
5.60 0.15 BS4518 0056-24
6.60 0.15 BS4518 0066-24
7.60 0.15 BS4518 0076-24
8.60 0.15 BS4518 0086-24
9.60 0.15 BS4518 0096-24
10.60 0.20 BS4518 0106-24
11.60 0.20 BS4518 0116-24
12.60 0.20 BS4518 0126-24
13.60 0.20 BS4518 0136-24
14.60 0.20 BS4518 0146-24
15.60 0.20 BS4518 0156-24
16.60 0.20 BS4518 0166-24
17.60 0.20 BS4518 0176-24
18.60 0.25 BS4518 0186-24
19.60 0.25 BS4518 0196-24
20.60 0.25 BS4518 0206-24
21.60 0.25 BS4518 0216-24
24.60 0.25 BS4518 0246-24
27.60 0.25 BS4518 0276-24
29.60 0.25 BS4518 0296-24
31.60 0.30 BS4518 0316-24
34.60 0.30 BS4518 0346-24
35.60 0.30 BS4518 0356-24
37.60 0.30 BS4518 0376-24
39.60 0.30 BS4518 0396-24
41.60 0.30 BS4518 0416-24
44.60 0.30 BS4518 0446-24
45.60 0.30 BS4518 0456-24
47.60 0.30 BS4518 0476-24
49.60 0.30 BS4518 0496-24
51.60 0.40 BS4518 0516-24
54.60 0.40 BS4518 0546-24
55.60 0.40 BS4518 0556-24
57.60 0.40 BS4518 0576-24
58.60 0.40 BS4518 0586-24
59.60 0.40 BS4518 0596-24
61.60 0.40 BS4518 0616-24
62.60 0.40 BS4518 0626-24
64.60 0.40 BS4518 0646-24
67.60 0.40 BS4518 0676-24
69.60 0.40 BS4518 0696-24
17.93 0.23 AS568-909, BSM48-909
19.18 0.23 AS568-910, BSM48-910
1.24 0.10 BS1806-102, AS568-102
2.06 0.13 BS1806-103, AS568-103
2.84 0.13 BS1806-104, AS568-104
3.63 0.13 BS1806-105, AS568-105
4.42 0.13 BS1806-106, AS568-106
5.23 0.13 BS1806-107, AS568-107
6.02 0.13 BS1806-108, AS568-108
7.59 0.13 BS1806-109, AS568-109
9.19 0.13 BS1806-110, AS568-110
10.77 0.13 BS1806-111, AS568-111
12.37 0.13 BS1806-112, AS568-112
13.94 0.18 BS1806-113, AS568-113
15.54 0.23 BS1806-114, AS568-114
17.12 0.23 BS1806-115, AS568-115
18.72 0.23 BS1806-116, AS568-116
20.29 0.25 BS1806-117, AS568-117
21.89 0.25 BS1806-118, AS568-118
23.47 0.25 BS1806-119, AS568-119
25.07 0.25 BS1806-120, AS568-120
26.64 0.25 BS1806-121, AS568-121
28.24 0.25 BS1806-122, AS568-122
29.82 0.30 BS1806-123, AS568-123
31.42 0.30 BS1806-124, AS568-124
32.99 0.30 BS1806-125, AS568-125
34.59 0.30 BS1806-126, AS568-126
36.17 0.30 BS1806-127, AS568-127
37.77 0.30 BS1806-128, AS568-128
39.34 0.38 BS1806-129, AS568-129
40.94 0.38 BS1806-130, AS568-130
42.52 0.38 BS1806-131, AS568-131
44.12 0.38 BS1806-132, AS568-132
45.69 0.38 BS1806-133, AS568-133
47.29 0.43 BS1806-134, AS568-134
48.90 0.43 BS1806-135, AS568-135
50.47 0.43 BS1806-136, AS568-136
52.07 0.43 BS1806-137, AS568-137
53.64 0.43 BS1806-138, AS568-138
55.25 0.43 BS1806-139, AS568-139
56.82 0.43 BS1806-140, AS568-140
58.42 0.51 BS1806-141, AS568-141
59.99 0.51 BS1806-142, AS568-142
61.60 0.51 BS1806-143, AS568-143
63.17 0.51 BS1806-144, AS568-144
64.77 0.51 BS1806-145, AS568-145
66.34 0.51 BS1806-146, AS568-146
67.95 0.56 BS1806-147, AS568-147
69.52 0.56 BS1806-148, AS568-148
71.12 0.56 BS1806-149, AS568-149
72.69 0.56 BS1806-150, AS568-150
75.87 0.61 BS1806-151, AS568-151
82.22 0.61 BS1806-152, AS568-152
88.57 0.61 BS1806-153, AS568-153
94.92 0.71 BS1806-154, AS568-154
101.27 0.71 BS1806-155, AS568-155
107.62 0.76 BS1806-156, AS568-156
113.97 0.76 BS1806-157, AS568-157
120.32 0.76 BS1806-158, AS568-158
1.80
+/- 0.08
1.83
+/- 0.08
1.90
+/- 0.08
1.98
+/- 0.08
2.08
+/- 0.08
2.21
+/- 0.08
2.40
+/- 0.08
2.40
+/- 0.08
2.46
+/- 0.08
2.62
+/- 0.08
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SAE AS568 American Standard O-ring sizes
BS1806 British Standard O-ring sizes (imperial)
BS4518 British Standard O-ring sizes (metric)
Le Joint Franais 'R' O-ring sizes
ISO3601 International Organisation for
Standardisation O-ring sizes (General purpose)
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126.67 0.89 BS1806-159, AS568-159
133.02 0.89 BS1806-160, AS568-160
139.37 0.89 BS1806-161, AS568-161
145.72 0.89 BS1806-162, AS568-162
152.07 0.89 BS1806-163, AS568-163
158.42 1.02 BS1806-164, AS568-164
164.77 1.02 BS1806-165, AS568-165
171.12 1.02 BS1806-166, AS568-166
177.47 1.02 BS1806-167, AS568-167
183.82 1.14 BS1806-168, AS568-168
190.17 1.14 BS1806-169, AS568-169
196.52 1.14 BS1806-170, AS568-170
202.87 1.14 BS1806-171, AS568-171
209.22 1.27 BS1806-172, AS568-172
215.57 1.27 BS1806-173, AS568-173
221.92 1.27 BS1806-174, AS568-174
