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This document provides details on conducting sonic logging tests on bored piles to check pile integrity. It describes the installation of sonic tubes in the reinforcement cages before concreting. Sonic logging testing involves using transmitters and receivers in the tubes to check the homogeneity and detect defects in the concrete. After testing, the sonic tubes will be grouted to fill them. Proper safety procedures and personal protective equipment are required when conducting this work.
This document provides details on conducting sonic logging tests on bored piles to check pile integrity. It describes the installation of sonic tubes in the reinforcement cages before concreting. Sonic logging testing involves using transmitters and receivers in the tubes to check the homogeneity and detect defects in the concrete. After testing, the sonic tubes will be grouted to fill them. Proper safety procedures and personal protective equipment are required when conducting this work.
This document provides details on conducting sonic logging tests on bored piles to check pile integrity. It describes the installation of sonic tubes in the reinforcement cages before concreting. Sonic logging testing involves using transmitters and receivers in the tubes to check the homogeneity and detect defects in the concrete. After testing, the sonic tubes will be grouted to fill them. Proper safety procedures and personal protective equipment are required when conducting this work.
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1. Introduction
The foundation works for the C487 covers the scope of Bored piling, Bored piling with king Post Works. This method statement presents the method on pile integrity checking by adopting Sonic Logging method as a non-destructive test to the selected location approved by Consultant.
1.1 Sonic Logging Test
Sonic logging test is most commonly used non-destructive pile integrity tests for cast-in- place concrete piles, diaphragm walls and barrettes. It is based on the measurement of the propagation time of sonic transmission between two/three piezoelectric probes placed in tubes cast into the pile.
It may be used to check the homogeneity of the concrete and to detect defects such as honeycombing, segregation, necking and cracks in concrete.
2. Installation of Sonic Tubes
2.1 Pile Location
The proposed Sonic logging Test location is shown on the Appendix A.
2.2 References
WSH (Construction) Regulations 2007 Project Safety Manual Risk Assessment 2.3 List of Material and Machinery . 50mm diameter GI pipe/MS pipe . 80tonnes crawler Crane(to install cage with 50mm pipe attached) . Welding Set
2.4 Boring/excavation Works
The boring works procedure for the bored pile will be accordance to the Approved Method Statement for the Bored pile Installation.
2.5 Installation of Sonic Tube to the Reinforcement cage
The reinforcement cage is fabricated in accordance to the approved shop drawing. Full length of piles reinforcement cage will be provided above the design cut-off-level, and dummy cage or temporary cage will be provided from cut-off-level to top supporting casing/guide wall level. Sonic coring pipes will be installed inside the reinforcement cage
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2 securely fixed prior lowering of the reinforcement cage into the borehole or trench. The sonic tube connection will be welded joint and securely tie-back with steel bar to the reinforcement cage by welding. The numbers of allocated sonic tubes governs on the maximum distance from 1.5meter tubes to tubes. Sonic coring tubes will serves as the sonic logging tubes during the sonic logging test works, and, Figures 1 and 2 shows the typical detail for sonic tubes and sonic coring pipe in the reinforcement cage.
The numbers of sonic tubes allocation for bored piles or barrettes are as follows: Pile Nominal Diameter (mm) Quantities of Access Tubes Remarks <1000 3 1000 -1400 4 1500 - 1700 5 1800 - 2000 6
It is importance that the sonic logging tube should be washed and filled with clean water after completion of concreting works on the day itself. The sonic logging pipe will be properly capped for testing. The sonic test logging can only be carried out after 7 days from the date of cast.
External Links 5 0 0 m m
Toe Level 150mm Sonic Coring tube Bored hole Spacer blocks Main bars 2 0 0 m m
5 0 0 m m
Bentonite slurry Figure:1 Section Elevation 50MM Sonic logging tubes
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4tubes layout 5tubes layout
6tubes Layout
Figure.2:Section layout for Bored pile with Sonic logging and coring tube
3. Sonic Logging Testing
3.1 List of material and Machinery
Refer to Appendix B for the operating Manual for Sonic Logging Logger . Ultrasonic transmitter . Matched Receiver . Data Acquisition System 50mm Sonic logging tube 150mm Sonic Coring Tube Main Bars Links Spacer blocks
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3.2 Testing Procedure
i. Sonic Coring Works should be carried out earlier before the sonic logging test. This is to ensure that the transmitter and receiver are lower down to the level equal to the sonic tubes level and Figure 3 shows the typical section elevation. ii. The sonic and coring cubes should be filled with water till the top level. iii. The depth of the sonic and coring tubes will be measured and recorded. iv. The transmitter and receiver will insert and simultaneously lower down into the tubes until its reached the bottom of the tubes. v. The transmitter and receiver will be raised or possibly lowered while the transmitter continuously emits and receiver acquires the ultrasonic signals. vi. The records of signal travel time and relative strength yield and assessment of the concrete quality, and, continuity between the two tubes. vii. The process is repeated by utilising various combinations or paths on the access tubes to check around the shaft circumference and through its centre. Figure 4 shows the number of paths for the sonic signal based on the number of sonic tubes installed. viii. The limitations of the test will be experience on the bored pile where King Post installed in the centre of the pile. Weak or poor signal will be obtained from the toe of the king Post to the pile cut-off-level. This is due to the sonic pulse emits will be reflect/bounced from the king Post steel elements. ix. After completion of the test, proper capping or temporary sealing of the pipe by masking tape or equivalent will be provided for later stage grouting infill works.
