UNIDAD DEL CURSO

Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana

Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Unidad #2. Evolucin Humana
Universidad de Antioquia
Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas
Introd. Antropologa Biolgica
Juan Esteban Sierra - 1036643636
Daniel
AUTOR(ES) AO
Jonathan I. Bloch and Doug M. Boyer 2002
Tracey H. Joffe and R. I. M. Dunbar 1997
R. A. Barton and Charles G. Gross 2004
R. D. Martin 1980
W. Scott McGraw and David J. Daegling 2012
Frederick A. King, Cathy J. Yarbrough, Daniel C. Anderson, Thomas P. Gordon and Kenneth G. Gould 1998
Nathaniel J. Dominy 2004
Lisa A. Parr 2011
Frederick S. Szalay 1968
John G. Fleagle 1978
ngela Loeches Alonso, Fernando Carvajal Molina, Juan Manuel Serrano y 2004
Samuel Fernndez Carriba
Daniel Garca-Raso 2012
Fernando Pelez del Hierro 1986
Marc D. Hauser, Pogen MacNeilage and Molly Ware 1996
Kari L. Allen and Richard F. Kay 2012
Katja Liebal and Josep Call 2012
Lynne A. Isbell and Truman P. Young 2002
Eric B. Keverne, Fran L. Martel and Claire M. Nevison 1996
Morgan L. Gustison, Aliza le Roux and Thore J. Bergman 2012
Paul H. Harvey and T. H. Clutton-Brock 1985
TTULO
Grasping Primate Origins
Visual and Socio-Cognitive Information Processing in Primate Brain
Evolution
Binocularity and Brain Evolution in Primates
Adaptation and body size in primates
Primate Feeding and Foraging: Integrating Studies of Behavior and
Morphology
Primates
Fruits, Fingers, and Fermentation: The Sensory Cues Available to
Foraging Primates
The evolution of face processing in primates
The Beginnings of Primates
Size Distributions of Living and Fossil Primate Faunas
Neuropsicologa de la percepcin y la expresin facial de
emociones: Estudios con nios y primates no humanos
Prehistoria y Primatologa: estudio de la conducta
instrumental en primates no humanos
El anlisis etolgico del
comportamiento: un ejemplo
aplicado al estudio de primates
Numerical Representations in Primates
Dietary quality and encephalization in platyrrhine primates
The origins of non-human primates' manual gestures
Ecological Models of Female Social Relationships in Primates:
Similarities, Disparities, and Some Directions for Future Clarity
Primate Brain Evolution: Genetic and Functional Considerations
Derived vocalizations of geladas (Theropithecus gelada) and the
evolution of vocal complexity in primates
Life History Variation in Primates

REVISTA (JOURNAL) VOLUMEN Y SERIE
Science New Series, Vol. 298, No. 5598
Proceedings: Biological Sciences Vol. 264, No. 1386
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 101, No. 27
Zeitschrift fr Morphologie und Anthropologie Bd. 71, H. 2
Annual Review of Anthropology Vol. 41
Science New Series, Vol. 240, No. 4858
Integrative and Comparative Biology Vol. 44, No. 4
Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences Vol. 366, No. 1571, Face perception: social, neuropsychological and comparative perspectives
Evolution Vol. 22, No. 1
Paleobiology Vol. 4, No. 1
vol. 20, n 2
Anales de Psicologa
Complutum Vol. 23 (1)
Estudios de Psicologa n. 26
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Vol. 93, No. 4
Proceedings: Biological Sciences Vol. 279, No. 1729
Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences Vol. 367, No. 1585, From action to language: comparative perspectives on primate tool use, gesture and the evolution of human language
Behaviour Vol. 139, No. 2/3, What Are Friends for? The Adaptive Value of Social Bonds in Primate Groups
Proceedings: Biological Sciences Vol. 263, No. 1371
Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences Vol. 367, No. 1597, The social network and communicative complexity in animals
Evolution Vol. 39, No. 3
PGINAS ABSTRACT
pp. 1606-1610 The evolutionary history that led to Eocene-and-later primates of modern aspect (Euprimates) has been uncertain. We describe a skeleton of Paleocene plesiadapi-form Carpolestes simpsoni that includes most of the skull and many postcranial bones. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Carpolestidae are closely related to Euprimates. C simpsoni had long fingers and an opposable hallux with a nail. It lacked orbital convergence and an ankle specialized for leaping. We infer that the ancestor of Euprimates was primitively an arboreal grasper adapted for terminal branch feeding rather than a specialized leaper or visually directed predator.
