Final Edit

A study on Consumer awareness towards Solar energy and its Products
The Oxford College Of Business Management Page 1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION



INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY CONSERVATION
We talk about several aspects in our day-to-day life like cost of living going up, inflation rates,
sports, in fact even about the stock market at times. However, have you ever given a thought on
energy conservation? Energy conservation is definitely not an issue that will take a significant
place in our day to day lives; however it is one of the most important topics that need to be
discussed.
Each one of us uses energy in some form or the other all day long, throughout the year. Almost
every small thing we do requires energy right from cooking to transportation to lighting, cooling
and even entertainment.
WHAT IS ENERGY CONSERVATION?
Energy conservation means making an effort to reduce the consumption of natural energy
sources like electricity, water and so on. Energy conservation refers to reducing energy through
using less of an energy service. Even though energy conservation reduces energy services, it can
result in increased environmental quality & Personal Security.
We depend on energy for almost everything in our lives. We wish to make our lives comfortable,
productive and enjoyable. Hence even if the outside temperature rises a little, we immediately
switch on the air conditioner to keep our house cool. This is again using up of energy.
Unfortunately, what we do not realize is that we have starting taking things for granted and we
have started wasting energy unnecessarily. Most of us forget that energy is available in
abundance but it is limited and hence to maintain the quality of life, it is important that we use
our energy resources wisely.
If we do not conserve energy, the energy will exhaust and we will have nothing to use. Also,
energy conservation is also important when it comes to climate change. Currently, erratic
climates and climatic changes are the greatest threats that we are facing today. Hence it is
important to conserve energy.



WAYS TO CONSERVE ENERGY
There are many ways to conserve energy. It depends on the kind of choices we make to help us
save our environment and also help our future generations. There are many things that will use
less energy and by using such things you will conserve energy in a sensible way. Instead of
normal tube lights, you can choose energy efficient bulbs. Energy efficient bulbs require less
energy to perform the same function that normal tube lights do.
Turning off all electronic devices when not in use is also a good way of conserving energy.
Replacing or repairing leaky faucets help in saving lot of water.
Use air conditioner only when required. Instead, you can keep the doors and vents closed to keep
your room. Also, you can save lot of energy by switching off the lights and using natural lighting
during day time.
Embracing an energy efficient lifestyle today will help you get a better life tomorrow. So let us
slow down the demand for energy and give a better future for our coming generation.
Taking into consideration of conservation of energy with a view of future prospectus solar
energy is one of the best forms of energy which should be used by people all over the world.
Solar energy is a resource which is not likely to depreciate as long as the sun continues to
shine on earth. Solar energy can be used to convert it into heat energy or it can be converted into
electricity.Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans
since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies
include solar heating, solar photovoltaic, electricity, solar and artificial photosynthesis, which
can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent energy problems the
world now faces. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active
solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar
techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and thermal collectors to harness the energy.
Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with
favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally
circulate air.


The Solar Energy Centre (SEC), established in 1982, is a dedicated unit of the Ministry of New
and Renewable Energy, Government of India for development of solar energy technologies and
its related science and engineering. To achieve its objective, the Centre has been working on
various aspects of solar resource utilization and technology development in collaboration with
other research institutions, implementing agencies and industry. Over the years, the Centre has
developed a variety of technical facilities for technology evaluation and validation, testing and
standardization, performance reliability, monitoring and data analysis apart from training. In
2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, inexhaustible
and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase
countries energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-
independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of
mitigating climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages
are global. Hence the additional costs of the incentives for early deployment should be
considered learning investments; they must be wisely spent and need to be widely shared.



Chapter 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
&
RESEARCH DESIGN



REVIEW OF LITERATURE & RESEARCH DESIGN:
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

2.1 EMPIRE OFF THE GRID.
Authors:Adee, Sally
Source:IEEE Spectrum; Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p32-39, 8p,

According to the article reports on the inventions of Dean Kamen who is considered to be the
world's most famous living inventor and the applications of those inventions in his own house.
He uses light-emitting diodes in exchange for the incandescent bulb to light his Dumplonian
Empire. LEDs help to lessen the use of energy as well as add beautification in his home. He uses
Teletrol building controller to save and control the LEDs.
ISSN:00189235
Accession Number:45891879
Database: Business Source Elite

