3 Andersson, Jonas E.

4 Chupin, Jean-Pierre
5 Crossman, Camille
6 Cucuzzella, Carmela
7 Griffiths, Gareth
8 Guilherme, Pedro
8 Rocha, Joo
9 Hasu, Eija
10 Helal, Bechara
11 Hoffmavnn-Kuhnt, Thomas
11 Huovinen, Katja
12 Jasper, Michael
12 Kalakoski, Iida
13 Katsakou, Antigoni
14 Kervinen, Jokinen
14 Laitinen, Karitta
15 Lenne, Lose
15 Liang, Zheng
16 de Lima, Fabio
17 Luusua, Anna
18 Manzoni, Beatrice
19 Maununaho, Katja
20 Menon, Carlo
22 Merenmies, Eija
23 Metsl, Teemu
24 Newton, Clare
25 Newton, Clare
26 Parreno, Christian
27 Pihlajaniemi, Henrika
28 Poutanen, Jenni
29 Psilopoulos, Angelos
30 Pulkkinen, Katri-Liisa
31 Rnn, Magnus
32 Zriba Souha
33 Svensson, Charlotte
34 Ster, Monica
34 Tiitola-Meskanen, Tuuli
35 Tostrup, Elisabeth
36 Thtinen, Sari
37 Vesikansa, Kristo
38 sterlund, Toni
39 stman, Leif
Abstracts:
3
Andersson, Jonas E.
Architect SAR/MSA, Ph D Danish Building Research Institute Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
Afiliated with the Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden Email: joa@sbi.aau.dk or
jonas.andersson@arch.kth.se
Abstract
In Sweden, architectural competitions with a focus on space for dependent senior persons have regularly
been arranged. Competitions in 1907, 1948 and in 1979 were used to challenge contemporary architectural
thinking concerning space for ageing, and to generate spatial requirements for an up-coming reform of
societys responsibility vis--vis the senior part of the population. Recently, a set of three architectural
competitions was realized as an implementation of the governmental program Living well, growing old.
This initiative was launched by the Swedish government in 2010 with the clear intention of innovating
architectural planning for the dawning society with a large proportion of senior citizens. Brought together,
these competitions demonstrate the use of architectural competitions as a socio-political instrument in order
to reform the current welfare regime.
This study explores in detail the programming documentation (the competition brief and the jury report)
of the three historical competitions of the 20th century. This work will illuminate the working hypothesis
of this paper: Programming documentation of architecture competitions cannot be seen as a mere list of
functional requirements that the architects are supposed to illustrate, but as the spatial parameters of the
organizers socio-political vision of the appropriate welfare regime. The architecture competition supply
arguments for forth- coming guidelines that will be consistent with the paradigms in welfare regimes
concerning the appropriate space for ageing. The study lends support to an overarching conclusion that
architecture encapsulates a structuring grain that could be used to realize ideologies about human space.
Keywords: architecture competitions, architecture for ageing, eldercare, old peoples home, nursing home,
residential care home.
Architectural competitions and the welfare state; three competitions as
innovators of architectural space for dependent and frail older people
4
Chupin, Jean-Pierre
Questioning the Correlation Bet ween International Competitions and
Multicultural Politics Through a Comparative Survey of Canadian
Competitions (1988-2012)
Ph.D. Profess or and director of the Research Chair on Com petitions and Contemporary Practices in
Architecture at the University of Montreal, Canada.
Abstract:
Through a research program conducted at the University of Montreal Research Chair on Competitions
and Contemporary Practices in Architecture (www.crc.umontreal.ca), we underline some contradictory
perceptions related to international competitions as they can logically be seen as signs of opening to the
world and potential instruments of multicultural politics. In this paper we focus on the role of international
competitions in a multipolar world differing from the bipolar one of post World War II competitions
exempliied by the history of the Union Internationale des Architectes from the 1950s to the 197 0s. In the
Canadian context, as revealed by our database (the Canadian Competition Catalogue, www.ccc.umontreal.
ca), there has been a signiicant increase in the numb er of international competitions since the adoption
of the Canadian Multiculturalism Act in 1988. How are we to interpret this correlation? By primarily
considering competitions as indicators and not yet as instruments of political orientation, we have analysed
39 international competitions organised in Canada since 1988. Combining comparative and hermeneutical
analysis of oficial and media discourses we can identify 4 categories of international competitions
distinguishing igures and intentions related to ideas competitions and project competitions, cultural building
and their relationship to national and provincial politics. We also distinguish landscape architecture and
urban design programs as they point to the role of touristic policies and/or municipal marketing and we end
up by locating a series of recent green housing competitions displaying a tens ion between traditional
globalisation and environmental globalisation. Amongst these various polarities, remains the search for
architectural identity in the complexity of our postmodern cultures.
Keywords: International Competitions, Globalisation, Op en Competitions, Restricted Competitions,
National Politics, Multicultu ralism, Canada, Union Internationale des Architectes (UIA), Canadian
Competitions Catalogue
5
Crossman, Camille
Judging architectural quality: the role of the quality criteria in the judgment
process of architectural competition.
Ph.D. candidate in Architecture cole darchitecture, Universit de Montral L.E.A.P (Laboratoire dtude
de larchitecture potentielle) 2940, chemin de la Cte Sainte-Catherine, bur.2076 Montral, QC, H3T 1B9,
CANADA tel: 514-343-6111 ext.1095 www.leap.umontreal.ca
Abstract:
This paper is written as a part of my doctoral thesis research, which proposes to analyze how the concept
of architectural quality is deined, operationalized and judged in the speciic situation of contemporary
architectural competitions. As Peter Collins (1971) has posed the question in Architectural Judgement, our
general research question could be summarized by how can architectural quality be judged?1
During the judgment process, the submissions are evaluated by a jury, in regard of the desired quality
deined by the criteria of the competitions rulebook. In order to nominate one winning project, the members
of the jury must build a collective judgment (Chupin, 2011)2. At the end of the jurys process, the judgment
is summarized and articulated by the enunciation of a series of arguments in the jury report. The laureate
project is then announced and critiqued by the public the journalists community.
Considering the complexity of architectural judgments problematic in the architectural competition context,
this article will focus on one speciic aspect: the quality criteria. The quality criteria represent one of the
most tangible data available to study of architectural judgment. They are generally divided into six main
categories: aesthetic, functional, technical, social, economic and environmental (Nicolas, 2007)3. But what
is the effective role of the judgment criteria in the juries of architectural competition? How are they used?
Do they, and if so, how do they contribute to the relexive process?
In order to propose an hypothesis to this question, this article will be focused on the analysis of the quality
criteria and the judgment process of two contemporary architectural competitions held in Qubec (Canada)
in 2010 and 2011 that we had the opportunity to observe. In summary, the proposed paper raises the
following question: what is the role of the quality criteria on the judgment process and on the construction of
the architectural judgment?
Keywords: Architecture, competition, qualitative judgment, architectural quality, quality criteria
6
Cucuzzella, Carmela
Use and Abuse of Environmental Norms in the Competition: Case Studies from
Canadian Architectural Competition 2008-2011
PhD Assistant Professor, Design and Computation Arts Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Concordia
University. Associate Researcher, Laboratoire dtude de larchitecture potentielle (LEAP), lUniversit de
Montral
carmela.cucuzzella@concordia.ca
Abstract
This paper is part of an on-going research program studying the opportunities, paradoxes and counter-
productive effects of environmental norms and certiications on design and on the quality of public spaces.
If globally, architects, landscape and urban designers have always felt concerned about the repercussions
of their projects on the environment, society and culture, they now face, paradoxically, a plethora of
quantitative assessment tools, methods or norms (requiring expertise) which play a signiicant and decisive
role regarding their projects. Today, we are witnessing this particularity in the competition process, where
a series of unexpected practices and/or effects related to these norms and certiications is emerging (i.e.:
unexpected shortcomings of actual environmental).