pp. 1303-1307 Social group size has been shown to correlate with neocortex size in primates. Here we use comparative analyses to show that social group size is independently correlated with the size of non-V1 neocortical areas, but not with other more proximate components of the visual system or with brain systems associated with emotional cueing (e.g. the amygdala). We argue that visual brain components serve as a social information 'input device' for socio-visual stimuli such as facial expressions, bodily gestures and visual status markers, while the non-visual neocortex serves as a 'processing device' whereby these social cues are encoded, interpreted and associated with stored information. However, the second appears to have greater overall importance because the size of the V1 visual area appears to reach an asymptotic size beyond which visual acuity and pattern recognition may not improve significantly. This is especially true of the great ape clade (including humans), that is known to use more sophisticated social c
pp. 10113-10115 Primates are distinguished by frontally directed, highly convergent orbits, which are associated with stereoscopic vision. Although stereoscopic vision requires specialized neural mechanisms, its implications for brain evolution are unknown. Using phylogenetic comparative analysis, I show that evolutionary increases among primate taxa in the degree of orbital convergence correlate with expansion of visual brain structures and, as a consequence, with the overall size of the brain. This pattern is found across the whole primate order and is also repeated within each of the two major primate subtaxa. The visual expansion associated with increased binocularity is specific to the parvocellular visual pathway, consistent with recent evidence implicating this pathway in fine-grained stereopsis. The results support the hypothesis that brain size evolution in primates was associated with visual specialization.
pp. 115-124 The present paper is concerned with the phenomenon of interspecific allometry in primates and its relationship to the concept of adaptation. A metrical study of the primate skull was performed to investigate the extent to which particular dimensions of the primate skull (e. g. foramen magnum area, second lower molar length) can be used as indicators of body size and to analyse the allometric relationships involved in the evolution of specific features (e. g. cranial capacity, foramen magnum size, tooth dimensions). Fourteen standard dimensions were taken from the skulls of 48 nonhuman primate species. The logarithmic relationship between these dimensions and body weight was analysed. Most consistent indicators of body size in living primates are skull length, zygomatic width, condylar area, and foramen magnum area. Brain size and foramen magnum area have both increased by adaptive shifts in primate evolution. Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt das Problem der interspezifischen Allometrie bei Primaten sowie ihre
pp. 203-210, C1-C3, 211-219 Given that something as fundamental as food acquisition is subject to selection pressure, it follows that morphological and behavioral diversity among primates is reflective of a range of adaptations to diet, feeding, and foraging. The recognition of these adaptations, however, is operationally difficult because it is the interaction between morphological and ecological variables that serves to define the particular adaptation. Researchers have addressed this problem of recognition of adaptation by integrating functional and biomechanical measures of morphological performance with observations of foraging and feeding behavior of primates in natural habitats. These disparate approaches traditionally resided in separate laboratory and field domains, but technological and analytical advances have blurred the distinction between them. The success with which this integration of approaches has elucidated the nature of primate foraging adaptations is reviewed with respect to (a) ingestive strategies, (b) locomotor d
pp. 1475-1482 Nonhuman primates demonstrate marked similarities to humans in almost all aspects of their anatomy, endocrinology, and physiology. These similarities underlie the value of these animals for appropriate studies in neurobiology, immunology, pathology, reproductive biology, teratology, neonatology, endocrinology, cardiology, and psychology. Investigations with nonhuman primates has made, and continues to make, significant contributions to biomedical and behavioral research. This review provides an overview of basic and applied studies for which primates are appropriate subjects and a summary of the advantages and problems of using nonhuman primates in research.