2.2 This paper appears in:IEE Review
Date of Publication: 21 Jan 1999
Author(s):Doig, Alison
Intermediate Technol., Bourton on Dunsmore, UK
Volume: 45 , Issue: 1
Page(s): 25 - 28
Product Type: Journals & Magazines
According to the article Access to electricity is a key element in determining quality of life. In
this paper, the author describes some of the approaches to supplying electricity to poor rural
communities beyond the reach of a conventional electricity grid connection, evaluation of
electrical performance, and the current efforts being made to improve conversion efficiency. It was
also important to examine the actual effect of the color filters on the light input into the panel. These
improvements being made in the technology are wonderful, but worthless unless they can be put to
good use. Why should scientists bother with all the effort of improving alternative energy collection
methods when the world is already quite happy with its current energy supply? Obviously, fossil


fuels will only last so long, and solar energy is emerging as the heir-apparent to the oil dynasty, as
the best choice economically and ecologically.
2.3 The diffusion of renewable energy technology: an analytical framework and key issues
for research
StaffanJacobsson
Anna Johnson
Department of Industrial Dynamics, School of Technology Management and Economics,
Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
According to this article during the last two decades there has been a great deal of research on
renewable energy technologies. It is commonly thought that very little has come out of this
research in terms of commercially interesting technologies. The first objective of this paper is to
demonstrate that this perception is no longer entirely correct; in the 1990s there has been a
double-digit growth rate in the market for some renewable energy technologies. The
consequent alteration in the energy system is, however, a slow, painful and highly uncertain
process. This process, we argue, needs to be studied using an innovation system perspective
where the focus is on networks, institutions and firms perceptions, competencies and
strategies. The second objective of the paper is therefore to present the bare bones of such an
analytical framework. A third objective is to identify a set of key issues related to the speed and
direction of that transformation process which needs to be studied further.
2.4 Comparative life-cycle assessment of a small wind turbine for residential off-grid use
Brian Fleck,
Marc Huot
The University of Alberta, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 4-9 Mechanical
Engineering Building, Edmonton AB T6G 2G8, Canada



According to this article the popularity of renewable energy systems grows, small wind turbines
are becoming a common choice for off-grid household power. However, the true benefits of such
systems over the traditional internal combustion systems are unclear. This study employs a life-
cycle assessment methodology in order to directly compare the environmental impacts, net-
energy inputs, and life-cycle cost of two systems: a stand-alone small wind turbine system and a
single-home diesel generator system. The primary focus for the investigation is the emission of
greenhouse gases (GHG) including CO
2
, CH
4
, and N
2
O. These emissions are calculated over the
life-cycle of the two systems which provide the same amount of energy to a small off-grid home
over a twenty-year period. The results show a considerable environmental benefit for small-scale
wind power. The wind generator system offered a 93% reduction of GHG emissions when
compared to the diesel system. Furthermore, the diesel generator net-energy input was over
200 MW, while the wind system produced an electrical energy output greater than its net-energy
input. Economically, the conclusions were less clear. The assumption was made that diesel fuel
cost over the next twenty years was based on May 2008 prices, increasing only in proportion to
inflation. As such, the net-present cost of the wind turbine system was 14% greater than the
diesel system. However, a larger model wind turbine would likely benefit from the effects of the
economy of scale, producing superior results both economically and environmentally.

2.5 This paper appears in:
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT Europe), 2010 IEEE PES
Date of Conference: 11-13 Oct. 2010
Author(s):Hamidi, Vandad
Transm. &Distrib., Mott MacDonald Ltd., Glasgow, UK
Smith, Kenneth Scot; Wilson, Roddy C.
Page(s): 1 - 8
Product Type: Conference Publications
According to the article electricity networks operators must operate their network with a high
degree of efficiency and reliability. Presently the drivers for lower-carbon electricity generation
technologies are high, and to accommodate such technologies (e.g. large-scale wind power),


