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SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS

METAFUNCTION ANALYSIS








Yohana Ekky Putri
C11.2011.01241



Faculty Of Humanities
Dian Nuswantory University
2013
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CANCER

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by an uncontrolled growth of abnormal
cells, and it is the result of an uncontrolled cell-cycle. If the spread of these abnormal cells is
not controlled by radiation therapy or other means, then cancer can cause death. Most cancers
take the form of tumors, although not all tumors are cancers. A tumor is simply a mass of new
tissue that serves no physiological purpose. It can be benign, like a wart, or malignant, like
cancer. Benign tumors are made up of cells similar to the surrounding normal cells and are
enclosed in a membrane that prevents them from penetrating neighboring tissues. A malignant
tumor, or cancer, is capable of invading surrounding structures, including blood vessels, the
lymph system and nerves. These invading cells interfere with the normal functioning of
different body cells, and it is because of this that death of the host tissue usually follows.
In addition to spreading to surrounding areas, cancer can also spread to distant sites by
the blood and lymphatic circulation and so can produce invasive tumors in almost any part of
the body. In 1997, approximately 1,500,000 people in the United States were diagnosed with
cancer and approximately 600,000 died of the disease. Early screening for cancer is believed
to be able to drastically reduce the number of deaths due to the disease. Knowing what to look
for when detecting cancer, as well as knowing if you are in a high risk population are two
aspects of early prevention which have been proven to increase survival rates and lower the
length and severity of treatments.

Source: http://www.studymyenglish.com/teacherDocs/ReadingPassage6.pdf

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CLAUSE BOUNDARIES
1. Cancer
2. Cancer is a group of diseases
3. characterized by an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells,
4. and it is the result of an uncontrolled cell-cycle.
5. If the spread of these abnormal cells is not controlled by radiation therapy or other means,
6. then cancer can cause death.
7. Most cancers take the form of tumors,
8. although not all tumors are cancers.
9. A tumor is simply a mass of new tissue
10. that serves no physiological purpose.
11. It can be benign, like a wart, or malignant, like cancer.
12. Benign tumors are made up of cells similar to the surrounding normal cells
13. and are enclosed in a membrane
14. that prevents them from penetrating neighboring tissues.
15. A malignant tumor, or cancer, is capable of invading surrounding structures, including
blood vessels, the lymph system and nerves.
16. These invading cells interfere with the normal functioning of different body cells,
17. and it is because of this that death of the host tissue usually follows.
18. In addition to spreading to surrounding areas, cancer can also spread to distant sites by the
blood and lymphatic circulation
19. and so can produce invasive tumors in almost any part of the body.
20. In 1997, approximately 1,500,000 people in the United States were diagnosed with cancer
21. and approximately 600,000 died of the disease.
22. Early screening for cancer is believed to be able to drastically reduce the number of deaths
due to the disease.
23. Knowing what to look for
24. when detecting cancer,
25. as well as knowing
26. if you are in a high risk population
27. are two aspects of early prevention
28. which have been proven to increase survival rates
29. and lower the length and severity of treatments.

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METAFUNCTION ANALYSIS

1. Cancer
S Cancer
M
Subject
Mood
T Participant
T-R
Topical
Ideational
Theme
2. Cancer is a group of diseases
S Cancer is a group of diseases
M
Subject Finite Complement
Mood Residue
T Carrier Attributive : intensive Attribute
T-R
Unmarked Topical
Rheme Ideational
Theme
3. characterized by an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells,
S characterized by an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells,
M
Finite Predicator Adjunct
Mood Residue
T Material Circumstance : manner
T-R
Topical
Rheme Ideational
Theme
4. and it is the result of an uncontrolled cell-cycle.
S And it is
the result of an uncontrolled cell-
cycle.
M
- Subject Finite Complement
- Mood Residue
T - Carrier
Attributive
: intensive
Attribute
T-R
Str
Unmarked
Topical
Rheme
Text Ideational
Theme


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5. If the spread of these abnormal cells is not controlled by radiation therapy or other means,
S If
the spread of these
abnormal cells
is not controlled
by radiation therapy or other
means,
M
- Subject Finite Predicator Adjunct
- Mood Residue
T - Goal Material Actor
T-R
Str Unmarked Topical
Rheme Text Ideational
Theme
6. then cancer can cause death.
S Then cancer can cause death.
M
- Subject Finite Predicator Complement
- Mood Residue
T - Senser Mental : Affective Phenomenon
T-R
Conj Unmarked Topical
Rheme Text Ideational
Theme
7. Most cancers take the form of tumors,
S Most cancers take the form of tumors,
M
Subject Finite Predicator Complement
Mood Residue
T Actor Material Goal
T-R
Unmarked Topical
Rheme Ideational
Theme
8. although not all tumors are cancers.
S Although not all tumors are cancers.
M
- Mood Adjunct Subject Finite Complement
- Mood Residue
T - Carrier
Attributive :
Intensive
Attribute
T-R
Str Unmarked Topical
Rheme Text Ideational
Theme
9. A tumor is simply a mass of new tissue
S
A tumor is simply a mass of new tissue
that serves no
physiological purpose.
M
Subject Finite Adjunct Complement
Mood Residue
T Carrier Att : Int Circ : Manner Attribute
T-R
Unmarked Topical
Rheme Ideational
Theme