In the Canadian context, with the introduction of a nation-wide environmental certiication system in 2003
(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED), there is still far too little research on how such
certiications are impacting the quality of the built environment, and even less so on the practices related
to the competition situation. In this paper, we ask whether environmental norms and certiications are irst,
being indiscriminately used in the competition context, second, if and how these norms may exacerbate
tensions in the competition, and inally, we suggest a model that has been used outside the context of
competitions to articulate the complexity in design thinking in the context of sustainability. We show how
this model operates in the Canadian context by analyzing 4 competition cases with cultural programs
launched between 2008-2011.
Keywords: Design for sustainability, environmental norms, qualitative judgment, precautionary principle,
architectural competitions
7
Grifiths, Gareth
No competition Warped educational strategies in simulation of practice
Tampere University of Technology
Abstract
The following paper is an account of a short contemporary experiment based on a project for a site in San
Francisco made in 1978 at the University of California under the direction of Christopher Alexander and
his associates. Alexander et al had used the project to demonstrate what they termed a new theory of
urban design based on bottom-up incrementalism rather than a top-down master plan. In a greatly reduced
formulation of the project, students in Tampere, Finland, were initially kept in the dark about Alexanders
theory, method and results and were asked to generate ideas as in a typical urban design project. But rather
than choose designs deemed most appropriate to the theory, as Alexander argued, as if in an architectural
competition (which is how the students partly viewed the exercise), partly random or warped ideas resulting
from rationally made decisions were chosen which the students then had to react to in the next stage. The
point of the experiment was to demonstrate how urban plans evolve or devolve while at the same time
addressing the theoretical-ideological stances of the students which they previously had not articulated. The
question of ideology brought up the issue addressed in recent times by David Harvey (following Lefebvre)
about the right to the city within the current dominant neoliberal urbanization process.
Keywords: Urban design, incrementalism, Christopher Alexander, competition, ideology, David Harvey,
neoliberalism, ethics
8
Guilherme, Pedro, Architect, M.Eng., PhD Student
Rocha, Joo, Arch, Ph.D
Architectural Competitions As A Lab : A Study On Souto De Mouras
Competitions Entries
CHAIA (Centre for Art History and Artistic Research) - vora University, Palcio do Vimioso, Largo
Marqus de Marialva 8, 7000-809 vora, (+351) 266706581, www.chaia.uevora.pt/en
CIDEHUS (Centro Interdisciplinar de Histria, Culturas e Sociedades ), vora University, Palcio do
Vimioso, Apartado 94, 7002-554 vora, (+351) 266706581, http://www.cidehus.uevora.pt/
Abstract
International competitions relect architects personal design beyond controlled systems of social relations,
comfort zones, age, gender or even expertise, in a fast risky sublimation process. At the same time they
generate publicity and a public recognition which may surpasses the investments in time, energy and
inancial resources.
Based on the work of the 2011 Pritzker laureate - Portuguese architect Eduardo Souto de Moura we put
forward the hypothesis that international competitions act as an intersection between research and practice
emerged through the nature of individual architecture. Souto de Moura follows Alvaro Siza Vieira and the
Oporto School applied practice. From 1979 to 2010 he submitted 50 competition entries, more than half
international, of which 26 competitions were completed between 2007 and 2010.
International competitions, besides acting as a refraction of a working method for a speciic proposal act as
an important resource for personal relective practice and are seldom collected, compiled or jointly analysed.
This paper will collect, document and outline the epistemology of the professional practice associated to
the phenomenon of internationalization of this Portuguese architect. We will illustrate two competitions
- Salzburg Hotel (1987-89) and The Bank (1993) - and one built project in Oporto - Burgo Tower
(1991-95 Phase 1; 2003-04 Phase 2; 2007 Construction) - that share a progression of methodological
imagery, clarity and innovation from the initial immateriality towards the built form.
Souto de Mouras work relentlessly and repeatedly searches for the solution that serves the program and
the task at hand taking risks and challenges as stimulation for creativity, conveying relection in theory and
culture and, at the same time, remaining obsessive towards speciic themes. Souto de Moura is permanently
a scientist in a lab: satisfying clients needs (or as acting as one), creating beauty, elegance and solving
riddles, thus addressing competitions with qualiied rhetoric.
We conclude proposing that competitions provide a theoretical corpus of knowledge, besides what is
speciic and unique to each one individually, which infer the existence of an overlapping and intertwined
complex system of projects. Consequently, competitions constitute an optimised interface for the continuity
of research for the architectural author where design statements put forward in proposals transcend the
boundaries of the competition.
Keywords: Architectural Research, Competitions, Eduardo Souto de Moura, Portugal
9
Hasu, Eija
Urban Planning for Social Sustainability: The Residents View
PhD candidate, M.Sc. (landscape arch.), M.Sc. (econ.) Department of Architecture, Aalto University
eija.hasu@aalto.i / gsm +358.40.8456578 Aija
Staffans Senior Research Fellow, D.Sc. (tech.) Land Use Planning and Urban Studies Group Department of
Surveying and Planning, Aalto University aija.staffans@aalto.i / gsm +358.40.5164142
Abstract
During the last decades, sustainability as a planning goal has invited academic interest broadly. However,
this goal has been regarded as challenging. Social sustainability as such has been associated to human
well-being and quality of life, yet sustainability research has implied that the practice tends to emphasize
ecological and economic aspects of sustainability, leaving social sustainability into shadows.
Social sustainability as a concept, but also as a design principle, was examined as part of MODEL2020-
project appointed by the three major land-owners and developers in Kirkkonummi, Finland. During the
research project, a total of 39 household interviews were conducted. The focal point of the interview
study was to understand, in what ways aspects of social sustainability are recognisable in the inhabitant
housing practices. The aim was based on the developers research agenda aiming to implement social
sustainability into design principles. Additionally, this article investigates whether the residential viewpoint
of sustainability results in different interpretations of social sustainability in comparison with the more
established deinitions of social sustainability, especially in the ield of urban planning.
In terms of residential satisfaction and dimensions of social sustainability, the sense of place as well as
the sense of community was identiied as of major importance, amongst the need for participation and
involvement. Even though the factors might be perceived as self-evident, they seldom are integrated into
the planning discourse and principles. Furthermore, a change in perspective from institution to dwellers
approach indicated a wide-ranging dispersion in the interpretations of social sustainability. If the different
approaches are kept separately, social sustainability will remain a theoretical concept, isolated from the
pragmatic planning.
Keywords: social sustainability, sustainable planning, housing preferences, institutional perspective,
dwellers perspective
10
Helal, Bechara
A Collective Brain in the Grey Zone of Architecture
The Hybridization of Research and Design in the Architectural Laboratory
PhD candidate in Architecture School of Architecture, Universit de Montral Research Chair on
Competitions and Contemporary Practices in Architecture (www.crc.umontreal.ca) Laboratoire dtude de
lArchitecture Potentielle (www.leap.umontreal.ca) bechara.helal@umontreal.ca
Abstract
Architecture as a discipline has often been described as an opposition between design and practice on one
side and research and theory on the other. This opposition mirrors the distinction between the goals of
professional designers and those of academic researchers: whereas the former produce architectural projects
in their design studios, the latter use the architectural project as an object of study in order to produce new
theoretical knowledge in their research groups. Seemingly different from the design studio and the research
group, a new type of workspace has been appearing in the ield architecture: the architectural laboratory.
Starting with the hypothesis that the architectural laboratory can be linked to the scientiic laboratory and is
therefore a place of pure research that can be only found within an academic context, this paper will study
this recently emerging model by putting it in relation with the two apparently incompatible activities that
are research and design. We will probe the hybrid nature of the practices at the heart of the architectural
laboratories by considering cases from both the professional and the academic contexts. One case is the
Laboratory for Visionary Architecture (LAVA), a contemporary architectural practice. The second case is the
Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation (GSAPP) at Columbia University where a large
number of laboratories have been set up. Through a description of the activities of these laboratories, we will
show how this emerging model is an indicator of a tightening interrelation of the once distinct practices of
research and design.
