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General Physics 1
(Phys 110 : Mechanics)
CHAPTER 2
Motion Along a Straight Line
Phys
110
1. to locate the position of the particle with respect to the origin in one dimension (x or y).
2. to identify the positive direction and negative direction along the x-axis and y-axis using different words such as:



3. to calculate the magnitude of the displacement and identify its direction.
4. to differentiate between displacement and distance.
5. to define velocity in general and to differentiate between velocity and Speed.
6. to define the average velocity and average speed.
7. to calculate the average velocity and its direction.
8. to calculate the average speed.
9. to differentiate between the average velocity and average speed.
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Objectives covered in this lesson :
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 1
positive direction negative direction
x-axis right / east left / west
y-axis up / north down / south
One Dimensional Motions:
Position.
Displacement.
Distance.
Average velocity.
Average speed.
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Kinematics: is the branch of classical mechanics that describes motion in terms of
space and time while ignoring the agents that caused that motion (mass or force).
Phys
110
2-1 What is Physics ? , 2-2 Motion
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 2
The dimensions of space:
One dimensional motion:
is the motion of an object
in a single axis.
Question:
Phys
110
2-1 What is Physics ? , 2-2 Motion
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 3
Is this a one dimensional motion?
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In this chapter, the motion will be restricted in 3 ways:
1. Motion is along a straight line (one dimensional motion).
2. Forces cause motion, but will be neglected here (Kinematic studies only).
3. The object is a particle , or it moves like a particle.
A particle:
is a point-like mass
having infinitesimal size.
Phys
110
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 4
2-1 What is Physics ? , 2-2 Motion
An object moving like a particle:
every part of the object moves in the
same direction and at the same rate.
Question:
Which is: A: a particle
B: an object moving like a particle
C: an object NOT moving like a particle
Phys
110
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 5
2-1 What is Physics ? , 2-2 Motion
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Phys
110
How do physicists draw a particle-like object?
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 6
2-1 What is Physics ? , 2-2 Motion
Phys
110
2-3 Position and displacement
Position
Position: is the location of an object relative to some reference point (the origin) of an axis.
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 7
Origin
0 -1 -3 -4 -5 2 3 1 4 -2 5
x (m)
(Negative Position)
Position is at the
negative direction
(Positive Position)
Position is at the
positive direction
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Question: Where is my position?
Phys
110
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 8
2-3 Position and displacement
Position
0 -1 -3 -4 -5 2 3 1 4 -2 5
x (m)
a coordinate of = m
Question: is less than or more than ?
Phys
110
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 9
2-3 Position and displacement
Position
0 -1 -3 -4 -5 2 3 1 4 -2 5
x (m)
= m
= m
= m is less than or more than ?
= m is less than or more than
?
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Homework:
Q1: Can we call the origin a zero point ?
Q2: Can we put the axis name [ x (m) ] in the negative side of the origin?
Q3: Do we need to use plus signs for the positive coordinates?


Phys
110
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 10
2-3 Position and displacement
Position
Phys
110
2-3 Position and displacement
Displacement
Displacement: the displacement of a particle is the change in its position.
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 11
0 -1 -3 -4 -5 2 3 1 4 -2 5
x (m)

Example:
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Homework:
Q4: what is the displacement of Mrs. Red-velvet, Mr. Green, and Ms. Purple?


Phys
110
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 12
2-3 Position and displacement
Position
-2 -3 -5 -6 -7 0 1 -1 2 -4 3
x (m)
Mrs. Red-velvet (

)
Mrs. Red-velvet (

) Mr. Green (

) Mr. Green (

) Ms. Purple (

) Ms. Purple (

)
Phys
110
2-3 Position and displacement
Displacement
A displacement in the positive direction always comes out positive.
A displacement in the negative direction always comes out negative.
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 13
0 -1 -3 -4 -5 2 3 1 4 -2 5
x (m)
Negative displacement
Positive displacement
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Phys
110
2-3 Position and displacement
Displacement
Displacement only involves the original and final position.
Example:
If I moved from ( = 5 ) to ( = 200 ) to ( = 5 ).
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 14
=
2

1
=
Phys
110
2-3 Position and displacement
Displacement
Displacement is a vector quantity:
i.e. it has a
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 15
if =
Magnitude :
Direction : is the (+) or (-) sign if the motion is along a single axis.
Example: magnitude = 8
direction = negative direction of the x-axis.
magnitude = 6
direction = positive direction of the y-axis.
if =
is the absolute value of the displacement .
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Distance
Phys
110
2-3 Position and displacement
Displacement
Question: what is the difference between the displacement of a particle
and the distance travelled by the particle??
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 16
Displacement is a vector quantity,
while distance is a scalar quantity.
a vector is a physical quantity that
requires the specification of both
direction and magnitude.
a scalar is a physical quantity that has
magnitude and no direction.
the difference:
Phys
110
2-4 Average Velocity and Average Speed
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 17
= is a function of
1
3
2
0 -1 -3 2 3 1 -2
x (m)

, = is a function of &
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Phys
110
2-4 Average Velocity and Average Speed
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 18
Average Velocity
Average velocity: of a particle is defined as the particles
displacement divided by the time interval during
which that displacement occurred.
Average velocity: is the slope of the straight-line
connecting the points (
2
,
2
) and (
1
,
1
).
Unit of

is meter per second (m/s)
How to calculate the slope
Phys
110
Average velocity is a vector quantity:
i.e. it has a
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 19
Magnitude :
Direction : is the (+) or (-) sign of

.
is the magnitude of the slope

.
2-4 Average Velocity and Average Speed
Average Velocity
is positive when the slope is slanted upwards.
is negative when the slope is slanted downwards.
The sign of

= the sign of . Q: why?

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Average speed: is defined as the total distance traveled
divided by the total time it takes to travel that distance.
Phys
110
Average Speed is a scalar quantity:
i.e. it has a
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 20
Magnitude
Direction
2-4 Average Velocity and Average Speed
Average Speed
Q: Does

have an algebraic sign? and why?

Homework:
Q5: What is the difference between average velocity and average speed ?
Q6 : (a) Are the magnitudes of

and

always the same? (b) if not, can they be the same?

Phys
110
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 21
2-4 Average Velocity and Average Speed
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One Dimensional Motions:
Position.
Displacement.
Distance.
Average velocity.
Average speed.
Phys
110
Chapter 2 : Motion Along a Straight Line
Lesson 1 of 4
Slide 22 (last)
Summary:
Any Questions?
Next lesson will cover:
Sample problem (2-1).
Section (2-5).
Sample problem (2-3).
Section (2-6).