pp. 295-303 Survival and reproductive success hinge on the perception of environmental stimuli. In this regard, foraging efficiency depends on discerning predictive signals in food. A widespread occurrence of ethanol in fruits indicates a sustained historical exposure of frugivores to this compound. Accordingly, Dudley (2000, Quart. Rev. Biol. 75:3-15) proposed that ethanol could represent a prominent sensory cue to primates because of direct and indirectly associated caloric and physiological rewards. However, little is known regarding the extent to which ethanol correlates with such parameters. This information is essential to estimating the importance of detecting and detoxifying ethanol in fruits. Here I present a preliminary analysis of fruits from Southeast Asia; low levels of ethanol were present in fruits of all developmental stages (range: 0.005-0.48%). Moreover, ethanol correlated positively with concentrations of soluble sugars, suggesting that it could be a valuable foraging cue. Recent findings on the sensit
pp. 1764-1777 The ability to recognize faces is an important socio-cognitive skill that is associated with a number of cognitive specializations in humans. While numerous studies have examined the presence of these specializations in non-human primates, species where face recognition would confer distinct advantages in social situations, results have been mixed. The majority of studies in chimpanzees support homologous face-processing mechanisms with humans, but results from monkey studies appear largely dependent on the type of testing methods used. Studies that employ passive viewing paradigms, like the visual paired comparison task, report evidence of similarities between monkeys and humans, but tasks that use more stringent, operant response tasks, like the matching-to-sample task, often report species differences. Moreover, the data suggest that monkeys may be less sensitive than chimpanzees and humans to the precise spacing of facial features, in addition to the surface-based cues reflected in those features, informa
pp. 19-36 The insectivore-primate transition was probably initiated at the end of the Cretaceous or earlier by behavioral and physiological adaptations. As behavioral modifications (particularly preference for fruits, leaves, etc., as opposed to a predominantly insectivorous diet) affected the feeding habits and behavior, selection gradually operated to alter the morphology and function of the feeding mechanism. The primitive eutherian tooth shear was gradually deemphasized by reducing the long paracrista and metacrista, straightening out the centrocrista, and acquiring more bulbous and less acute cusps and conules. As prevallid-postvallum and postvallid-prevallum shear lost relative importance the trigonid became less transverse and less tall, and the talonid gained functional importance. The teeth, along with other parts of the feeding mechanism, became more suitable for mastication and other aspects of oral digestion of a predominantly frugivorous-herbaceous diet. The Apatemyidae and the Tupaiidae are considered to
pp. 67-76 Size distributions, based on molar length, are presented for various groups of living and fossil primates. I examine (1) the extent to which particular taxonomic groups with distinctive morphological and behavioral attributes are characterized by distinctive size ranges or distributions and (2) the way in which size ranges and distributions are affected by the presence or absence of other primates within the same geographical area and time. Distinctive behavioral and ecological "adaptive zones" are characterized by distinctive size ranges and behavioral and morphological parallelism or convergence among living and fossil primate taxa usually results in similar size distributions.
241-259
This study reviews different
researches on the
neuropsychology
pp. 9-26 El conocimiento prehistrico se nutre de muchas ciencias y disciplinas auxiliares (Geologa, Arqueologa, Antropologa,
Etnoarqueologa, etc.) para conformarse paradigmticamente. Sin embargo, en el mbito acadmico espaol (y
en gran medida tambin en el europeo) existen algunas fuentes de informacin interpretativa que no han logrado la
misma atencin. Tal es el caso de la Primatologa, que si bien es una herramienta muy utilizada entre los investigadores
anglfonos, apenas ha sido manejada por los prehistoriadores espaoles. En este artculo intentaremos llenar ese vaco
presentando una sntesis terica y bibliogrfica sobre uno de los aspectos conductuales de los primates no humanos
que guarda una relacin ms estrecha con la Prehistoria: el uso y fabricacin de herramientas, o lo que es lo mismo, la
conducta instrumental. Veremos tambin, finalmente, cmo y de qu manera la relacin entre Prehistoria y Primatologa
puede dar sus mejores resultados mediante el uso de la analoga.
93 - 105
Desde una perspectiva etolgica, el estudio del comportamiento requiere una base descriptiva. La descripcin
no es en s misma un fin, pero s una herramienta necesaria para llegar a conocer el significado y/o funcin
de la conducta. Partiendo de la descripcin hecha en artculos anteriores, hemos utilizado los movimientos de
saludo como un ejemplo de lo que la perspectiva etolgica puede aportar al conocimiento de algunos aspectos
relevantes de la conducta social en primates.