significant changes have to be made to the way that Transmission and Distribution (T&D)
networks are designed and operated. The Smart Grid concept has been introduced to highlight
alternative, automated technologies that may bring significant benefits to the T&D networks.
This paper summarizes smart grid technologies within the T&D sector that in terms of
technology readiness are superior to other technologies, and are expected to be deployed in the
near future. This paper summarizes the drivers behind development of the smart grid, then by
introducing some smart grid technologies, their potential applications and benefits are discussed.
The engineering challenges which may prevent large scale deployment of smart grid
technologies is discussed.
2.5 Journal Article.
Journal: Wind Engineering.
Publisher: Multi science publishing
Potential of autonomous/ off-grid hybrid wind-diesel power system of electrification of a remote
settlement in Saudi Arabia.
According to the article the present study, hourly mean wind-speed data recorded at Rafha, Saudi
Arabia, have been analyzed for the potential of utilising autonomous hybrid (wind-diesel) power
systems to meet the load requirements of a typical remote settlement, namely Rawdhat Bin Habbas,
near Rafha and with a population of 10,000 and having an annual electrical energy demand of 13,200
MWh. The monthly average wind speeds range from 2.7 m/s to 4.2 m/s at 10 m height. The hybrid
systems considered consist of different combinations of 1.3 MW commercial wind machines
supplemented with diesel generators. National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) HOMER
software has been used to evaluate the potential of hybrid wind-diesel power systems. The study
indicates that for a hybrid system consisting of 3.9 MW (three 1.3 MW wind machines, 50 m hub-height)
wind farm capacity together with 4.5 MW diesel system (three 1.5 MW units), the simulated wind
penetration is 24 %. The cost of electricity from this hybrid configuration is calculated to be 0.078
/kWh(assumingadieselfuelpriceof 0.1/litre). The results confirm that the number of operational hours of
diesel generators in this winddiesel system decreases with increase in wind farm capacity. Emphasised
are: wind penetration, reducing excess energy production, un-met load, cost of energy, effect of hub-



height on energy production, fuel-savings/reduction-in-carbon-emissions (relative to the diesel-only
situation).

2.6 Energy Policy
Volume 38, Issue 2, February 2010, Pages 10871097
According to the article Lanterns that use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) powered by batteries,
which are in turn charged by grid electricity or small solar panels, have emerged as a cost-
competitive alternative to kerosene and other fuel-based lighting technologies, offering brighter
light for longer duration at equal or lower cost over time. This paper presents lessons learned
from the introduction of solar LED lanterns in rural Malawi. We discuss a market-based program
using new and existing local commercial structures such as vendors and cooperatives to sell
lanterns to village households without subsidy. The paper addresses issues of enterprise
development, community interactions, and survey data on lighting use and expenditure patterns
before and after LED lantern introduction. Households that purchased a lantern reported high
levels of satisfaction with the LED lanterns as well as savings in annual kerosene expenditure
comparable to the price of the lantern. These households also reported monthly incomes
comparable to the price of the LED lanterns whereas non-adopters surveyed reported monthly
incomes about half this level, suggesting a need for financing options to maximize adoption
among poorer populations in rural areas. These results suggest that similar market based models
of LED lighting technology dissemination have the potential to be replicated and scaled up in
other off-grid regions in developing countries. However, viability of local cooperatives and
supply chains for lantern products over the medium-to-long term remain to be assessed.



INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY:
Energy conservation refers to reducing energy through using less of an energy service.
Even though energy conservation reduces energy services, it can result in increased
environmental quality & Personal Security. Taking into consideration of conservation of energy
with a view of future prospectus Solar energy is one of the best forms of energy which should
be used by people all over the world. Solar energy is a resource which is not likely to depreciate
as long as the sun continues to shine on earth. Solar energy can be used to convert it into heat
energy or it can be converted into electricity.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:
The study titled Factors influencingEnergy conservation during Power crisis- Off
Grid Technologyis undertaken with an intention to understand overall market movements of the
new technology (OFF-GRID) affecting the individual & the environment includes fundamental
factors as well as psychological factors. Shifts in demand & supply can be detected with the help
of the manufacturers, marketers & the research foundations.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Energy from the sun provide consistent and ready source of solar power throughout the year. As
our natural resources set to decline in recent years, Its important for the whole world to move
towards renewable sources. The main benefit of solar energy that it can be easily deployed by
both home and business users as it does not require any huge investments. Solar energy not only
benefits individual owners, but also benefit environment as well. The energy generated by the
sun has more strength when compared to the total amount of electricity used by people within
one year. Energy generated from these solar power panels is extremely useful for people who are
unable to gain access to the usual supply of electricity.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
To measure the rate of awareness among the people of India about Solar energy.
To study the consumer awareness towards Solar energy Products.


To know the consumers usage of the solar energy based products.
To understand the benefits accured by using the solar products.
To give suggestions to improve the penetration of solar products.