228.27 1.27 BS1806-175, AS568-175
234.62 1.40 BS1806-176, AS568-176
240.97 1.40 BS1806-177, AS568-177
247.32 1.40 BS1806-178, AS568-178
14.00 0.22 ISO3601-G
14.50 0.22 ISO3601-G
15.00 0.22 ISO3601-G
15.50 0.23 ISO3601-G
16.00 0.23 ISO3601-G
17.00 0.24 ISO3601-G
18.00 0.25 ISO3601-G
19.00 0.25 ISO3601-G
20.00 0.26 ISO3601-G
20.60 0.26 ISO3601-G
21.20 0.27 ISO3601-G
22.40 0.28 ISO3601-G
23.00 0.29 ISO3601-G
23.60 0.29 ISO3601-G
24.30 0.30 ISO3601-G
25.00 0.30 ISO3601-G
25.80 0.31 ISO3601-G
26.50 0.31 ISO3601-G
27.30 0.32 ISO3601-G
28.00 0.32 ISO3601-G
29.00 0.33 ISO3601-G
30.00 0.34 ISO3601-G
31.50 0.35 ISO3601-G
32.50 0.36 ISO3601-G
33.50 0.36 ISO3601-G
34.50 0.37 ISO3601-G
35.50 0.38 ISO3601-G
36.50 0.38 ISO3601-G
37.50 0.39 ISO3601-G
38.70 0.40 ISO3601-G
40.00 0.41 ISO3601-G
41.20 0.42 ISO3601-G
42.50 0.43 ISO3601-G
43.70 0.44 ISO3601-G
45.00 0.44 ISO3601-G
46.20 0.45 ISO3601-G
47.50 0.46 ISO3601-G
48.70 0.47 ISO3601-G
50.00 0.48 ISO3601-G
51.50 0.49 ISO3601-G
53.00 0.50 ISO3601-G
54.50 0.51 ISO3601-G
56.00 0.52 ISO3601-G
58.00 0.54 ISO3601-G
60.00 0.55 ISO3601-G
61.50 0.56 ISO3601-G
63.00 0.57 ISO3601-G
65.00 0.58 ISO3601-G
67.00 0.60 ISO3601-G
69.00 0.61 ISO3601-G
71.00 0.63 ISO3601-G
73.00 0.64 ISO3601-G
75.00 0.65 ISO3601-G
77.50 0.67 ISO3601-G
80.00 0.69 ISO3601-G
82.50 0.71 ISO3601-G
85.00 0.72 ISO3601-G
87.50 0.74 ISO3601-G
90.00 0.76 ISO3601-G
92.50 0.77 ISO3601-G
95.00 0.79 ISO3601-G
97.50 0.81 ISO3601-G
100.00 0.82 ISO3601-G
103.00 0.85 ISO3601-G
106.00 0.87 ISO3601-G
8.90 0.18 R8
10.50 0.19 R9
12.10 0.21 R10
13.60 0.22 R11
15.10 0.23 R12
16.90 0.24 R13
18.40 0.25 R14
21.92 0.23 AS568-911, BSM48-911
23.47 0.23 AS568-912, BSM48-912
25.04 0.25 AS568-913, BSM48-913
26.59 0.25 AS568-914, BSM48-914
29.74 0.25 AS568-916, BSM48-916
34.42 0.30 AS568-918, BSM48-918
19.50 0.25 BS4518 0195-30
21.50 0.25 BS4518 0215-30
22.50 0.25 BS4518 0225-30
24.50 0.25 BS4518 0245-30
25.50 0.25 BS4518 0255-30
26.50 0.25 BS4518 0265-30
27.50 0.25 BS4518 0275-30
29.50 0.25 BS4518 0295-30
31.50 0.30 BS4518 0315-30
32.50 0.30 BS4518 0325-30
34.50 0.30 BS4518 0345-30
35.50 0.30 BS4518 0355-30
36.50 0.30 BS4518 0365-30
37.47 0.36 AS568-920, BSM48-920
37.50 0.30 BS4518 0375-30
39.50 0.30 BS4518 0395-30
41.50 0.30 BS4518 0415-30
42.50 0.30 BS4518 0425-30
43.69 0.36 AS568-924, BSM48-924
44.50 0.30 BS4518 0445-30
49.50 0.30 BS4518 0495-30
53.09 0.46 AS568-928, BSM48-928
54.50 0.40 BS4518 0545-30
55.50 0.40 BS4518 0555-30
57.50 0.40 BS4518 0575-30
59.36 0.46 AS568-932, BSM48-932
59.50 0.40 BS4518 0595-30
62.50 0.40 BS4518 0625-30
64.50 0.40 BS4518 0645-30
69.50 0.40 BS4518 0695-30
74.50 0.40 BS4518 0745-30
79.50 0.40 BS4518 0795-30
84.50 0.50 BS4518 0845-30
89.50 0.50 BS4518 0895-30
2.62
+/- 0.08
2.65
+/- 0.09
2.65
+/- 0.09
2.70
+/- 0.09
2.95
+/- 0.10
3.00
+/- 0.10
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SAE AS568 American Standard O-ring sizes
BS1806 British Standard O-ring sizes (imperial)
BS4518 British Standard O-ring sizes (metric)
Le Joint Franais 'R' O-ring sizes
ISO3601 International Organisation for
Standardisation O-ring sizes (General purpose)
94.50 0.50 BS4518 0945-30
99.50 0.50 BS4518 0995-30
104.50 0.50 BS4518 1045-30
109.50 0.50 BS4518 1095-30
114.50 0.50 BS4518 1145-30
119.50 0.50 BS4518 1195-30
124.50 0.60 BS4518 1245-30
129.50 0.60 BS4518 1295-30
134.50 0.60 BS4518 1345-30
139.50 0.60 BS4518 1395-30
144.50 0.60 BS4518 1445-30
149.50 0.60 BS4518 1495-30
154.50 0.60 BS4518 1545-30
159.50 0.60 BS4518 1595-30
164.50 0.60 BS4518 1645-30
169.50 0.60 BS4518 1695-30
174.50 0.60 BS4518 1745-30
179.50 0.60 BS4518 1795-30
184.50 0.80 BS4518 1845-30
189.50 0.80 BS4518 1895-30
194.50 0.80 BS4518 1945-30
199.50 0.80 BS4518 1995-30
209.50 0.80 BS4518 2095-30
219.50 0.80 BS4518 2195-30
229.50 0.80 BS4518 2295-30
239.50 0.80 BS4518 2395-30
244.50 0.80 BS4518 2445-30
249.50 0.80 BS4518 2495-30
4.34 0.13 BS1806-201, AS568-201
5.94 0.13 BS1806-202, AS568-202
7.52 0.13 BS1806-203, AS568-203
9.12 0.13 BS1806-204, AS568-204
10.69 0.13 BS1806-205, AS568-205
12.29 0.13 BS1806-206, AS568-206
