Cab Service Management Report

COOL CAB SERVICES
Chapter 1
Introduction
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COOL CAB SERVICES
1. Project Overview
We aim to become a pioneer in the vehicle rental industry by
completely focusing on customers, our employees, growth, innovation and efficiency. All of
these elements will drive us towards success and show us as one company that can perform
and give value for money.
2. Product Description
When it comes to cab rental services, Cool Service is the most trusted and reliable name in
the travel business. The most advanced travel agents offering cab rental and car hire in India,
making full use of information technology to improve the level of our efficiency. owever,
this is only one aspect of services. And this pro!ect continually strive to offer the best of
services " both in terms of man and machine, to our clients
#oreover, this pro!ect has a fleet of cars ranging from lu$ury to budget cabs. While, it offers
online cab hire service for corporate houses. And this pro!ect claim to offer the best of rates,
which are tailor"made depending upon the facilities, availed and offer both intercity and intra"
city cab facilities. All cabs have proper permits and documentation so that the clients couldn%t
be hassled for the lack of documents. owever, this pro!ect has strategic backup system for
any eventuality. Cab drivers are educated, polite, and reliable and are trained to handle acute
breakdowns. The cab service includes all categories of cars from lu$ury to budget.
&urther, this pro!ect's utmost priority is (uality. To achieve this, vehicles are well maintained
and tested for delivering optimum and uninterrupted performance. Team of professionals in
the travel business enables this system to design trips that suits to all budgets and preferences
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COOL CAB SERVICES
of the travelers. In addition, workforce including drivers and administrative staff are well
trained to discharge their duties with a lot of efficiency.
Modules of the Projects:
Admin module
) module
#aintenance module
#ovement module
&inance module
*uality Assurance module
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Chapter 2
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PROB!M" #$D "O%&IO$" O' &(!
PRO)!C&
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2.1 !*istin+ ",ste-
Cool cab Service is an innovative thought to simplify the Transportation
problems of +mployees of an organi,ation. In the present System, -rgani,ation do maintain a
person for the allocating and proper functioning of transportation .The .erson appointed
needs to look after the assigning and movement of cabs.Authorised person maintains the
transportation details in papers, which is a tedious task if any updations or changes need to be
done.
/etails are stored in .apers.
#aintenance is a huge problem.
0pdation, changes in details is a tedious task.
.erformance is not achieved up to the re(uirements.
2.2 Proposed ",ste-
In the .revious System,/etails are Stored #anually in papers,to share
the details between employees was a &inancial drawback. 0pdations in the details is a tedious
task.
1ut a new system was proposed to overcome the above drawbacks.
&unctionalities and advantages of proposed system are2
/ata is Centrali,ed which has overcome the Sharing problem in previous system.
As data is #aintained electronically, it's easy for a person to update the details, which
has overcome the tedious updation in previous system.
#aintenance is easy and performance is good.
#ainly the system has automated the Transportation .rocess.
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COOL CAB SERVICES
Chapter .
'easi/ilit, Report
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.. 'easi/ilit, Report
.reliminary investigation e$amine pro!ect feasibility, the likelihood the system
will be useful to the organi,ation. The main ob!ective of the feasibility study is to test the
Technical, -perational and +conomical feasibility for adding new modules and
debugging old running system. All system is feasible if they are unlimited resources and
infinite time. There are aspects in the feasibility study portion of the preliminary
investigation2
Technical &easibility
-peration &easibility
+conomical &easibility
..1. &echnical 'easi/ilit,
The technical issue usually raised during the feasibility stage of the investigation
includes the following2
/oes the necessary technology e$ist to do what is suggested3
/o the proposed e(uipments have the technical capacity to hold the data re(uired to
use the new system3
Will the proposed system provide ade(uate response to in(uiries, regardless of the
number or location of users3
Can the system be upgraded if developed3
Are there technical guarantees of accuracy, reliability, ease of access and data
security3
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+arlier no system e$isted to cater to the needs of 4Secure Infrastructure
Implementation System'. The current system developed is technically feasible. It is a web
based user interface for audit workflow at 5IC"CS/. Thus it provides an easy access to the
users. The database's purpose is to create, establish and maintain a workflow among various
entities in order to facilitate all concerned users in their various capacities or roles.
.ermission to the users would be granted based on the roles specified.
..2. Operational 'easi/ilit,
.roposed pro!ects are beneficial only if they can be turned out into information
system. That will meet the organi,ation's operating re(uirements. -perational feasibility
aspects of the pro!ect are to be taken as an important part of the pro!ect implementation.
Some of the important issues raised are to test the operational feasibility of a pro!ect includes
the following2 "
Is there sufficient support for the management from the users3
Will the system be used and work properly if it is being developed and implemented3
Will there be any resistance from the user that will undermine the possible application
benefits3
This system is targeted to be in accordance with the above"mentioned issues.
1eforehand, the management issues and user re(uirements have been taken into
consideration. So there is no (uestion of resistance from the users that can undermine the
possible application benefits.
.... !cono-ic 'easi/ilit,
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A system can be developed technically and that will be used if installed must still be a good
investment for the organi,ation. In the economical feasibility, the development cost in
creating the system is evaluated against the ultimate benefit derived from the new systems.
&inancial benefits must e(ual or e$ceed the costs.

Chapter 0
",ste- #nal,sis
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"oftware Re1uire-ent "pecification
Overview
We aim to become a pioneer in the vehicle rental industry by completely
focusing on customers, our employees, growth, innovation and efficiency. All of these
elements will drive us towards success and show us as one company that can perform and
give value for money. This Service will make A manager to think of whether the
transportation is e$pensive and maintaining (uality or not.
1. #d-in Module
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Admin is the Super user of the system, he is responsible for the creation and maintenance of
the accounts to the sytem.Admin is responsible for the creation of different kind of
managers.Admin looks after the maintenance of these accounts. e has a feature of getting
the password of a username ..
Tbl6Admin7ogin
AdminI/
0ser5ame
.assword
+mailI/
/epartment
Tbl6#anger
#angerI/
+mp5ame
Address
*ualification
/-1
8ender
.hone5o
+mailI/
/esignation
/epartment
/-9
Age
'unctionalities
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Associaton between Admin and #anager tables
Admin Creates the Accounts for different types of manager.
Admin 7ogins into the System
Admin Can view the login details and maintain these /etails
Admin can get the password to the 0sername.
2ueries
What is the .assword of 0sername3
What is the username of logged in 0ser3
What is the number of 0sers in the System3
What is the 0sername of the Admin3
#lerts
0sername Already +$ists
5ew 0ser account is successfully created
Invalid username or password
All fields Are #andatory
2. (R Mana+er
In )eal world,r manager is responsible for the human resources of employees in
an organi,ation.As Transportation is also an facilities provided to an employee, ) is
responsible for providing the transportation by cab .ere ) is #ainly used to register the
employees for the cab facility ,after registering employees,he is the person to make shifts and
1atches .Totally the functionalities of ) manager is to #aintain the +mployee, Shift details
and 1atch scheduling.
&/l3BatchDetails
1I/
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1atchI/
Total5o-f+mployees
ShiftI/
&/l3"hift&i-ein+
SI/
ShiftI/
Shift5ame
StartingTime
/ispatchTime
5o1atches
&/l3!-plo,eeDetails
+I/
+mpI/
+mp5ame
.Address
CAddess
*ualification
/-1
:ehicle)e(uire
8ender
.hone5o
/esignation
/epartment
/-9
Status
Age
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Time Span
Image .ath
&/l3"hift"chedule
SSI/
ShiftScheduleI/
+mpI/
/epartment
1atchI/
+mp5ame
ShiftI/
)outed
'unctionalities
Association +mployee and shift schedule
Association between shiftschedule and batch
Association between batch and Shift timing
Association between shiftschedule and shift timings
Adding employees and providing ids to the employees
Assigning shifts to the +mployees.
