The Characteristic of the Linguistic Study of the Language and Characteristic of

the Linguistic
Chapter 1: Introduction
Language is one of the most essential forms for the human beings. It has the
important role in the human life and it has, accordingly, always had a place in the
academic world. Language changes and develops trough time. So that, it must also be
realized that the linguistic study of the language, in common with most other subjects
of systematic study, is not static. Viewpoints, including some of quite fundamental
importance, may change or receive different degrees of emphasis in the course of
years. he linguistic study of the language is different with the study of individual
languages.
!eanwhile, linguistic as the each of social science has more specific scope
than the linguistic study of the language, it concentrates on the nature of language and
communications.
"inally, both the linguistic study of language and the linguistic deal with the
human language, namely spo#en and written language and on the contrary, they don$t
deal with animal and plant language.
Chapter 2: Theory and Discussion
Linguistic study of language includes a number of related subjects involved in
the study of language. he most important and immediate subdivision of the subject
are descriptive linguistic, historical linguistic, and comparative linguistic.
Descriptive linguistic concerned with the description and analysis of the ways
in which language operates and is used by a given set of spea#er at a given time. It
has become an essential con%comitant to the newer language program.
Historical linguistic is the study of developments in languages in the course
of time, the ways in which languages change from period to period, and of the causes
and result of such changes both outside the languages and within them. his sort of
study, whether underta#en in general terms or concentrated on a particular language
area &e.g. 'nglish from old 'nglish to present day(, must properly be based on at least
)age * of +
partial descriptions of two or more stages of the continuous language series being
treated
*
.
he terms synchronic and diachronic are in general use to distinguish
respectively linguistics statement describing a stage of a language as self%contained
means of communications, at a given time, during which it is arbitrarily assumed that
no changes are ta#ing place, and statements relating to the changes that ta#e place in
languages during the passage of years.
,istorical linguistics might from one point of view be regarded as a special
case of comparative linguistics, the third subdivision of general linguistics. In
comparative linguistic one is concerned with comparing from one or more points of
view two or more different languages, and, more generally, with the theory and
techniques applicable to such comparison. In historical linguistic the comparison is
limited to languages which may be regarded as successive stages of the speech of
continuing speech community differing from one period to another as result of
cumulative effects of gradual changes, for the most part imperceptible within a single
generation.
In linguistic we tal# and discussed about the language more specific. he
details of descriptive linguistic is e-plained in this section. It is an empirical science,
in that its subject%matter is observable with the senses, speech as heard, the
movements of the vocal organs as seen directly or with the aid of instrument, the
sensation of spea#ing as perceived by spea#ers, and writing as seen and read. In this
section, descriptive language tal#s and e-plains about the language with its
consonants, vowel system, stress and intonation, morpheme, syntactic devices,
transformation etc.
Language change and development of the language which is the division of
historical linguistics again discussed in the linguistic. Language change trough time.
'nglish as it is spo#en today is very different from 'nglish spo#en around the end of
the first millennium, what we call ./ld 'nglish0 below I give samples of 'nglish
from periods
1
.
*
"rom 2.,. 2obinson$s boo# General Linguistic &3reat 4ritain5 6illiam 7lowes and son, limited,
London and 4eccles, *89:(
1
See Victoria "rom#lin and 2obert 2odman, An introduction to Language, ; rd ed. & <ew =or#5 ,olt,
2inehart and 6inston, *8:;(
)age 1 of +
Old nglish
<u sculon herigean heofonrinces weard
arly !odern
nglish
<ow 6e%must praise
,eaven%
#ingdoms
guardian

!iddle
nglish
6han hat >pprile 6ith ,is Shoures Soote
arly !odern
nglish
6hen he >pril 6ith Its Showers Sweet

/ne reason languages change is because they come into contact with other
languages, by which they are influenced and from which they borrow words,
structure, and meanings. Seconds, children are the major force behind language
change. 7hildren are confronted with linguistic data that is based on the speech of
adults, but they have to induce this grammar based on that data and their innate
language capacity. Sometimes we heard the children said .me go haus0 than .I go to
house0. hird, humans are prone to speed up sentences li#e .,e is gone0 and .he has
gone0 to something li#e .he$s gone0& note the invention here of the comple- word
?he$s$ with its two parts he and s (. his letter version is faster, but less clear & because
we cannot tell whether ?s$ means ?has$ or ?is$ here(. If this second version became the
only acceptable version &by being said so often that a new generation of children
acquiring the language thought it the only version(, the language would have changed,
losing certain information but gaining speed.
he speeding%up process continue, eventually producing perhaps $,e gone$
instead of ?,e$s gone$. <ow a new generation of children may feel that quic#ening%up
process has gone far enough and begin to add bac# information for clarity, saying,
perhaps, ?,e done gone$ for the meaning ? ,e has gone$ and continuing to use ?he
)age ; of +
gone ? for the meaning ?he is gone$. <ow the language has regrown the original
distinction but has slowed down jus a bit.
7omparative linguistic shows that comparison of one sort or another between
different languages is as old as the study of languages. In general linguistics today
comparative studies form an important part of the subject and of our understanding of
the wor#ing and development of languages the world over. /ne of type of linguistic
comparison ,probably the one best #nown to the general public, is historically
orientated comparison, which can strictly be designated comparative and historical
linguistics" is widely #nown as ?comparative philology$
Some samples from 'uropean languages will illustrate this
;
5
!eaning 'nglish 3erman "rench Italian Spanish
,and hand ,and main mano mano
Life life Leben vie vita Vida
Summer summer sommer ete estate 'stio
3ive give geben donner donare donar
It will be seen from this e-amples that 'nglish and constitute one group one
group, and "rench, Italian, and Spanish another group, in which these words forms sf
similar show obvious similarities with one another, but not between languages of the
different groups.
Chapter #: Conclusion
"inally, we have come to the end of our topic which tal#s about the
characteristic of linguistics study of the language and the linguistic. 6e comprehend
that the linguistic study of language is wider than the linguistics but, both of them deal
with the human language. he entire characteristic mentioned above showed us that
actually language is not simple but on the contrary, it is very complicated subject that
always #eeps in growing. Last but not the least@ I hope this compiled writing will be
useful for me as the writer and to another. !ay >llah bless us. >mien
$eferences:
;
"rom 2.,. 2obinson$s boo# General Linguistic &3reat 4ritain5 6illiam 7lowes and son, limited,
London and 4eccles, *89:(
)age A of +
1% H%& 'leason" (r" linguistics and English Grammar, <ew =or#, 7hicago, San
"rasnsisco, oronto, London, *89+.
2% $%H $o)ins" General Linguistic, London, *89:.
#% H% &% 'leason" (r" Descriptive Linguistic, <ew =or#, 7hicago, San
"rasnsisco, oronto, London, *89B.
*% &ndre+ $adford" !artin &t,inson" David -ritain" Harald Clahsen"
&ndre+ Spencer" Linguistic: An Introduction, 7ambridge Cniversity )ress,
*888.
.% &rchi)ald &% Hill" Linguistics Today, <ew =or#, London, *898.
<ame 5 !. "ahrozi Daelani
7lass 5 'ng%;
<I! 5 !I'1E+EE9
)age + of +