13.87 0.18 BS1806-207, AS568-207
15.47 0.23 BS1806-208, AS568-208
17.04 0.23 BS1806-209, AS568-209
18.64 0.25 BS1806-210, AS568-210
20.22 0.25 BS1806-211, AS568-211
21.82 0.25 BS1806-212, AS568-212
23.39 0.25 BS1806-213, AS568-213
24.99 0.25 BS1806-214, AS568-214
26.57 0.25 BS1806-215, AS568-215
28.17 0.30 BS1806-216, AS568-216
29.74 0.30 BS1806-217, AS568-217
31.34 0.30 BS1806-218, AS568-218
32.92 0.30 BS1806-219, AS568-219
34.52 0.30 BS1806-220, AS568-220
36.09 0.30 BS1806-221, AS568-221
37.69 0.38 BS1806-222, AS568-222
40.87 0.38 BS1806-223, AS568-223
44.04 0.38 BS1806-224, AS568-224
47.22 0.46 BS1806-225, AS568-225
50.39 0.46 BS1806-226, AS568-226
53.57 0.46 BS1806-227, AS568-227
56.74 0.51 BS1806-228, AS568-228
59.92 0.51 BS1806-229, AS568-229
63.09 0.51 BS1806-230, AS568-230
66.27 0.51 BS1806-231, AS568-231
69.44 0.61 BS1806-232, AS568-232
72.62 0.61 BS1806-233, AS568-233
75.79 0.61 BS1806-234, AS568-234
78.97 0.61 BS1806-235, AS568-235
82.14 0.61 BS1806-236, AS568-236
85.32 0.61 BS1806-237, AS568-237
88.49 0.61 BS1806-238, AS568-238
91.67 0.71 BS1806-239, AS568-239
94.84 0.71 BS1806-240, AS568-240
98.02 0.71 BS1806-241, AS568-241
101.19 0.71 BS1806-242, AS568-242
104.37 0.71 BS1806-243, AS568-243
107.54 0.76 BS1806-244, AS568-244
110.72 0.76 BS1806-245, AS568-245
113.89 0.76 BS1806-246, AS568-246
117.07 0.76 BS1806-247, AS568-247
120.24 0.76 BS1806-248, AS568-248
123.42 0.89 BS1806-249, AS568-249
126.59 0.89 BS1806-250, AS568-250
129.77 0.89 BS1806-251, AS568-251
132.94 0.89 BS1806-252, AS568-252
136.12 0.89 BS1806-253, AS568-253
139.29 0.89 BS1806-254, AS568-254
142.47 0.89 BS1806-255, AS568-255
145.64 0.89 BS1806-256, AS568-256
148.82 0.89 BS1806-257, AS568-257
151.99 0.89 BS1806-258, AS568-258
158.34 1.02 BS1806-259, AS568-259
164.69 1.02 BS1806-260, AS568-260
171.04 1.02 BS1806-261, AS568-261
177.39 1.02 BS1806-262, AS568-262
183.74 1.14 BS1806-263, AS568-263
190.09 1.14 BS1806-264, AS568-264
196.44 1.14 BS1806-265, AS568-265
202.79 1.14 BS1806-266, AS568-266
209.14 1.27 BS1806-267, AS568-267
215.49 1.27 BS1806-268, AS568-268
221.84 1.27 BS1806-269, AS568-269
228.19 1.27 BS1806-270, AS568-270
234.54 1.40 BS1806-271, AS568-271
240.89 1.40 BS1806-272, AS568-272
247.24 1.40 BS1806-273, AS568-273
253.59 1.40 BS1806-274, AS568-274
266.29 1.40 BS1806-275, AS568-275
278.99 1.65 BS1806-276, AS568-276
291.69 1.65 BS1806-277, AS568-277
304.39 1.65 BS1806-278, AS568-278
329.79 1.65 BS1806-279, AS568-279
355.19 1.65 BS1806-280, AS568-280
380.57 1.65 BS1806-281, AS568-281
405.26 1.91 BS1806-282, AS568-282
430.66 2.03 BS1806-283, AS568-283
456.06 2.16 BS1806-284, AS568-284
18.00 0.25 ISO3601-G
19.00 0.25 ISO3601-G
20.00 0.26 ISO3601-G
20.60 0.26 ISO3601-G
21.20 0.27 ISO3601-G
22.40 0.28 ISO3601-G
23.00 0.29 ISO3601-G
23.60 0.29 ISO3601-G
24.30 0.30 ISO3601-G
25.00 0.30 ISO3601-G
25.80 0.31 ISO3601-G
26.50 0.31 ISO3601-G
27.30 0.32 ISO3601-G
28.00 0.32 ISO3601-G
29.00 0.33 ISO3601-G
30.00 0.34 ISO3601-G
31.50 0.35 ISO3601-G
32.50 0.36 ISO3601-G
33.50 0.36 ISO3601-G
34.50 0.37 ISO3601-G
35.50 0.38 ISO3601-G
36.50 0.38 ISO3601-G
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+/- 0.10
3.53
+/- 0.10
3.53
+/- 0.10
3.55
+/- 0.10
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SAE AS568 American Standard O-ring sizes
BS1806 British Standard O-ring sizes (imperial)
BS4518 British Standard O-ring sizes (metric)
Le Joint Franais 'R' O-ring sizes
ISO3601 International Organisation for
Standardisation O-ring sizes (General purpose)
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37.50 0.39 ISO3601-G
38.70 0.40 ISO3601-G
40.00 0.41 ISO3601-G
41.20 0.42 ISO3601-G
42.50 0.43 ISO3601-G
43.70 0.44 ISO3601-G
45.00 0.44 ISO3601-G
46.20 0.45 ISO3601-G
47.50 0.46 ISO3601-G
48.70 0.47 ISO3601-G
50.00 0.48 ISO3601-G
51.50 0.49 ISO3601-G
53.00 0.50 ISO3601-G
54.50 0.51 ISO3601-G
56.00 0.52 ISO3601-G
58.00 0.54 ISO3601-G
60.00 0.55 ISO3601-G
61.50 0.56 ISO3601-G
63.00 0.57 ISO3601-G
65.00 0.58 ISO3601-G
67.00 0.60 ISO3601-G
69.00 0.61 ISO3601-G
71.00 0.63 ISO3601-G
73.00 0.64 ISO3601-G