Assigning batches for the Shifts and employees.
2ueries
What is the +mployee id of an +mployee3
What is the total number of +mployees3
What is the 1atch id of an empid3
What is the total number of employees in a batch.3

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#lerts
0sername already e$ists
Invalid username and password.
)e"enter password not matching
All fields are mandatory
.. Maintenance Mana+er
#aintenance manager is one of the user in the system,main functionalities of this manager is
to add vehicles,drivers and vendors of the vehicles.#aintenance manager is responsible for
maintenance of the these details and making the spare parts billing to the vehicles. The
#aintenance manager is responsible for the Spare parts billing, registering the vehicles ,
drivers to the vehicles, mostly the vendor details and date of purchase of vehicles. These
details provide #anager whether the cabs are providing profit or loss.
&/l3DriverDetails
/:I/
/riverI/
5ame
Address
.hone5o
/-1
/-9
+$perience
7icence5o
Image.ath
5o-fAccident
&/l34ehicleDetails
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:I/
:ehicleI/
5ame
:enderI/
/riverI/
:ehicleType
)egistor5o
)ate;m
Capacity
)outed
Image.ath
&/l34enderDetails
:I/
:enderI/
:ender5ame
Address
.hone5o
+mailI/
)emarks
Image.ath
&/l3"parePartBiilin+
1ill5o
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:ehicleI/
SpareType
*uantity
1ill/ate
Spare.art
.rice
TotalAmount
&/l3"parePartsDetails
S.I/
Sparer.artI/
/ealer5ame
Spare.artType
*uantity
Spare.art
/ate-f.urchase
.rice
Amount.aid
'unctions
Association of drive details between vehicle details
Association between vehicle details and vendor details
Association between Sparepart billing and vehicle details
Adding driver to a vehicle
#aintaining the vendor details with wehicle details
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2ueries
What is the name of a driver to a vehicle
What is the number of drivers registered with company.
What is the vendor name of an vehicle
ow many vehicles are from an vendor
#lerts
/river5ame Should be Character
#obile5o /igits -nly
5o -f Accident Should be 5umbers
7icence 5o Should be Character or 5umbers
&irst5ame Should be Character
Reports
What are the :ehicles present in company
What are the details of drivers
0. Move-ent Mana+er
#ovement #anager is one kind of user in the system who is responsible for the creation of
/river shift details,route details.e is responsible for the :ehicle allocation and maintenance
of the tripsheets of the Cabs. ere #ovement #anager has facility to search shift details and
the )oute details.#ovement manager is not only to create but also responsible for the
maintenance of the driver shift details,route details ,trip sheets and :ehicle allocated details.
&/l3Driver"hiftDetails
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/SI/
/riverShiftI/
5ame
/riverI/
ShiftI/
Shift/ate
Shifting
&/l3RouteDetails
)TI/
)outed
)oute/escription
Source
/estination
&/l3&rip"heet
TI/
TripSheetI/
AllocationI/
:ehicleI/
)ate;#
;#
TotalAmount
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)emark
&/l34ehicle#llocationDetails
:AI/
:ehicleAllocationI/
:ehicleI/
+mployeeI/
/riverI/
.ickup/rop
)outed
:/ate
'unctionalities
Assocation between /riverShift/etails and driver details
Association between /riverShift/etails and shift timing
Association between )oute details and :ehicle allocation table
Association between Tripsheet and :ehicle allocation table
Association between tripsheet and vehicle details
#aintaining the /rivers,shifts,routes and trip sheet details
2ueries
What is the trip id of a vehicle
What is the speed of an vehicle
What is the route of an vehicle
What is the name of an driver id
#lerts
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/river5ame Should be Character
)oute/escription Should be Character
Source Should be Character
5o /ata &ound
Reports
What are the details of :ehicleAllocated to a person
What are the Shift/etails of an driver
What are the )oute/etails of a trip
What are the vehicles in a TripSheet
What are the details of :ehicleAllocated
5. 'inance Mana+er
&inance #anager is a type of user in the system, he is responsible for the cost estimation of
the vendor,vehicle billing and viewing the feedbacks posted by the employees on the events
as accidents and the driving nature of a particular cab.The &eedbacl posted by employers give
the (uality and performance of the cabs,by this result managers get a chance to improve the
performance of the transportation to get profits.
&/l34ehicleBillin+&ransction
1I/
1ill5o
:ehicleI/
Amount
/ate-f1illing
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:enderI/
/eduction
5etAmount
&/l3'eedBac6'ro-
&1I/
&eed1ackI/
+mpI/
:ehicleI/
/riverI/
)emarks
'unctionalities:
Association between :ehicle billing and vehicle details
Association between :ehicle billing and :endor details
Association between feedback and employee details
Association between feedback and vehicles
#aintaining the feedback and vehicle details
2ueries
What is the amount of an vehicle id3
What is the vendor id of an vehicle3
What is the feedback an vehicle3
#lerts
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:endor re(uired
/eduction /igits -nly
Reports
What are the feedbacks to an vehicle
What are the billing details of an vehicle.
7. 2ualit, #ssurance Mana+er
*uality Assurance #anager is a user in the System,e is responsible for the #aintaining the
*uality in the transportation, to provide *uality he checks the performance by maintaining
the feedbacks from employees and the accident details of the Cab. ere *uality Assurance
#anager is responsible for inserting and maintaining the Accident details, by this details he
re(uests for the finance manager to provide the Amount to the damage .Thus by amintaing all
these details,*uality Assurance manager can give the *uality transportation facility to its
employees.
&/l3#ccidentDetails
A/I/
AccidentI/
:ehicleI/
A/ate
ATime
)emarks
'unctionalities
Association between vehicles and accident
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#aintaining the accident details
2ueries
What is the vehicle id of an accident had
What is the vendor id of an vehicle
#lerts
)eentered password doesn't match
Invalid user and password
0.28 (ardware Re1uire-ents
.< =.>81 processor and above.
)am ?@= #1 and above.
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// =A 81 ard /isk and above.
0..8 "oftware Re1uire-ents
o #icrosoft .5et framework =.A
o #icrosoft AS..5et, T#7
o A9AB Tool kit.
o #icrosoft CC.5et language
o #icrosoft S(lServer =AAA and above.
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Chapter 5
",ste- Desi+n
5.1. Module desi+n:
Software design sits at the technical kernel of the software engineering process and is
applied regardless of the development paradigm and area of application. /esign is the first
step in the development phase for any engineered product or system. The designer's goal is to
produce a model or representation of an entity that will later be built. 1eginning, once system
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re(uirement have been specified and analy,ed, system design is the first of the three technical
activities "design, code and test that is re(uired to build and verify software.
The importance can be stated with a single word D*ualityE. /esign is the place where
(uality is fostered in software development. /esign provides us with representations of
software that can assess for (uality. /esign is the only way that we can accurately translate a
customer's view into a finished software product or system. Software design serves as a
foundation for all the software engineering steps that follow. Without a strong design we risk
building an unstable system F one that will be difficult to test, one whose (uality cannot be
assessed until the last stage.
/uring design, progressive refinement of data structure, program structure, and
procedural details are developed reviewed and documented. System design can be viewed
from either technical or pro!ect management perspective. &rom the technical point of view,
design is comprised of four activities F architectural design, data structure design, interface
design and procedural design.
