A Cloud Computing Infrastructure
AUTHORS:
P.A.ABHISHEK
IT III YEAR
V.N.R Vignana Jyothi
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
abhishekpadm@yahoo.com
Ph:919949739355
Abstract
This paper gives an overview of how
the Cloud Computing is used in the current
I.T Industry where there have been lots of
necessity for cheaper and the most time
efficient hardware and software .I.T
industry depends on time because every
project or any task that has to be taken up
is time constraint and also needs less
requirement of resources, the role of
Cloud Computing is very much evident in
such cases . The Cloud Computing is a kind
of Software as a Service kind of Concept
which makes work very much easier
eleminating the bottlenecks faced by the
System and Network Administrators.There
have been similar ideas that have been into
implementation such as Grid Computing
but needs huge Investement for its
implementation. These are the days where
organizations are moving more greener by
using Data Centers that occupy less space
rather than Servers that need much
maintenance .As Cloud Computing is one
idea that uses less space as it is all over
network and is implemented Virtually using
the protocols. The basic idea of Cloud
Computing also has the advantage of
removing redundant data over the network
because all users use a common data
1
G.NARAHARI KRISHNA
IT III YEAR
V.N.R Vignana Jyothi
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
Ph:9491365521
provided to them. As Its requirements can
also met easily by an organization and
doesn't really need many sophisticated and
high end technology it seems to become a
most efficient and best solution for a well
established organization. Thus the
integration of Cloud Computing, along with
necessary software systems can be
effectively used to provide much more
efficient as well as huge income to the
Indian Railways.
1. Introduction
Indian Railways is having the world’s
largest railway network. The Indian
Railways contribute largely in the public
transport as it becomes a primary mode of
transport. The leading nations have the
separate rail lines for the goods and for the
passenger trains. These are things that are
not practiced in India. There are a large
number of the accidents that are happening
in which many lives are lost and also in
these accidents
there is a huge loss of the railway and the
national property. Most of the accidents
occur due to negligence, technical faults
non-reliable data and late
understanding and slow or no response
towards the danger signs considered small.
Thus there is need to develop the sensitive
Guard Rooms, Cabins, Stations, Control
Rooms and many other units. There is also
need to deploy the auto-alert and auto-
control systems
2. Principle and Working
As we know that most of the accidents occur
due to the collisions, negligence of the
signals i.e. the human error, track related
problems and some as the technical errors.
And yet there is no measures as such taken
for the cause. The main principle that is
used for the safety of the Indian Railways is
that whenever a train will move over the
track there will be vibrations that will be
created on the track. that are produced on
the track are dependent on the speed of the
train, load or the weight of the train. These
vibrations travel long distances because of
one the metal tracks and the other reason is
the connection of these tracks by means of
the fish plates .
There will be microphones on the
tracks such that they will constantly note the
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vibrations that are coming from the train.
The vibrations that will be coming from the
train will depend on the above mentioned
factors as well as the distance of the sensor
from the moving train. There will be a
database for the vibrations prepared on the
basis of the ideal conditions noted by the
case study of different trains and with
distance of the train from the sensors. There
will be a software that will convert these
vibrations in such a form that they can be
compared with the already existing data of
the database.many times faster than today's
most powerful computers will be used here
to get the details of the train such as the
speed and exact position of the train. Thus
the GPS will work as the anti-collision
device as well. The GPS will provide the
means of the communication and input of
the data from the train to all the centers and
the other trains. If there will be any problem
on the track, bridge etc. such as the removal
of the fish plates the vibrations produced
from the train will change (they will either
get damped or will get excited which is a
noticeable change from the ideal case) the
same can be concluded or developed for the
bridges also. This change can be noted by
the means of the comparison of the data
obtained from train and the data from the
database. There will be use of the fibre optic
network from the sensors so the data can be
transferred immediately. All these things
will work in tandem and if there will be any
error then the vibrations will differ thus
through the satellite communication we can
tell the Engine Driver in advance and a
preventive measure can be taken well ahead
of the time. The whole system depends on
the proper functioning of the 3 components
and the proposed method will even work if
there will be failure of one or two
components thus we can say that the
proposed method can contribute in large
towards the railway safety by means of the
network of the following components
.
3. G.P.S (Global position System) orbit. Now a days the GPS is used to assist
the sailors in the open sea.
This is most important of the component for
the safety of the system which is mentioned.
3.2. Functions:
3.1. Principle of Working:
Navigation in the three dimensions is the
Definition: the GPS is a world wide network
primary objective of the GPS. The GPS will
radionavigation system formed from a
have a very important role in the mission of
constellation of minimum of the 24 satellites
the Railway Safety. The main function of
and their ground stations. GPS uses the
the GPS is to get the interconnectivity of the
artificial satellites to compute the position of
various points that will be mentioned in the
the receiver in terms of the four coordinates
later sections and to note the position and
that is X, Y, Z and time. Now a day the
speed of the train and respond to the signals
accuracy of the GPS systems is increased up
that are picked up by the sensors and send
to nearly the range of the 1cm to even 1mm
the signals to the Train Drivers and the
for the high cost differential carrier phase
Guards of the Train Ground Stations
survey satellites. The GPS technology
containing the network of the Cabins,
makes the use of the triangulation method
Station Masters, Control Rooms and all the
for the determination of the four
related points on the ground. Thus giving all
coordinates. The GPS contains a
the details of the train in a very much
combination of at least 24 satellites that are
understandable and visual form. The signals
moving in six of the orbital planes which are
that are picked up by the satellites will be
60 degrees equally spaced. Apart from each
then processed and checked for any kind of
other and each having a 4 number of the
the faulty situations by simply comparing
satellite in them. These are inclined at 55
the signals using the Software and the
degrees to the equatorial plane. This
DBMS mentioned later in the paper. This
arrangement makes it possible that the
will help the Drivers, Station Masters, Cabin
receiver is always in range at least 5
men and many other to operate the traffic of
satellites. There are many ground stations
the trains with ease and this will also help in
that are keeping a close watch on these
the communication of all the units
satellites. These ground stations also
(stationary and moving).
maintain the clock of the satellite and on the
earth and if necessary they can make 4. Microphone Sensors
suitable changes while the satellite is in the
This will be the most critical selection of the
unit of the network. When a train moves
there are huge amount of the vibrations or
the noises are created that are possible to get
recognized from a large distances (every one
knows the childhood game to know whether
a train is coming the children place their
ears on the tracks). Thus with the advanced
form of the microphones we can note down
these vibrations on the track.

