Tap chi khoa hgc trffdng Dgi hgc Quy NhOn TQP IV, sd 2 nam 2010

NGHIEN ClfU CHE TAO XUC xAC Ni-Mo/y-Al^O

CHO PHAN ifNG HYDROTREATING
LE VAN HI^U*. PHAN THI THUY TRANG^
I . M6DAU
Hidn nay, 6 nhiim moi trtfdng Id mpt vd'n dl ed'p bdch nhd't dang dtfdc todn nhan
loai quan tdm. Cd rd't nhilu yd'u td ldm dnh htfdng dd'n moi trtfdng vd mpt trong nbtfng
yd'u td quan ti-png dd la chd't Itfdng nhidn bdu dtfng cho dpng cd. Vide sdn xuat nhidn
lieu sach bao gdm loai trtf cdc thanh phan cd hai trong nhidn bdu vd cac loai ca'u tii dpe
hai ti-ong khdi tiidi cua dpng cd, ddc biet la ham Itfdng Itfu huynh, nitd, cdc oxit kim
loai... trong nhidn lieu. Vi nd khdng chi lam dnh btfdng dd'n cha't Itfdng sdn pham, dnh
htfdng dd'n dpng ed may mdc khi suf dung ma cdn cd tde dpng xd'u dd'n moi trtfdng vd stfc
khoe cua eon ngtfdi. Mpt trong eac bidn phap de nang eao chd't Itfdng nhidn bdu la qua
trinh bydrotreating vdi xuc tac Ni-Mo/Y-Al203. He xdc tde cho qua trinh ndy khong
nhffng chi diing trong ede qua trinh chd' bid'n dau ma nd eon dtfdc tfng dung rpng rdi
trong qua trinh xtf ly sdn pham long eua eong nghe chd' bid'n than da.
2. T HUC NGHI E M
2.1. Dung cu va hda chd't
+ Chd't mang Y-AI2O3 dang bat tron (Phap).
+ Mudi amoni polymolipdat (NH4)gMo,024.4H20 (Nga).
+ Mudi niken nitrat Ni(N03)2.6H20 (Trung Qudc).
+ Binh tam chdn khong, bdm but chan khong, tu sa'y, 16 nung,...
2.2. Phvtdng phap nghidn cii'u
Xuc tac Ni-Mo/Y-Al203 dtfdc tdng hdp bang pbtfdng phdp td'm cac pha boat dpng ldn
chd't mang, lan Itfdt hai dung dich cac mudi (NRJ^Mop^^.AHp vd Ni(N03)2.6H20 ldn
bl mat chd't mang Y-AI2O3. Qua binh ngdm tam cdc mudi ndy dtfdc tid'n bdnh nhilu lan,
mdi lan tfng vdi t bi tich chd't long ldn nhd't ma chat mang y-AXp^ hd'p phu bdo boa. Sau
mdi lan ngdm tam tid'n hanh sa'y vd nung d cdc nhiet dp khae nhau brong khodng thdi gian
nha't dinh. Trtfdc kbi tid'n bdnh phdn tfng, xuc tde dtfdc boat hda d dilu kidn ngbidn ctfu.
2.3. Cac phiAftig phap xac dinh d^c triAig cua xuc tac
Pbtfdng phdp TPR dtfdc tid'n bdnh trdn may Autochem II2902 Micromeritics tai
phong tbi nghidm Ipc boa dau vd vdt lieu xuc tac, Dai hpc Bdch khoa Hd Npi.
- Phd XRD cua cdc mau dtfdc chup trdn may PCM-Bruker D8 (Dtfc) tai Khoa
Hoa hpc, Dai hpc Khoa hpc Ttf nhidn, Dai hpc Quo'e gia Hd Npi.
12
Lfe VAN HI^U, PHAN THI THUY TRANG
- Didn tich bl mdt dtfdc do bdng pbtfdng phdp BET trdn mdy Micromerictics ASAP
2010 tai Phdng thi nghidm cdng ngh^ Ipc hda diu vd vdt li^u xdc tde, Dai hpc Bdch
khoa Hd Ndi.
Hinh dnh SEM vd EDS dtfdc chup trdn mdy Hitachi S4800 tai Phong tbi nghidm
trpng did'm qudc gia vat lipu vd linh kidn difn tii, Vi^n Khoa hoc vdt bdu.