5.2. D#&# 'O9 DI#:R#M"
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A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and analy,e movement of data
through a system. These are the central tool and the basis from which the other components
are developed. The transformation of data from input to output, through processed, may be
described logically and independently of physical components associated with the system.
These are known as the logical data flow diagrams. The physical data flow diagrams show
the actual implements and movement of data between people, departments and workstations.
A full description of a system actually consists of a set of data flow diagrams. 0sing two
familiar notations Gourdon, 8ane and Sarson notation develops the data flow diagrams. +ach
component in a /&/ is labeled with a descriptive name. .rocess is further identified with a
number that will be used for identification purpose. The development of /&/'S is done in
several levels. +ach process in lower level diagrams can be broken down into a more
detailed /&/ in the ne$t level. The lop"level diagram is often called conte$t diagram. It
consists a single process bit, which plays vital role in studying the current system. The
process in the conte$t level diagram is e$ploded into other process at the first level /&/.
The idea behind the e$plosion of a process into more process is that understanding at
one level of detail is e$ploded into greater detail at the ne$t level. This is done until further
e$plosion is necessary and an ade(uate amount of detail is described for analyst to understand
the process.
7arry Constantine first developed the /&/ as a way of e$pressing system
re(uirements in a graphical from, this lead to the modular design.
A /&/ is also known as a Dbubble ChartE has the purpose of clarifying system
re(uirements and identifying ma!or transformations that will become programs in system
design. So it is the starting point of the design to the lowest level of detail. A /&/ consists
of a series of bubbles !oined by data flows in the system.
D'D ";MBO":
In the /&/, there are four symbols
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@. A s(uare defines a sourceHoriginatorI or destination of system data
=. An arrow identifies data flow. It is the pipeline through which the information flows
J. A circle or a bubble represents a process that transforms incoming data flow into outgoing
data flows.
<. An open rectangle is a data store, data at rest or a temporary repository of data
.rocess that transforms data flow.
Source or /estination of data
/ata flow
/ata Store
CO$"&R%C&I$: # D'D:
Several rules of thumb are used in drawing /&/'S2
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@. .rocess should be named and numbered for an easy reference. +ach name should be
representative of the process.
=. The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right. /ata traditionally flow
from source to the destination although they may flow back to the source. -ne way to
indicate this is to draw long flow line back to a source. An alternative way is to repeat the
source symbol as a destination. Since it is used more than once in the /&/ it is marked
with a short diagonal.
J. When a process is e$ploded into lower level details, they are numbered.
<. The names of data stores and destinations are written in capital letters. .rocess and
dataflow names have the first letter of each work capitali,ed
A /&/ typically shows the minimum contents of data store. +ach data store should
contain all the data elements that flow in and out.
"#I!$& '!#&%R!" O' D'D<"
@. The /&/ shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision are controlled
considerations do not appear on a /&/.
=. The /&/ does not indicate the time factor involved in any process whether the dataflow
take place daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.
J. The se(uence of events is not brought out on the /&/.
&;P!" O' D#&# 'O9 DI#:R#M"
@. Current .hysical
=. Current 7ogical
J. 5ew 7ogical
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<. 5ew .hysical
C%RR!$& P(;"IC#:
In Current .hysical /&/ process label include the name of people or their positions
or the names of computer systems that might provide some of the overall system"processing
label includes an identification of the technology used to process the data. Similarly data
flows and data stores are often labels with the names of the actual physical media on which
data are stored such as file folders, computer files, business forms or computer tapes.
C%RR!$& O:IC#:
The physical aspects at the system are removed as much as possible so that the current
system is reduced to its essence to the data and the processors that transform them regardless
of actual physical form.
$!9 O:IC#2
This is e$actly like a current logical model if the user were completely happy with the
user were completely happy with the functionality of the current system but had problems
with how it was implemented typically through the new logical model will differ from current
logical model while having additional functions, absolute function removal and inefficient
flows recogni,ed.
$!9 P(;"IC#:
The new physical represents only the physical implementation of the new system.
R%!" :O4!R$I$: &(! D'D<"
PROC!""
@I 5o process can have only outputs.
=I 5o process can have only inputs. If an ob!ect has only inputs than it must be a sink.
JI A process has a verb phrase label.
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D#&# "&OR!
@I /ata cannot move directly from one data store to another data store, a process must move
data.
=I /ata cannot move directly from an outside source to a data store, a process, which
receives, must move data from the source and place the data into data store
JI A data store has a noun phrase label.
"O%RC! OR "I$=
The origin and Kor destination of data.
@I /ata cannot move direly from a source to sink it must be moved by a process
=I A source and Kor sink has a noun phrase land
D#&# 'O9
@I A /ata &low has only one direction of flow between symbols. It may flow in both
directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update. The later
is usually indicated however by two separate arrows since these happen at different type.
=I A !oin in /&/ means that e$actly the same data comes from any of two or more different
processes data store or sink to a common location.
JI A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leads. There must be at least
one other process that handles the data flow produce some other data flow returns the
original data into the beginning process.
<I A /ata flow to a data store means update Hdelete or changeI.
?I A data &low from a data store means retrieve or use.
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A data flow has a noun phrase label more than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a
single arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.
7evel A /iagram2
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Admin
User
Cool Cab
Services

User
Admin
Cool Cab
Services
7evel @ /iagram Admin2
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Admin
Maintanance
Manager
HR
Manager
Movement
Manager
Finance
Manager
Quality
Assurance
Manager
Valid Id &
Passord
Register
Id & Password

InValid Id &
Password
!"
7evel = /iagram #aintenance manager2
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Maintenance
Manager
Valid Id&
Passord
!river
!etails
Vendor
!etails
Ve#icle
!etails
S$are $art
!etails
S$are $art
"illing
Maintain
!"
Id & Password
Invalid Id&
Password
7evel = /iagram #ovement manager2
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Movement
Manager
Valid Id&
Passord
Route
!etails
!river
S#i%t
!etails
S#i%t
Searc#
!"
Id & Password
Invalid Id&
Password
Route
Searc#
Vehicle
Search
Ve#icle
Allocation
&ri$
S#eet
Maintain
7evel = /iagram &inance manager2
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Finance
Manager
Valid Id&
Passord
Ve#icle
"illing
Vie
Pro%ile
!"
Id & Password
Invalid Id&
Password
Vendor
"illing
Maintain
7evel = /iagram *uality Assurance manager2
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Quality
Assurance
Manager
Valid Id&
Passord
Accident
!etails
Vie
Pro%ile
!"
Id & Password
Invalid Id&
Password
Feed "ac'
Maintain
5..%M Dia+ra-s
%se Case:
#d-in:
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Admin
(ogin
Maintain
Account
!etails
Create
Accounts
) #anager2
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Shift Timing
Information
Shift Shedule
Information
Batch Details
View Hr manager
profile
HR Manager
mplo!ee
Information
#aintenance #anager2
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Maintenance
Manager
Drier
Details
Vendor
Details
Vehicle
Details
spare part
Details
spare part
"illing
#ovement #anager2
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Movement
Manager
Route
Details
Vehicle
search
Driver shift
Details
Route
search
shift
search
Vehicle
#llocation
Trip
Sheert
&inance #anager2
$inance
Manager
Vehicle
Billing
Vendor
Billing
View
Profile
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*uality Assurance #anager2
%ualit!
