Industrial Sector of INDIA

Iron and steel industry In India India has steel producing centres at Bhilai, Durgapur, Burnpur, Jamshedpur,
Rourkela, Bokaro W.B, Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh These steel producing centres are located in
four states

Other important steel producing centres are Bhadravati and Vijayanagar in Karnataka Vishakhapatnam in
Andhra Pradesh Salem in Tamil Nadu

Indias steel production has increased from 1 million tonne in 1947 to 30 million tonnes in 2002

Tata Iron and Steel Company, Jamshedpur Established before independence, it was the only iron and steel
company in India b4 1947 It is privately owned by TATA group. TISCO was started in 1907 at Sakchi near
the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai. The most conveniently situated iron and steel company in India

Reasons to choose Sakchi It is only 32 km away from Kalimati station Close to the iron ore, coal and
manganese deposits Close to Kolkata, which is a large market The two rivers provide adequate water
supply TISCO gets coal from Jharia coal fields, iron ore, limestone dolomite and manganese from Orissa
and Chhattisgarh

Several other industries have been set up after TISCO They produce Chemicals Locomotive parts
Agricultural equipment Machinery Tinplate Cable and wire

The development of iron and steel industry boosted the industrial development in India Almost all the
sectors of Indian industry depends on iron and steel industry for their basic infrastructure

Pittsburgh Coal is available locally. Iron ore comes from Minnesota, 1500km from Pittsburgh
Transportation of ore is via Great Lakes Waterway

The Great Lakes Waterway is one of the best routes for shipping iron ore cheaply. Iron ore is shipped from
Minnesota to Pittsburgh via Great Lakes Waterway and railway The Ohio, Monongahela and Allegheny
rivers provide water supply

Cotton Textile Industry The term textile is derived from Latin word textere which means to weave.
Weaving cloth from yarn is an ancient art

The fibres that are used for textile industry can be Natural fibres are, wool, silk, cotton, linen and jute Man
made fibres include nylon, polyester, acrylic and rayon

Weaving cloth is one of the oldest industries of the world Till the industrial revolution, cotton cloth was
made by hand spinning techniques Introduction of power looms boosted the development of cotton textile
industry in England and later in other parts of the world.

Today, India, China, Japan and USA are the important producers of cotton textiles. B4 the British rule
Indian hand spun cloth had a wide market. Muslins of Dhaka, Chintzes of Masulipatnam, Calicos of Calicut
and Gold-wrought cotton pieces of Burhanpur, Surat and Vadodara

The first successful cotton textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854 The warm moist climate Port for
importing & exporting Availability of raw material and skilled labour

Now, some of the other centres of cotton industry are Coimbatore Kanpur Chennai Ahmedabad Mumbai
Kolkata Ludhiana Pondichery Panipat

Ahmedabad Located in Gujarat on the banks of Sabarmati river First mill was in 1859 It soon became the
second largest textile hub in India after Mumbai. It is called the Manchester of India

Located in the heart of a cotton growing area Raw material is easily available Climate is ideal for spinning
and weaving Land is suitable for establishment of the mills Skilled and semi-skilled labour is available
cheaply Well developed transport system ensures easy transport of textiles

Decline of mills in Ahmedabad in recent years Due to emergence of new textile centres Non-upgradation of
machinery and technology About one-third of Indian textile production is exported

Osaka, Japan Known as the Manchester of Japan Climate is ideal for spinning and weaving Land is suitable
for establishment of the mills Skilled and semi-skilled labour is available cheaply Port facility for import
and export

Cotton is imported from India, Egypt, China and USA Finished product is exported and has a good market
Now a days, cotton industry of Osaka is being replaced by other industries like, Iron and steel, machinery,
shipbuilding, automobiles, electrical equipment and cement

Information Technology

Information Technology industry deals with the storage, processing and distribution of information Is a
global industry Main factors of location of these industries are Resource availability, cost and infrastructure

Major centres of IT are Silicon Valley, California Bangalore, India

Locational advantages of Silicon Valley and Bangalore Both are located in mild climate, dust free regions
Bangalore has the largest number of educational institutions and IT colleges in India

Bangalore is dust free with low cost of living Availability of skilled managers and workforce with
experience Excellent transport facilities are available

Close to some of the most advanced technological and scientific centres of the world Silicon Valley,
California Pleasant climate with clean environment Located close to major airports

Other emerging cities of IT industry in India are Mumbai Chennai Hyderabad New Delhi Gurgaon Pune
Thiruvanantapuram Kochi Chandigarh