Hypothesis:
According to sample size of 100 collected, hypothesis testing is done using CHI SQUARE test
by considering:
H
o
= Solar energy is not harnessed fully in India.
H
1
= Solar Energy is harnessed fully in India
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the problem. It may be understood has a
science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study the various steps that all
generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind
them. The scope of research methodology is wider than that of research method.

MEANING OF RESEARCH
Research is defined as a scientific & systematic search for pertinent information on a specific
topic. Research is an art of scientific investigation. Research is a systemized effort to gain new
knowledge. It is a careful inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of
knowledge. The search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding
solution to a problem is a research.



RESEARCH DESIGN
A research is the arrangement of the conditions for the collections and analysis of the data in a
manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. In
fact, the research is design is the conceptual structure within which research is conducted; it
constitutes the blue print of the collection, measurement and analysis of the data. As search the
design includes an outline of what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis and its
operational implication to the final analysis of data.
SOURCE OF DATA:
Primary Source: Data is collected from respondents through structured questionnaire and
personal interviews. These data will help to read employee mind. This data will be more accurate
and precise.

Secondary Source: to have a deep knowledge not only primary data but data which is already
available should also be used. Then only it is possible to have a clear-cut study. This is possible
through secondary source. The secondary source of data is collected from both internal and
external source. The internal sources include Companies journal, magazines etc. The external
sources includes web sites and from various book and brochures.

SAMPLING METHOD

There are various types of sampling techniques. Simple Random Sampling is used to collect data
from various sources.

SAMPLE SIZE

Number of the sampling units selected from the population is called the size of the sample.



DATA ANALYSIS

Date Collected is analysed and tabulated .Chi-square Test is used to prove the hypothesis.
A chi-squared test, also referred to as chi-square test or test, is any statistical hypothesis test in
which the sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-squared distribution when the null
hypothesis is true, or any in which this is asymptotically true, meaning that the sampling
distribution (if the null hypothesis is true) can be made to approximate a chi-squared distribution
as closely as desired by making the sample size large enough.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:
Marketing: The science and art of exploring, creating, and delivering value to satisfy the needs
of a target market at a profit. Marketing identifies unfulfilled needs and desires. It defines,
measures and quantifies the size of the identified market and the profit potential. It pinpoints
which segments the company is capable of serving best and it designs and promotes the
appropriate products and services.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:
The Product or technology is new to the market.
The data is restricted to Bangalore.
Results are purely based on primary information
The analysis and interpretation is made under the assumption that data are accurate
There are various factors such as of political, economic and scientific research &
approvals which are very difficult to determine the acceptance of the technology.

RESEARCH DESIGN:
The data is collected through the secondary sources. The study is based on existing solar energy
companies with respect to implementations of new technology, the data will be analysed with the
help of relevant informations.


Chapter scheme:
Chapter 1: Introduction
The study will equip the readers, who are not well versed with the area, to understand the report.
It includes different area considered under study.
Chapter 2: Research design
The report will provide a plan of the study that includes statements of the problem, need for
study, review of previous studies, objectives, scope of the study, hypothesis, operational
definition of concepts, methodology, and limitations of the study and an overview of the chapter
scheme.
Chapter 3: Analysis and Interpretation of Data.
The chapter will include analysis and interpretation of data and information will be
provided by appropriate means of table, graphs and charts wherever necessary followed by the
references.
Chapter 4: Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Suggestions.
The study will provide a summary of findings that will be compiled from the inferences drawn
through the analysis of data. Conclusions and recommendations will be provided on the basis
findings.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
This chapter deals with the list of various books, articles, websites that are referred and used in
the research on Technical analysis.
www.wikipedia.com
www.cleantechnica.com
Solar Energy Archieves


ANNEXURE:This chapter includes the data used for the calculations supporting interpretation
etc.



CHAPTER-3
PROFILE OF THE INDUSTRY



INDUSTRY PROFILE:
INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is genesis for all forms of energy. This energy can be made use of in two ways
the Thermal route i.e. using heat for drying, heating, cooking or generation of electricity or
through the Photovoltaic route which converts solar energy in to electricity that can be used for a
myriad purposes such as lighting, pumping and generation of electricity. With its pollution free
nature, virtually inexhaustible supply and global distribution- solar energy is very attractive
energy resource.

