CAPSTONE II

PROJECT REPORT
(Semester January-May 2014)
STUDY OF CARBON CREDIT AND EMISSION IN STEEL SECTOR
& CASE STUDY ON CARBON CREDIT CALCULATION OF EAF








Submitted by

RINKU SINGROHA
Student I D 10108027




Under the Guidance of

Mr. R.K. Mahajan Mr. Shalom Akhai
Asst. Professor, Deptt. Of Asst. Professor, Deptt. of
Metallurgical Engineering MetallurgicalEngineering

Department Of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering
PEC University Of Technology, Chandigarh
(Deemed University)
January to May





DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the project work entitled STUDY OF CARBON CREDIT AND
EMISSION IN STEEL SECTOR & CASE STUDY ON CARBON CREDIT
CALCULATION OF EAF is an authentic record of our own work carried out at Materials
and Metallurgical Engineering Department, PEC University Of Technology as requirements
Capstone I Project of 8
th
semester for the award of degree of B.E. Metallurgical Engineering,
PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, under the guidance of Professor . Shalom Akhai
& Professor R.K Mahajan.









Date: (Student Name)



Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of my knowledge
and belief.




(Name & Designation)
Faculty Guide








ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The aim of the CAPSTONE PROJECT is to correlate theoretical course contents with
practical applications and to get to know the degree of ones own capabilities when
contributing to the conversion of scientific knowledge into practical results.

We welcome this opportunity to express our heartfelt gratitude and regards to our project
guide Prof Shalom Akhai & Prof R.K Mahajan Department of Materials & Metallurgical
Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh for his superb guidance,
encouragement and suggestions given by him undoubtedly helped in supplementing my
thoughts in the right direction for attaining the desired objective.

We are highly grateful to Dr. Uma Batra, Head of the department, Department of Materials &
Metallurgical Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, for providing
necessary facilities during the course of the work.

We wish to place our deep sense of thanks to Mr Inderjeet Singh for his cooperation and
critical suggestions during our experimental work.





Date: Rinku Singroha (10108027)







ABSTRACT
This Project deal with the study of carbon credits , its importance, basic concepts and its
effect on Indian Economy. Effect of certified emission reduction on Internal Rate Of Return
was observed. Emission study was done for Electric Arc furnace and Blast furnace. The
case study of Vardhman Special Steel was done , Electrode consumption Equation was
studied and Credits were calculated by calculation of Emission furnace and Conclusion
were drawn about the project.






























Index
Page No.
1. Introduction to Carbon Credits 1
1.1 Introduction
1.2. Types of Market
1.2.2 Indian Scenario Regarding Carbon Credit
1.3.1 Global Warming Potential Of Various Green House Gases
1.3.2 Total Emission Data Of Green House gases
1.3.3 Sector wise Emission data
1.3.4 Metal industry sector wise Emission data
1.4 Emission Reduction Techniques

2. Literature Survey 12
3. Present Work 16
3.1 Objective of Study & Problem formulation
1. Effect of CER on IRR
2. Revenue Generated by Indian company through Carbon Credit
3. Expected CER from Registered Company
4. Governing Body Related to CDM in India
5. Regulation at Global level
6. Calculation of Emission of Iron & Steel industry
4. Case Study on Carbon Credit calculation of a Local Company 31

4 . Conclusion 40
5.Future Scope 41
5. References 42






List Of Figures Page Number


1.1 Carbon Credit Exchange Cycle 1
1.2 Carbon Trading 3
1.3 Kyoto Protocol 6
1.4 The main greenhouse gases and their global warming Potential 7
1.5 Year wise CO2 emission data 7
1.6 GHG emission by Different sectors 8
1.7 Metal industry emission data 8
1.8 Life Cycle of Steel. 10
3.1 Table showing effect of CER on IRR 16
3.2 Table showing revenue generated by Indian companies through Carbon Credit 17
3.3 Graph Showing Revenue Generated by various Indian companies through Carbon
Credit 18
3.4 Excpected Annual CERS from Registered Project 19
3.5 Table showing Carbon Input & Output 21
3.6 Overview Of Blast Furnace 22
3.7 Basic Layout Of Electric Arc Furnace 27
3. 8 Diagram showing Electrode Consumption in EAF 30
4.1 Figure showing Various Raw Material Used For EAF 33
4.2 Table Showing Carbon % and Fe Yield of various Raw Materials 34
4.3 Top gas recycling for tuyre and tuyre + shaft 36
4.4 Image Showing Tuyre of blast furnace 37
4.5 Image Showing Hearth and Bosh Region of Blast Furnace 38