Hinh dnh TEM dtfdc chup trdn mdy JEM 1010/JEOL(Nhat) tai Vidn v$ sinh dich
te Trung tfdng.
Pbtfdng phdp nghidn ctfu boat tinh xuc tde dtfdc tbtfc hidn d he phdn tfng vi ddng
Microaetivity Test Unit MAT 5000 cda Zeton (Canada) vd hd thong phdn tfng dp suat
eao ciia Vinci Technologies (Phdp), Trtfdng Dai hpc Bdch khoa Hd Npi.
2.4. Cac phtfdhg phap danh gid chi tidu chd't \\i(fng cua nguydn li^u vd san ph^m
- Pbtfdng phdp bu^'nb quang tia X (XRF-X Ray Fluorescence) xdc djnh bdm Itfdng
Itfu huynh ciia nguydn bdu vd cdc mau sdn pham tai Trung tdm hda nghidm xdng dau
quan dpi Ha N6i.
- Pbtfdng phdp diim anilin xdc dinh hdm Itfdng bydrocacbon tiidm, pbtfdng phdp
xac dinh dd sang ciia nhidn bdu ldng vd tinh ehi sd diesel cua nhidn bdu long dtfdc tiiifc
bidn tai Phong tbi nghidm cdng nghe Ipc hda dau vd vat bdu xuc tde, Khoa Cong nghe
hda bpe, Dai bpe Bach khoa Hd Npi.
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. D$c triAig cua cha't mang va xuc tac
3.1.1. Di$n tich be mgt rieng cua chat mang J-AiPj sff dung
Bang pbtfdng phdp do hd'p phu vat ly, difa trdn dtfdng hd'p phu vd nhd hd'p phu
nitd kd't hdp vdi pbtfdng trinh hd'p phu dang nhiet BET xdc dinh dtfdc didn tich bl mat
ridng eiia Y-Al^O, Id 200,5641 mVg. Dtfdng kinh Id xd'p khoang 1(>4,1647A. Kd't qua
ndy cho thd'y y-Mp^ Id vat bdu khd xdp, bl mat ridng ttfdng ddi ldn tiuch hdp diing lam
chat mang cho phdn tfng bydrotreating.
3.1.2. Gian dd TPR cda xdc tac Ni-MotfAipp%mO-l2%MoOJ^Aip^
Ttf kd't qud d dd tiii cho tha'y mlu
Ni-Mo/Y-Al203 xud't hidn 4 pic kbii tai nhidt
dp 180C, 4060C, 542,3C vd 598,2C. Qud
tiinh khuf bat dau tai nhidt dp khodng 150C
dien ra qud trinh khii Mo^ tiidnh Mo^+vd
kd't thuc tai nhidt dp 598,2C tfng vdi qud
trinh khtf cua NiO, NiAip^. Pic khi^ tai
nhidt dp la 406C xud't bidn pic ddc tiiftig
cho qua trinh khuf ciia pha NiMoO .
Vdy chpn nhidt dp boat boa xdc tac
cho qud trinh hydroti-eating id 400C. r^ u i n?. A> TI^T> ^ - .
Hinh 1. Gidn do TPR cua xuc tde Ni-Mo/^-Al 0
NGHlfeN ctfu CH^ TAP XUC TAC Ni-Mo/y-AiPj CHO PHAN LfNG HYDROTREATING
13
3.1.3. Gian do nhieu XQ tiaX cua hf xdc tac Ni-Mo/y-Alflj
A
2%NiO-12%Mo03/yAhO.
S^'AiW^^
I
12%Mo03/iAhO:
,^^^^h^,
.h.^
Ai^Y
A
V..u^\A.^*"^'
/ ,
70 80
Hinh 2. Gidn do nhieu xa tinh thi cua mdu y-AiPy 12%MoO/iAiPy 2%NiO-
I2%Mo0^t{Aip^ (#); -^Aipy f ^) ; NiMoO^
Phd XRD eiia mdu 12%Mo03 cho thd'y chi xud't bidn ede pie ddc trtfng cho
Y-AI2O3 md khdng cd ede pic ddc trtfng cho M0O3. Dilu do chtfng td rang Mo phdn tan
tdt trdn bl mat chd't mang bode kich thtfde tinh the M0O3 r^t be (<4mn). Con d mau xuc
tac Ni-Mo/Y-Al203, ngodi cdc pie ddc trtfng cho gama nhdm oxyt eon xud't hidn cdc pie
ddc trtfhg cho pha NiMoO^. Nhtf vdy, Ni da ttfdng tac vdi M0O3 vd tao thdnh pha NiMoO^
Id tiln chat dl tao thdnh pha boat tinh NiMoS.
