Highlights

Learjet 35/36 Fuel Servicing Addendum

LR35/36 Fuel Servicing Highlights-1
1-3-2007
HIGHLIGHTS OF REISSUE
The following summary describes the changes that are incorporated with this reissue.
Approved Fuels Added RP-3 per Peoples Republic of China specification
Jet A-1 (SY1008-80).
Added No. 3 Jet Fuel per Peoples Republic of China
specification Jet A-1 (GB 6537-94).
Added TS-1 per Russian/Commonwealth of Independent
States specification Kerosene (GOST 10227-86).
Learjet 35/36 Series Addendum Fuel Servicing
1-3-2007 -3
ADDENDUM
FUEL SERVICING

This addendum contains the necessary information and procedures to
properly service the aircraft fuel system. For additional servicing and
maintenance instructions not contained in this addendum, consult the
Learjet Model 35/35A/36/36A Maintenance Manual.
All weight and liquid measure information for fuel within this adden-
dum is presented in pounds and U.S. gallons respectively. Conversion
between weight and liquid measure is based upon the nominal specific
weight of kerosene (6.7 lb/gal). In the event it should become necessary
to convert from one system to another, the following factors may be
used:
NOTICE
Fuel Servicing Addendum dated 1-3-2007 replaces
all previous versions in their entirety
1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms 1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds
1 U.S. gallon = 3.7854 liters 1 liter = 0.2642 U.S. gallon
1 U.S. gallon = 0.8327 imperial gallon 1 imperial gallon = 1.2009 U.S. gallons
1 imperial gallon = 4.5461 liters 1 liter = 0.2200 imperial gallon
Title
Learjet 35/36 Series Addendum Fuel Servicing
1-3-2007 -1
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Subject Page
Approved Fuels ............................................................................................ 1
Emergency Fuels........................................................................................... 2
Aviation Gasoline .................................................................................... 2
Electronic Fuel Computers ........................................................................ 2
Specific Gravity Setting .......................................................................... 2
Specific Gravity Setting (Figure 1) ........................................................ 3
Fuel Additives............................................................................................... 4
Biocide Additive ..................................................................................... 4
Anti-Icing Additive ................................................................................ 5
Blending Methods ................................................................................ 5
Qualified Aerosols............................................................................. 5
Blending Anti-Icing Additive Using the Aerosol Method .......... 6
Blending Anti-Icing Additive
Using the Aerosol Method (Figure 2)........................................ 7
Checking Anti-Icing Additive ........................................................... 6
Refueling ...................................................................................................... 8
Switch Fueling.......................................................................................... 8
Refueling Procedures ............................................................................... 9
TOC
Learjet 35/36 Series Addendum Fuel Servicing
1-3-2007 1
APPROVED FUELS
Fuels conforming to Honeywell Specifications EMS 53111 (Jet A):
AMOCO Jet Fuel Type A Jet A Kerosene
AMOCO Turbine Fuel Mobil Jet A
ASTM Jet A Aircraft Turbine Fuel NATO F-30 (Jet A)
B.P. Oil Inc., Jet A Phillips Philjet A-50
Boron Oil Company Jet A Richfield Jet A
Chevron Jet Fuel A Standard Oil of Ohio Jet A
Chevron Jet Fuel A-50 Shell Jet A
Conoco Jet 50 Texaco Avjet A
Exxon Turbo A Union Turbine Fuel A
Gulf Jet A
Fuels conforming to Honeywell Specifications EMS 53112 (Jet A-1 or JP-8):
ASTM Jet A-1 NATO F-34 (Jet A-1)
Boron Oil Company Jet A-1 NATO F-35 (Jet A-1)