#ssurance
Manager
#ccident
Details
$eed "ac&
View
Profile
Se(uence /iagram2
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Admin HR Manager
Maintenance
Manager
Movement
Manager
Finance
Manager
Quality
Assurance
Manager
Register
Register
Register
Register
Register
Maintain mp
Details Maintain
VehicleDetails
Shift'Route
Details
Billing Details
#ccident Details

Class /iagram2
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#dmin
(sr Id
Password
Register #ccounts
View Details
Maintanance
Manager
(ser Id
Password
Driver Details
Vendor Details
Vehicle Details
Spare part details
spare part "illing
Movement
Manager
(ser Id
Password
Route Details
Route Search
Driver Shft Details
VehicleSearch
Shift Details
$inance Manager
(ser Id
Password
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vendor "illing
View Profile
%ualit! #ssurance
Manager
(ser Id
Password
#ccident Details
$eed Bac&
View Profile
HR Manager
(ser Id
Password
mpInformation
Shift Timing info
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information
Batch Details
State Chart /iagram2
Dept of CSE Page 47
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#dmin
mplo!ee
$eed Bac&
provide *a"
Services
Register
5.0 DB D!"I:$
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!ntities
Tbl6Accident/etails
Tbl6Admin7ogin
Tbl61atch/etails
Tbl6/river/etails
Tbl6/riverShift/etails
Tbl6+mployee/etails
Tbl6&eed1ack&rom
Tbl6#anger
Tbl6)oute/etails
Tbl6ShiftSchedule
Tbl6ShiftTiming
Tbl6Spare.art1iiling
Tbl6Spare.arts/etails
Tbl6TripSheet
Tbl6:ehicleAllocation/etails
Tbl6:ehicle1illingTransction
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Tbl6:ehicle/etails
Tbl6:ender/etails
tblAdmin5ew7ogin
+) /iagrams
Dept of CSE Page 50
Admin
Manager
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AdminID
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Dept of CSE Page 51
,*i%!
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Dept of CSE Page 52
,*i%! ,*ed$le ,*i%!
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Dept of CSE Page 53
Dri0er 1e*i&le
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Dept of CSE Page 54
1e*i&le 1endor
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Dept of CSE Page 55
Dri0er ,*i%!
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Dept of CSE Page 56
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Dept of CSE Page 58
1e*i&le
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Dept of CSE Page 59
1e*i&le A&&iden!
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D#&# DIC&IO$#R;
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"n
o
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1 #DID int Pri-ar, 6e,
2 #ccidentID varchar>5?
8
'= &/l3accident details
. 4ehicleID varchar>5?
8
'= 4ehicle details
0 #Date varchar>5? #llow $ull
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8
5 #&i-e varchar>5?
8
#llow $ull
7 Re-ar6s varchar>5?
8
#llow $ull
&/l3#d-ino+in
"no Colu-nna-e Datat,pe Constraint reference
1 #d-inID varchar>5?8 Pri-ar, 6e,
2 %ser$a-e varchar>5?8 $ot null
. Password varchar>5?8 $otnull
0 !-ailID varchar>5?8 #llow null
5 Depart-ent varchar>5?8 $ot null
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o
1 D4ID int Pri-ar, 6e,
2 DriverID varchar>5?
8
#llow null
. $a-e varchar>5? #llow null
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8
0 #ddress varchar>5?
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#llow null
5 Phone$o varchar>5?
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#llow null
7 DOB Dateti-e #llow null
@ DO) dateti-e #llow null
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1? I-a+ePath varchar>5?
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7 "hiftDate dateti-e $ot null
@ "hiftin+ varchar>5?
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&/l3!-plo,eeDetails
1 !ID int P=
2 !-pID varchar>5?8 $otnull
. !-p$a-e varchar>5?8 $otnull
0 P#ddress varchar>5?8 $otnull
5 C#ddess varchar>5?8 #llownull
7 2ualification varchar>5?8 $otnull
@ DOB dateti-e #llownull
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B :ender varchar>5?8 #llownull
1? Phone$o varchar>5?8 $otnull
11 Desi+nation varchar>5?8 $otnull
12 Depart-ent varchar>5?8 $otnull
1. DO) dateti-e #llownull
10 "tatus varchar>5?8 $otnull
15 #+e varchar>5?8 #llownull
17 &i-e"pan varchar>5?8 $otnull
1@ I-a+ePath varchar>5?8 #llownull
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"n
o
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2 'eedBac6ID varchar>5?
8
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. !-pID varchar>5?
8
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0 4ehicleID varchar>5?
8
'= &B 4ehicle
8
'= &/l3Driver details
7 Re-ar6s varchar>5?
8
$ot $%ll
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&/l3Man+er
"n
o
Colu-nna-e Datat,pe Constraint Reference
1 Man+erID varchar>5?
8
P=
2 !-p$a-e varchar>5?
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8
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7 :ender varchar>5?
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1? Depart-ent varchar>5?
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$otnull
11 DO) Dateti-e $otnull
12 #+e int $otnull
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&/l3RouteDetails
1 R&ID Int P=
2 Routed varchar>5?
8
$ot$%
. RouteDescription varchar>5?
8
$ot$%
0 "ource varchar>5?
8
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5 Destination varchar>5?
8
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t
reference
1 ""ID int P=
2 "hift"chduleI
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varchar>5?
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8
'= &/l3!-plo,ee
0 Depart-ent varchar>5?
8
$otnull
5 BatchID varchar>5? '= &/l3/atchdetails
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8
7 !-p$a-e varchar>5?
8
$otnull
@ "hiftID varchar>5?
8
'= &/l3"hiftdetails
A Routed varchar>5?
8
'= &/l3Routedetails
&/l3"hift&i-ein+
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0 "tartin+&i-e varchar>5?
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5 Dispatch&i-e varchar>5?
8
$ot$ull
7 $oBatches varchar>5?
8
$ot$ull
&/l3"parePartBiilin+
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"n
o
1 Bill$o varchar>5?
8
P=
8
'= &/l34ehicledetails
. "pare&,pe varchar>5?
8
$otnull
0 2uantit, Int $otnull
5 BillDate varchar>5?
8
$otnull
7 "parePart varchar>5?
8
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@ Price Int $otnull
A &otal#-ount int $otnull
&/l3"parePartsDetails
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1 "PID Int P=
2 "parerPartID varchar>5?
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$ot$ull
. Dealer$a-e varchar>5?
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0 "parePart&,pe varchar>5?
8
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5 2uantit, varchar>5? $ot$ull
Dept of CSE Page 68
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8
7 "parePart varchar>5?
8
$ot$ull
@ DateOfPurchas
e
dateti-e $ot$ull
A Price varchar>5?
8
$ot$ull
B #-ountPaid varchar>5?
8
$ot$ull
&/l3&rip"heet
"n
o
Colu-nna-e Datat,pe Constraint Datat,pe
1 &ID int P=
2 &rip"heetID varchar>5? $ot $%ll
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8
. #llocationID varchar>5?
8
'= &/l34ehicle#llocation
8
'= &/l34ehicle details
5 Rate=M varchar>5?
8
$ot $%ll
7 =M varchar>5?
8
$ot $ull
@ &otal#-ount int $ot $ull
A Re-ar6 varchar>5?
8
$ot $ull
&/l34ehicle#llocationDetails
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"n
o
1 4#ID int P=
2 4ehicle#llocationID varchar>5?
8
$ot
$%
. 4ehicleID varchar>5?
8
'6 &/l34ehicle details
0 !-plo,eeID varchar>5?
8
'= &/l3!-plo,ee
details
8
'= &/l3DriverDetails
7 Pic6upDrop varchar>5?
8
$ot
$%
@ Routed int $ot
$%
A 4Date varchar>5?