Keywords: laboratory, workspace, research, design, knowledge, discipline
11
Hoffmann-Kuhnt, Thomas
The balancing act between historicism and monument preservation in some
international competitions in Germany
Dipl. Ing. Chief Editor and Founder of the journal wa wettbewerbe aktuell
Introduction
Visiting a town for the irst time I would always go irst to its historic part. Here it reveals its true character
and each town has a different one! Much of the history is explained by the traces of its founders, by the
grown urban structure and by the facades of the historic buildings. Intuitively one is allocating a building
function to the facades: they are (so to speak) the interface between observer and functions they are the
face.
Whenever I revisit this town, I will normally right away recognize it, if its character could be maintained.
Many new town extensions are nondescript and interchangeable. Very often they don t have their own
distinctive character. Utopian new buildings from star architects can add a landmark or signature building,
but they can never give the town its own unique character.
Huovinen, Katja
Nowadays life in the Cities of Past: (re)inhabiting the Historic Urban Space
Aalto University
khuovinen@tiscali.it
Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyze how a historic urban space can meet the needs of nowadays life, and
still maintain its liveliness and authenticity. All the actors dont see the historic urban space in the same
way; some conlict can be detected between the utilitarian and the idealized space and even commonly used
arguments for and against the urban conservation. Ive identiied some critical points like abandonment and
decay, the decrease of the number of inhabitants, the loss of an identity or the role in the life of surrounding
(modern) city, the changes in the division between public and private space, heavy-handed and authenticity-
threatened renovation. After scanning the most common causes for conlict, I try to analyze what kind of
value is attached to heritage goods in all the three cases.
Keywords: Old Rauma, Sassi di Matera, Visby, urban conservation, sustainability, heritage economics,
World Heritage
12
Jasper, Michael
Practicing Close Reading with Peter Eisenman and the Case of Terragni
Assistant Professor in Architecture University of Canberra ACT 2600 Australia michael.jasper@canberra.
edu.au
Abstract
This paper examines the methods and reach of Peter Eisenmans work on historical phenomenon through
the ilter of his writings on Giuseppe Terragni. Focus is given to understanding the range of architectural
ideas underlying Eisenmans decades long engagement. It addresses topics in The Future of the Past session,
suggesting that certain approaches to the history of architecture can advance the practice and theory of
architecture.
An opening proposition is that Eisenmans analytical styles oscillate around inner processes of design and
that consequent or contingent architectural effects cannot be described as a single, linear, evolution. General
questions informing the larger context for the work include: Is one analytical style or manner a more pure,
more direct method of historical analysis, more ideal or identical to the object of study? What are the
differences among the writings in terms of the theories of composition and spatial effect revealed? How
might such methods of analysing works from architectures recent past inform contemporary practice?
Keywords: architecture, history, practice, form, space, Peter Eisenman, Giuseppe Terragni
Kalakoski, Iida
Patina: Material Aging as an Experiential Factor in Architecture
M. Arch
Tampere University of Technology
Abstract
This paper approaches material aging as a process of built environment that affects not only on material
durability but also on the experiential values of the architectural entity. The aim of this paper is to study and
re- evaluate the vague concept of patina by examining different approaches towards it. The concept of patina
might be deined technically, visually or in an experiential way. Examining different values of patina enables
to create theoretical basis to its invocation in architectural design and restoration.
Keywords: material aging, decay, patina, abrasion, experiential values, surface
13
Katsakou, Antigoni
The Competition Generation
The case study of young professionals emerging in the architectural scene of
Switzerland through the process framework of housing competitions
(Architect, PhD)
Research Afiliate, EPFL / Bartlett School of Graduate Studies
Abstract
Switzerland is one of the European countries with the longest tradition in competition organizing; since the
mid-nineties the systematic organization of competitions that aimed at the construction of new collective
housing complexes and the renovation of existing ones has produced an impressive variety of urban building
forms and apartment types. It has equally established an important and clear link between the competitions
process framework and the quest for qualitative design in the housing sector of the market.
The article proposes an analysis of this framework from the point of view of its signiicance for the younger
professionals. During the last ifteen years, period in which housing competitions are systematically
promoted by State services as quality-guarantee procedures, a whole new generation of architects, currently
in their thirties or early forties, emerges from the competitions background. The importance of competitions
for younger professionals has often been discussed in the international bibliography; the contemporary
Swiss architectural scene seems to conirm such arguments and to provide a speciic case-study of a country
where a signiicant number of architects become increasingly well-known through competition awards,
acquired equally in less radiant competition procedures, such as the ones usually concerning residential
construction.
Keywords: competitions, housing, Swiss architecture, young professionals
14
Kervinen, Minttu, M.Sc. (Arch.), School of Architecture, Tampere University of Technology. P.O. Box 600,
33101 Tampere, Finland. minttu.kervinen(at)tut.i
Jokinen, Ari, PhD (Admin.), School of Management, 33014 University of Tampere, Finland. ari.jokinen(at)
uta.i
Seppl, Maria, M.Sc. (Admin.), School of Social Sciences and Humanities, 33014 University of Tampere,
Finland. maria.e.seppala(at)uta.i.
Built/green boundaries as a source of human-ecological urban dynamics
Abstract
The prevailing theories and practices of planning and design uphold strict boundaries between the built and
green parts of a city. We analysed these boundaries as potential sources of urban natures and human well-
being using a multidisciplinary approach. Our study area, a large forested recreational area in the middle
of two suburban settlements, is located in the city of Tampere, Finland. We used ethnographic walks along
the built/green boundaries to gather data on physical artefacts for analysis of adjacent residents everyday
practices at the boundary. Our indings suggest that as boundary-makers urban residents may signiicantly
affect urban environments as they enact, change, and propel hybrid forms of urban development that blur
the distinction between built and green parts of a city. We found three hybrid dimensions of urban nature
enacted by residents: extended territoriality, hybrid ecologies, and rhizomes of paths, which function
simultaneously and transform the qualities of the boundary. We conclude that boundary dynamics open up
possibilities to ind novel connections between emerging urban natures and human well-being and also help
planners and designers to perceive the cultural origins of nature in cities.
Keywords: boundary, complexity, practices, recreational forest, urban design, urban ecology, urban
residents, well-being
Laitinen, Karitta
Towards high quality in constructed environments or unsuccessful attempts
to it? - Architectural Competitions in Finland 1982-2011 and a few cases from
Lohja
Researcher, architect, licentiate of technology, doctoral student, Aalto University /School of Engineering /
Land Use Planning and Urban Studies Group, karitta.laitinen@aalto.i
Abstract
In Finland there is a long tradition of competing in architecture. The irst competitions were held about
120 years ago. It has been a good way to maintain high quality in constructed environments, but many
competitions were held without any concrete results. I classify architectural competitions which have
been held during the last 30 years according to four categories: irstly competitions, which have been
materialized, secondly unrealized competitions, thirdly partially materialized and fourthly the actual
competitions, where the plans have changed.
As a case study, in Lohja, which is a little town about 50 kilometers northwest of Helsinki, nine architectural
competitions have been held, ive of them in the last three decades. I analyze those by applying the above-
mentioned categories, using the semiotic square of Algirdas Julien Greimas.
Keywords: architectural competitions, planning, building, semiotics
15
Lenne, Lose
The Premises of the Event
Are architectural competitions incubators for events?
Doctorante, Universit Paris-Est
email : loise.lenne@univ-paris-est.fr
Abstract
If the event in architecture exists, what better place to create it than architectural competitions and their
constant search for quality? In this paper, we intend to evaluate the importance of the competitions for the
built results, in the case of the Grande Arche in La Dfense (Johann Otto von Spreckelsen, 1982-1989)
and the Lloyds building of London (Richard Rogers partnership, 1977-1986). For that purpose, we will
detail the history of these two projects, as well as the organization of the competition. We will discover the
importance of several actors, besides the architects, of these projects.
In the end, we will see that even if the competition seems to be an interesting tool in the creation of an
event, one must put it into perspective. The history of such sites and institutions, as well as the architectural
response, weigh a lot in the event, and, moreover, in the type of event that the building becomes.
