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from one phase to another. The advantages of using the
Waterfall model are the following: (a) it is linear and
very easy to be implemented, (b) Required amount of
resources are minimal, (c) documentation is produced at
every phase of waterfall model development, and (d) after
every major stage of coding, testing is done to check
whether the code running is correct or not.
Waterfall model illustrates how each level addresses a
different stage of the lifecycle. Figure 4 shows the
different phases to further understand the real flow of
each phases and how this phases are executed.
Figure 4.
Waterfall Model



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Requirements Planning. This is said to be the most
crucial stage because there may be any miscommunication and
misinterpretation for the development of the system. When
the requirements have been noted, they must ensure that the
requirements are detailed and accurate and there is no
place for any ambiguity.
The researchers set the objectives and the scope and
delimitation of the study. The researchers also conducted a
survey regarding to those component that will be put in
their house if the system will be implemented. And after
gathering the important requirements for the study, the
researchers identified the consumption of the components
that are needed in developing the system.
System Design. The requirements that are gathered in
the previous phase are broken down into logical units, so
that the process becomes easy for implementation. This is
the phase where hardware requirements for every unit are
identified, and then the designs are made accordingly. The
interrelation between the various units of the hardware is
identified and the connections are made using algorithms
and diagrams.
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The researcher determined the design of the solar
panel, the researcher also analyze all data gathered to
come up with the desired output.
System Implementation. This phase is also known as
hardware verification phase. In the previous phase, the
hardware parts need to be robust to satisfy the
requirements of the system.
The researcher considered that their system is mainly
compose of a solar panel, charge controller, battery
indicator, microcontroller, and LEDs.
System Verification. This is the phase where all
hardware components are integrated. Series of tests are
observed to check the performance of the system, and also
to find if any new bugs were introduced into the system,
after the previous bugs are fixed.
The researcher integrates all the components and
undergo of some testing and debugging stage. After that the
researcher also considered peoples feedback in which the
researcher see if their suggestion would be much better.
System Deployment and Maintenance. This makes for the
final phase of the waterfall model where the system is
deployed. After the deployment of the system, routine
maintenance work is carried out.
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The researchers finally developed a system to be
maintained.

Scope and Delimitations
This study is focused on designing a system to provide
an electrical line that serves as their source of energy
through the use of a solar panel.
However, the aim of the study is to develop a scaled
down prototype that will smartly distributing electric
current to the Barangay Naguillan, Lal-lo Cagayan.
Data Gathering Techniques
The researchers focused on the following procedures of
collecting data to satisfy the identified objectives:
Survey and Interview. The researchers surveyed and
interviewed ten experts in solar power to collect data
about the system.
Observation. The researchers based their data on their
households personal experiences as one of their main
inspiration to develop their system.
Document Analysis. The researchers collected,
analyzed, and reviewed all the different documents that are
needed for the study. These documents are the online
documents and pdfs.
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Sources of Data
The researchers gathered information on World Wide Web
or the internet that pertains to solar panel system
principles.
The researchers also used books, newspaper, and
magazine for additional research. Greening you Home:
Sustainable Options for Every System in Your House by
Bernett Clayton and Electric Motors and Control Systems by
Frank Petruzella are the books the researchers have used.