75.00 0.65 ISO3601-G
77.50 0.67 ISO3601-G
80.00 0.69 ISO3601-G
82.50 0.71 ISO3601-G
85.00 0.72 ISO3601-G
87.50 0.74 ISO3601-G
90.00 0.76 ISO3601-G
92.50 0.77 ISO3601-G
95.00 0.79 ISO3601-G
97.50 0.81 ISO3601-G
100.00 0.82 ISO3601-G
103.00 0.85 ISO3601-G
106.00 0.87 ISO3601-G
109.00 0.89 ISO3601-G
112.00 0.91 ISO3601-G
115.00 0.93 ISO3601-G
118.00 0.95 ISO3601-G
122.00 0.97 ISO3601-G
125.00 0.99 ISO3601-G
128.00 1.01 ISO3601-G
132.00 1.04 ISO3601-G
136.00 1.07 ISO3601-G
140.00 1.09 ISO3601-G
142.50 1.11 ISO3601-G
145.00 1.13 ISO3601-G
147.50 1.14 ISO3601-G
150.00 1.16 ISO3601-G
152.50 1.18 ISO3601-G
155.00 1.19 ISO3601-G
157.50 1.21 ISO3601-G
160.00 1.23 ISO3601-G
162.50 1.24 ISO3601-G
165.00 1.26 ISO3601-G
167.50 1.28 ISO3601-G
170.00 1.29 ISO3601-G
172.50 1.31 ISO3601-G
175.00 1.33 ISO3601-G
177.50 1.34 ISO3601-G
180.00 1.36 ISO3601-G
182.50 1.38 ISO3601-G
185.00 1.39 ISO3601-G
187.50 1.41 ISO3601-G
190.00 1.43 ISO3601-G
195.00 1.46 ISO3601-G
200.00 1.49 ISO3601-G
18.30 0.25 R15
19.80 0.26 R16
21.30 0.28 R17
23.00 0.29 R18
24.60 0.30 R19
26.20 0.31 R20
27.80 0.32 R21
29.30 0.34 R22
30.80 0.35 R23
32.50 0.36 R24
34.10 0.37 R25
35.60 0.39 R26
37.30 0.39 R27
40.00 0.41 ISO3601-G
41.20 0.42 ISO3601-G
42.50 0.43 ISO3601-G
43.70 0.44 ISO3601-G
45.00 0.44 ISO3601-G
46.20 0.45 ISO3601-G
47.50 0.46 ISO3601-G
48.70 0.47 ISO3601-G
50.00 0.48 ISO3601-G
51.50 0.49 ISO3601-G
53.00 0.50 ISO3601-G
54.50 0.51 ISO3601-G
56.00 0.52 ISO3601-G
58.00 0.54 ISO3601-G
60.00 0.55 ISO3601-G
61.50 0.56 ISO3601-G
63.00 0.57 ISO3601-G
65.00 0.58 ISO3601-G
67.00 0.60 ISO3601-G
69.00 0.61 ISO3601-G
71.00 0.63 ISO3601-G
73.00 0.64 ISO3601-G
75.00 0.65 ISO3601-G
77.50 0.67 ISO3601-G
80.00 0.69 ISO3601-G
82.50 0.71 ISO3601-G
85.00 0.72 ISO3601-G
87.50 0.74 ISO3601-G
90.00 0.76 ISO3601-G
92.50 0.77 ISO3601-G
95.00 0.79 ISO3601-G
97.50 0.81 ISO3601-G
100.00 0.82 ISO3601-G
103.00 0.85 ISO3601-G
106.00 0.87 ISO3601-G
109.00 0.89 ISO3601-G
112.00 0.91 ISO3601-G
115.00 0.93 ISO3601-G
118.00 0.95 ISO3601-G
122.00 0.97 ISO3601-G
125.00 0.99 ISO3601-G
128.00 1.01 ISO3601-G
132.00 1.04 ISO3601-G
136.00 1.07 ISO3601-G
140.00 1.09 ISO3601-G
142.50 1.11 ISO3601-G
145.00 1.13 ISO3601-G
147.50 1.14 ISO3601-G
150.00 1.16 ISO3601-G
152.50 1.18 ISO3601-G
155.00 1.19 ISO3601-G
157.50 1.21 ISO3601-G
160.00 1.23 ISO3601-G
162.50 1.24 ISO3601-G
3.55
+/- 0.10
3.60
+/- 0.10
5.30
+/- 0.13
61
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SAE AS568 American Standard O-ring sizes
BS1806 British Standard O-ring sizes (imperial)
BS4518 British Standard O-ring sizes (metric)
Le Joint Franais 'R' O-ring sizes
ISO3601 International Organisation for
Standardisation O-ring sizes (General purpose)
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165.00 1.26 ISO3601-G
167.50 1.28 ISO3601-G
170.00 1.29 ISO3601-G
172.50 1.31 ISO3601-G
175.00 1.33 ISO3601-G
177.50 1.34 ISO3601-G
180.00 1.36 ISO3601-G
182.50 1.38 ISO3601-G
185.00 1.39 ISO3601-G
187.50 1.41 ISO3601-G
190.00 1.43 ISO3601-G
195.00 1.46 ISO3601-G
200.00 1.49 ISO3601-G
203.00 1.51 ISO3601-G
206.00 1.53 ISO3601-G
212.00 1.57 ISO3601-G
218.00 1.61 ISO3601-G
224.00 1.65 ISO3601-G
227.00 1.67 ISO3601-G
230.00 1.69 ISO3601-G
236.00 1.73 ISO3601-G
239.00 1.75 ISO3601-G
243.00 1.77 ISO3601-G
250.00 1.82 ISO3601-G
254.00 1.84 ISO3601-G
258.00 1.87 ISO3601-G
261.00 1.89 ISO3601-G
265.00 1.91 ISO3601-G
268.00 1.92 ISO3601-G
272.00 1.96 ISO3601-G
276.00 1.98 ISO3601-G
280.00 2.01 ISO3601-G
283.00 2.03 ISO3601-G
286.00 2.05 ISO3601-G
290.00 2.08 ISO3601-G
295.00 2.11 ISO3601-G
300.00 2.14 ISO3601-G
303.00 2.16 ISO3601-G
307.00 2.19 ISO3601-G
311.00 2.21 ISO3601-G
315.00 2.24 ISO3601-G
320.00 2.27 ISO3601-G
325.00 2.30 ISO3601-G
330.00 2.33 ISO3601-G
335.00 2.36 ISO3601-G
340.00 2.40 ISO3601-G
345.00 2.43 ISO3601-G
350.00 2.46 ISO3601-G
355.00 2.49 ISO3601-G
360.00 2.52 ISO3601-G
365.00 2.56 ISO3601-G
370.00 2.59 ISO3601-G
375.00 2.62 ISO3601-G
379.00 2.64 ISO3601-G
383.00 2.67 ISO3601-G
387.00 2.70 ISO3601-G
391.00 2.72 ISO3601-G
395.00 2.75 ISO3601-G
400.00 2.78 ISO3601-G
10.46 0.13 BS1806-309, AS568-309