Keywords: Event, Competition, Program, Jury, Client, Great Arch, Lloyds
Liang, Zheng
Re-imaging the city: A procedural analysis on case study of contemporary large-
scale design competitions of Baietan, Guangzhou in China
Centre for Urban and Regional Studies (YTK), School of Engineering, Aalto University, Finland
Abstract:
The importance of c ontemporary design competition in fast-growing China has been more and more
recognized in the context of world trade organization and globalization of ideas and other aspects of culture.
However, there is rare scientiic analysis on how international design competitions are introduced, interacted
and transplanted in a Chinese context. In current paper, the author will analyse how the international design
competitions were translated both in an international and local perspective. It is mainly argued that
international design competition has been utilized in a top-down approach, in which arose cultural and social
discrepancies with respect to implementation. International design competitions for Guangzhou city were
chosen as the case study due to their speciic relation to city strategic plan and their representativeness for
using international design competitions along with large-scale construction project in China.
Herein, content-analysis based literature and documentation review was approached as the research
methodology, and the different roles of stake holders and their perspective on international design
competitions were carefully elaborated, in the scenario of Baietan design competition. The preliminary
indings suggest that a bottom-up approach is necessary to be addressed in order to promote competition
system and thus avoid possible risks conveyed with ill-suited international design competitions in China.
Keyword: design competition, content analysis, procedural analysis, case studies, strategic planning
16
Fabio J. M. de Lima, UFJF; Raquel von R. Portes, UFJF; Barbara L. Barbosa, UFJF; Helena T.
Creston, UFJF/EAUFMG; Ana P. L. P. Cruz, UFJF; Larissa R. Moura, UFJF; Antonio Carlos Boscariol,
UFJF; Bianca M. Veiga, UFJF; Danilo de Lima Guimaraes, UFJF; Aline Fernandes Barata, UFJF; Livea
Pereira, UFJF; Willian C. M. Areas, UFJF .
Digital Midias And Participation On The Role Of Architecture And Urban
Planning In A Time Of Continuous Change, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Abstract
The study exposes a multidisciplinary urban planning research that involves participation with a core
network (World Wide Web) in order to disseminate results, and to systematize the contents in terms of
database this structured online. The main goal is to enable research platform that allows participation
in urban planning process to discussions of related issues, particularly the protection of the memory
and cultural heritage. Through a website and a network of social midias the possibility to increase the
community participation in order to disseminate results, and to systematize the contents in terms of bank
data, all of this structured online. The study was developed as a function of community demands related
urban problems in particular about the cultural references of small and medium towns. The work involved
approaches with work ield, interviews and workshops with communities where current problems are
discussed and also reviewed the history of the cities. These approaches intends to prepare communities in
sense of a sustainable urban planning to enable a qualiied prospect for future generations. In this process the
theories of architecture and urban planning are somehow translated to allow understanding by communities.
The irst results have revealed that the participatory process strengthens the sense of cooperation and
criticism on public policies. These results were signiicant because the possibility of integrating the site with
other media publication and blog sites as virtual relationships become the best documented and participatory
activities. In this sense, what is expected with http://www.ufjf.br/urbanismomg site is to provide a dialogue
between University and communities about theories of urban planning and architecture. The site also lies in
the facebook pages on http://www.facebook.com/pages/urbanismomg/208071325885839?sk=info updated
daily with information addressing the research. The work is supported by CAPES, CNPq, Ministerio das
Cidades, Ministerio da Cultura and FAPEMIG.
Keywords: urban planning, sustainable, architecture theory, urban planning, history ofthe cities,
participation
17
Luusua, Anna
Computing in the City: Towards evaluating digitally augmented urban places
UBI Urban Metrics University of Oulu MSc.(Arch) Deptartment of Architecture
anna.luusua@oulu.i
Abstract:
After the introduction of the third paradigm in computing, information technology has become a part of our
urban environment to the extent that most city centres in the developed world could now be described as
being digitally augmented. These ubiquitous systems, which have been infused into our daily lives in many
formsas urban screens, tablet computers, smart phones, intelligent lighting control systems and security
systems to name only a fewpose an undeniable challenge to architectural and urban design practice and
theory.
The work on theorising ubiquitous computing from an architectural and urban design point of view has
only begun in the works of Mitchell (1995), McCullough (2004), Aurigi (2008) and others. However, the
larger theme of the relationship between people, the places we inhabit, and the technological tools we create
has been a major general topic of discussion within architectural and urban design theory. The theorising,
exploration and critique of ubiquitous computing from an architectural and urban design point of view,
then, represents an emerging and necessary subset of this larger theme. Additionally, the many forms of
computing in the built environment offer opportunities for designers to augment our traditional public
places with useful, artistic, and engaging applications. However, the introduction of such paradigms as
ubiquitous and experiential computing directly inluence the ield of architecture and urban design both as
objects of design and as objects which inluence their urban context. Therefore, a completely disinterested
attitude from the part of the architectural community would risk unknown changes for the worse in our built
environment.
Motivated by this phenomenon, this paper discusses the effects of technology on the urban environment,
in what ways urban computing applications can augment public places, and examines some general
frameworks concerning the urban environment in order to begin the work on constructing a conceptual
framework for urban computing.
Keywords: urban computing, urban design
18
Manzoni, Beatrice
The Performing Paradox Of A Rchitects Competing Goals And Strategies In
Architectural Competitions
SDA Assistant Professor, Organisatio n and Hu man Resources Management Department, SDA Bocconi
School of Management Via Bocconi 8 , 20136 Milan, Italy P hD Candidate, Constructio n and Project
Management, Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
batrice.manzoni@unibocconi.it
Abstract
In architecture competitions are fascinating. Over the years, they have increasingly become a popular
mechanism for architects in acquiring work and clients in looking for designers. Still they are a debated
topic presenting several controversial issues. In fact, competitions are a fertile ground for contradictions and
management oxymora: architectural irms doing competitions regularly confront with several paradoxes.
In organizational terms, a paradox is a set of contradictory yet interrelated elements, logical in isolation
but irrational when juxtaposed. Paradoxical tensions exist simultaneously and persist over time with no
resolution, therefore attending competing tensions. Through an inductive qualitative single-case base d
research, the paper explores paradoxes of competing goals and strategies experienced by architectural
practices competing, their underlying tensions and management approaches. More speciically the paper
suggests several competing goals (e.g. winning a competition, exploring in design terms, building reputation,
expanding the practice portfolio, reinforcing a team spirit and fulilling emotional needs) architects cope
with through building a paradoxical vision and diversifying the competitions portfolio.
Keywords: architectural competitions, organisational paradoxes, competing goals and strategies.
19
Maununaho, Katja
Relective design and dynamic multicultural everyday environment
MSc (Arch), researcher, TUT School of Architecture, katja@maununaho.i
Abstract
Cultures of everyday life are consisted of diverse practices, routes and related meanings in everyday
environments. Everyday life offers a rich set of ingredients of which only parts have been recognized in
architectural design. The increasing multicultural character in society challenges further the concepts
of normality in everyday, and this should be relected also in the built environment. This paper seeks to
discuss the relationship of multiculturalism and urban architectural design. What kind of concepts of
multiculturalism should be taken as starting points in design? How architectural spatial design can
respond to the social and cultural changes in local communities, and what kind of social, cultural
or architectural advantages this spatial social relection can have on our everyday environments.
Is it possible to develop spatial solutions that would contribute to desirable social changes, or
does it actually work the other way around, social and cultural diversity contributing to more vital urban
environments? These subjects are addressed in this paper following the guide lines of diversity and
justice, recognition and cross cultural communication presented in planning and design discipline
literature, and relected in contemporary design topics, in order to deine starting points for
developing design practices and processes that could respond to the demands of present society.
Keywords: multiculturalism, cross cultural communication, recognition, everyday practices, design
concepts
20
Carlo Menon, David Vanderburgh
Open programmes, Tactics and Strategies, and a Conlictual Model of
Architectural Competitions
Abstract
In what way can the program support creativity and innovative solutions in competitions? How do
competing architects use the brief in their architectural work with design proposals?