The solar industry has immense potential for a tropical country like india where around 45% of
households, mainly rural ones, do not have access to electricity, says our says new research
report Indian Solar Energy Market Outlook2012. The industry has witnessed rapid growth
over the past few years and is projected to grow further.

India is blessed with ample solar radiation and most part of the country receives 300 to 330
sunny days in a year. India receives solar energy equivalent to more than 5,000 Trillion kWh per
year, which is far more than its total annual energy consumption. The countrys geographical
location, large population and government support are assisting it to become one of the most
rapidly emerging solar energy markets in the world. Consequently, the country is becoming a
favorite investment destination for both local and global players in future.

Demand for solar products has been rapidly rising for the recent years, especially in rural areas,
and is expected to continue growing substantially during our forecast period (2011-2013). Solar
street lighting systems, home lighting systems, power plants, solar cookers, solar pumps and
solar water heating systems are the most popular applications in India. The number of solar water
heating systems is projected to grow at a CAGR of about 22% between 2011 and 2013.
Many states have started promoting solar based applications by giving incentives and tax
savings. States like Gujarat and Rajasthan have formulated transparent and progressive
regulatory framework in order to boost the solar industry.

Besides, states like Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Chandigarh are
promoting solar energy in rural, urban and semi urban areas


The report provides an extensive research and rational analysis of the solar industry in India. It
thoroughly examines current industry trends, with focus on recent changes in the state and
country level regulatory environment. The report will assist investors to understand the market
dynamics and get an insight into the future outlook of solar power market in India. Besides
giving projections for various energy indicators, the report contains forecast for different
segments of the solar power industry based on feasible solar industry environment. These
include:

- Solar Street Lighting System
- Solar Home Lighting System
- Solar Lantern
- Solar Photovoltaic Pumps
- Solar Water Heating System
- Solar Cookers.
The forecast given in this report is not based on a complex economic model, but is intended as a
rough guide to the direction in which the market is likely to move. This forecast is based on
correlations between past market growth, growth of base drivers and possible impact of recession
in the economy.
Why is Solar?
Solar Energy can be utilized for varied applications. So the answer to Why Solar question can
be sought from two different perspectives: utilizing solar energy for grid-interactive and off-grid
(including captive) power generation.

1. Solar for grid connected electricity:
Grid interactive solar energy is derived from solar photovoltaic cells and CSP Plants on a large
scale. The grid connection is chosen due to following reasons:
Solar Energy is available throughout the day which is the peak load demand time


Solar energy conversion equipments have longer life and need lesser maintenance and hence
provide higher energy infrastructure security
Low running costs & grid tie-up capital returns (Net Metering)
Unlike conventional thermal power generation from coal, they do not cause pollution and
generate clean power.
Abundance of free solar energy throughout all parts of world (although gradually decreasing
from equatorial, tropical, sub-tropical and polar regions). Can be utilized almost everywhere.

2. Solar for off-grid solutions:
While, the areas with easier grid access are utilizing grid connectivity, the places where utility
power is scant or too expensive to bring, have no choice but to opt for their own generation.
They generate power from a diverse range of small local generators using both fossil fuels
(diesel, gas) and locally available renewable energy technologies (solar PV, wind, small hydro,
biomass, etc.) with or without its own storage (batteries). This is known as off-grid electricity.
Remote power systems are installed for the following reasons:
Desire to use renewable - environmentally safe, pollution free
Combining various generating options available- hybrid power generation
Desire for independence from the unreliable, fault prone and interrupted grid connection
Available storage and back-up options
No overhead wires- no transmission loss
Varied applications and products: Lighting, Communication Systems, Cooking, Heating,
Pumping, Small scale industry utilization etc.

TECHNOLOGY
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC
Solar photovoltaic (SPV) cells convert solar radiation (sunlight) into electricity. A solar cell is a
semi-conducting device made of silicon and/or other materials, which, when exposed to sunlight,
generates electricity. Solar cells are connected in series and parallel combinations to form
modules that provide the required power.
Crystalline Silicon solar cells (C-Si): Mono crystalline and Polycrystalline
Thin-film solar cells: Amorphous Silicon Solar cells (A-Si), CIGS, CdTe
PV modules are manufactured by assembling the solar cells after stringing, tabbing and
providing other interconnections.