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150mm Sonic Coring tube filled with water Sonic coring into concrete and founding soil layer Founding soil layer Minimum 500mm Sonic logging transmitter/Receiver 50mm Sonic tube Filled with water Figure.3: Section Elevation (Sonic logging Testing) path1 Path6 Path5 Path4 Path3 Path2 6cross-hole paths for 4tube Sonic logging test 15cross-hole paths for 6tube Sonic logging test 10cross-hole paths for 5tube Sonic logging test Figure .5 Section cross hole layout
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4. Grouting of Sonic Tube
4.1 List of Material and Machinery 110kVA electric Hand Mixer Conbextra Non.Shrink Grout 32mm diameter Polypipe
4.2 Grouting Procedure
i. Upon completion of the sonic logging test and coring test, provided with test report submitted and pending to consultant approval, the sonic tubes will be on hold for grouting works. ii. Once approval granted from Consultant for grouting works , grouting works preparation will be carry out. iii. 32mm diameter poly pipe with visible marked measurement by inch colour masking tape, and, insert into the sonic logging/coring access pipe until to toe of sonic logging/coring pipe and raised 200mm above the toe. iv. The Non-shrink Grout will be thoroughly mixed with water in 18litre pail by using Electric Hand Mixer. The mixing of Non-Shrink Grout will be accordance to the Manufacturers recommended mix ratio. Refer to Appendix.B. v. The mixed grout will be poured into the poly pipe through the funnel by gravity method. vi. During the grout infill, water in the sonic logging/coring tubes will be displaced due difference in density. vii. The grout infilling works will stop until all the water in the access pipe is completely displaced and good quality grout is evidently observed flowing out. viii. The poly pipe will be removed completely from the access pipe and the topping up of the grout up to full level will be carry. ix. The process will be carried out on the rest of the sonic logging/coring pipe. x. 6numbers of grout cube with dimensions of 100mmX100mm will be made based on day mix for 7days and 28days strength test.
5. Safe Work Procedure
. Ensured that Daily Tool Box Meeting with related topics concerning the works is conducted for all the workers involved on the works. . Ensured that all the workers are equipped with proper Personal Protective Equipments or PPE (safety Boots, Safety Vest, Safety Helmet, Safety Glass, and Ear Plug for hacking works, Hand Glove, Dust Mask for hacking works, Safety Harness for working at height more than 3 meter). . Ensured that the site Engineers, Safety Supervisor and Site Foreman are informed on
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7 the risk involved on the works and the necessary safety prevention to be taken as stated in the Risk Assessment. . Ensured that proper working platforms are provided all the time during the works. . Ensured that the excavated trench/holes are properly barricaded and cover if necessary. . Ensured that the Lifting Gears are check for any defects and colour coded in accidence to the colours month.
6. Health, Safety and Risk Assessment
6.1 Safety and Personal Protective Equipment
All necessary safety precautions shall be taken to ensure the safety of all construction personal and members of the public. All necessary signage, water barriers and safety barricades will be provided and surplus stock of up to 20% of such safety materials will be stored on site.
All personnel are to follow strictly to the Safety management System, which will be disseminated to them through an initial safety induction program followed by compulsory daily toolbox meetings.
Personal protection equipment (PPE) will be worn, where applicable, as follows:
Safety helmets(all workers)
High visibility vests(all workers, except during hot-works)
Safety shoes/boots(all workers, except during hot-works)
Hand gloves (rebar workers,rubber for wet conditions/concreting)
Hearing protection (high noise level areas)
6.2 Environmental
All construction vehicles shall be washed thoroughly at washing bay prior to leaving the site. Vector control is to be established and implemented on a weekly basis. Equipment noise limits will comply with the following ENV requirements:-
Continuous noise over a 12 hour period: 7am-7pm 7pm-7am Hospitals ,schools, homes for aged or sick: 60db 50db Buildings other than above: 75db 65db Continuous noise over a 5 minute period: 7am-7pm 7pm-7am
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8 Hospitals, schools, homes for aged or sick: 75db 55db Buildings other than above: 90db 70db
Noise level readings will be taken at 50m. If there are any buildings located within 50m of the site, readings will be taken 1m away from outside of the effected buildings.
6.3 Hazards Analysis and Risk Assessment
See Appendix A for Hazards analysis and Risk Assessment Worksheet.