12.07 0.13 BS1806-310, AS568-310
13.64 0.18 BS1806-311, AS568-311
15.24 0.23 BS1806-312, AS568-312
16.81 0.23 BS1806-313, AS568-313
18.42 0.25 BS1806-314, AS568-314
19.99 0.25 BS1806-315, AS568-315
21.59 0.25 BS1806-316, AS568-316
23.16 0.25 BS1806-317, AS568-317
24.77 0.25 BS1806-318, AS568-318
26.34 0.25 BS1806-319, AS568-319
27.94 0.30 BS1806-320, AS568-320
29.51 0.30 BS1806-321, AS568-321
31.12 0.30 BS1806-322, AS568-322
32.69 0.30 BS1806-323, AS568-323
34.29 0.30 BS1806-324, AS568-324
37.47 0.38 BS1806-325, AS568-325, R28
40.64 0.38 BS1806-326, AS568-326, R29
43.82 0.38 BS1806-327, AS568-327, R30
46.99 0.38 BS1806-328, AS568-328, R31
50.17 0.46 BS1806-329, AS568-329, R32
53.34 0.46 BS1806-330, AS568-330, R33
56.52 0.46 BS1806-331, AS568-331, R34
59.69 0.46 BS1806-332, AS568-332, R35
62.87 0.51 BS1806-333, AS568-333, R36
66.04 0.51 BS1806-334, AS568-334, R37
69.22 0.51 BS1806-335, AS568-335, R38
72.39 0.51 BS1806-336, AS568-336, R39
75.57 0.61 BS1806-337, AS568-337, R40
78.74 0.61 BS1806-338, AS568-338, R41
81.92 0.61 BS1806-339, AS568-339, R42
85.09 0.61 BS1806-340, AS568-340, R43
88.27 0.61 BS1806-341, AS568-341, R44
91.44 0.71 BS1806-342, AS568-342, R45
94.62 0.71 BS1806-343, AS568-343, R46
97.79 0.71 BS1806-344, AS568-344, R47
100.97 0.71 BS1806-345, AS568-345, R48
104.14 0.71 BS1806-346, AS568-346, R49
107.32 0.76 BS1806-347, AS568-347, R50
110.49 0.76 BS1806-348, AS568-348, R51
113.67 0.76 BS1806-349, AS568-349, R52
116.84 0.76 BS1806-350, AS568-350
120.02 0.76 BS1806-351, AS568-351
123.19 0.76 BS1806-352, AS568-352
126.37 0.94 BS1806-353, AS568-353
129.54 0.94 BS1806-354, AS568-354
132.72 0.94 BS1806-355, AS568-355
135.89 0.94 BS1806-356, AS568-356
139.07 0.94 BS1806-357, AS568-357
142.24 0.94 BS1806-358, AS568-358
145.42 0.94 BS1806-359, AS568-359
148.59 0.94 BS1806-360, AS568-360
151.77 0.94 BS1806-361, AS568-361
158.12 1.02 BS1806-362, AS568-362
164.47 1.02 BS1806-363, AS568-363
170.82 1.02 BS1806-364, AS568-364
177.17 1.02 BS1806-365, AS568-365
183.52 1.14 BS1806-366, AS568-366
189.87 1.14 BS1806-367, AS568-367
196.22 1.14 BS1806-368, AS568-368
202.57 1.14 BS1806-369, AS568-369
208.92 1.27 BS1806-370, AS568-370
215.27 1.27 BS1806-371, AS568-371
221.62 1.27 BS1806-372, AS568-372
227.97 1.27 BS1806-373, AS568-373
234.32 1.40 BS1806-374, AS568-374
240.67 1.40 BS1806-375, AS568-375
247.02 1.40 BS1806-376, AS568-376
253.37 1.40 BS1806-377, AS568-377
266.07 1.52 BS1806-378, AS568-378
278.77 1.52 BS1806-379, AS568-379
291.47 1.65 BS1806-380, AS568-380
304.17 1.65 BS1806-381, AS568-381
329.57 1.65 BS1806-382, AS568-382
354.97 1.78 BS1806-383, AS568-383
5.30
+/- 0.13
5.33
+/- 0.13
5.33
+/- 0.13
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SAE AS568 American Standard O-ring sizes
BS1806 British Standard O-ring sizes (imperial)
BS4518 British Standard O-ring sizes (metric)
Le Joint Franais 'R' O-ring sizes
ISO3601 International Organisation for
Standardisation O-ring sizes (General purpose)
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380.37 1.78 BS1806-384, AS568-384
405.26 1.91 BS1806-385, AS568-385
430.66 2.03 BS1806-386, AS568-386
456.06 2.16 BS1806-387, AS568-387
481.46 2.29 BS1806-388, AS568-388
506.86 2.41 BS1806-389, AS568-389
532.26 2.41 BS1806-390, AS568-390
557.66 2.54 BS1806-391, AS568-391
582.68 2.67 BS1806-392, AS568-392
608.08 2.79 BS1806-393, AS568-393
633.48 2.92 BS1806-394, AS568-394
658.88 3.05 BS1806-395, AS568-395
44.30 0.30 BS4518 0443-57
45.30 0.30 BS4518 0453-57
49.30 0.30 BS4518 0493-57
52.30 0.40 BS4518 0523-57
54.30 0.40 BS4518 0543-57
55.30 0.40 BS4518 0553-57
59.30 0.40 BS4518 0593-57
62.30 0.40 BS4518 0623-57
64.30 0.40 BS4518 0643-57
69.30 0.40 BS4518 0693-57
74.30 0.40 BS4518 0743-57
79.30 0.40 BS4518 0793-57
84.30 0.50 BS4518 0843-57
89.30 0.50 BS4518 0893-57
94.30 0.50 BS4518 0943-57
99.30 0.50 BS4518 0993-57
104.30 0.50 BS4518 1043-57
109.30 0.50 BS4518 1093-57
114.30 0.50 BS4518 1143-57
119.30 0.50 BS4518 1193-57
124.30 0.60 BS4518 1243-57
129.30 0.60 BS4518 1293-57
134.30 0.60 BS4518 1343-57
139.30 0.60 BS4518 1393-57