These two questions addressed in the call for abstracts resume well the two sides of an asymmetrical
playground in which, on one side, the competition organizers instigate creativity and, on the other side,
competing architects work both for and against the client, the jury, even the programme itself.
Everyone has in mind certain great competitions that have marked the history of architecture: the Centre
Pompidou and the Parc de la Villette in Paris, the Chicago Herald Tribune, the Palais des Nations in Geneva.
Today the situation is different, as competitions have been largely institutionalized and have lost the aura
they had as recently as 20 years ago. This institutionalization, at least in some countries, has made it more
technical, professional, hygienic; a routine has been established. But still, the process has its asperities,
contradictions and noise that maintain a certain excitement, creativity and debate around competitions.
Of course, one cannot expect every recent competition to be a moment of genuine innovation there are
too many but competitions still represent one of the best ways to foster architectural quality, whatever that
may mean.
1. An open programme might seem to be the best tool to inform architects about project constraints, without
making it too much a question of square meters and pipes. The competition organizer must, in this case,
know where to stop in trying to pre-determine the result, to be present without being omnipresent, especially
when dealing with a complex situation or a symbolic project (a museum, a city hall, a court, a school). But
the programme is not only what is written on paper: it is also what is implicit, culturally or politically
relevant, but impossible to say publicly. The open programme, in this case, may also be an easy way to select
an architect who is close to the client organization and shares its ideas, as against other architects positions
that might have been explicitly excluded from the beginning. Might there not be a risk of unfairness, then ?
Or even a failed or feigned attempt at non-discrimination?
Moreover, an open programme is not always possible. What can a competition organizer do when it comes
down to very speciic programmes, such as for prisons or hospitals ? Should they limit architects to work
on the little that is left outside codes, laws and norms, that is : facades and building technology? Or should
they, on the contrary, try to provoke a public debate in order to make the institution anew? And if so, would
competing architects be ready for that? Would the jury?
A recent Belgian competition for a juvenile criminal institution is the starting point of our considerations.
2. Furthermore, we would like to take into account the local speciicities at stake in the competition universe.
Most architectural competitions are a ield in which a limited number of elements interplay, depending on
one another; at least this seems to be true for Belgium and for Scandinavian countries. There are common
habits, a limited history, a sort of jurisprudence upon which both parts of the competition ield base the
tactical preparation of their instruments. We intend to show that neither the competition organizer and their
jury, nor the competing architects go too far from the habits of their milieu (this is maybe a reason why it
is dificult for a foreign irm to win a competition against local architects), if they dont want to risk losing
contact with each other. Even provocative architects keep a balance, respecting an unwritten limit which
has been deined step by step, competition after competition. Within these relatively closed architectural
environments, perhaps only the competition organizers, writing different programmes and adjusting the
competition rules, can strategically disable these habits and they hope renew architectural creativity and
innovation.
3. Since preparing for a recent conference in Montreal, we have been working on a conlictual model
21
underlying architectural competitions and their constitutive elements. We came up with the idea of total
competition, not only between architects and their proposals, but also between and among representational
aspects of the entry (models, drawings, texts, speech), and even between elements like the programme, the
competition rules, the architects own winning strategies and the jurys competences, and so forth. We are
of course concerned about the possible limits of this model, or metaphor, well aware that it is dificult to
generalize about competitions. Is it then futile to try to work toward a comprehensive, general theory about
how good architectural competitions are or should be organized ? Can an intelligent competition organizer
only look backward, building knowledge from previous experience on an empirical, case by case basis? Can
research only identify temporary and local models of an ever-changing, protean reality? One of the aims of
our contribution to this 4th International Conference on Architectural Competitions would be think further
about this conlictual model, trying to deine the limits within which it can be considered as valid and
most of all the elements upon which research can insist in order to carry forward theoretical knowledge,
education and the evolution of good practices in architectural competitions.
22
Merenmies, Eija
Question of style and of the signiicance of the University of Helsinki The
competition for the extension of the main building of Helsinki University in 1931
Architect SAFA Finland
Abstract:
Of many plans to extend the main building of the University of Helsinki, I have paid special attention to the
architectural competition for the annex of the main building conducted in 1931. This was the most important
competition of the time. It crystallized the contrary views of functionalists and classicists.
One of the main questions in my research is how the main building (1832), by C. L. Engel, inluenced the
plans for the extension. This involves the issues of style, pastiche, and the principles of building extensions.
The Finnish Association of Architects criticized the competition brief for having being inluenced by the
earlier, schematic designs. Many well-known architects such as J. S. Sirn, P. E. Blomstedt, Elsi Borg and
Alvar Aalto submitted entries to the competition. Most of the 26 entries were classicistic and had a closed
town block. The functionalistic entries preserved Engels semi-open block structure. Overall both classicist
and functionalist competitors acknowledged the value of Engels architecture. For the competition entries
they transformed their styles towards a more conservative appearance.
The competition produced a debate. Some expressed fears that a functionalistic extension would diminish
the prestige of Engels building.
In 1934 Sirn received the commission for the extension. The decision makers of the University wanted
the faades to replicate those of Engels part, the extended building had to be one entirety. The solution
for the massing came from Engels Senate building. The choice of Classicism had symbolic and political
motivations.
For my work Ive researched extensively literature, minutes of Consistorium meetings and also the
building committees minutes of Helsinki University, architectural magazines, press articles, photographs,
and original drawings. My research is a case study. The research methodology includes scrutinizing the
literary material, architectural analysis of drawings, comparison with the other works of the architects, and
comparative analysis of published architecture that was presumably known to the architects.
Keywords: University, Helsinki, annex, classicism of the 20s, functionalism, pastiche, competition
23
Metsl, Teemu
Nightlife In Urban Design
Arkkitehti SAFA RIBA Mkelnkatu 15 D 33 00550 Helsinki e.
teemumetsala@gmail.com m. 0440748920
Abstract
This text describes the origins of nightlife in the modern city, and explains how the nocturnal city supports
the public realm. Robert Venturis impression of the nocturnal cityscape of Las Vegas points directly to the
key character of nightlife and nocturnal city; abstracted ambiguity. The struggle between darkness and light
transforms the urban environment from physical location into an inaccurate and simpliied image, which is
open to various interpretations. It is interesting to ind out how nightlife has become a modern commodity,
and assess if it has potential to become an urban asset.
Perhaps its the sheer amount of ever changing factors and complexity of the subject, but all urban
design theories seem to be a bit out of breath and unfounded when projected against the uncontrolled
pandemonium of the modern city. This could be one of the reasons why the contemporary architectural
trends are fascinated with a variety of abstracted diagrams and statistics, which are becoming substantially
more informative, sizeable and also quite persuasive in appearance due to the advanced and more powerful
computer technology. At the same time, architects have become more and more skilled in presenting
complex conigurations via over-simpliied and visually comfortable diagrams, which help the authorities to
understand urban process better and make important decisions quickly and eficiently.
Nightlife could help to redeine the urban design process in a profound way. In order to comprehend a
nocturnal phenomenon in relation to urban design, an exploration of urban modernity is necessary. Only
by re-setting the relationship between the city and the architect-designer the triviality of nightlife could be
converted into a set of design values.
Keywords: Nightlife, nocturnal city, consumer society, laneur, attitude, Venturi, Kolhaas, Tschumi,
Pallasmaa, public realm
24
Clare Newton, Sarah Backhouse
Competing in Architecture: The Complexity Dilemma
Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010,
Australia
c.newton@unimelb.edu.au, saraheb@unimelb.edu.au
Abstract
Architectural competitions are accepted internationally as a way to choose an architect or an architectural
design or develop ideas for challenging issues. This paper explores untapped potential for competitions
to be part of a research process in the same way that crowd sourcing can help escalate knowledge. Over
the last three years, a multidisciplinary team has explored a research methodology that included an Ideas
Competition at its heart. Competitions are typically conceived as a one-way knowledge transfer process
with competitors addressing the needs of a client. In contrast, a key aspect of our strategy was to use
the competition brief as an educative tool aimed at shifting knowledge within our design community on
tipping points within education, design and construction environments. We argue that competitions can be
strategically conceived to leverage knowledge between academia and industry in both directions but there is
an intrinsic dificulty to do with complexity.