pp. 1514-1517 Research has demonstrated that human infants and nonhuman primates have a rudimentary numerical system that enables them to count objects or events. More recently, however, studies using a preferential looking paradigm have suggested that preverbal human infants are capable of simple arithmetical operations, such as adding and subtracting a small number of visually presented objects. These findings implicate a relatively sophisticated representational system in the absence of language. To explore the evolutionary origins of this capacity, we present data from an experiment with wild rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that methodologically mirrors those conducted on human infants. Results suggest that rhesus monkeys detect additive and subtractive changes in the number of objects present in their visual field. Given the methodological and empirical similarities, it appears that nonhuman primates such as rhesus monkeys may also have access to arithmetical representations, although alternative explanations must be
pp. 715-721 The high energetic costs of building and maintaining large brains are thought to constrain encephalization. The 'expensive-tissue hypothesis' (ETH) proposes that primates (especially humans) overcame this constraint through reduction of another metabolically expensive tissue, the gastrointestinal tract. Small guts characterize animals specializing on easily digestible diets. Thus, the hypothesis may be tested via the relationship between brain size and diet quality. Platyrrhine primates present an interesting test case, as they are more variably encephalized than other extant primate clades (excluding Hominoidea). We find a high degree of phylogenetic signal in the data for diet quality, endocranial volume and body size. Controlling for phylogenetic effects, we find no significant correlation between relative diet quality and relative endocranial volume. Thus, diet quality fails to account for differences in platyrrhine encephalization. One taxon, in particular, Brachyteles, violates predictions made by ETH i
pp. 118-128 The increasing body of research into human and non-human primates' gestural communication reflects the interest in a comparative approach to human communication, particularly possible scenarios of language evolution. One of the central challenges of this field of research is to identify appropriate criteria to differentiate a gesture from other non-communicative actions. After an introduction to the criteria currently used to define non-human primates' gestures and an overview of ongoing research, we discuss different pathways of how manual actions are transformed into manual gestures in both phylogeny and ontogeny. Currently, the relationship between actions and gestures is not only investigated on a behavioural, but also on a neural level. Here, we focus on recent evidence concerning the differential laterality of manual actions and gestures in apes in the framework of a functional asymmetry of the brain for both hand use and language.
pp. 177-202 Several models have been proposed to explain the variation that exists in female social relationships among diurnal primate species. While there are similarities among them, notably in the ecological cause of agonistic relationships among females within groups, their differences are most useful in testing which of the models most accurately reflects the real world. These include the question of whether competition is an inevitable cost of living in groups and whether female philopatry is a consequence of the costs of dispersal or the benefits of forming coalitions with female kin. We discuss in detail these similarities and differences, and attempt to integrate the models' divergent views into some guidelines for use in testing between models that will lead to the next generation of models.
pp. 689-696 Functionally distinct regions of the brain to which maternal and paternal genomes contribute differentially (through genomic imprinting) have developed differentially over phylogenetic time. While certain regions of the primate forebrain (neocortex, striatum) have expanded relative to the rest of the brain, other forebrain regions have contracted in size (hypothalamus, septum). Areas of relative expansion are those to which the maternal genome makes a substantial developmental contribution. This may be significant with respect to the importance of primate forebrain expansion in the development of complex behavioural strategies and the way in which these are deployed, especially by the matriline. In many primate societies the maintenance of social cohesion and group continuity over successive generations is dependent on the matriline, with high ranking females producing high ranking daughters that stay within the group. Regions of relative contraction are those to which the paternal genome makes a differential
pp. 1847-1859 Primates are intensely social and exhibit extreme variation in social structure, making them particularly well suited for uncovering evolutionary connections between sociality and vocal complexity. Although comparative studies find a correlation between social and vocal complexity, the function of large vocal repertoires in more complex societies remains unclear. We compared the vocal complexity found in primates to both mammals in general and human language in particular and found that non-human primates are not unusual in the complexity of their vocal repertoires. To better understand the function of vocal complexity within primates, we compared two closely related primates (chacma baboons and geladas) that differ in their ecology and social structures. A key difference is that gelada males form long-term bonds with the 212 females in their harem-like reproductive unit, while chacma males primarily form temporary consortships with females. We identified homologous and non-homologous calls and related the u
pp. 559-581 Extensive variation in life-history patterns is documented across primate species. Variables included are gestation length, neonatal weight, litter size, age at weaning, age at sexual maturity, age at first breeding, longevity, and length of the estrous cycle. Species within genera and genera within subfamilies tend to be very similar on most measures, and about 85% of the variation remains when the subfamily is used as the level for statistical analysis. Variation in most life-history measures is highly correlated with variation in body size, and differences in body size are associated with differences in behavior and ecology. Allometric relationships between life-history variables and adult body weight are described; subfamily deviations from best-fit lines do not reveal strong correlations with behavior or ecology. However, for their body size, some subfamilies show consistently fast development across life-history stages while others are characteristically slow. One exception to the tendency for relative