FT2255 - Dyeing, Printing and Pollution Control

QUESTION WITH NSWE!

"ran#$% "&Te#$ 'ear ( Se)% II ( III
Unit * I "+ECHIN,
-& E./lain t$e )e#$ani0) and /ro#e00 o1 0odiu) $y/o#$lorite 2lea#$ing 3it$ 0uita2le
re#i/e&
Sodiu) $y/o#$lorite
Sodium hypochlorite is a sodium salt of hypochlorous acid (HOCI).
Sodium hypochlorite is called as the strongest oxidative bleaching agent used in textile
processing because of it is released the nascent oxygen (bleaching agents) at room
temperature in alkali condition (pH!".# to !!)
$he strength of hypochlorites is generally expressed as the a4aila2le #$lorine #ontent. $he
amount of chlorine present in one liter of sodium hypochlorite solution
5e#$ani0) o1 2lea#$ing
$he mechanism of sodium hypochlorite (%aOCl) bleaching is four step processes.
!. Hydrolysis
&. 'elease of bleaching agent
(. )aximum development of bleaching active agent (HOCl)
*. +vailable chlorine
-& Hydroly0i0
Sodium hypochlorite is dissolved in ,ater and it-s release the Hypochlorous acid (HOCl)
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is the active bleaching agent.
NaOCl 6 H
2
O NaOH 6 HOCl
2& !elea0e o1 2lea#$ing agent
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a ,eakest acid in alkali condition. So that it is selfly
decomposed in this condition and disassociates in strongest hydrochloric acid (HCl) and
nascent oxygen (O).
$he nascent oxygen is a bleaching agent. It is oxdising the natural colouring matters and
converts to simple colourless compound.
HOCl 7 HCl 6 8O9
:& 5a.i)u) de4elo/)ent o1 2lea#$ing a#ti4e agent 8HOCl9
$o develop the maximum amount of amount bleaching active agent (HOCl) ,ith help of
hydrochloric acid (HCl) present solution.
NaOCl 6 HCl 7 NaCl 6 HOCl
;& For)ation o1 1ree #$lorine
$o release the chlorine for bleaching process
HOCl 6 HCl H
2
O6Cl
2
Pro#e00%
$he process of hypochlorite bleaching is normally batch process.
!. .abric preparation
&. /leaching solution preparation
(. /leaching
*. 0ashing
#. Souring
1. ,ashing
2. +ntichlor treatment
3. 0ashing
-& Fa2ri# /re/aration
.abric must be desi4ed and scoured.
2& "lea#$ing 0olution /re/aration
$he solution is prepared based on the belo, recipe
!e#i/e5
%aOCl 6 !.# to ( gpl of available chlorine
%a
&
CO
(
6 ".# gpl
Fun#tion o1 C$e)i#al
%aOCl 6 /leaching +gent
%a
&
CO
(
6 Its act as a buffer and to control pH of the solution. It-s also called bleaching
active agent
:& "lea#$ing
$he bleaching normally done in batch process. 7igger8 ,inch8 kier8 cistern8 soft flo,
dyeing machine normally used for bleaching process
Condition o1 /ro#e00%
$emperature 5 'oom temperature
pH 5 !".# 6 !!
$ime 5 !& Hours
Cistern machine5
Part0%
;& Wa0$ing
+fter bleaching8 the bleached fabric ,ashing ,ith hot ,ash and clod ,ash
5& Souring
/leached fabric is treated ,ith diluted hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid ,ith (" mins to
make neutral condition for bleached fabric.
<& Wa0$ing
+fter bleaching8 the bleached fabric ,ashing ,ith hot ,ash and clod ,ash
=& nti #$lorine treat)ent
+nti chlorine treatment is to remove the chlorine content present in the hypochlorite
bleached fabric to avoid the yello,ise problem due to formation of chloramines by using
sodium bisulphate or sodium thiosulphate or sodium hydrosulphite.
>& Wa0$ing
+fter bleaching8 the bleached fabric ,ashing ,ith hot ,ash and clod ,ash