In this paper we explore some of the strategies for the research, asking what the ingredients are for a
successful competition. We explore how the complexity of the design question can be at odds with entries
presenting easily digestible messages for time-poor juries. Are some questions just too complex to be tackled
successfully in a one-stage ideas competition? Bringing expertise as a competition advisor, the irst author
positioned the competition format into the research process. The second author brought applied expertise in
brief development and working with complex teams. Both see competitions embedded within research as a
way of encouraging cultural step change when faced by wicked problems.
Keywords: Competition briefs, complex designs, multidisciplinary designs, school design, competitions as
research.
25
Clare Newton, Sarah Backhouse
Redeining the Relocatable: Multidisciplinary design for a wicked problem
Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010,
Australia
c.newton@unimelb.edu.au, saraheb@unimelb.edu.au
Abstract
This paper centres on a three-year Australian Research Project that has sought to redeine an important
component of Australias education infrastructure, the relocatable classroom, as high performance and
design-led through a multidisciplinary research process. Our focus has been to encourage conversations
between educators, designers, government procurement teams and manufacturers. This has been more
dificult than expected as we speak different epistemological languages and see the world through different
lenses. The paper will track some of the obstacles and strategies for carrying out a multidisciplinary research
process.
There are tipping points occurring worldwide in prefabrication, sustainability technologies, 21st century
pedagogies, and information technologies. To continue building new learning environments based on what
was designed yesterday, without taking advantage of new possibilities, will be wasteful of scarce funding
resources.
The relocatable classroom is yet to beneit from these advances and remains a learning environment that
many people consider as second rate. For decades the relocatable classroom has been maligned for its
unfavourable indoor environment quality, low aesthetic appeal, temporary quality, and lack of adaptability
in light of changing pedagogical trends. The manifold reasons for this are complex, although the primary
issue centres on them being considered less important than permanent buildings because they are perceived
as temporary. Fundamental questions arise. How temporary are they? Does this justify a less than optimum
learning setting? In order for these classrooms to become agile and high performance places for teaching and
learning they need to be considered from an inclusive, multidisciplinary base rather than the current silos of
practice.
Keywords: Design Research, Multidisciplinary Research, Relocatable Classrooms
26
Parreno, Christian
Boredom and Modernity: a Spatial Mediation
Psychology and Late Nineteenth-century Architectural Theory
PhD Candidate The Oslo School of Architecture and Design. Supervised by Prof. Mari Lending and Prof.
Iain Borden (The Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London)
Abstract
Different to the short-lived speciicity of emotions, boredom is a mood that entails a long-term relation
without a narrative. The qualities of boredom are not exclusive of the boring object or the bored subject
but constitute a relation that exposes an involuntary deicit of meaning. It is a state of ambiguity, of idleness
and restlessness; it is a symptom that, by encouraging introspection and transgression, can also turn into a
cure.
These characteristics are also properties of modernity. Consequently, boredom problematises the paradoxes
and contradictions of being in this era. The overpowering of the processes of capitalism, industrialisation,
secularisation, rationalisation, urbanisation and the consolidation of the nation-state has resulted in an
everyday characterised by monotony. In this context, boredom surfaces not only as an index of an alternative
sensibility to the values and visions of modernism but also as a critical experience that evinces a relation
of tension between the subject and the environment. The resulting subjectivity demanded the rise of
psychology as a discipline in charge to elucidate how the complexity of modern living is shaped by space.
As a result, boredom was normalised.
Although this condition has been extensibely studied and represented, especially during the last century, its
iniltration in architectural thought has been overlooked. Consequently, this paper part of a comprehensive
research on boredom adopts a historical approach to ground a conceptual axis able to expose this notion
as an emotional, intellectual and physical condition. In order to discuss boredom within the frame of
architecture and space, psychology is linked to architectural theory by tracing the inluence of the former
into the latter the work of Lipps and Vischer serves as a node to articulate psychological elaborations by
Bollnow, Schachtel and Fenichel with architectural explanations by Wlflin and Gller. This juxtaposition
suggests that the modern conceptualisation of space is a formulation dependent on the relation between the
affections of the subject and the built environment.
Keywords: boredom; modernity;body; psycholog; architectural change.
27
Pihlajaniemi, Henrika
Participation In Lighting Design For Dwelling And For Urban Space
Two Case Projects Compared
Researcher, M.Sc. Architect, University of Oulu, Department of Architecture, Finland P.O. Box 4100, FI-
90014 University of Oulu, Finland / henrika.pihlajaniemi@oulu.i / +358 40 708 9865
Abstract
This paper discusses participation in lighting design through comparison of the results from two evaluated
case projects. The other project concerns participation in faade design of dwellings, which as a process
deines long-term daylighting conditions of a private dwelling environment for its users, the future family
in question. The context of the case is a row house condominium of six apartments. The other case operates
in public urban environment, where the users of urban space are allowed to interact with lighting through
web- based user interface by designing its quality for a period and to communicate with it. The context is
a pedestrian-oriented street in a city centre. Both projects situate in the city of Oulu in northern Finland.
Participatory design processes are described and analysed in parallel from the perspectives of two actors
in the process professional designer and layperson participant. The design tools created and used in both
cases are presented and relected. The participation experiences, which were collected in both case projects
by semi-structural theme interviews and formula answers, are discussed and compared.
Keywords: participatory design, adaptive urban lighting, daylighting, faade design, design tool, case study
28
Poutanen, Jenni
Third Places at the University Campuses and Their Potential as New Learning
Environments
Architect M.Sc.
Abstract
Campuses of higher education are facing pressure to change, for example, due to constantly increasing
demand of adopting new pedagogic approaches. One can argue that the premises of campuses and university
buildings are designed based on rather conservative knowledge on user needs not responding the best
possible ways to new teaching and learning practices.
Universities could beneit from so-called third places irst introduced by Oldenburg and Brisset (1982 and
Oldenburg, 1997, 1998, 1999). In the university campuses a third place could be, for example, all those
spaces not speciically named for the primary purposes. Many recent studies point out the importance of so-
called social spaces in the new spatial structures of universities and also recognize the lack of such spaces.
Social spaces may possess answers to many questions concerning the needs of new ways of learning and
working; they could, among other things, work as incubators, give possibilities to collaborative work and a
sense of belonging to a place.
This paper considers the concept of third places in the context of a university campus and how these third
places could answer to the question of enlivening the university campus structure and work as a human
interface in supporting social life. A concept of so-called designed third place is introduced through an on-
going case study.
Keywords: a third place, learner-centered approach, campus environment, learning space, formal-informal
space
29
Psilopoulos, Angelos
A new call for quality: shifting the paradigm for the development of public and
private space in Greece
Architect, Adjunct Lecturer, Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, Department of Interior Architecture,
Decoration and Design, Technological Educational Institute of Athens angpsi@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper is following up on a prior review of the Greek legislation concerning the production of public
procurement buildings in regards to the EU Directive 2004/18/EC (European Parliament, 2004), as well as
the actual practice of awarding commissions in two paradigmatic cases: the architecture competitions for
the New Acropolis Museum and the combined offer competition for the building of the National Theatre in
Athens (Kouzelis et al., 2010). The general understanding of that paper was that neither practices would,
respectively, either ensure consensus around the projects, or exclude the possibility of a quality architecture,
thus suggesting that one should consider public procurement policy rather as a social contract and an event
(i.e. the discourse produced around it) than an undisputable qualiication process.