3.1.4. Ket qua phdn tich xuc tac tren kinh hien vi di^n tvt quet SEM vd EDS
.. - - ^ ^ - k \ .- , i t . ' - * . " ',.
IM3 ).5 00k sE(Mi 5/:o/:ooe
1? ^^
10 Oum
(a) (b)
Hinh 3. Hinh dnh kinh hien vi dien tit quit (SEM)
(a) Chd't mang AI2O3 (b) Mdu xdc tac 2%NiO-12%Mo03/Y-Al203
14
Lfe VAN HI^U, PHAN THI THUY TRANC
Ttf Hinh 3 cho thd'y chd't mang
Y-AI2O3 ban dau khi ebtfa mang kim loai
cd binh dang hat vdi kich thtfde nhd. Khi
td'm cdc dung dich mudi kim loai boat
dpng vd chd't xdc tid'n ldn bl mdt cbSft
mang thi kich thtfde cda cdc hat tdng ldn.
Dilu nay chtfng td trdn bl mdt chd't
mang cd mdt kim loai do dd dd ldm tdng
kich tiitfdc ciia hat xdc tde vd dtfdc tbi
hidn ro ndt d kd't qud phdn tich EDS trdn
Hinh 4.
T^ -AT-
tMtamnma* OMmroomwfpammt
Hinh 4. Kit qud phdn tich EDS
3.1.5. Ket qud phdn tich xiic tde trin kinh hiin vi di$n tut truyin qua TEM
Hinh 5. Hinh dnh kinh hiin vi dien t^ truyin qua TEM cua mdu xuc tde
Ttf hinh 5 ta nhdn tiid'y rdng dp phdn tdn ciia cdc hat kim loai phdn bo trdn cht
mang ttfdng ddi ddng diu. Cdc bat kim loai c6 kich tiitfdc tiling binh ttf 20 - 30nm vd kha
diu nhau. 6 mdt sd vi til cdc bat kim loai cdn hdi bi co cum do anh htfdng cda qud ttinh
tdng hdp xdc tde.
3.2. Khao sat ham luf^ng td'i tfu cua h$ xuc tac
3.2.1. Khdo sdt hdm lU0ng MoO^ trong xuc tac Ni-Mo/y-Aip^ codinh hdm Img
Tid'n bdnh phdn tfng bydrobreating vdi cdc mlu xuc tde co hdm Itfdng NiO cd dinh
Id 2%, didu kidn d dp sud't thtfdng vd nhidt dp phdn tfng Id 3I0C. Xiic tac dtfdc hoat
hda bdng hdn hdp H^ vd CS^ pha trong n-bexan vdi t^ Id till tich Id 2% d nhidt dp 400C
trong thdi gian 120 phut. Cac chi tidu cda sdn phim dtfdc till hidn 6 Bdng 1
NGHIEN ctfu CH^ TAP XtJC TAC Ni-Mo/y-AiPj CHO PHAN ifNG HYDROTREATING
15
Bdng 1: Mdt do quang, diem anilin vd chi sd diesel cua sdn phdm khi %MoO, thay ddi
Ham Iif^ng
M0O3 trong
xuc tac (%)
8
10
12
14
M$tdO
quang ciia
san ph^m
0,11
0,11
0,09
0,12
Di^m anilin
cua san ph^m
CF)
185
186
189
183
Ty trpng ciia san
phfi'm t9i 15,56C
(g/cm^)
0,8491
0,8487
0,8475
0,8500
Chisd'diezen
san ph^m
65,02
65,52
67,02
63,99
Ttf kd't qud trdn, xdy dtfng dtfdc cdc d6 thi dl xdc dinh ede chi tidu cua sdn pham
nhtf sau:
jS 190-
I 189 -
J 188-
S 187 -
186
185-
184-
182
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
%Mo03
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
%Mo03
Do thi 1: Mat do quang vd diim anilin cua sdn phdm khi %MoO^ thay ddi
Ttf do till trdn nhan thay mat dp quang tai 12%Mo03 dat gid tri thd'p nhd't chtfng to
tai do qud tiinb hydro hda xdy ra manh khid'n hdm Itfdng cdc olefin, cae hdp chd't ebtfa
S, N gidm keo theo mat dp quang gidm. Diim anibn cd gid tri nho tbi bdm Itfdng
bydrocacbon thdm cdng ldn vd ngtfdc lai. B6 thi trdn cho thd'y d I2%Mo03 cho sdn
phIm diem anilin cd gid tri cao nhd't ttfe Id Itfdng bydrocacbon thdm dd dtfdc no hda
nhilu nhd^t.