144.30 0.60 BS4518 1443-57
149.30 0.60 BS4518 1493-57
154.30 0.60 BS4518 1543-57
159.30 0.60 BS4518 1593-57
164.30 0.60 BS4518 1643-57
169.30 0.60 BS4518 1693-57
174.30 0.60 BS4518 1743-57
179.30 0.60 BS4518 1793-57
184.30 0.80 BS4518 1843-57
189.30 0.80 BS4518 1893-57
194.30 0.80 BS4518 1943-57
199.30 0.80 BS4518 1993-57
209.30 0.80 BS4518 2093-57
219.30 0.80 BS4518 2193-57
229.30 0.80 BS4518 2293-57
239.30 0.80 BS4518 2393-57
249.30 0.80 BS4518 2493-57
259.30 1.00 BS4518 2593-57
269.30 1.00 BS4518 2693-57
279.30 1.00 BS4518 2793-57
289.30 1.00 BS4518 2893-57
299.30 1.00 BS4518 2993-57
309.30 1.50 BS4518 3093-57
319.30 1.50 BS4518 3193-57
339.30 1.50 BS4518 3393-57
359.30 1.50 BS4518 3593-57
379.30 1.50 BS4518 3793-57
389.30 1.50 BS4518 3893-57
399.30 1.50 BS4518 3993-57
419.30 2.00 BS4518 4193-57
439.30 2.00 BS4518 4393-57
459.30 2.00 BS4518 4593-57
479.30 2.00 BS4518 4793-57
489.30 2.00 BS4518 4893-57
499.30 2.00 BS4518 4993-57
113.67 0.84 BS1806-425, AS568-425, R53
116.84 0.84 BS1806-426, AS568-426, R54
120.02 0.84 BS1806-427, AS568-427, R55
123.19 0.84 BS1806-428, AS568-428, R56
126.37 0.94 BS1806-429, AS568-429, R57
129.54 0.94 BS1806-430, AS568-430, R58
132.72 0.94 BS1806-431, AS568-431, R59
135.89 0.94 BS1806-432, AS568-432, R60
139.07 0.94 BS1806-433, AS568-433, R61
142.24 0.94 BS1806-434, AS568-434, R62
145.42 0.94 BS1806-435, AS568-435, R63
148.59 0.94 BS1806-436, AS568-436, R64
151.77 0.94 BS1806-437, AS568-437, R65
158.12 1.02 BS1806-438, AS568-438, R66
164.47 1.02 BS1806-439, AS568-439, R67
170.82 1.02 BS1806-440, AS568-440, R68
177.17 1.02 BS1806-441, AS568-441, R69
183.52 1.14 BS1806-442, AS568-442, R70
189.87 1.14 BS1806-443, AS568-443, R71
196.22 1.14 BS1806-444, AS568-444, R72
202.57 1.14 BS1806-445, AS568-445, R73
215.27 1.40 BS1806-446, AS568-446, R74
227.97 1.40 BS1806-447, AS568-447, R75
240.67 1.40 BS1806-448, AS568-448, R76
253.37 1.40 BS1806-449, AS568-449, R77
266.07 1.52 BS1806-450, AS568-450, R78
278.77 1.52 BS1806-451, AS568-451, R79
291.47 1.52 BS1806-452, AS568-452, R80
304.17 1.52 BS1806-453, AS568-453, R81
316.87 1.52 BS1806-454, AS568-454, R82
329.57 1.52 BS1806-455, AS568-455, R83
342.27 1.78 BS1806-456, AS568-456, R84
354.97 1.78 BS1806-457, AS568-457, R85
367.67 1.78 BS1806-458, AS568-458, R86
380.37 1.78 BS1806-459, AS568-459, R87
393.07 1.78 BS1806-460, AS568-460, R88
405.26 1.91 BS1806-461, AS568-461
417.96 1.91 BS1806-462, AS568-462
430.66 2.03 BS1806-463, AS568-463
443.36 2.16 BS1806-464, AS568-464
456.06 2.16 BS1806-465, AS568-465
468.76 2.16 BS1806-466, AS568-466
481.46 2.29 BS1806-467, AS568-467
494.16 2.29 BS1806-468, AS568-468
506.86 2.41 BS1806-469, AS568-469
532.26 2.41 BS1806-470, AS568-470
557.66 2.54 BS1806-471, AS568-471
582.68 2.67 BS1806-472, AS568-472
608.08 2.79 BS1806-473, AS568-473
633.48 2.92 BS1806-474, AS568-474
658.88 3.05 BS1806-475, AS568-475
109.00 0.89 ISO3601-G
112.00 0.91 ISO3601-G
115.00 0.93 ISO3601-G
118.00 0.95 ISO3601-G
122.00 0.97 ISO3601-G
125.00 0.99 ISO3601-G
128.00 1.01 ISO3601-G
132.00 1.04 ISO3601-G
136.00 1.07 ISO3601-G
140.00 1.09 ISO3601-G
142.50 1.11 ISO3601-G
5.33
+/- 0.13
5.70
+/- 0.12
6.99
+/- 0.15
7.00
+/- 0.15
5.70
+/- 0.12
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SAE AS568 American Standard O-ring sizes
BS1806 British Standard O-ring sizes (imperial)
BS4518 British Standard O-ring sizes (metric)
Le Joint Franais 'R' O-ring sizes
ISO3601 International Organisation for
Standardisation O-ring sizes (General purpose)
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145.00 1.13 ISO3601-G
147.50 1.14 ISO3601-G
150.00 1.16 ISO3601-G
152.50 1.18 ISO3601-G
155.00 1.19 ISO3601-G
157.50 1.21 ISO3601-G
160.00 1.23 ISO3601-G
162.50 1.24 ISO3601-G
165.00 1.26 ISO3601-G
167.50 1.28 ISO3601-G
170.00 1.29 ISO3601-G
172.50 1.31 ISO3601-G
175.00 1.33 ISO3601-G
177.50 1.34 ISO3601-G
180.00 1.36 ISO3601-G
182.50 1.38 ISO3601-G
185.00 1.39 ISO3601-G
187.50 1.41 ISO3601-G
190.00 1.43 ISO3601-G
195.00 1.46 ISO3601-G
200.00 1.49 ISO3601-G
203.00 1.51 ISO3601-G
206.00 1.53 ISO3601-G