6

10. that serves no physiological purpose.
S that serves no physiological purpose.
M
- Finite Predicator Complement
- Mood Residue
T - Material Goal
T-R
Str Topical
Rheme Txt Ideational
Theme
11. It can be benign, like a wart, or malignant, like cancer.
S It can be benign, like a wart, or malignant, like cancer.
M
Subject Fin Pred Comp Adjunct
Mood Residue
T Carrier
Attributive :
Intensive
Attribute Circumstance : Manner
T-R
UnTop
Rheme Idea
Theme
12. Benign tumors are made up of cells similar to the surrounding normal cells
S Benign tumors are made up of cells similar to the surrounding normal cells
M
Subject Fin Pred Complement
Mood Residue
T Actor Material Circumstance : Matter
T-R
Unmrkd Top
Rheme Ideational
Theme
13. and are enclosed in a membrane
S and are enclosed in a membrane
M
- Finite Predicator Adjunct
- Mood Residue
T - Material Circumstance : Place
T-R
Str
Rheme Text
Theme
14. that prevents them from penetrating neighboring tissues.
S that prevents them
from penetrating neighboring
tissues.
M
Subject Fin Pred Complement Adjunct
Mood Residue
T - Material Goal Circumstance : accompaniment
T-R
Str UnTop
Rheme Text Idea
Theme


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15. A malignant tumor, or cancer, is capable of invading surrounding structures, including
blood vessels, the lymph system and nerves.
S
A malignant
tumor, or
cancer,
is
capable
of
invading
surrounding
structures,
including blood vessels,
the lymph system and
nerves.
M
Subject Fin Pred Complement Adjunct
Mood Residue
T Actor Material Goal
Circumstance :
Accompaniment
T-R
UnTop
Rheme Ideational
Theme
16. These invading cells interfere with the normal functioning of different body cells,
S These invading cells interfere with
the normal functioning of different body
cells,
M
Subject Fin Pred Complement
Mood Residue
T Actor Material Goal
T-R
Unmarked Topical
Rheme Ideational
Theme
17. and it is because of this that death of the host tissue usually follows.
S and It is because of this
that death of the host tissue usually
follows.
M
- Subject Fin Complement Adjunct
- Mood Residue
T - Carrier
Att :
Int
Attribute
T-R
Str UnTop
Rheme Text Ideational
Theme
18. In addition to spreading to surrounding areas, cancer can also spread to distant sites by the
blood and lymphatic circulation
S
In addition to
spreading to
surrounding
areas,
cancer can also spread to distant sites
by the blood
and lymphatic
circulation
M
Adjunct Su Fin MA Pred Complement Adjunct
Residue Mood Residue
T Circ: Accomp Goal Material Circ: Place Actor
T-R
Conjunctive UnTop
Rheme Textual Idea
Theme

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19. and so can produce invasive tumors in almost any part of the body.
S and so can produce invasive tumors in almost any part of the body.
M
- Su Fin Pred Complement Adjunct
- Mood Residue
T - Actor Material Goal Circumstance : Place
T-R
Str Top
Rheme Text Idea
Theme
20. In 1997, approximately 1,500,000 people in the United States were diagnosed with cancer
S In 1997, approximately
1,500,000
people in the
United States
were diagnosed with cancer
M
Adjunct Adjunct Subject Finite Predicator Complement
Residue Mood Residue
T Circ:Time Circ : Manner Actor Material Goal
T-R
Mrk Top
Rheme Idea
Theme
21. and approximately 600,000 died of the disease.
S and approximately 600,000 died of the disease.
M
- Adjunct Subject Fin Pred Adjunct
- Residue Mood Residue
T - Circ : Manner Actor Material Circ : Cause
T-R
Str Str Un-Top
Rheme Txt Txt Ideational
Theme
22. Early screening for cancer is believed to be able to drastically reduce the number of deaths
due to the disease.
S
Early screening
for cancer
is believed
to be able to drastically reduce the number
of deaths due to the disease.
M
Subject Fin Pred Complement
Mood Residue
T Senser Mental : Cog Phenomenon
T-R
Topical
Rheme Ideational
Theme
23. Knowing what to look for
S Knowing what to look for
M
Finite Predicator Goal
Mood Residue
T Mental : Cognitive Phenomenon
T-R
Topical
Rheme Ideational
Theme
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24. when detecting cancer,
S when detecting cancer
M
- Finite Predicator Complement
- Mood Residue
T Circumstance : Time Material Goal
T-R
Str Topical
Rheme Textual Ideational
Theme
25. as well as knowing
S as well as knowing
M
- Finite Predicator
- Mood Residue
T - Mental : Cognitive
T-R
Str Topical
Textual Ideational
Theme
26. if you are in a high risk population
S if you Are in a high risk population
M
- Subject Finite Adjunct
- Mood Residue
T - Carrier Attributive : Intensive Circumstance : Place
T-R
Str UnTop
Rheme Txt Ideational
Theme
27. are two aspects of early prevention
S are two aspects of early prevention
M
Finite Complement
Mood Residue
T Attributive : Intensive Attributive
T-R
Topical
Rheme Ideational
Theme
28. which have been proven to increase survival rates
S which have been proven to increase survival rates
M
Subject Finite Predicator Complement
Mood Residue
T Actor Material Goal
T-R
Str Topical
Rheme Txt Ideational
Theme


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29. and lower the length and severity of treatments.
S and lower the length and severity of treatments.
M
- Finite Predicator Complement
- Mood Residue
T - Material Goal
T-R
Str Topical
Rheme Textual Ideational
Theme