8
$ot
$%
&/l34ehicleDetails
"n
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1 4(ID int P=
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8
$ot $ull
. $a-e varchar>5?
8
$ot $ull
0 4enderID varchar>5?
8
$ot $ull
8
$ot $ull
7 4ehicle&,pe varchar>5?
8
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@ Re+istor$o varchar>5?
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A Rate=- varchar>5?
8
$ot $ull
B Capacit, varchar>5?
8
$ot $ull
1? Routed int $ot $ull
&/l34enderDetails
1 4ID Int P=
2 4enderID varchar>5?8 $ot$ull
. 4ender$a-e varchar>5?8 $ot$ull
0 #ddress varchar>5?8 $ot$ull
5 Phone$o varchar>5?8 $ot$ull
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Chapter 7
I-ple-entation of Project
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Description of &echnolo+, %sed in Project.
7.1. I$&ROD%C&IO$ &O .$!& 'ra-ewor6
The .5+T &ramework is a new computing platform that simplifies application development
in the highly distributed environment of the Internet. The .5+T &ramework is designed to
fulfill the following ob!ectives2
To provide a consistent ob!ect"oriented programming environment whether ob!ect code is
stored and e$ecuted locally, e$ecuted locally but Internet"distributed, or e$ecuted
remotely.
To provide a code"e$ecution environment that minimi,es software deployment and
versioning conflicts.
To provide a code"e$ecution environment that guarantees safe e$ecution of code,
including code created by an unknown or semi"trusted third party.
To provide a code"e$ecution environment that eliminates the performance problems of
scripted or interpreted environments.
To make the developer e$perience consistent across widely varying types of applications,
such as Windows"based applications and Web"based applications.
To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on the .5+T
&ramework can integrate with any other code.
The .5+T &ramework can be hosted by unmanaged components that load the common
language runtime into their processes and initiate the e$ecution of managed code, thereby
creating a software environment that can e$ploit both managed and unmanaged features. The
.5+T &ramework not only provides several runtime hosts, but also supports the development
of third"party runtime hosts..
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'!#&%R!" O' &(! COMMO$ #$:%#:! R%$&IM!
The common language runtime manages memory, thread e$ecution, code e$ecution,
code safety verification, compilation, and other system services. These features are intrinsic
to the managed code that runs on the common language runtime.
With regards to security, managed components are awarded varying degrees of trust,
depending on a number of factors that include their origin Hsuch as the Internet, enterprise
network, or local computerI. This means that a managed component might or might not be
able to perform file"access operations, registry"access operations, or other sensitive
functions, even if it is being used in the same active application.
The runtime enforces code access security. &or e$ample, users can trust that an
e$ecutable embedded in a Web page can play an animation on screen or sing a song, but
cannot access their personal data, file system, or network. The security features of the
runtime thus enable legitimate Internet"deployed software to be e$ceptionally featuring rich.
The runtime also enforces code robustness by implementing a strict type" and code"
verification infrastructure called the common type system HCTSI. The CTS ensures that all
managed code is self"describing. The various #icrosoft and third"party language compilers
8enerate managed code that conforms to the CTS. This means that managed code
can consume other managed types and instances, while strictly enforcing type fidelity and
type safety.
In addition, the managed environment of the runtime eliminates many common
software issues. &or e$ample, the runtime automatically handles ob!ect layout and manages
references to ob!ects, releasing them when they are no longer being used. This automatic
memory management resolves the two most common application errors, memory leaks and
invalid memory references.
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The runtime also accelerates developer productivity. &or e$ample, programmers can
write applications in their development language of choice, yet take full advantage of the
runtime, the class library, and components written in other languages by other developers.
.$!& 'R#M!9OR= C#"" IBR#R;
The .5+T &ramework class library is a collection of reusable types that tightly
integrate with the common language runtime. The class library is ob!ect oriented, providing
types from which your own managed code can derive functionality. This not only makes
the .5+T &ramework types easy to use, but also reduces the time associated with learning
new features of the .5+T &ramework. In addition, third"party components can integrate
seamlessly with classes in the .5+T &ramework.
&or e$ample, the .5+T &ramework collection classes implement a set of interfaces
that you can use to develop your own collection classes. Gour collection classes will blend
seamlessly with the classes in the .5+T &ramework.
As you would e$pect from an ob!ect"oriented class library, the .5+T &ramework
types enable you to accomplish a range of common programming tasks, including tasks such
as string management, data collection, database connectivity, and file access. In addition to
these common tasks, the class library includes types that support a variety of speciali,ed
development scenarios. &or e$ample, you can use the .5+T &ramework to develop the
mentioned types of applications and services2
i. Console applications.
ii. Scripted or hosted applications.
iii. Windows 80I applications HWindows &ormsI.
iv. AS..5+T applications.
v. B#7 Web services.
vi. Windows services.
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&or e$ample, the Windows &orms classes are a comprehensive set of reusable types
that vastly simplify Windows 80I development. If you write an AS..5+T Web &orm
application, you can use the Web &orms classes.
CI!$& #PPIC#&IO$ D!4!OPM!$&
Client applications are the closest to a traditional style of application in Windows"
based programming. These are the types of applications that display windows or forms on
the desktop, enabling a user to perform a task. Client applications include applications such
as word processors and spreadsheets, as well as custom business applications such as data"
entry tools, reporting tools, and so on. Client applications usually employ windows, menus,
buttons, and other 80I elements, and they likely access local resources such as the file
system and peripherals such as printers.
Another kind of client application is the traditional ActiveB control Hnow replaced by
the managed Windows &orms controlI deployed over the Internet as a Web page. This
application is much like other client applications2 it is e$ecuted natively, has access to local
resources, and includes graphical elements.
In the past, developers created such applications using CKCLL in con!unction with the
#icrosoft &oundation Classes H#&CI or with a rapid application development H)A/I
environment such as #icrosoftM :isual 1asicM. The .5+T &ramework incorporates aspects
of these e$isting products into a single, consistent development environment that drastically
simplifies the development of client applications.
The Windows &orms classes contained in the .5+T &ramework are designed to be
used for 80I development. Gou can easily create command windows, buttons, menus,
toolbars, and other screen elements with the fle$ibility necessary to accommodate shifting
business needs.
&or e$ample, the .5+T &ramework provides simple properties to ad!ust visual
attributes associated with forms. In some cases the underlying operating system does not
support changing these attributes directly, and in these cases the .5+T &ramework
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automatically recreates the forms. This is one of many ways in which the .5+T &ramework
integrates the developer interface, making coding simpler and more consistent.
7.2 #"P.$!&
"erver #pplication Develop-ent
Server"side applications in the managed world are implemented through runtime
hosts. 0nmanaged applications host the common language runtime, which allows your
custom managed code to control the behavior of the server. This model provides you with all
the features of the common language runtime and class library while gaining the
performance and scalability of the host server.
The following illustration shows a basic network schema with managed code running
in different server environments. Servers such as IIS and S*7 Server can perform standard
operations while your application logic e$ecutes through the managed code.
"!R4!RC"ID! M#$#:!D COD!
AS..5+T is the hosting environment that enables developers to use the .5+T
&ramework to target Web"based applications. owever, AS..5+T is more than !ust a
runtime hostN it is a complete architecture for developing Web sites and Internet"distributed
ob!ects using managed code. 1oth Web &orms and B#7 Web services use IIS and
AS..5+T as the publishing mechanism for applications, and both have a collection of
supporting classes in the .5+T &ramework.