0.8505
10 11 12 13 14 15
%Mo03
67.5
"S 67 H
a 66.6
M DD
S 65.5
65
64.5
64
63.5
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
%Mo03
Do thi 2: Ty trgng vd chi sd diesel cua sdn phdm khi %MoO, thay ddi
16
Lfe VAN HI^U, PHAN THI THIJY TRANG
Ttf dd thi trdn cho thd'y t;^ ti-png thay ddi nh6 khi bdm Itfpng Mo03thay ddi vd cung
dat gid tri nh6 nhSft tai 12%Mo03. Ngtf(?c lai, chi sd diesel tdng din tai diim iJng vdi
hdm ltf(?ng 12%Mo03 phii b(?p vdi stf thay ddi c^a mdt dd quang vd diim anibn.
3.2.2. Khdo sdt hdm lUdng NiO trong xiic tde NiO-Mo/fAiPy codinh hdm lU^ng
MoOj Id 12%
Tid'n bdnh tdng hdp cdc mSu xdc tde c6 hdm Itfdng M0O3 cd dinh Id 12% vd dilu
kidn phdn tfng d dp sud't tiitfdng vd nhi$t dd phdn tfng 310C. Xtfc tde dtfdc hoat hda
bdng bdn hdp H^ vd CS^ pha trong n-bexan vdi ty 1^ thi tich Id 2% d nhi^t dd 400C
trong thdi gjan 120 phiit. Cdc chi tidu cua sdn phim dtfdc till hi^n d Bdng 2:
Bdng 2: Mdt d0 quang, tf trgng, diim Anilin vd chi sd diesel cua sdn phdm khi
%NiO thay ddi
Mlu
xiic tde
(%NiO)
1%
2%
3%
4%
Mdu
xtfc tde
(%NiO)
1%
2%
3%
4%
M$t dO quang
20 phut
0,10
0,09
0,11
0,13
40 phut
0,12
0,11
0,13
0,16
60 phut
0,14
0,12
0,15
0,20
80 phut
0,20
0,17
0,20
0,22
Ty trpng d 15,56C (g/cm^)
20 phut
0,849
0,8475
0,8485
0,8493
40 phut
0,8511
0,8505
0,8508
0,851
60 phut
0,8517
0,8512
0,8515
0,8518
80 phut
0,8522
0,852
0,8525
0,8529
Di^m alinin cua san phlm CF)
20 phut
186
189
186
185
40 phut
185
189
185
183
60 phut
183
186
183
183
80 phut
183
185
181
181
Chis^Tdiezen
20 phut
65,41
67,02
65,59
64,95
40 phut
64,29
65,91
64,40
63,64
60 phut
63,39
64,61
63,46
63,35
80 phut
63.21
63,97
62,41
62,27
Cdn ctf vdo bdng sd Udu trdn ta xdy dtfng dtfdc dd tiii cdc chi tidu cua sdn pham
theo hdm Itfdng NiO nhtf sau:
NGHIEN ctfu CHE TAO XUC TAC Ni-Mo/y-ALO, CHO PHAN LfNG HYDROTREATING
17
3
0.25
0.2
3.15
0.1
0.05
0
4 5
%Ni0
190
1 '8
a
184
182
160
4 5
%NiO
- 20 phut phdn ung 40 phut phSn umg -* 60 phut phSn vtng -K 80 phut phdn ung
Do thi 3: Mat do quang vd diem anilin cda sdn phdm theo thdi gian khi %NiO thay ddi
0.854
t 0.853
^ 0.852
0.851-
0.85
0.849
0.848
0.847
4 5
%NiO
68
o
=a 66
09
64
63
62
4 5
%NiO
20 phiit ph&i ling 40 phut phdn umg * 60 phut phan umg -K 80 phut phdn ung
E>d thi 4: Ty trgng vd chi sd diesel cda sdn phdm theo thdi gian khi %NiO thay ddi
Dd thi trdn cho tha'y tai gid tri 2%NiO cho chi sd diesel eao nha't. Dilu ndy pbii
hdp vdi quy ludt bid'n ddi eua mat dp quang, diim anibn vd ty trpng. Thdng qua chi sd
diesel biet dtfdc cdc thdnh phan eua bydrocacbon no nhtf parafinic vd naphtenic tdng
ldn. Dilu dd chtfng to rang tai hdm Itfdng 2%NiO phdn tfng hydro boa xdy ra manh vd
nang eao dtfdc chi sd diesel.