SOLAR THERMAL

Solar Thermal Power systems, also known as Concentrating Solar Power systems, use
concentrated solar radiation as a high temperature energy source to produce electricity using
thermal route. High temperature solar energy collectors are basically of three types:
Parabolic trough system: at the receiver can reach 400 C and produce steam for generating
electricity.
Power tower system: The reflected rays of the sun are always aimed at the receiver, where
temperatures well above 1000 C can be reached.
Parabolic dish systems: Parabolic dish systems can reach 1000 C at the receiver, and achieve the
highest efficiencies for converting solar energy to electricity.

INDIA'S UNIQUE PROPOSITION
Economic Value: The generation of solar electricity coincides with the normal peak demand
during daylight hours in most places, thus mitigating peak energy costs, brings total energy bills
down, and obviates the need to build as much additional generation and transmission capacity as
would be the case without PV.
Geographical Location: India being a tropical country receives adequate solar radiation for 300
days, amounting to 3,000 hours of sunshine equivalent to over 5,000 trillion kWh. Almost all the
regions receive 4-7 kWh of solar radiation per sq meters with about 2,3003,200 sunshine
hours/year, depending upon the location. Potential areas for setting up solar power plant can be
analyzed using Solar irradiation map of India. Our State wise analysis of Solar resource,
Business Opportunities and Latest trends in the states are discussed:
Andhra Pradesh Bihar Gujarat Haryana Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra Orissa Punjab Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh West Bengal
Power Shortage: Electricity losses in India during transmission and distribution have been
extremely high over the years and this reached a worst proportion of about 24.7% during 2010-
11. India is in a pressing need to tide over a peak power shortfall of 13% by reducing losses due
to theft. Theft of electricity, common in most parts of urban India, amounts to 1.5% of Indias
GDP. Due to shortage of electricity, power cuts are common throughout India and this has
adversely affected the countrys economic growth.



Capacity Installed
SOURCE
CUMULATIVE CAPACITY
(numbers)
Rural / Semi Urban Biogas
Plants 42,77,000
SPV Street Lighting System 1,21,634
SPV Home Lighting System 6,19,428
SPV Lanterns 8,13,380
SPV Pumps 7,495
Solar Cookers 6,64,000



Current Projects (includes both- installed and under installation projects)
S.No State
PhotovoltaicCapacity
(MW)
Solar
ThermalCapacity
(MW)
1. Rajasthan 43 400
2. Gujarat 722 45
3. Maharashtra 133 -
4. Karnataka 10 -
5. Andhra Pradesh 20.5 -
6. Uttarakhand 4 -
7. Punjab 5 -
8. Haryana 7.8 -
9. Uttar Pradesh 11 -
10. Jharkhand 16 -
11. Chhattisgarh 4 -
12. Madhya Pradesh 7.25 -
13. Odisha 11 -
14. Tamil Nadu 12 -
TOTAL 1006.55 445



4. RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND
DISCUSSIONS



50
30
15
5
Respondents
Chart showing the awareness about solar erergy to
common public
Very Sure Quite Sure Somewhat No Sure

1: Table showing awareness about solar energy in common public
Respondents
Very Sure 50
Quite Sure 30
Somewhat 15
Not Sure 5

Analysis: 50% respondents are very sure of knowing about solar energy, 30% respondents are
quite sure of knowing it while 15% respondents somewhat know about it & 5% respondents are
not sure of knowing about solar energy.

Interpretation: from the above table it is understood that majority of respondents are very sure
of knowing about solar energy while the rest belong to have half knowledge of it while a very
less respondents say they do not know about it.



2: Table showing the respondents awareness towards solar cell functioning
Options Respondents
Yes 35
Somewhat 20
A Little 5
No 40

Analysis: 35% respondents say they know how the solar cells function while 20% respondents
say they know somewhat about it, 5% respondents say they know a little about the functioning
while 40% respondents say they do not know about how solar cells work.

Interpretation: From the above table its understood that 35 respondents know well about the
functioning of solar cells 20 respondents have some kind of idea about it & a small group of
respondents have a little knowledge of solar cells & majority of respondents do not know how
solar cells function.