British Fuel D ENG RD 2492 AVTUR 50 Richfield Jet A-1
Canadian Fuel 3-GP-23 Shell Jet A-1
Chevron Jet Fuel A-1 Texaco Avjet A-1
Exxon Turbo A-1 Union Jet A-1
Jet A-1 Kerosene MIL-T-83133 (JP-8)
Mobil Jet A-1 JP-8 + 100
Fuels conforming to Honeywell Specifications EMS 53113 (Jet B or JP-4):
ASTM Jet B Aircraft Turbine Fuel Mobil JP-4
British Fuel D ENG RD 2486 AVTAG NATO F-40 (JP-4)
Canadian Fuel 3-GP-22 NATO F-45 (JP-4)
Chevron Jet Fuel B Richfield Jet B
Chevron Jet Fuel JP-4 Richfield JP-4
Conoco (JP-4) Texaco Avjet B
Exxon Turbo B Texaco JP-4
MIL-T-5624G (JP-4) Union JP-4
Fuels conforming to Honeywell Specifications EMS 53116 (JP-5):
British Fuel D ENG RD 2498 AVCAT 48 NATO F-42 (JP-5)
Chevron Turbine Fuel JP-5 NATO F-44 (JP-5)
MIL-T-5624G (JP-5) Texaco JP-5
Mobil JP-5
Fuels approved per British Ministry of Supply Specification Grade JP-4:
D. Eng. R.D. 2486
Fuels approved per British Ministry of Supply Specification Grade JP-5:
D. Eng. R.D. 2494
D. Eng. R.D. 2498
Fuels approved per Peoples Republic of China Specification SY1008-80 (Jet A-1):
RP-3
Fuels approved per Peoples Republic of China Specification GB 6537-94 (Jet A-1):
No. 3 Jet Fuel
Fuels approved per Russian/Commonwealth of Independent States
Specification GOST 10227-86 (Kerosene):
TS-1
Addendum Fuel Servicing Learjet 35/36 Series
2 1-3-2007
EMERGENCY FUEL
AVIATION GASOLINE
Aviation gasoline (MIL-D-5572D, Grades 80/87, 100/130 and 115/145)
may be used as an emergency fuel and mixed, in any proportion, with
various approved jet fuels.
Aviation gasoline may not be used in excess of 500 gallons (1892.5
liters) per 100 hours of operation per engine.
ELECTRONIC FUEL COMPUTERS
The electronic fuel computers provide engine governing, limiting, and
fuel scheduling functions in response to engine and thrust lever inputs.
The fuel computers are located in the tailcone. Access for adjusting the
specific gravity setting may be accomplished through the tailcone ac-
cess door. Because of fuel computer accessibility, fuel computer specific
gravity adjustment is not normally considered a pilot function.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY SETTING
Engine surge may occur if the recommended specific
gravity adjustment is not adhered to for the type of
fuel being used. If surge is encountered, refer to the
Engine Maintenance Manual.
Clockwise trim (corresponding to a decrease in spe-
cific gravity setting), on the fuel computer, without a
change in fuel specific gravity results in higher tur-
bine temperatures in start, acceleration and
deceleration.
The engine electronic fuel computer must be adjusted to the recom-
mended specific gravity position listed in the Engine Log Book for the
type of fuel that is being used, or if no entry is made in the Engine Log
Book, the following settings are to be observed.
Jet A, Jet A-1, JP-5 and JP-8 ............................................. Position 5
Jet B and JP-4..................................................................... Position 6
50% or more Aviation Gasoline...................................... Position 7
Fuel adjustment knob may be rotated one click ei-
ther direction from the recommended fuel adjust-
ment of positions 5, 6 and 7 to compensate for
individual engine characteristics or installation
effects.
WARNING
CAUTION
NOTE
Learjet 35/36 Series Addendum Fuel Servicing
1-3-2007 3
1. Lower tailcone access door.
A flashlight and an inspection mirror will be
required to accomplish the following.
2. Rotate the fuel computer specific gravity adjustment knob to
the desired position.
3. Secure tailcone access door.
NOTE
SPECIFIC GRAVITY SETTING
Figure 1
Position 7
Addendum Fuel Servicing Learjet 35/36 Series
4 1-3-2007
FUEL ADDITIVES
Two distinct groups of fuel additives, each with a different use, are dis-
cussed in the following paragraphs:
Within the anti-icing group there are two types of materials approved:
MIL-I-27686 and MIL-I-85470. Anti-icing additive conforming to
MIL-I-27686 inhibits microbial growth in addition to providing anti-
icing protection. Anti-icing additive conforming to MIL-I-85470 does
not inhibit microbial growth.