Vdy cdc kd't qud trdn cho thay rang xuc tac Ni-Mo/Y-Al203 cho boat tinh tdt nhd't
[ khi CO hdm Itfdng 12%Mo03 vd 2%NiO.
4. KET LUAN
Qua qud tiinh tdng hdp xtfc tde Ni-Mo/Y-Al203 vdi mue dich siJ dung cho qua trinh
bydrotreating di ndng ed'p ede phan doan dau mo da. thu dtfdc mpt sd kd't qud sau:
-I- Dilu chd' dtfdc xtfc tde Ni-Mo/Y-Al203 vdi bdm Itfdng NiO, M6O3 tiiay ddi vd
tim ra dtfdc tiidnh pbIn tdi tfU ciia no la 2%NiO vd 12%MoO,.
+ Khdo sat dtfdc cdc ddc tiiTng boa ly eua cha't mang vd hd xuc tde 2%NiO-
18 Lfe VAN mi u, PHAN THI THUY TRANG
12%Mo03/Y-Al203qua cdc kd't qud phdn tich TPR, XRD, SEM, EDS vd TEM. Qua do
tao dtfdc pha NiMoO^ Id tiln chd't di tao ra pha NiMoS. Nhtf vdy, dd tdng hdp dtfdc xuc
tde 2%NiO-12%Mo03/g-Al203 c6 boat tinh tdt cho qud trinh hydroti-eating.
TAI LifeU THAM KHAO
[1] D. V. Ttfdng, D^ng hgc xiic tde, Trtfdng Dai hpc Bdch khoa Hd Npi, Nhd xua't bdn
Khoa hoe vd Ky thudt (2006).
[2] T. Kabe, A. Ishihara, W. Qian, Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation
Chemistry and Engineering, Kodansha Ltd, Tokyo (Japan), WILEY-VCH Verlag
GmbH, Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), (1999).
[3] M. A. Dominguez-Crespo, E.M.Aree-Estrada, A.M.Torres-Huerta, L.Diaz-Garcia,
M. T. Cortez de la Paz, Support effects on bydrotreating activity of NiMo catalysts,
Materials Characterization (2006).
[4] L. Carolina, A. Jorge, S. R. Mohan, M. Gustavo, A comparative study on the effect of
promoter content of hydrodesulfurization catalyst at different evaluation scales. Fuel
86 (2007), 1232-1239.
SUMMARY
RESEARCH ON THE PREPARATION OF NiMo/Y-AiPj CATALYSTS
FOR HYDROTREATING REACTION
Le Van Hieu. Phan Thi Thuy Trang
Hydrotreating catalysts are used to remove sulfur, niu-ogen and otiier contaminants
from refinery feedstocks and petroleum products. NiMo catalysts supported on Y-Al 0,
with different textural properties have been studied in the hydrotreating. The catalysts
containing l-4%NiO and 8-12%Mo03 o" Y' Aip, were prepared by impregnation method
The catalysts were characterized by BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD). TPR studies of the
NiMo were analysed to correlate tiieir hydrotreating properties. TEM and SEM-EDS studies
support the synergetie interaction between Ni sites and MoOx species. The results showed
that NiMo/Y-Aip3 catalysts had grateful activity for tiie hydrotreating processes.
"Khoa H6a hoc, Tnfdng Dai hoc Bdch khoa Ha N6i
"Khoa H6a hoc, Tnrdng Dai hoc Quy Nhdn
Ngay nhan bai: 05/02/2010; Ngay nhSn dSng: 12/03/2010.
