CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses about the background of the study, problem of study,
objective of the study, the significance of the study and hypotheses
1.1 Background of the Study
English is one of the international languages used by many people in the world.
Most source of information including book, science, and technology are written in
English. Brumfit (!"# $ states that English is
%an international language and the most widespread medium of
communication, both because of the number and geographical areas of its
speakers and the large number of non native speakers who use it for part of
their international contact&.
Thus, it is not a surprise that English role is getting more and more important in
our life.
'uman beings start to learn language since they were born. (ndonesian
people ac)uire first language based on their mother tongue such as *avanese, and
Maduranese. These first languages are used in their daily communication. +
couple of years later, they begin to learn (ndonesian as their second language. (n
(ndonesia, English is not only taught in ,M- and ,M+ but also taught in

.
university (// ,isdiknas no. .0 th .001$. (n this case, English is studied as a
foreign language. Thus, it is clear that English is the first foreign language taught
in (ndonesia.

The students must be trained ade)uately in all the four basic skills to make
them easily practice and use the language. +lthough the learners have mastered
the rules, they have not learned the correct distribution of rules yet. (n fact, some
students in (ndonesia get some difficulties in learning English. They find many
differences in grammar, sound system, structure and culture concepts found in
English but not in (ndonesia. These differences can cause learning problems.
2earning English is important to prepare the students in facing
globali3ation era. (ndonesian use teaching academic content in two languages,
English as a foreign language and (ndonesia as the first language. The
phenomenon of people having more than one code (language$ is called
bilingualism or multilingualism (4ardaugh,!"5# 0$. +ccording to Bloomfield
(in 6ahardi, .00# 1$, bilingualism is a situation where a speaker can use two
languages as well. 7ne of the prominent features of bilingual is the mi8ing of two
languages, or the switch from one language to another by a bilingual person. Early
studies of speakers who were mi8ing two languages that were done in the !90s
by linguists like 'augen and 4einreich tended to categori3e all instances of
switching from one language to another as a kind of interference of one language
1
on another and thus definitions of the phenomena tended to be viewed in a rather
negative way ('amers : Blanch, .000$.
1. State!ent of the Pro"#e!$
. 'ow can the talking stick method be used to improve speaking skill the first
year students of ,M- . Tanggunggunung ;
1.% O"&ect'(e$ of the Study
+ccording to research problem, this study is directed to improve the students<
skill in speaking taught using talking stick method.
1.) S'gn'f'cance$ of the Study
(t is e8pected that the result of the research will be useful for the students, it is
hope that the research can be one of the ways to mastering speaking esier. =or the
teacher, it is e8pected that the study can be used as alternative to enrich her
knowledge, and e8perience in teaching learning process after knowing the
problem. =or the other researcher. (t can be a reference for the other researchers in
their researchs.
1.* Hy+othe$e$
>
(f talking skill is implemented in the English vocabulary teaching learning
process, the first year students< speaking mastery will improve.
9
?'+-TE6 ((
6E@(E4 7= 6E2+TEA 2(TE6+T/6E
The review of literature has purpose to give e8planation about definition of
vocabulary, Binds of vocabulary, teaching vocabulary, definition of talking stick,
teaching vocabulary by using talking stick
.. @ocabulary

2.1.1 The Definition of Vocabulary
2.1.2 Kinds of Vocabulary
2.1.2.1 Active Vocabulary
2.1.2.2 Passive Vocabulary
... Teaching @ocabulary
..1 Talking ,tick
..1. Aefinition of Talking ,tick
..1.. Teaching @ocabulary by /sing Talking ,tick
..> +ssessing @ocabulary
..9 @ocabulary /sed in This 6esearch
..5 The =unction of Mastering @ocabulary
..C The +dvantage of /sing ,peaking ,kill
5
.." 6elevant ,tudy
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH ,ETHODO-O./
This chapter presents the method used in conducting this research. (t presents the
research design, the subject of the study, the preliminary study, the procedures,
the data and source of the data, the instrument, the data collection and the data
analysis.
%.1 Re$earch De$'gn
The research design of this study is a ?lassroom +ction 6esearch (?+6$.
?reswell(.00"$ states that #
% action research are systematic procedures done by teachers ( or other individuals
in an educational setting$ to gather information about, and subse)uently improve,
the ways their particular educational setting operates, their teaching, and their
student learning&.
(t can be said that action research is %2earning by doing&, action it is meant a
group of people or a person (researcher$ identifies a problem, does something to
resolve, it sees how successful the efforts in the ne8t action
This classroom action research uses )ualitative approach to investigate
teaching and learning activities in the classroom and )uantitative data to get the
data of the test. (t is designed to improve student< speaking mastery by using
talking stick method, and the subjects who are students of ,M- D .
Tanggunggunung in the academic year .0>E.09.
C
%. Re$earch Procedure
The researcher consulted with the collaborator to find information whether
the situation of first year students, which the researcher found while she did the
preliminary study, could be improved through talking stick method, especially in
improving speaking mastery.
%.%.1 Pre#'!'nary Study
-reliminary study is important to be done to define the real problem in
speaking mastery. (t is done before the writer begins the action research and
during teaching to see what problems really e8ist during speaking teaching and
learning process.
%.. I!+#e!entat'on of the $tudy
This study consists of three phases they are plan, action, and observation.
%...1 P#ann'ng
%...1 Strategy
%... -e$$on P#an
%...% Cr'ter'a of Succe$$
%... Act'ng
(n this phase, the researcher gives the materials by using talking stick
method.
%....1 ,eet'ng 1
"
%.... ,eet'ng
%....% ,eet'ng %
%...% O"$er('ng
7bservation is the process of recording in this phase, the observing phase
was done at the same time with the acting phase.
%...) Ref#ect'ng
Auring the learning of speaking through the implementation of the talking
stick, the researcher found out more problems and weakness in this cycle, it would
be reflected and revised.
%.% Re$earcher0$ Attendance
The researcher<s attendance is very important in this study because this
design involved )ualitative approach.
%.) Sett'ng and Su"&ect of the Study
This research will conduct at ,M- D . Tanggunggunung because the
students have bad score and motivation in English lesson. The school has0
classes with around 10 teacher and 0 stafs.
%.* Data and Source of Data
%.1 Data Co##ect'ng ,ethod
!
%.2 Data Ana#y$'$