ELECTROMAGNETIC

FIELDS & WAVES

EEEB 253
CHAPTER 1
Semester I 2013/14
27
th
May 6
th
Sept. 2013
College of Engineering
2
Chapter 1: Vector algebra
1. Scalar and vector
2. Unit vector
3. Position vector
4. Vector multiplication
Electromagnetics (EM) A branch of physics or electrical engineering where
electric and magnetic phenomena are studied
Applications: microwave, antenna, electric machine, radar, remote sensing etc.
Eg. EM energy change vegetable taste by reducing its acidicity
Ker Pin Jern Universiti Tenaga Nasional, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Power
3
1.1: Scalar and vector
EM concepts can be understood through vector analysis
Need to have strong vector analysis
Scalar quantity that only has magnitude
Vector quantity that has both magnitude and direction, identified
by an arrow above the symbols (or bold in typing)
EM theory study of a particular field
Field is a function that specifies a particular quantity everywhere in
a region. Eg. Gravitational field
Ker Pin Jern Universiti Tenaga Nasional, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Power
4
1.2: Unit vector
Magnitude of a vector A AA Ais Aor |A|
A unit vector a aa a
A
, is a vector with magnitude of unity and direction A AA A
Vector A AA Acan be written as or
Magnitude of a vector
Unit vector is given by Example / exercise
Vector addition / subtraction (revision)
Ker Pin Jern Universiti Tenaga Nasional, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Power
5
1.3: Position vector
Position vector (r rr r
p
) also called the radius vector of a point P is the
distance directed from the origin to point P
Point (3, 4, 5) has a position vector
Distance vector displacement from one point to
another point
Prac. Exercise 1.1 PE 1.3
Ker Pin Jern Universiti Tenaga Nasional, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Power
6
1.4: Vector multiplication
2 types of vector multiplication
Dot product
2 vectors are orthogonal or perpendicular if
Dot product commutative law
Dot product Distributive law
Dot product perpendicular vector
Dot product parallel vector
Cross product , a aa a
n
is the unit vector normal to the
plane containing vectors Aand B
Ker Pin Jern Universiti Tenaga Nasional, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Power
7
1.4: Vector multiplication
Cross product anticommutative
Not associative
Distributive
Special cases
Example 1.4 find the angle using dot product / cross product
Ker Pin Jern Universiti Tenaga Nasional, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Power
8
Chapter 1 Conclusion
Vector analysis is the basis of EM study
Revision / review
Unit vector magnitude of unity (1) with the same direction as the
vector
Position vector (a vector point from the origin to the point)
Vector addition / subtraction / multiplication dot and cross
products
Selected problems: 1.1, 1.2, 1.6, 1.9, 1.11, 1.16, 1.21, 1.22 (3
rd
edition)
Ker Pin Jern Universiti Tenaga Nasional, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Power
9
Examples / practice exercises
Example (unit vector)
What is the magnitude of unit vector a aa a
c
???
Ker Pin Jern Universiti Tenaga Nasional, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Power
10
Examples / practice exercises
PE 1.3 (position vector)
Answers / solution will be done during lecture
Ker Pin Jern Universiti Tenaga Nasional, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Power