Tap chi khoa hgc trUdng Dgi hgc Quy NhOn Tgp IV, sd 2 ndm 2010
^ AP DUNG PHlTCfNG PHAP DAY HQC KIEN TAO-XUCfNG TAC
DE REN LUY| :N KI NANG THIET KE KE HOACH BAI D^Y H6A HQC
CHO SINH VIEN KHOA H6 A HQC CAC TRl/dNG DAI HQC
NGUYIN THI KIM ANH, DANG THI OANH"
^
l . DAT VANDE
Mue tidu ciia vide ddi mdi pbtfdng phdp day bpe d cdc trtfdng DHSP noi chung vd
khoa Hoa bpe noi ridng la ddo tao sinh vidn sau ndy ra trtfdng trd thdnh nbtfng thay co
gido ttfdng lai, ngodi vide trang bi cho sinh vidn (SV) nhffng Idd'n tbtfc ed bdn ve mon
Hoa hpc con trang bi cho SV ede ki nang nghi: Mpt trong nhffng kl ndng nghi quan
trpng la Id ndng day bpe. Nbtfhg tbtfc td' bien nay, d ede trtfdng phd thong nhilu giao
vidn vd sinh vidn stf pham ndm cuo'i ebtfa nam dtfdc bdn chd't eua cac pbtfdng phap day
bpe tich ctfc (day bpe theo li tiiuye't boat dpng, day bpe theo H thuyd't kid'n tao, stf pham
ttfdng tac, day bpe theo b thuye't khdm phd,...) theo dung bdn chd't vd cae dinh htfdng
ciia chung. Do vdy, vide td ehtfe cac boat dpng bpe tap eua bpe sinh can dung mtfc de
the hidn dung net ddc thii vd phat buy tich ctfc cac pbtfdng phdp day bpe ndy.
Trong ren luydn ki nang day hpc cho sinh vidn eo rat nhieu Id nang, vi du: Ddt
va'n di eiia bdi gidng. Id nang bilu didn tbi nghidm kd't hdp vdi ldi noi ciia gido vidn,
tdp thid't kd'bdi day (soan gido dn), dtf gid vd bid't each phdn tich mpt gid day ddng thdi
tap gidng day mpt trich doan bdi day bode tid't bpe bp mdn,.... Tuy nhidn, trong cae Id
nang day hpc can ren luydn cho sinh vidn trtfdng stf pham, theo chung toi vide bid't each
phan tich mpt gid day vd thid't kd' kd' hoach bai bpe eo stf dung cae pbtfdng phap day bpe
xac dinh Id quan trpng vd can thid't de tiitfc hidn vd ren cae Id ndng day bpe tie'p theo.
Pbtfdng phdp day hpc kid'n tao-ttfdng tac Id mpt pbtfdng phdp tftf vidt trong vide
ren ki ndng thid't kd' kd' hoach bdi day cho sinh vidn.
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. To chii'c cho sinh vidn nghidn cuTu cd sd li ludn ciia phtfdng phap d^y hpc kid'n
t^o-ttfdng tac
Cdn ctf vdo npi dung eiia phtfdng phap day bpe kid'n tao-ttfdng tac, sinh vidn cin
ngbidn ctfu cd sd b ludn eiia pbtfdng phap vd trao ddi nhdm theo cac vd'n dl sau:
a) Bdn chd't ciia phtfdng phdp kid'n tao-ttfdng tde, net ddc tiiii ciia pbtfdng phap,...
(ndu va'n dl cho smb vidn thdo ludn, cdc npi dung ed ban vl pbtfdng phap can nam vffng).
b) Dl xud't cdc bidn phap de tim hieu cac kid'n tbtfc da cd ciia hpc sinh vl bai bpe
(sinh vidn can xdc dinh cac kid'n tbtfc bdn quan dd'n bdi hpc da dtfdc hpc d trtfdng trung
bpe cd sd, d cae cbtfdng trtfdc do, bai trtfdc do, dl xud't eac phid'u dilu ti-a, eac cdu hoi
Idem tra mtfc dp nam cac idd'n tiitfc lidn quan dd'n bdi hpc ma bpe sinh da dtfdc hpc,...).