212.00 1.57 ISO3601-G
218.00 1.61 ISO3601-G
224.00 1.65 ISO3601-G
227.00 1.67 ISO3601-G
230.00 1.69 ISO3601-G
236.00 1.73 ISO3601-G
239.00 1.75 ISO3601-G
243.00 1.77 ISO3601-G
250.00 1.82 ISO3601-G
254.00 1.84 ISO3601-G
258.00 1.87 ISO3601-G
261.00 1.89 ISO3601-G
265.00 1.91 ISO3601-G
268.00 1.92 ISO3601-G
272.00 1.96 ISO3601-G
276.00 1.98 ISO3601-G
280.00 2.01 ISO3601-G
283.00 2.03 ISO3601-G
286.00 2.05 ISO3601-G
290.00 2.08 ISO3601-G
295.00 2.11 ISO3601-G
300.00 2.14 ISO3601-G
303.00 2.16 ISO3601-G
307.00 2.19 ISO3601-G
311.00 2.21 ISO3601-G
315.00 2.24 ISO3601-G
320.00 2.27 ISO3601-G
325.00 2.30 ISO3601-G
330.00 2.33 ISO3601-G
335.00 2.36 ISO3601-G
340.00 2.40 ISO3601-G
345.00 2.43 ISO3601-G
350.00 2.46 ISO3601-G
355.00 2.49 ISO3601-G
360.00 2.52 ISO3601-G
365.00 2.56 ISO3601-G
370.00 2.59 ISO3601-G
375.00 2.62 ISO3601-G
379.00 2.64 ISO3601-G
383.00 2.67 ISO3601-G
387.00 2.70 ISO3601-G
391.00 2.72 ISO3601-G
395.00 2.75 ISO3601-G
400.00 2.78 ISO3601-G
406.00 2.82 ISO3601-G
412.00 2.85 ISO3601-G
418.00 2.89 ISO3601-G
425.00 2.93 ISO3601-G
429.00 2.96 ISO3601-G
433.00 2.99 ISO3601-G
437.00 3.01 ISO3601-G
443.00 3.05 ISO3601-G
450.00 3.09 ISO3601-G
456.00 3.13 ISO3601-G
462.00 3.17 ISO3601-G
466.00 3.19 ISO3601-G
470.00 3.22 ISO3601-G
475.00 3.25 ISO3601-G
479.00 3.28 ISO3601-G
483.00 3.30 ISO3601-G
487.00 3.33 ISO3601-G
493.00 3.36 ISO3601-G
500.00 3.41 ISO3601-G
508.00 3.46 ISO3601-G
515.00 3.50 ISO3601-G
523.00 3.55 ISO3601-G
530.00 3.60 ISO3601-G
538.00 3.65 ISO3601-G
545.00 3.69 ISO3601-G
553.00 3.74 ISO3601-G
560.00 3.78 ISO3601-G
570.00 3.85 ISO3601-G
580.00 3.91 ISO3601-G
590.00 3.97 ISO3601-G
600.00 4.03 ISO3601-G
608.00 4.08 ISO3601-G
615.00 4.12 ISO3601-G
623.00 4.17 ISO3601-G
630.00 4.22 ISO3601-G
640.00 4.28 ISO3601-G
650.00 4.34 ISO3601-G
660.00 4.40 ISO3601-G
670.00 4.47 ISO3601-G
144.10 0.60 BS4518 1441-84
149.10 0.60 BS4518 1491-84
154.10 0.60 BS4518 1541-84
159.10 0.60 BS4518 1591-84
164.10 0.60 BS4518 1641-84
169.10 0.60 BS4518 1691-84
174.10 0.60 BS4518 1741-84
179.10 0.60 BS4518 1791-84
184.10 0.80 BS4518 1841-84
189.10 0.80 BS4518 1891-84
194.10 0.80 BS4518 1941-84
199.10 0.80 BS4518 1991-84
204.10 0.80 BS4518 2041-84
209.10 0.80 BS4518 2091-84
219.10 0.80 BS4518 2191-84
229.10 0.80 BS4518 2291-84
234.10 0.80 BS4518 2341-84
239.10 0.80 BS4518 2391-84
249.10 0.80 BS4518 2491-84
7.00
+/- 0.15
7.00
+/- 0.15
8.40
+/- 0.15
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64
SAE AS568 American Standard O-ring sizes
BS1806 British Standard O-ring sizes (imperial)
BS4518 British Standard O-ring sizes (metric)
Le Joint Franais 'R' O-ring sizes
ISO3601 International Organisation for
Standardisation O-ring sizes (General purpose)
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3-A Sanitary Standards Inc. 21
Abrasion 48
Accelerated ageing 50
ACM 14
Acrylonitrile Butadine 16
AEM 14
Aerospace tolerances 55
Aerospace/Defence 19
Analysis of elastomer materials 7
Analytical services 7
Approvals 19
AS4716 groove sizes for piston and rod seals 52
AS568 O-ring sizes 52, 57
ASTM D1418 material designations 14
AU 14
Back-up rings 53
BGC/PSL/LC6 (Gas specification) 21
Bio-analytical 19
BS1806 O-ring sizes (imperial) 57
BS2494 21
BS3734 moulding tolerances 56
BS4518 O-ring sizes (metric) 57
Butyl 16
Chemical Compatibility (Online) 9
Chemical Compatibility (Reference Table) 23
Chemical compatibility testing 7
Chemical Processing Industry elastomers 19
Chemical resistance data 23
Chemical/Temperature resistance matrix 18
Chloroprene 14
Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene 14
Chlorosulphonylpolyethylene 14
Clearance gap 53
Coeffecient of thermal expansion 51
Comparison of elastomer properties 18
Component Design 6
Compression set 49
Compressive modulus 49
Compressive stress relaxation 49
Computer Aided Design (CAD) 6
Consultancy service 7
Copolymer 16
CR 14
Cross-section 55, 57
CSM 14
Cure systems 51
Customised design service 6
Datasheets 9
Defence 19
Design service 6
Diesel Engines 19
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 8
DTD Specification 19
