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direction. This flow of electrons is a current, and by
placing metal contacts on the top and bottom of the PV cell
that current off to use externally.
Gatdula (2011) cited that the First Philec Solar
Solutions (FPSS) is an end-to-end provider of PV systems
that generates electric power from sunlight. The use of
solar energy is commonly used by the commercial or utility
industry as an alternate energy source but is now also made
available for residential use.
Solar projects are implemented due to the abundance of
solar energy. Sun keeps shining and energy coming from it
will always be utilized. Solar panels are very reliable
technology because they have been proven and tested by many
scientists and experts. Creating a solar panel has many
different ways to install, it is durable and it also
requires a little maintenance. It also depends on the
location and the angle of elevation where the sun strikes.
Solar comes with standard protection, tangible and it saves
money (Reasons Why Solar Energy Projects are a Safe
Investment, 2013)
Solar energy is the most effective and resourceful
investment to the society and solar energy produces
dependable annual returns as energy prices continue to
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rise. The sun keeps in shining and produces a solar energy
that gives an extra electricity to the community. (Quinn,
2012)
As the energy or electricity continue to rise, many of
the residents cannot afford to have an electric power to
their places. Thus, the researchers intended to estimate
the costing of a household in using a solar panel, the
residents frankly saved money. According to Peterson (n.y.)
if they are managing to make a good living in these harsh
economic times, then solar panels are economically
feasible.
Solar panels are quite possibly the future of home-
energy production. Solar panels are somewhat costly to buy,
but once theyve purchased the panels and installed, the
money they will save in the long run, become exponentially
greater as energy prices increase (How to Mount Solar
Panel, n.d.) Solar energy is produced by conducting the
suns radiation, it does not emit any greenhouse gasses
that may cause pollution in many communities and it evades
smoke and any chemical reactions. The main hindrance to
solar energy going widespread is the cost of installing
solar panels. Capital cost of installing a home solar
system or solar farm houses are high. (Whitburn, 2012)
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Generating their personal electricity reduces the
consumption of fossil fuels, therefore minimizing the
emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases. Over the
warranted lifespan of an average sized residential system
(5KW), they can expect their systems to offset 250,000
pounds of CO
2
which is the principal contributor to global
warming. The equivalent to offsetting over 150,000 miles
driven by the average car, or planting 21,700 square feet
of trees (Benefits of Solar energy, 2009)
Owing to the nature of the solar energy, there are two
components required to have a functional solar energy
generator namely the collector, and a storage unit. The
collector collects the radiation that falls on it and
converts a fraction of it to other forms of energy either
electricity and heat or heat alone. During the night or
clouds are covered the amount of energy produced by the
collector may be quite small so that the storage unit can
hold the excess energy produced during the periods of
maximum productivity, and release it when the productivity
drops.
In order to produce a usable amount of power, many PV
cells are permanently connected together to form a PV
module, as shown in figure 2. PV arrays are created by
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connecting multiple modules together, thus increasing the
total power of the system. Arrays comprised of 10-50
modules are usually adequate to power the typical residence
or small business. (How Solar Panel Works, 2009)
Figure 2.
Photovoltaic Arrays

Romero (2010) mentioned that, the government has been
promoting renewable sources of energy like solar energy to
lessen the countrys dependence on fossil fuel.
Environmentalists have said the use of renewable and
alternative energy would reduce the use of fossil fuel,
which has been blamed for global warming.
Currently, the Philippines has 56 megawatt capacity
from 4 solar stations. Not even one percent of the total
electricity capacity installed in the nation. With only
300,000 km
2
land area and rainy season, solar power in the
Philippines has a unique challenge with innovation as a
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priority. Clearing a forest to install solar power is not
an innovation but a crime (Solar Power Philippines: A Gift
to the World, November 18, 2013)
Figure 3 show that as of 2013, Philippines has four
(4) stations of solar panel. Badoc-Vintar Photovoltaic
Power Plant located at Badoc and Vintar, Ilocos Norte,
Ormoc Photovoltaic Power Plant located at Ormoc, Leyte,
CEPALCO Cagayan de Oro Photovoltaic Power Plant in Cagayan
de Oro, Misamis Oriental and the new and under construction
panels Surallah Photovoltaic Power Plant in Surallah, South
Cotabato.
These four (4) stations is currently producing 56.1 MW
in which as stated 10% of electricity by 2020 it may
increase up to 25% of electricity by 2030 and increase
again up to 40% of electricity by 2040. (BulangMalaya,
2013)







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Figure 3.
Solar Panel Power Plants, Philippines

In the fast growing technology where many systems are
being developed, students and professionals alike continue
to develop systems to provide better living conditions
without further destructions to nature. Natural resources
such as solar and water are currently introduced as
reliable resources for alternative energy. In which, they
will be living in a country that is powered or controlled
by electricity.
Every household needs electricity to supply their
appliances. There are some places or provinces that do not
have electric lines as shown in figure 1. Brgy. Nagullan,
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Lal-lo, Cagayan residents have a hard time for not having
an electric current in their houses. They are forced to go
to the nearby community to charge their batteries. The area
is located on the top of the mountain and is far from the
urban places so they find it not feasible to energize.
Figure 1
Brgy.Nagullian Lal-lo,Cagayan

The researchers wanted to develop a distribution
lighting system using solar panel for the benefit of the
society to help people in a distant place save money and
conserve electrical energy. The solar energy drive as the
solution to the problem today. It may also help reduce
pollutants such as smoke, chemical fumes, greenhouse gasses
and other pollutants that may give adverse on the
environment.
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The researchers coordinately with the Barangay
Captain and asked about the possibility of implementing the
proposed system and if they are sponsors willing to support
the project. The Barangay captain said that the barangay
has its own cooperative that holds the budget that will be
used if there are projects. As the researchers introduce
the system, other colleagues agree that they will asked the
Local Government Unit (LGU) so that request for finding
will be forwarded to the mayors office.

Objectives of the Study
The primary objective of the study was to design and
develop a lighting system using solar panel. Specifically,
the study sought to:
1. Determine the power requirements and consumption
and the distribution layout of the system;
2. Design and develop a system architecture and design
of the proposed system; and
3. Develop a return of investment analysis for the
community.




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Importance of the Study

The study focuses on sharing information and helping
the following group of individuals/establishments:
To the School. This study helps in the marketability
of this school. This is manifested through the students
ability to do such project.
To the Students. This research further enhances the
existing knowledge of the students and challenge them to go
further beyond their acquired skills and creativity.
To the Community. The project provides information for
the community about solar power and its application. As
electric services are currently luxurious and still rising,
the project inspires the community to use solar power as a
means of electric source.
To the Researchers. This study gave the researcher a
chance to create a worthwhile project.
To other Researchers. This study serves as a guide to
future engineers which have a similar study for further
enhancement.




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Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined to clearly understand
the terminology and concepts used in the study.
Solar Panel. It is a set of solar photovoltaic modules
electrically connected and mounted on a supporting
structure
Solar Energy. It is the technology of obtaining usable
energy from the light of the sun.
Electricity. Electric current, especially when used as
a source power.
Energy. A supply or source of electrical, mechanical,
or to their form of power.
Photovoltaic Cells. The smallest semiconductor element
within a PV module to perform the immediate conversion of
light into electrical energy.
Battery. Two or more cells electrically connected
for storing electrical energy.
Semiconductor. It is a solid whose electrical
conductivity can be controlled over a wide range, either
permanently or dynamically.
Sun. serves as a source of energy in a solar panel
system.