20
NGUYIN THI KIM ANH, DANG THI OANH
c) Dl xud't cdc bidn phdp dl tim hiiu cdc btfdng vl kid'n tbtfc hpc sinh mudn bi^t
theo chu di cua bdi bpe vd cdc tdi lidu c6 tbi tim bilu npi dung cin thid't.
d) Cdc mdi tiTTdng hpc tap cin chuan bi dl giiip hpc sinh ki^n tao ki^n tbtfc.
Cbun bi cdc tbtf mue, tdi bdu tham khdo cho bdi day theo phtfdng phdp day hpc kien
tao-ttfdng tde (vi du nhtf trang web hpc t$p); cdc kid'n tbtfc, ki ndng, thi nghidm, phtfdng
tidn tnjfe quan, pbIn mim,...
e) Dtf kid'n ede boat ddng bpe tdp (cbinb, chu y^u) cin td chtfc cho hpc sinh ti-ong
mdt gid hpc hda bpe theo cdc dang bdi hpc thuyd't, dinh ludt; nguydn td vd chat; 6n tap,
luydn tap; bdi tbifc bdnh vd cdc boat ddng hpc tap cin dtfdc td chtfc theo phtfdng phdp
day bpe kid'n tao-ttfdng tde.
2.2. Giang vidn tid'n hanh cho sinh vidn thao ludn nhdm
Nbtfng bpe pbIn dp dung pbtfdng phdp day hpc ki^n tao-ttfdng tde gidp rdn luydn
ki ndng thid't ke kd' hoach bdi day nhtf:
- Hpc phan Pbtfdng phdp day bpe cu the (gidng day cdc cbtfdng mue d trtfdng phd
tiidng) vd bpe phan Thi nghidm tbtfc bdnh pbtfdng phdp day hpc hda hpc. Dtfdc dp dung
cho sinh vidn nam tbtf 3 trong vide thid't kd' tileb doan bdi day.
Hpc phan ren luydn nghidp vu stf pham ti-ong day bpe hda hpc d tiiTdng phd
thdng dtfdc dp dung cho sinh vidn ndm tbtf 4 trong vide thid't ke tid't hpc bode bdi day.
Trong mdi td thtfdng gdm 16 dd'n 20 sinh vidn.
De td ehtfe cho sinh vidn thdo ludn cdc vd'n dl trdn, chung toi dp dung thii thuat
trong bpe tap ddng dang, bpe tap phdi hdp vd hpc tap hdp tde vd siJf dung ed'u tnic
Jigsaw. Gidng vidn tid'n hanh chia nhdm (mdi td cd 16 sinh vidn dtfdc chia thdnh 4 nhdm,
mdi nhom cd 4 thdnh vidn) vd td chtfc cho sinh vidn gidi quyd't 4 vd'n di ndu ra theo cac
btfdc ldm vide nhtf sau:
HOAT DQNG Ctx GI ANG VIEN
1. Thanh lap nhdm hdp tac mpt each ngau
nhidn vd nhdm ndy gpi Id nbdmgd'c.
2. Phdt cho mdi thdnh vidn trong nhdm
mpt vd'n dl thdo luan. Thdng bdo thdi
gian ddnh cho sinh vidn ttf nghidn ctfu.
3. Thanh lap nhdm chuydn gia. Thdng
bdo thdi gian thdo luan trong nhdm
chuydn gia. Lln Itfdt theo doi stf thdo
luan trong cdc nhdm de cd nhffng gdi y,
dinh btfdng trpng tdm kid'n tbtfc cho cdc
chuydn gia, giup dd sinh vidn vl npi
dung pbtfdng phdp trinh bdy.
HOAT DQNG CUA SINH VIEN
Tham gia vdo cdc nhdm vd phdn chia danh
sdeh tiieo sd tiitf ttf 1, 2, 3,4.
Cdc tiidnh vidn 1, 2, 3, 4 nhdn nhiem vu
vd ttf ngbidn ctfu npi dung vd'n dl dtfdc
phdt.
Thdnh vidn ttf cdc nhdm khae nhau cd
chung chii dl gap nhau de thao luan trong
mpt nhdm mdi.
Trong khi thdo ludn, cdc thdnh vidn trao
ddi vd tap luydn vl edch tiinh bay npi ,
dung ngbidn ctfu cho nhdm gd'c cda minh.