B#7 Web services, an important evolution in Web"based technology, are
distributed, server"side application components similar to common Web sites. owever,
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unlike Web"based applications, B#7 Web services components have no 0I and are not
targeted for browsers such as Internet +$plorer and 5etscape 5avigator. Instead, B#7 Web
services consist of reusable software components designed to be consumed by other
applications, such as traditional client applications, Web"based applications, or even other
B#7 Web services. As a result, B#7 Web services technology is rapidly moving
application development and deployment into the highly distributed environment of the
Internet.
#C&I4! "!R4!R P#:!".$!&
AS..5+T is a programming framework built on the common language runtime that
can be used on a server to build powerful Web applications. AS..5+T offers several
important advantages over previous Web development models2
!nhanced Perfor-ance. AS..5+T is compiled common language runtime code
running on the server. 0nlike its interpreted predecessors, AS..5+T can take advantage
of early binding, !ust"in"time compilation, native optimi,ation, and caching services right
out of the bo$. This amounts to dramatically better performance before you ever write a
line of code.
9orldCClass &ool "upport. The AS..5+T framework is complemented by a
rich toolbo$ and designer in the :isual Studio integrated development environment.
WGSIWG8 editing, drag"and"drop server controls, and automatic deployment are !ust a
few of the features this powerful tool provides.
Power and 'le*i/ilit,. 1ecause AS..5+T is based on the common language
runtime, the power and fle$ibility of that entire platform is available to Web application
developers. The .5+T &ramework class library, #essaging, and /ata Access solutions
are all seamlessly accessible from the Web. AS..5+T is also language"independent, so
you can choose the language that best applies to your application or partition your
application across many languages. &urther, common language runtime interoperability
guarantees that your e$isting investment in C-#"based development is preserved when
migrating to AS..5+T.
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"i-plicit,. AS..5+T makes it easy to perform common tasks, from simple form
submission and client authentication to deployment and site configuration. &or e$ample,
the AS..5+T page framework allows you to build user interfaces that cleanly separate
application logic from presentation code and to handle events in a simple, :isual 1asic "
like forms processing model. Additionally, the common language runtime simplifies
development, with managed code services such as automatic reference counting and
garbage collection.
Mana+ea/ilit,. AS..5+T employs a te$t"based, hierarchical configuration system,
which simplifies applying settings to your server environment and Web applications.
1ecause configuration information is stored as plain te$t, new settings may be applied
without the aid of local administration tools. This O,ero local administrationO philosophy
e$tends to deploying AS..5+T &ramework applications as well. An AS..5+T
&ramework application is deployed to a server simply by copying the necessary files to
the server. 5o server restart is re(uired, even to deploy or replace running compiled code.
"cala/ilit, and #vaila/ilit,. AS..5+T has been designed with scalability in
mind, with features specifically tailored to improve performance in clustered and
multiprocessor environments. &urther, processes are closely monitored and managed by
the AS..5+T runtime, so that if one misbehaves Hleaks, deadlocksI, a new process can be
created in its place, which helps keep your application constantly available to handle
re(uests.
Custo-iDa/ilit, and !*tensi/ilit,. AS..5+T delivers a well"factored
architecture that allows developers to Oplug"inO their code at the appropriate level. In fact,
it is possible to e$tend or replace any subcomponent of the AS..5+T runtime with your
own custom"written component. Implementing custom authentication or state services has
never been easier.
"ecurit,. With built in Windows authentication and per"application configuration,
you can be assured that your applications are secure.
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#$:%#:! "%PPOR&
The #icrosoft .5+T .latform currently offers built"in support for three languages2
CC, :isual 1asic, and 9Script.
9(#& I" #"P.$!& 9!B 'ORM"E
The AS..5+T Web &orms page framework is a scalable common language runtime
programming model that can be used on the server to dynamically generate Web pages.
COD!CB!(I$D 9!B 'ORM"
AS..5+T supports two methods of authoring dynamic pages. The first is the method
shown in the preceding samples, where the page code is physically declared within the
originating .asp$ file. An alternative approach""known as the code"behind method""enables
the page code to be more cleanly separated from the T#7 content into an entirely separate
file.
I$&ROD%C&IO$ &O #"P.$!& "!R4!R CO$&RO"
In addition to Hor instead ofI using PQ QR code blocks to program dynamic content,
AS..5+T page developers can use AS..5+T server controls to program Web pages. Server
controls are declared within an .asp$ file using custom tags or intrinsic T#7 tags that
contain a runatFGserverG attributes value. Intrinsic T#7 tags are handled by one of the
controls in the ",ste-.9e/.%I.(t-lControls namespace. Any tag that doesn%t e$plicitly
map to one of the controls is assigned the type of
",ste-.9e/.%I.(t-lControls.(t-l:enericControl.
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Server controls automatically maintain any client"entered values between round trips
to the server. This control state is not stored on the server Hit is instead stored within an
Hinput t,peFGhiddenGI form field that is round"tripped between re(uestsI. 5ote also that
no client"side script is re(uired.
In addition to supporting standard T#7 input controls, AS..5+T enables
developers to utili,e richer custom controls on their pages. &or e$ample, the following
sample demonstrates how the Hasp:adrotatorI control can be used to dynamically display
rotating ads on a page.
@. AS..5+T Web &orms provide an easy and powerful way to build dynamic Web 0I.
=. AS..5+T Web &orms pages can target any browser client Hthere are no script library or
cookie re(uirementsI.
J. AS..5+T Web &orms pages provide synta$ compatibility with e$isting AS. pages.
<. AS..5+T server controls provide an easy way to encapsulate common functionality.
7.. CJ.$!&
#DO.$!& O4!R4I!9
A/-.5+T is an evolution of the A/- data access model that directly addresses user
re(uirements for developing scalable applications. It was designed specifically for the web
with scalability, statelessness, and B#7 in mind.
A/-.5+T uses some A/- ob!ects, such as the Connection and Co--and ob!ects, and
also introduces new ob!ects. ;ey new A/-.5+T ob!ects include the Data"et, DataReader,
and Data#dapter.
The important distinction between this evolved stage of A/-.5+T and previous data
architectures is that there e$ists an ob!ect "" the Data"et "" that is separate and distinct from
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any data stores. 1ecause of that, the Data"et functions as a standalone entity. Gou can think
of the /ataSet as an always disconnected recordset that knows nothing about the source or
destination of the data it contains. Inside a Data"et, much like in a database, there are tables,
columns, relationships, constraints, views, and so forth.
A Data#dapter is the ob!ect that connects to the database to fill the Data"et. Then,
it connects back to the database to update the data there, based on operations performed
while the Data"et held the data. In the past, data processing has been primarily connection"
based. 5ow, in an effort to make multi"tiered apps more efficient, data processing is turning
to a message"based approach that revolves around chunks of information. At the center of
this approach is the Data#dapter, which provides a bridge to retrieve and save data between
a Data"et and its source data store. It accomplishes this by means of re(uests to the
appropriate S*7 commands made against the data store.
The B#7"based Data"et ob!ect provides a consistent programming model that
works with all models of data storage2 flat, relational, and hierarchical. It does this by having
no %knowledge% of the source of its data, and by representing the data that it holds as
Connections. &or connection to and managing transactions against a database.
Co--ands. &or issuing S*7 commands against a database.
DataReaders. &or reading a forward"only stream of data records from a S*7 Server
data source.
Data"ets. &or storing, )emoting and programming against flat data, B#7 data and
relational data.
Data#dapters. &or pushing data into a Data"et, and reconciling data against a
database.