Here well address a noticeable shift of view towards architecture competitions, equally of private investors,
non institutional organizations, and most importantly the state itself in amending its legislation and
developing an altogether new strategy for public procurement works, underlined by the will to reinstate
architecture as a fundamental quality for the development of space. Keeping up with the approach of
reviewing the competition as a social practice well focus on the incentives behind each of these cases. It
is proposed that they all ind themselves on common ground on the narrative of simply breaking with past
practices and on introducing the notion of quality not by having to prescribe it in qualiicatory terms but
rather by simply supporting it and safeguarding it in both policy and will.
Keywords: Greece, architecture competitions, architectural quality, narrative, development strategy
30
Pulkkinen, Katri-Liisa
Is Sustainable Architecture News?
Architect M.Sc., Doctoral Student at Aalto University katri.pulkkinen@aalto.i, p. 040 5895775
Abstract
Sustainable architecture, or sustainability in the context of built environment, is not something that could
be solved by experts alone and then implemented on peoples lifestyles, and it is evident that a deep
social change is needed in the community to reach longer-term sustainability goals. The paper explores
agenda-setting theory of media and the theories of diffusion of innovations and adoption of new ideas
to demonstrate why the publicity of sustainable architecture matters in transition from pioneering to
mainstream. Public discussion of architectural questions in general has often been regarded as unimportant
by architects, which is here suggested to be a problem in the context of sustainability. The dissertation
research of the author analyzes what kind of material is provided for public discussion about sustainable
architecture by the leading newspaper in Finland, Helsingin Sanomat. The main part of the research material
is collected from the time period of 2007 2011. It is discussed whether the articles, setting in their part the
agenda for public discussion, support the need for change towards more sustainable architecture. The results
of the work are also expexted to offer insights for developing the communication between the architectural
profession and public media. The research and analysis are based on systems thinking approach, studying
both the current functioning systems on the scene and the ways they could be developed over time.
31
Rnn, Magnus
Choosing architects for competitions
Reviewers experiences from the selection of design teams in Sweden
Associate professor The School of Architecture and the Built Environment The Royal Institute of
Technology, Stockholm, Sweden E-post: magnus.ronn@arch.kth.se
Abstract
This article presents results from a study of prequaliication in architectural competitions. The aim is
to develop knowledge of how the organizer appoints candidates to restricted competitions in Sweden.
Prequaliication is a selection procedure used early in the competition process to identify suitable candidates
for the following design phase. Usually three to six teams are invited to develop design proposals. The
overall research question in the study is about how organizers identify architects / design teams for
competitions with limited participation.
The methodology includes an inventory of competitions, case studies, document review and interviews of
key-persons. Ten municipal and governmental competitions have been examined in the study. In ive of
these competitions 19 informants have reported their experiences of prequaliication. These key persons
responded to an interview guide with questions on the background of the competition, development of the
invitation, and the need for information about the candidates, assessment process and experience from the
selection of design teams.
The invitation emerges during negotiation at the organizing body, which includes discussion with the
Swedish Association of Architects. General conditions, submission requirements and criteria for the
evaluation of applications by architect irms are part of an established practice. All clients have an
assessment procedure made up of two distinct stages. First they check whether applications meet the speciic
must requirements in the invitation. Thereafter follows an evaluative assessment of the candidates
professional proile, which is based on the criteria in the invitation. Reference projects and information
from the referees are important sources of information in this stage. Decisive in the inal assessment is
the organizers perception of the candidates ability to produce projects of architectural quality, the ability
to com-bine creative solutions with functional requirements and aptitude to work with developers and
contractors.
Keywords: prequaliication, invitation, selection, architectural competition, organizer.
32
Zriba Souha
1
et Ben Saci A.
2
The analysis of architectural forms using nu-merical model
Morphometric study of the Medina of Gafsa
1
National School of Architecture and Urbanism, Tunis souha.zriba@hotmail.com
2
National School of Architecture of Grenoble, France bensaci@grenoble.archi.fr
Abstract
We are discussing on, the complexity in architecture. Based on a morphometric study of the Medina
of Gafsa, this article is suggesting deeper readings and a new knowledge of the produced forms. The
frequential analysis of the Medinas Intra-mural urban forms, using Morphique and other digital
classiication tools, lead to results that help understand how that urban form was structured and whether the
islets were the result of aggregation operations or not .
The Morphometric approach made us reach two different goals: First, that of identifying the morphic
conformation structures of the signiicant tissue, historically speaking besides that of explaining the morphic
conformation of the islet itself. Hence, this complex approach permits the binding of the morphometric
analysis with historical and cultural data. That method provides us with new perspectives on the
morphologic paradigms behind the complex urban tissue of the Medina.
This paper aims at exploring the morphometric concepts enabling us to under- stand the inherent structures
of the urban forms.
Keywords: Morphometry, conformation, form, energetic descriptor.
33
Svensson, Charlotte
Inside the Jury Room Strategies of quality assessment in architectural
competitions.
PhD Student School of Architecture and Built Environment, the Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm,
Sweden TEL: +46 44-530 75 tloshalott@hotmail.com
Abstract
This paper discusses strategies for evaluating architecture in an early phase. The point of departure is two
case studies of jury assessment in architectural competitions, one open and one invited. The practical use of
evaluation as part of the design process is set in the context of architectural judgement, decision theory and
criticism.
In the competition jurys discussions, the professional evaluation of architecture becomes transparent. In an
architectural competition, the evaluation of entries takes place in an early phase of the design process, and
the discussion inluences the inal architectural project. Competition juries consist of both architects and
laymen of architecture with the aim to ind one single winner among the submitted entries. This makes the
evaluative discussion open, critical and a part of the jurys knowledge development. The architects must
explain their views and point out and mediate the quality of the entries that are hard to see for a layman of
architecture.
The presentation and comparison of two Swedish jury-situations reveal different strategies of assessment
in an illustrative way. The results indicated the differences between the two processes, but also some
surprising similarities, for example in the results of the competitions. The juries evaluative discussions are
further related to theoretical models of qualitative evaluation of architecture and architectural judgement.
Two strategies of decision appeared, a rational process of decision-making and one model of assessment by
architecture criticism.
Keywords: Evaluation, decision-making theory, design practice, quality assessment, architectural
competitions, case studies
34
Ster, Monica
User Centred Lighting Design Process -about collaboration between architects,
interior and lighting designers within the lighting design process
Department of Architecture Chalmers University Of Technology
Abstract
A literature survey was performed with the purpose to collect information about man and light from
topics that can be seen around the lighting design process. The result of the survey shows that daylight is
fundamental for humans, animals and plants as well, while being equally important as water and air. The
review describes lighting design as a process of four clear steps and two types of the process is identiied.
Not only daylight but also the architectural light is after year 2000 found related to human basic health and
need to be designed close to the individual needs psychologically, physiologically and visually. In order
to fulill goals set out for lighting design in an successful way, lighting design need to be performed as a
handicraft and in cooperation between the architect, interior designer and lighting designer and be based on
knowledge from the medical ield, physiology and photobiology as well as design and technology . Present
results indicate that if architects, interior and lighting designers cooperate within the lighting design process,
all four steps in the process will be professionally performed. In the same way will a multidisciplinary
topic be handled in a multidisciplinary way and an underdeveloped part of the building process inally be
developed This will in a better way fulill goals set out on lighting design of visual comfort and light-related
public health.
Keywords: User centred lighting design, light-related public health.
Tiitola-Meskanen, Tuuli
TO AFFORD OR NOT TO AFFORD: Integrating multiple perspectives on
learning environment design.
Abstract
Children spend many critical years mainly in indoor contexts: in daycare, preschool and school. Our typical
descriptive language when we characterize these learning environments focuses mainly on forms, instead
of focusing on functionally signiicant properties relative to the users, the children. However, children
develop in active interaction with their environment, and a form-oriented description of the setting does not
reveal what meaningful functional attributes the environment affords, relative to children of different ages.
New emerging perspectives on learning call for new approaches to the design of learning environments.
This article presents an attempt to identify meaningful features of early learning environments, referring to
the affordance concept. The article is based on my work-in-progress dissertation thesis To Afford or Not
to Afford: Integrating multiple perspectives on early learning environment design, and also on my study
Leonardos Children: Integrating multiple dimensions of early learning, based on my to-be-published
book Leonardos Children.
