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Parts of a

Paragraph
Topic Sentence
What is the topic sentence?
The topic sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph.
What does it do?
It introduces the main idea of the paragraph.
How do I write one?
Summarize the main idea of your paragraph. Indicate to the reader what your
paragraph will be about.
Example:
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the
world. First, anada has an excellent health care system. !ll anadians ha"e access
to medical ser"ices at a reasonable price. Second, anada has a high standard of
education. Students are taught by well#trained teachers and are encouraged to continue
studying at uni"ersity. Finally, anada$s cities are clean and efficiently managed.
anadian cities ha"e many par%s and lots of space for people to li"e. !s a result,
anada is a desirable place to li"e.
Supporting Details
What are supporting sentences?
They come after the topic sentence, ma%ing up the body of a paragraph.
What do they do?
They gi"e details to de"elop and support the main idea of the paragraph.
How do I write them?
&ou should gi"e supporting facts, details, and examples.
Eample!
There are three reasons why anada is one of the best countries in the world. "irst#
Canada has an ecellent health care system. $ll Canadians ha%e access to
medical ser%ices at a reasonable price. Second# Canada has a high standard of
education. Students are taught by well&trained teachers and are encouraged to
continue studying at uni%ersity. "inally# Canada's cities are clean and efficiently
managed. Canadian cities ha%e many par(s and lots of space for people to
li%e. !s a result, anada is a desirable place to li"e.
Closing Sentence
What is the closing sentence?
The closing sentence is the last sentence in a paragraph.
What does it do?
It restates the main idea of your paragraph.
How do I write one?
'estate the main idea of the paragraph using different words.
Eample!
There are three reasons why anada is one of the best countries in the world. First,
anada has an excellent health care system. !ll anadians ha"e access to medical
ser"ices at a reasonable price. Second, anada has a high standard of education.
Students are taught by well#trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying
at uni"ersity. Finally, anada$s cities are clean and efficiently managed. anadian
cities ha"e many par%s and lots of space for people to li"e. $s a result# Canada is a
desirable place to li%e.
Source: http://www2.actden.com/writ_den/tips/paragrap/
TEXT 1
Reassessing the Impacts of Brain Drain on Developing Countries
Brain drain, which is the action of having highly skilled and educated
people leaving their country to work abroad, has become one of the
developing countries concern. Brain drain is also referred to as human
capital flight. More and more third world science and technology
educated people are heading for more prosperous countries seeking
higher wages and better working conditions. This has of course serious
consequences on the sending countries.
While many people believe that immigration is a personal choice that
must be understood and respected, others look at the phenomenon from
a different perspective. What makes those educated people leave their
countries should be seriously considered and a distinction between push
and pull factors must be made. The push factors include low wages and
lack of satisfactory working and living conditions. Social unrest, political
conflicts and wars may also be determining causes. The pull factors,
however, include intellectual freedom and substantial funds for research.
Brain drain has negative impact on the sending countries economic
prospects and competitiveness. t reduces the number of dynamic and
creative people who can contribute to the development of their country.
!ikewise, with more entrepreneurs taking their investments abroad,
developing countries are missing an opportunity of wealth creation. This
has also negative consequences on ta" revenue and employment.
Most of the measures taken so far have not had any success in alleviating
the effects of brain drain. # more global view must take into
consideration the provision of adequate working and living conditions in
the sending countries. #n other option should involve encouraging the
e"patriates to contribute their skill to the development of their countries
without necessarily physically relocating.
TEXT 2
$besity is a medical condition in which e"cess body fat has accumulated
to the e"tent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to
reduced life e"pectancy and%or increased health problems. Body mass
inde" &BM', a measurement which compares weight and height, defines
people as overweight &pre(obese' when their BM is between )* kg%m)
and +, kg%m), and obese when it is greater than +, kg%m).
$besity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart
disease, type ) diabetes, breathing difficulties during sleep, certain types
of cancer, and osteoarthritis. $besity is most commonly caused by a
combination of e"cessive dietary calories, lack of physical activity, and
genetic susceptibility, although a few cases are caused primarily by
genes, endocrine disorders, medications or psychiatric illness. -vidence
to support the view that some obese people eat little yet gain weight due
to a slow metabolism is limited. on average obese people have a greater
energy e"penditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy
required to maintain an increased body mass.
The primary treatment for obesity is dieting and physical e"ercise. To
supplement this, or in case of failure, anti(obesity drugs may be taken to
reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption. n severe cases, surgery is
performed or an intragastric balloon is placed to reduce stomach volume
and%or bowel length, leading to earlier satiation and reduced ability to
absorb nutrients from food.
$besity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with
increasing prevalence in adults and children, and authorities view it as
one of the most serious public health problems of the )/st century.
$besity is stigmati0ed in much of the modern world &particularly in the
Western world', though it was widely perceived as a symbol of wealth
and fertility at other times in history, and still is in some parts of the
world.
TEXT 3
Lionel Anr!s "essi # born on )1 2une /345, is an #rgentine footballer
who currently plays for Barcelona and the #rgentine national team. 6e is
one of the best football players of his generation and is frequently
considered as the world7s best contemporary player. !ionel Messi, whose
playing style and ability have drawn comparisons toDiego "araona,
received Ballon d'Or and FIFA World Player of the Year nominations by
the age of )/ and won both by the age of )). Diego "araona once
declared that Messi was his 8successor.8
!ionel Messi7s talent was early detected by his father. When he began
playing with the local team, his potential was quickly identified by
Barcelona . #t the age of //, he was diagnosed with a growth hormone
deficiency, which is a medical condition in which the body does not
produce enough growth hormone and whose treatment nessecitates a lot
of money. 6e left 9osario(based :ewell7s $ld Boys7s youth team in ),,,
and moved with his family to -urope, as Barcelona offered treatment for
his growth hormone deficiency. Making his debut in the ),,1;,* season,
he broke the La Liga record for the youngest footballer to play a league
game, and also the youngest to score a league goal. Ma<or honours soon
followed as Barcelona won La Liga in Messi7s debut season, and won a
double of the league and =hampions !eague in ),,>. 6is breakthrough
season was in ),,>;,5. he became a first team regular, scoring a hat(trick
in -l =l?sico and finishing with /1 goals in )> league games. @erhaps his
most successful season was the ),,4;,3 season, in which Messi scored +4
goals to play an integral part in a treble(winning campaign.
Messi was the top scorer of the ),,* AA# World Bouth =hampionship with
si" goals, including two in the final game. Shortly thereafter, he became
an established member of #rgentina7s senior international team. n ),,>,
he became the youngest #rgentine to play in the AA# World =up and he
won a runners(up medal at the =opa #mCrica tournament the following
year. n ),,4, in Bei<ing, he won his first international honour, an
$lympic gold medal, with the #rgentina $lympic football team.
Source: http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/reading_obesity.php#.UkoYt!y"#$

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