For microbial protection, it is recommended that fuel containing either
an approved biocide additive or an anti-icing additive conforming to
MIL-I-27686 be used at least once a week for aircraft in regular use and
whenever a fueled aircraft will be out of service for a week or more. If
microbial growth is detected, the system should be chemically treated.
Refer to Chapter 12 of the Learjet Model 35/35A/36/36A Maintenance
Manual for the applicable procedure.
BIOCIDE ADDITIVE
Biobor JF is approved for use as a biocide additive when premixed with
fuel in the fuel supply facility. Over-the-wing blending of Biobor JF and
fuel is not approved.
Biobor JF is not an anti-icing additive and is to be used strictly for mi-
crobial protection. However, Biobor JF may be used, in the recommend-
ed concentrations, concurrently with the approved anti-icing additive.
Concentrations of Biobor JF up to, but not exceeding, 270 ppm can be
used. Normally, concentrations of 270 ppm are used only if microbial
growth is known or suspected. Typically, concentrations of 135 ppm are
used as a preventative treatment to maintain a clean system.
Drain all sumps prior to refueling. Excessive water
concentrations combined with excessive Biobor JF
concentrations can result in the formation of solid
crystalline precipitates in the fuel system.
When using concentrations of 270 ppm, check
fuel filters for contamination twice at approxi-
mately 10-hour intervals.
When using concentrations of 135 ppm, check
fuel filters for contamination once after approxi-
mately 50 hours operation.
Additive Group Use
Biocide Protects the fuel system from microbial growth
Anti-Icing Prevents fuel filters from icing
CAUTION
NOTE
Learjet 35/36 Series Addendum Fuel Servicing
1-3-2007 5
ANTI-ICING ADDITIVE
Anti-icing additive conforming to MIL-I-27686 or MIL-I-85470 is re-
quired. Lack of anti-icing additive may cause fuel system icing and
subsequent engine flameout. Fuels having the required anti-icing ad-
ditive blended at the refinery need no additional treatment. However,
some fuels do not have the required additive blended at the refinery.
Prior to refueling, always check with fuel supplier to determine if the
fuel contains the required anti-icing additive. Any approved fuel not
containing the required anti-icing additive must have it blended during
refueling.
BLENDING METHODS
Any anti-icing additive blending process which achieves the specified
concentration listed below, and does not damage the aircraft is accept-
able. Follow equipment manufacturers instructions when using blend-
ing methods not described in this addendum.
The anti-icing additive concentrations by volume are as follows:
Use not less than 20 fluid ounces of MIL-I-27686 per 260 gallons (984
liters) nor more than 20 fluid ounces per 105 gallons (397 liters) of fuel.
Use not less than 20 fluid ounces of MIL-I-85470 per 155 gallons (587
liters) nor more than 20 fluid ounces per 105 gallons (397 liters) of fuel.
Qualified Aerosols
The following aerosol products have been qualified for blending
MIL-I-27686 additive over-the-wing:
Hi-Flo Prist (20 fluid ounce aerosol blender)
Quell (20 fluid ounce aerosol blender)
D-Ice (20 fluid ounce aerosol blender)
The following aerosol products have been qualified for blending
MIL-I-85470 additive over-the-wing:
Hi-Flash Prist (20 fluid ounce aerosol blender)
D-Ice Flash 190 (20 fluid ounce aerosol blender)
Additive
Type
Concentration by Volume
Minimum Maximum
MIL-I-27686 0.06% 0.15%
MIL-I-85470 0.10% 0.15%
Addendum Fuel Servicing Learjet 35/36 Series
6 1-3-2007
Blending Anti-Icing Additive Using the Aerosol Method
Anti-icing additive may be harmful if inhaled or
swallowed. Use adequate ventilation. Avoid contact
with skin and eyes. If sprayed into eyes, flush with
large amounts of water and contact a physician im-
mediately.
1. Attach blender to refuel nozzle (see figure 2), ensuring blender
discharges into fuel stream.