Keywords: Early learning environment design, theory of affordances, early learning approaches.
35
Tostrup, Elisabeth
High ideals on a tricky site - The 1939 Competition for the New Government
Building in Oslo
The Oslo School of Architecture and Design, Oslo, Norway
Abstract
After the July 22th 2011 terror bombing, the buildings in the Government Quarter in Oslo have been subject
to a thorough discussion and evaluation, which not only concern their practical economic value, but also
cultural value in a broad sense. Riksantikvaren (The Directorate General for Cultural Heritage) had already
prepared a case of listing for preservation when the devastating damages occurred (Fig. 0102). The modern
Government Quarter, and especially hyblokken (the high-rise building housing the Prime Ministers
ofices), is the result of the open architectural competition held in 193940. This, in spite of the competition
concluding that the site was unsuited for its purpose, and no winner was selected. It took nearly twenty
years, and a World War with the country being occupied, before parts of the competition programme was
realized with hyblokken, which was inaugurated in 1958. More than half a century has passed until today.
Therefore, retrospect conceptions might easily and wrongfully overshadow the facts that were the case with
the competition before World War II. Architect Erling Viksj did not win the competition, and speculations
about his acquisition to the later to be Labour Party Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen in the prison camp at
Grini in the outskirts of Oslo with regard to the later commission, is dificult to verify. The inal design of
hyblokken was made in the 1950s, after a long process with many instances and alterations involved.1
The subject of this text is the 1939 architectural competition; it articulated key ideals of architecture at the
time, spearheading a nationwide modernisation project while also containing paradoxes and exaggerations
that stood at the root of recurrent problems.
36
Thtinen, Sari
Interface : Between Perceiving And Receiving? Embodied Experiencing And
Architecture At The Age Of The Digital
Architect, researcher Aalto-university, sari.tahtinen@aalto.i
Abstract
The paper reads Paul Virilios text The Lost Dimension in which he describes the inluence of new
technologies and the interface on the urban spaces. He points out that with the new tele-technologies there
forms a confusion between the perception of spaces and the reception of form-images of these spaces. This
leads to problems of interpretation and to a loss of the physical dimensions and reference points. Virilios
predictions about how the interface would affect the urban spaces have not realised in a way he pronounced
them. Yet, I think that his analysis of the interface and how it would affect the urban environment still
offers provocative insights. Also, it will perhaps prove fruitful to try to think the reasons why things did not
proceed the way he suggested.
Virilios astute study does not question the audio-visual privilege underlining the presumptions of the
advancement of the new technologies. Here, even if he is critical to most of the developments he sees, he
nevertheless shares this presumption with those he questions. I suggest that this neglecting of the embodied
experiencing has lead him to forget important aspects connect with architecture. The embodied experiencing
of architecture is not reducible to the audio-visual reception only. Consequently, from here we might ind
another ways to approach the questions of how to work with different interfaces, urban environments, and
embodied experiencing so that they could be considered to function conjointly and not in opposition.
Keywords: interface, urban architecture, embodied experiencing, between
Word count:
37
Vesikansa, Kristo
The competition for the Dipoli Student Union Building in 1961-62
Architect SAFA PhD student / lecturer, Aalto University, Department of Architecture kristo.vesikansa@
aalto.i Inkoonkatu 4-6- B 27 00520 Helsinki Finland tel. +358-50-5859784
Abstract
The Dipoli, a student centre for the Helsinki University of Technology Student Union (TKY), designed
by Reima Pietil and Raili Paatelainen (since 1963 Pietil), was one of the most original and controversial
buildings in Finland in the 1960s. When it was completed in 1966, it was widely criticized for high cost,
structural inconsistency, unnecessary individualism, eccentricity and anti-sociality. Especially the young
architects of the so-called Constructivist School opposed the organic architecture, which it represented.
However, many foreign critics, such as Christian Norberg-Schulz, admired the building.
The atmosphere in the Finnish architecture changed radically during the 1960s. When the Dipoli competition
was held in 1961-62, Pietil s and Paatelainen s winning entry did not raise criticism, at least not in the
public. Pietil later emphasized, that the Dipoli could have been born only in a tolerant atmosphere of the
early 1960s. At the time the Finnish architecture was dominated by several conlicting tendencies. The
international reputation achieved in the previous decade had both given Finnish architects a lot of self-
conidence and created pressures to design more and more original buildings to maintain foreign interest.
New materials and structures opened the way for new means of expression, and sculptural buildings by
Alvar Aalto, Le Corbusier, Eero Saarinen, Oscar Niemeyer and many other architects inspired to original
experiments. At the same time, the construction industry and the authorities required higher level of
standardization, large-scale use of industrial construction and lexible universal layouts. Stylistic diversity of
the entries submitted in architectural competitions relected well these tendencies.
38
sterlund, Toni
Exploring the design possibilities of emergent algorithms for
adaptive urban lighting control
M.Sc. Architect, researcher, University of Oulu, Finland toni.osterlund@oulu.i
Abstract
Algorithm aided design methods in architectural design provide the use of complex adaptive systems that
show bottom-up processes where complex global behaviour emerges from local interaction of multitudes
of smaller components. Including other systems that display emergent properties, these methods can be
categorized as emergent algorithms and they are capable of generating organic patterns, representing the
complexity and intricacy of natural systems and displaying high levels of distributed intelligence.
This paper explores the use of different emergent algorithms, such as Cellular Automata, Swarming
Algorithms and Lindenmayer system, in an adaptive lighting system that reacts to user actions and changes
in environmental conditions. The design of this kind of computational model requires new design methods
and tools for control in enabling design exploration. A graph-based approach is presented as a possible
solution for the difference between the virtual coordinate space and the actual placing of light sources. The
graph is used to map the light sources and sensors as a network of interconnected nodes and in deining the
virtual coordinate system. The challenges deining the functionality and enabling the design of the emergent
methods are explored and possible solutions are discussed.
Keywords: Adaptive Urban Lighting, Emergent Algorithms, Complex Adaptive Systems, Cellular
Automata, Swarm Algorithms, L-Systems, Design tool
39
stman, Leif
An explorative study of municipal developer competitions in Helsinki
Abstract
This is a presentation of central features of developer competitions, as organized by the Real Estate
Department of Helsinki. These are site allocation competitions, where the municipality is selling or leasing
plots to developers or contractors and the bidding is based on competing with architectural and urban quality
factors. The focus in this paper is on the Finnish context, but the European competition law constitutes the
legal framework and thus basic legal principles are applicable in any European Union member state. In these
competitions the land owner expects the contractor or developer to create a design team and the land owner
receives multiple proposals for a site without really paying for it. The winner gets the site and the contractor
is obliged to erect a building according to the proposal. Site allocations are civil law contracts and the seller
can include speciications that wouldnt be possible according to the planning regulations of the Finnish
Land Use and Building Act (Ministry of the Environment, 2003, p. 26).
It seems necessary to investigate this rather new type of architectural competition as these competitions are
often part of large projects of importance both regarding investments and architecture. It also constitutes a
new mechanism in the practices of urban planning. As the administration in Helsinki has been the strongest
actor and promoter of developer competitions in Finland, I have studied their current procedures as a typical
model for organizing developer competitions. I will present their aims and trace how architectural quality is
produced. The Real Estate Department has as one of their main tasks to allocate sites to interested parties,
according to politically deined principles (major part in plots for housing agents). In 2011 the amount of
sold land was 34,6 million but Helsinki favors municipal land ownership with 62% of the land still in the
hands of the city, producing 188, 9 million in land rents.
This is an explorative study, mainly based on the study of written material, reports and a few interviews
with experienced organizers. The aim of the paper is to clarify the concept and map the development, and
to discuss possible beneits and problems. The core issue is architectural quality seen from the perspective
of professional architects, but I think it is important to try to understand the legal framework, as well as to
discuss the relation to aims of urban planning and professional agents.