35
20
5
40
Respondents
Chart showing the respondents awareness
towards solar cell functioning
Yes Somewhat A Little No


3) Table showing the provision of giving subsidies by the government for solar
energy products?
Respondents %
Yes 48%
No 52%

48
52
government subsidies
Chart showing the provision of giving
subsidies by the government for solar energy
products
Yes No


4) The table showing the people who have availed the facilities among the
people who knew about the subsidies provided by the government for solar
energy products?
Respondents %
Yes 40%
No 60%

40
60
availed the facilities
Chart showing the people who have availed
the facilities among the people who knew
about the subsidies provided by the
government for solar energy products
Yes No


less cost power failure energy saving
% 35 13 52
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
A
x
i
s

T
i
t
l
e

Chart showing the reasons of people using solar
products in %

5) Table showing the reasons of people using solar products?

Respondents %
Less cost 35%
Power failure 13%
Energy saving 52%



6. Table showing the solar energy full harness in India
Options Respondents
A) Yes 20
B) Somewhat 10
C) A little 10
D) Not at all 60

Analysis: 20% respondents say that Solar energy is harnessed fully in India, 10% respondents
each say somewhat & a little part of the country is harnessed by solar energy but 60%
respondents say that the country is not fully harnessed by solar energy.

Interpretation: Majority of the respondents believe that the country is not fully harnessed by
solar energy while the rest have mixed opinion about the above question.

20
10 10
60
Respondents
Chart showing the solar energy full harness in
India
Yes Somewhat A Little Not at all


7. Table showing the backup source of lighting used during power failure.
Options Respondents
Candle 25
Flashlight 10
Rechargeable (solar) 5
UPS 50
Kerosene Generator 10

Analysis: 25% respondents depend upon candles, 10% respondents on flashlights, 5%
respondents on solar, 50% on UPS & 10% on Kerosene generators as a source of lighting during
power failure
.

Interpretation: Majority of respondents depend upon UPS while all others depend upon other
sources like candles, flash lights & kerosene generators but a small group of respondents depend
upon solar rechargeable as a backup source for lighting during power failure

25
10
5
50
10
Respondents
Chart showing the backup source of lighting used
during power failure
Candle Flashlight Rechargeable UPS Kerosens Generator


8) Which products are you aware of which run on solar energy?

Products In % out of the sample considered
Solar Lamps 98
Solar Cookers 90
Solar Heaters 99
Solar Fingerprint Machines 43
Solar Security Surveillance Cameras 30
Others (mention if any) 20
Interactive white board, Computer IT products, Network Security products.

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
In % out of the sample considered
In % out of the sample
considered


9. Table showing the various solar technologies most interested.
Options Respondents
Cost assessment 20
Energy trading 10
Feasibility study 15
Investment decision 10
Maintenance 10
Plant operation 20
Research/education/promotion 15
Analysis: 20% respondents are interested in cost assessment, 10% in energy trading,10% in
investment decisions, 10% in maintenance & 20% in plant operations, 15% in Feasibility study,
15% in Research/education/promotion.

Interpretation: Most of them

0
5
10
15
20
25
Chart showing the various solar technologies
most interested
Cost assessment Energy trading
Feasibillity study Investment decision
Maintenance plant operation
Research/education/promotion


10. Table showing usage of solar system.

Options Respondents
Less than 1 year 10
1year-3years 20
3years-5years 15
5years & above 45

Analysis: 10% respondents solar system is running from less than a year, 20% respondents
solar system is running from 1-3 years, 15% respondents solar system is running between 3-5
years while 45% respondents solar system is running from minimum 5 years.

Interpretation: Majority of the respondents solar system is running from past 5 years & above
while all others categorize between 1year to 5 years of usage.

10
20
15
45
Respondents
Chart showing usage of solar system
Less than 1 year 1 year - 3 years 3 years - 5 years 5 years & above


11: Table showing the opinion about solar energy as renewable energy.
Options Respondents
1 5
2 30
3 30
4 35

Analysis: 35% respondents strongly believe that solar energy is a renewable energy, 30% each
accept that the solar energy is a renewable energy while only 5% respondents say that its least
reliable.

Interpretation: Majority of the respondents agree that solar energy is a renewable energy while
a very less number of respondents feel that it is not reliable.