2. Start fuel flow, then start additive flow by fully depressing and
slipping ring over trigger. (On button hold down canisters,
depress the button to the hold down position valve held
open.) The refueling rate for MIL-I-27686 shall not be less than
30 GPM (114 LPM) nor greater than 60 GPM (227 LPM). The
refueling rate for MIL-I-85470 shall not be less than 30 GPM (114
LPM) nor greater than 45 GPM (170 LPM). During topping off,
refueling rate may be less than 30 GPM (114 LPM).
3. Stop additive flow, then stop fuel flow.
Ensure that additive is directed into the fuel stream
and that additive flow starts after fuel flow starts
and stops before fuel flow stops. Do not allow con-
centrated additive to contact interior of fuel tank or
aircraft painted surfaces.
Anti-icing additive should be 40F (5C) or warmer
for proper can/dispenser operation.
CHECKING ANTI-ICING ADDITIVE
Prolonged storage of the aircraft will result in water buildup in the fuel
which leaches out the additive. This is indicated when an excessive
amount of water accumulates in the fuel sumps. Check the additive
concentration using a differential refractometer. Minimum additive
concentration shall be 0.035% by volume and the maximum concentra-
tion shall be 0.15% by volume.
WARNING
CAUTION
NOTE
Learjet 35/36 Series Addendum Fuel Servicing
1-3-2007 7
BLENDING ANTI-ICING ADDITIVE USING THE AEROSOL METHOD
Figure 2
Addendum Fuel Servicing Learjet 35/36 Series
8 1-3-2007
REFUELING
The airplane is refueled through filler caps on the tip tanks. Fuel gravity
flows from the tip tanks to wing tanks. The wing fuel pumps are used
to fill the fuselage tank.
A bonding cable must be attached between the air-
craft nose gear uplatch spacer and fueling equip-
ment prior to fueling the airplane. Also connect the
fuel nozzle bonding cable to the bonding jack before
removing the filler cap. This will preclude possible
fire and/or explosion due to static electricity or
sparks.
SWITCH FUELING
Switch fueling is the practice of mixing fuels with a flash point of less
than 100F (38C) with fuels having a flash point of more than 100 F
(38C). Mixing kerosene base, JP-5, JP-8, Jet A, Jet A-1, or AVTUR fuels
with wide-cut petroleum distillates, JP-4, Jet B, or AVTAG is considered
switch fueling.
Switch fueling changes the fuel/air mixture flam-
mability characteristics.
When switch fueling must be accomplished, fuel-
ing rates must be reduced to one-half the normal
truck delivery rate in addition to observing the
normal grounding procedures.
For additional information the possible hazards of
switch fueling, refer to FAA Order 8110.34, Advisory
Circular AC 150/5230-3, and Advisory Circular
AC 00-34A.
WARNING
WARNING
NOTE
Learjet 35/36 Series Addendum Fuel Servicing
1-3-2007 9
REFUELING PROCEDURES
1. Connect bonding cable between fueling equipment and aircraft.
2. Connect fuel nozzle bonding cable to aircraft bonding jack
before removing tip tank filler caps.
3. Battery Switches On.
4. FUS VALVE Switch (if installed) CLOSE.
5. FUS TANK XFER-FILL Switch FILL, if fuselage tank fuel is
desired.
6. Start fueling operations.
Do not completely fill one tank before adding fuel to
the opposite tank. Fill both tanks simultaneously or
alternately add 125 gallons (473.2 L) of fuel to each
tank until desired amount is obtained. Failure to fol-
low this procedure will result in excessive lateral
unbalance.
Monitor filling operation. If the fuselage tank float
switch should malfunction, overflow of the fuselage
tank will occur. This is evident by fuel dripping from
the wing vent air scoops. If this should happen:
1. Immediately stop fueling operation.
2. Set XFER-FILL and battery switches OFF.
3. Drain fuel vent system through the sump assem-
bly until it is clear.
4. Repair or replace fuselage tank float switch, re-
fer to Learjet Maintenance Manual.
7. FUS TANK XFER-FILL Switch OFF when desired fuselage
tank quantity is reached or FULL light comes on. Check that
transfer valve and fuselage valve are closed.
If valves do not close, fuel will gravity flow back to
wing tanks.
8. Battery Switches OFF.
9. Install tip tank filler caps.
10. Disconnect bonding cables.
WARNING
CAUTION
NOTE