When dealing with connections to a database, there are two different options2 S*7
Server .5+T /ata .rovider HSystem./ata.S(lClientI and -7+ /1 .5+T /ata .rovider
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HSystem./ata.-le/bI. In these samples we will use the S*7 Server .5+T /ata .rovider.
These are written to talk directly to #icrosoft S*7 Server. The -7+ /1 .5+T /ata
.rovider is used to talk to any -7+ /1 provider Has it uses -7+ /1 underneathI.
Connections:
Connections are used to %talk to% databases, and are represented by provider"specific
classes such as "1lConnection. Commands travel over connections and resultsets are
returned in the form of streams which can be read by a DataReader ob!ect, or pushed into a
Data"et ob!ect.
Co--ands:
Commands contain the information that is submitted to a database, and are
represented by provider"specific classes such as "1lCo--and. A command can be a stored
procedure call, an 0./AT+ statement, or a statement that returns results. Gou can also use
input and output parameters, and return values as part of your command synta$. The
e$ample below shows how to issue an I5S+)T statement against the $orthwind database.
DataReaders:
The DataReader ob!ect is somewhat synonymous with a read"onlyKforward"only
cursor over data. The DataReader A.I supports flat as well as hierarchical data. A
DataReader ob!ect is returned after e$ecuting a command against a database. The format of
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the returned DataReader ob!ect is different from a recordset. &or e$ample, you might use
the DataReader to show the results of a search list in a web page.
D#&#"!&" #$D D#&##D#P&!R":
Data"ets
The Data"et ob!ect is similar to the A/- Recordset ob!ect, but more
powerful, and with one other important distinction2 the Data"et is always disconnected. The
Data"et ob!ect represents a cache of data, with database"like structures such as tables,
columns, relationships, and constraints. owever, though a Data"et can and does behave
much like a database, it is important to remember that Data"et ob!ects do not interact
directly with databases, or other source data. This allows the developer to work with a
programming model that is always consistent, regardless of where the source data resides.
/ata coming from a database, an B#7 file, from code, or user input can all be placed into
Data"et ob!ects. Then, as changes are made to the Data"et they can be tracked and verified
before updating the source data. The :etChan+es method of the Data"et ob!ect actually
creates a second Dat"et that contains only the changes to the data. This Data"et is then used
by a Data#dapter Hor other ob!ectsI to update the original data source.
The Data"et has many B#7 characteristics, including the ability to produce and consume
B#7 data and B#7 schemas. B#7 schemas can be used to describe schemas interchanged
via WebServices. In fact, a Data"et with a schema can actually be compiled for type safety
and statement completion.
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D#&##D#P&!R" >O!DBK"28
The Data#dapter ob!ect works as a bridge between the Data"et and the source data.
0sing the provider"specific "1lData#dapter Halong with its associated "1lCo--and and
"1lConnectionI can increase overall performance when working with a #icrosoft S*7
Server databases. &or other -7+ /1"supported databases, you would use the
OleD/Data#dapter ob!ect and its associated OleD/Co--and and OleD/Connection
ob!ects.
The Data#dapter ob!ect uses commands to update the data source after changes have
been made to the Data"et. 0sing the 'ill method of the Data#dapter calls the S+7+CT
commandN using the %pdate method calls the I5S+)T, 0./AT+ or /+7+T+ command for
each changed row. Gou can e$plicitly set these commands in order to control the statements
used at runtime to resolve changes, including the use of stored procedures. &or ad"hoc
scenarios, a Co--andBuilder ob!ect can generate these at run"time based upon a select
statement. owever, this run"time generation re(uires an e$tra round"trip to the server in
order to gather re(uired metadata, so e$plicitly providing the I5S+)T, 0./AT+, and
/+7+T+ commands at design time will result in better run"time performance.
@. A/-.5+T is the ne$t evolution of A/- for the .5et &ramework.
=. A/-.5+T was created with n"Tier, statelessness and B#7 in the forefront. Two new
ob!ects, the Data"et and Data#dapter, are provided for these scenarios.
J. A/-.5+T can be used to get data from a stream, or to store data in a cache for
updates.
<. There is a lot more information about A/-.5+T in the documentation.
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?. )emember, you can e$ecute a command directly against the database in order to do
inserts, updates, and deletes. Gou don%t need to first put data into a Data"et in order to
insert, update, or delete it.
S. Also, you can use a Data"et to bind to the data, move through the data, and navigate
data relationships
7.0 "2 "!R4!R
A database management, or /1#S, gives the user access to their data and helps them
transform the data into information. Such database management systems include d1ase,
parado$, I#S, S*7 Server and S*7 Server. These systems allow users to create, update and
e$tract information from their database.
A database is a structured collection of data. /ata refers to the characteristics of
people, things and events. S*7 Server stores each data item in its own fields. In S*7
Server, the fields relating to a particular person, thing or event are bundled together to form a
single complete unit of data, called a record Hit can also be referred to as raw or an
occurrenceI. +ach record is made up of a number of fields. 5o two fields in a record can
have the same field name.
/uring an S*7 Server /atabase design pro!ect, the analysis of your business needs
identifies all the fields or attributes of interest. If your business needs change over time, you
define any additional fields or change the definition of e$isting fields.
"2 "!R4!R &#B!"
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S*7 Server stores records relating to each other in a table. /ifferent tables are
created for the various groups of information. )elated tables are grouped together to form a
database.
PRIM#R; =!;
+very table in S*7 Server has a field or a combination of fields that uni(uely
identifies each record in the table. The 0ni(ue identifier is called the .rimary ;ey, or simply
the ;ey. The primary key provides the means to distinguish one record from all other in a
table. It allows the user and the database system to identify, locate and refer to one particular
record in the database.
R!#&IO$# D#&#B#"!
Sometimes all the information of interest to a business operation can be stored in one
table. S*7 Server makes it very easy to link the data in multiple tables. #atching an
employee to the department in which they work is one e$ample. This is what makes S*7
Server a relational database management system, or )/1#S. It stores data in two or more
tables and enables you to define relationships between the table and enables you to define
relationships between the tables.
'OR!I:$ =!;
When a field is one table matches the primary key of another field is referred to as a
foreign key. A foreign key is a field or a group of fields in one table whose values match
those of the primary key of another table.
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R!'!R!$&I# I$&!:RI&;
5ot only does S*7 Server allow you to link multiple tables, it also maintains
consistency between them. +nsuring that the data among related tables is correctly matched
is referred to as maintaining referential integrity.
D#&# #B"&R#C&IO$
A ma!or purpose of a database system is to provide users with an abstract view of the
data. This system hides certain details of how the data is stored and maintained. /ata
abstraction is divided into three levels.
Ph,sical level2 This is the lowest level of abstraction at which one describes how the data
are actually stored.
Conceptual evel2 At this level of database abstraction all the attributed and what data
are actually stored is described and entries and relationship among them.
4iew level2 This is the highest level of abstraction at which one describes only part of the
database.
#D4#$&#:!" O' RDBM"
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)edundancy can be avoided
Inconsistency can be eliminated
/ata can be Shared
Standards can be enforced
Security restrictions can be applied
Integrity can be maintained
Conflicting re(uirements can be balanced
/ata independence can be achieved.
DI"#D4#$&#:!" O' DBM"
A significant disadvantage of the /1#S system is cost. In addition to the cost of
purchasing of developing the software, the hardware has to be upgraded to allow for the
e$tensive programs and the workspace re(uired for their e$ecution and storage.