DVGW 21
ECO 14
Elastomer material types 14
Elongation 47
Embrittlement and hardening 50
EPDM 15
Epichlorohydrin 14
Ethylene Acrylic 14
Ethylene-Propylene 15
EU 14
Explosive Decompression (ED) 21, 49
Explosive decompression testing 8
Extrusion 53
Face seals 52
Failure analysis 7
FCN (Food Contact Notification) 21
FDA (Food & Drug Administration) 20
FEA 6
FEP 15
FEPM 15
FFKM (FFPM) 11, 15
Finite Element Analysis (FEA) 6
FKM (FPM) 15, 16
Fluorocarbon 15
Fluoroelastomer 15
Fluoroethylene Propylene-Perfluoroalkoxy 15
Fluorosilicone 16
Food & Drug Administration 20
Food Contact Notification 21
Force, sealing 52
Friction 48
FVMQ 16
Gas Specification 21
Generator Sets 19
Glass transition temperature 50
Groove dimensions 10
Hardening and embrittlement 50
Hardness testing 7
Hardness 48
Hardware design guidelines 10, 52
Heat resistance 50
High Nitrile 16
HNBR 17
How to select the correct seal 12
Hydrongenated Nitrile 17
IIR 16
Industry specific elastomers 19
Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) 8
Internal diameter 57
International O-ring sizes 52, 57
IR 16
IRHD hardness 48
ISO 1629 material designations 14
ISO 3601 54, 57
KTW 21
Laboratory testing & analysis 7
Le Joint Francais 57
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Index AI
Lead times 5
Low Nitrile 16
Low temperature resistance 50
Manufacturing lead times 5
Marine Diesel Engine seals 19
Material approvals 19
Material Characterisation Centre 7
Material datasheets 9
Material testing and analysis 7
Mechanical evaluation/testing 8
Medium Nitrile 16
Metal detectable seals 20
Microscopy 7
MIL Specification 19
Modulus 47
Moulding tolerances 56
Natural Rubber 17
NBR 16
NES337 Defence Standard 19
Nitrile 16
Non-standard O-rings 5
NR 17
Nuclear 19
Offshore 20
Oil & Gas 20
Online Chemical Compatibility 9
Online Helpdesk 10
Online Literature Library (specs, datasheets & certificates) 9
Online Material Selector Tool 9
Online O-ring and Groove Dimension Wizard 10
O-ring sizes 57
O-ring tolerances 54, 55
Outgassing 51
Ozone resistance 50
Perfluoroelastomer 11, 15
Perlast 11
Permeation 49
Peroxide cure 51
PFA 15
Pharmaceutical 19
Piston seals 52
Polyacrylate 14
Polyacrylic 14
Polyester 14
Polyether Urethane 14
Polyisoprene 16
Polytetrafluoroethylene 17
Potable Water 21
Powder Generation 19
Pressure 53
PTFE 11, 17
PVMQ 17
Quality 5
R (LJF) O-ring sizes 57
Registered trade names 22
Retained sealing force 49
Rod seals 52
SBR 17
Seal selection considerations 12
Sealing force 49
Selecting the correct seal 12
Semiconductor 20
Shore hardness 48
Shrinkage (volume change) 51
Silicone 17
Softening 50
Spectroscopy 8
Squeeze 52
Standard O-ring sizes 57
Strain energy density 47
Stress-strain curve 47
Styrene-Butadine 17
Sulphur cure 51
Swelling 23, 50, 51
Tear strength 48
Technical design service 5
Technical support 5
Temperature range of elastomers 18
Temperature Retraction (TR) Test 50
Temperature/Chemical resistance matrix 18
Tensile strength 47
Tensile stress 47
Terminology 47
Terpolymer 16
Testing and analysis 7
Tetrafluoroethylene/Propylene 15, 17
Tetrapolymer 16
TFE/P 15, 17
Thermal analysis 7
Thermal expansion 51
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 8
Tolerances 51, 55, 57
Tooling 5
Trade names 22
Training and Education 5
Trapped seals 52
Types of elastomer 14
United States Pharmacopiea (USP) 21
USP Class VI 21
UV resistance 50
VMQ 17
Volume change 51
Volume loss 49, 50
Water grade seals 21
Wear 48
Weathering 50
Website tools 9
WRC (Water Research Council) 21
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Index IZ
Notes
Corporate Brochure
Elastomer Technical Guide & Chemical Compatibility
Food and Pharmaceutical
Perlast

General
Perlast

Semiconductor
Diesel Engines
DE
EN
ES
FR
Precision Polymer Engineering Limited
Greenbank Road
Blackburn
BB1 3EA
England
Tel: +44 (0) 1254 295400
Fax: +44 (0) 1254 680182
Email: sales@prepol.com
www.prepol.com
05/06
Perlast Limited
Greenbank Road
Blackburn
BB1 3EA
England
Tel: +44 (0) 1254 295400
Fax: +44 (0) 1254 680182
Email: info@perlast.com
www.perlast.com