5
30 30
35
Respondents
Chart showing the opinion about
solar energy as renewable energy
1 2 3 4


12. Table showing the importance to include the advantages of using solar
energy in the primary education
Options Respondents
Not important 00
Somewhat important 20
Important 20
Very important 15
Completely necessary 40
Dont know 5

Analysis:40 % respondents said that is important topic said that itof sustainable use of energy
sources,20% said that its not important
Interpretation: Majority of respondents said that its important include the topic of sustainable
energy source in education system

0
10
20
30
40
50
Respondents
Chart showing the importance to include the
advantages of using solar energy in the primary
education
Not important
Somewhat important
Important
Very important
Completely necessary
Dont know


13. Table showing the importance that should receive suggestions/alternatives
such that we can afford to choose environmental friendly solutions which may
not be the cheapest alternative
Not important 00
Important 10
Completely necessary 50
Somewhat important 5
Very important 20
Dont know 15

Analysis:50 % respondents said that isaid that that we should receive suggestions/alternatives
such that we can afford to choose environmental friendly solutions which may not be the
cheapest alternative where 15 % said they dont know .
Interpretation: Majority of respondents said that that we should receive suggestions/alternatives
such that we can afford to choose environmental friendly solutions which may not be the
cheapest alternative.
10
50
5
20
15
Respondents
Chart Showing the importance that should
receive suggestions/alternatives such that we can
afford to choose environmental friendly solutions
which may not be the cheapest alternative
Important Completely necessary Somewhat important Very important Dont know


Hypothesis Testing:
H
o
= Solar energy is not harnessed fully in India.
H
1
= Solar Energy is harnessed fully in India

Formula Used:

The chi-square value is 7,815 < 68 the table value hence, at 0.05% significance
level, the test says that the solar energy is not fully harnessed in India and hence we
reject H
1
and accept H
o.

O E O-E

20 25 -5 25 1
10 25 -15 225 9
10 25 -15 225 9
60 25 35 1225 49

=68


Abstract:
Energy security has an important bearing on achieving national economic development goals and
improving the quality of life of the people. An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise)
in the supply of energy resources to an economy. The increasing prices for petroleum products,
projection that petroleum resources would be exhausted in a relatively short period of time and
the use of fossil fuel resources for political purposes will adversely affecting worldwide
economic and social development. In addition, global warming caused largely by green house
gas emission from fossil fuel generating systems is also a major concern. These problems can be
overcome by alternative sources that are renewable, cheap, easily available, and sustainable. And
the solar energy is best promising source. But unfortunately this source of energy has been get
neglected. People are using solar energy systems in industries as well as for household purposes
but its use is negligible .Most of the people are not aware of use of solar energy systems. In this
study researcher has aimed to find out the consumer aware of Solar energy, solar energy systems
and its use



5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS AND
SUGGESTIONS



Suggestions:
Mix Using innovative technology and cheap raw material to reduce production
price
Increasing efficiency of solar panels
Reducing size of solar panels and multi designs of solar panels
Assurance of good after sales and maintenance services
Manufacturing Solar panels which can also used as decorative item for roof
Reducing price of solar products to more extend, By mass production, using cheap
easily available raw material and new technology
Providing financial solutions for purchase of solar products
Government has to provide income tax benefits on purchasing of solar system like
insurance policies and infrastructure bonds to individual solar customer
Making available in each electronic shop, in malls as consumer electronics, also
making easy availability in rural market
Government has to increase no. of Akshay Urja shops in cities as well as each
talukas places. Urja shops should be in each corner of the city.
Promotion mix is most important mix overall. Heavy promotion by government as
well as by manufacturer and marketers of solar energy systems.
Government has to promote solar energy by appointing Brand ambassador, very
famous, well known personality like Mr. Amitabh Bachhan, Amir Khan, Anna
Hazare, Kajol etc.
Government should launch advertising campaign like polio dose and digital set top
box, which is already running in Medias.
NGO and social group help can be taken for promotion of solar products. Detailed
informative chapters should be including in school syllabus



CONCLUSION:
Despite immense potential, the market for solar gadgets isn't very sunny in India. Lack of
awareness and perceived high cost of these products pose hurdles in the way of their
acceptance Awareness about solar products in India can be attributed to factors like lack
of marketing initiatives, less visibility, and high cost of products. These factors are also
blocking their wide acceptance .While the future for solar technologies looks bright, solar
programs must learn to tell solar energy's 'value' story. Creating messages that connect to
consumers on a financial or value level are the keys to increasing solar installations. Doing
so will mean stronger state economies, more jobs, a cleaner environment and another step
toward energy independence.



Policy Implications
and
Scope of further study:

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A study on Consumer awareness towards Solar energy and its Products

The Oxford College Of Business Management Page 1

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