'!#&%R!" O' "2 "!R4!R >RDBM"I
S*7 S+):+) is one of the leading database management systems H/1#SI because
it is the only /atabase that meets the uncompromising re(uirements of today's most
demanding information systems. &rom comple$ decision support systems H/SSI to the most
rigorous online transaction processing H-7T.I application, even application that re(uire
simultaneous /SS and -7T. access to the same critical data, S*7 Server leads the industry
in both performance and capability
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!$&!RPRI"! 9ID! D#&# "(#RI$:
The unrivaled portability and connectivity of the S*7 S+):+) /1#S enables all
the systems in the organi,ation to be linked into a singular, integrated computing resource.
POR&#BII&;
S*7 S+):+) is fully portable to more than >A distinct hardware and operating
systems platforms, including 05IB, #S/-S, -SK=, #acintosh and do,ens of proprietary
platforms. This portability gives complete freedom to choose the database sever platform
that meets the system re(uirements.
OP!$ ";"&!M"
S*7 S+):+) offers a leading implementation of industry Fstandard S*7. S*7
Server's open architecture integrates S*7 S+):+) and non FS*7 S+):+) /1#S with
industries most comprehensive collection of tools, application, and third party software
products S*7 Server's -pen architecture provides transparent access to data from other
relational database and even non"relational database.
DI"&RIB%&!D D#&# "(#RI$:
S*7 Server's networking and distributed database capabilities to access data stored
on remote server with the same ease as if the information was stored on a single local
computer. A single S*7 statement can access data at multiple sites. Gou can store data
where system re(uirements such as performance, security or availability dictate.
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%$M#&C(!D P!R'ORM#$C!
The most advanced architecture in the industry allows the S*7 S+):+) /1#S to
deliver unmatched performance.
"OP(I"&IC#&!D CO$C%RR!$C; CO$&RO
)eal World applications demand access to critical data. With most database Systems
application becomes Dcontention boundE F which performance is limited not by the C.0
power or by disk IK-, but user waiting on one another for data access . S*7 Server employs
full, unrestricted row"level locking and contention free (ueries to minimi,e and in many
cases entirely eliminates contention wait times.
$O IKO BO&&!$!C="
S*7 Server's fast commit groups commit and deferred write technologies
dramatically reduce disk IK- bottlenecks. While some database write whole data block to disk
at commit time, S*7 Server commits transactions with at most se(uential log file on disk at
commit time, -n high throughput systems, one se(uential writes typically group commit
multiple transactions. /ata read by the transaction remains as shared memory so that other
transactions may access that data without reading it again from disk. Since fast commits
write all data necessary to the recovery to the log file, modified blocks are written back to the
database independently of the transaction commit, when written from memory to disk.
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7.5. "#MP! COD!
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@.1. I$&ROD%C&IO$
Software testing is a critical element of software (uality assurance and represents the
ultimate review of specification, design and coding. In fact, testing is the one step in the
software engineering process that could be viewed as destructive rather than constructive.
A strategy for software testing integrates software test case design methods into a
well"planned series of steps that result in the successful construction of software. Testing is
the set of activities that can be planned in advance and conducted systematically. The
underlying motivation of program testing is to affirm software (uality with methods that can
economically and effectively apply to both strategic to both large and small"scale systems.
@.2. "O'&9#R! &!"&I$:
The software engineering process can be viewed as a spiral. Initially system
engineering defines the role of software and leads to software re(uirement analysis where the
information domain, functions, behavior, performance, constraints and validation criteria for
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software are established. #oving inward along the spiral, we come to design and finally to
coding. To develop computer software we spiral in along streamlines that decrease the level
of abstraction on each turn.
A strategy for software testing may also be viewed in the conte$t of the spiral. 0nit
testing begins at the verte$ of the spiral and concentrates on each unit of the software as
implemented in source code. Testing progress by moving outward along the spiral to
integration testing, where the focus is on the design and the construction of the software
architecture. Talking another turn on outward on the spiral we encounter validation testing
where re(uirements established as part of software re(uirements analysis are validated
against the software that has been constructed. &inally we arrive at system testing, where the
software and other system elements are tested as a whole.
Dept of CSE Page 98
UNI. .E,.IN)
M'DU3E .E,.IN)
,U(9,:,.EM
.E,IN)
,:,.EM .E,.IN)
A55EP.AN5E .E,.IN)
*omponent Testing
Integration Testing
(ser Testing
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@... %nit &estin+
0nit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design, the module.
The unit testing we have is white bo$ oriented and some modules the steps are conducted in
parallel.
1. 9(I&! BOV &!"&I$:
This type of testing ensures that
All independent paths have been e$ercised at least once
All logical decisions have been e$ercised on their true and false sides
All loops are e$ecuted at their boundaries and within their operational bounds
All internal data structures have been e$ercised to assure their validity.
2. B#"IC P#&( &!"&I$:
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+stablished techni(ue of flow graph with Cyclomatic comple$ity was used to derive test
cases for all the functions. The main steps in deriving test cases were2
0se the design of the code and draw correspondent flow graph.
/etermine the Cyclomatic comple$ity of resultant flow graph, using formula2
:H8IT+"5L= or
:H8IT.L@ or
:H8IT5umber -f )egions
Where :H8I is Cyclomatic comple$ity,
+ is the number of edges,
5 is the number of flow graph nodes,
. is the number of predicate nodes.
/etermine the basis of set of linearly independent paths.
.. CO$DI&IO$# &!"&I$:
In this part of the testing each of the conditions were tested to both true and false aspects.
And all the resulting paths were tested. So that each path that may be generate on particular
condition is traced to uncover any possible errors.
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0. D#&# 'O9 &!"&I$:
This type of testing selects the path of the program according to the location of definition and
use of variables. This kind of testing was used only when some local variable were declared.
The definition"use chain method was used in this type of testing. These were particularly
useful in nested statements.
5. OOP &!"&I$:
In this type of testing all the loops are tested to all the limits possible. The following e$ercise
was adopted for all loops2
All the loops were tested at their limits, !ust above them and !ust below them.
All the loops were skipped at least once.
&or nested loops test the inner most loop first and then work outwards.
&or concatenated loops the values of dependent loops were set with the help of connected
loop.
0nstructured loops were resolved into nested loops or concatenated loops and tested as
above.
+ach unit has been separately tested by the development team itself and all the input have
been validated.
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Chapter >
Output "creens
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COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
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COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
COOL CAB SERVICES
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Chapter B
Conclusion
COOL CAB SERVICES
B.1i-itations
Cool Cab Services is a Web application and it is restricted to only limited type of users. In
this application ,/ifferent types of managers have been given access rights and they are
restricted up to their functionalities, so that the data is maintained securely and redundant
data is prevented. As the /ata is stored electronically, it is necessary to have a Computer and
5etwork connection to access the Application. ere The /etails of +mployees and /rivers,
cabs are maintained but accounts to these people are not created. using this application
mangers do assign or update the batch,shift of cabs to drivers and employees. 1ut employees
are unable to view their details .
B.2 'uture !nhance-ents
+very +dition of an book comes with new topics and modifications if any errors are
present. In the similar way, in near future ,our application will overcome the flaws if
occurred, and attains new features offered to employees for the &le$ible and easy
Transportation. &ollowing are the +nhancements to the application.
.roviding 8ood 0ser Interface.
COOL CAB SERVICES
.roviding access permissions to the employees
Try to Implement the 8.S system in the Cabs.

B.. BIBIO:R#P(;
'OR .$!& I$"&##&IO$
www.support.mircosoft.com
'OR D!PO;M!$& #$D P#C=I$: O$ "!R4!R
COOL CAB SERVICES
www.developer.com
www.@?seconds.com
'OR "2
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Cab Service Management Report

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Cab Service Management Report

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