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3.1. Functions:

The microphones will have the purpose to

note down the vibration coming from the
track by the motion of the train. These
details will be then compared with the
vibrations from the database in accordance
to the distance of the train from the sensors.
The proposed sensor is the carbon
microphones that are generally used in the
telephones.

5. Fibre Optic Wires

These are the latest advances made for the
transfer of the data and the signals with the
speed that is nearly equal to the speed of the
light. These are required to transfer the data
that is collected from the sensors to Safety
Of Indian Railways With The Networking
Of G.P.S., Sensors And Software Systems
With The D.B.M.S. there respective places
in the network that is needed to be
developed by the railways.
5.1. Functions:
The main function of the fibre optic network
is to transfer the data or the signals that are
collected from the sensors quickly to the
software analysis at the respective places in
the Network
. communication satellite antennae, satellite
6. Software and DBMS
Software is the programs that can perform
some tasks that are assigned to them. The
DBMS is the Data Base Management
System which can store a huge amount of
the data in them. Software and the DBMS
will together work for the safety of the
railways.
and convert it into some graphical or some
other form that can be used to store the
details of the train in the DBMS. The
DBMS
will contain many details of the vibrations
or the signals that are observed under good
conditions from the various analyses done
on the trains according to there weight and
distance from the sensors. The main
function of the software is to compare the
vibrations that are produced by the train
with the data that is stored in the DBMS
7. On-board Unit with GPS and
Wireless Communications:
The on-board unit consists of
positioning antennae, the on-board receiver
system and communication interface
devices, etc (shown in Figure 3). The on-
board unit can continuously measure
different parameters, tag the data with time
and position information, reports irregular
conditions.

6.1. Functions:

The main purpose of the software is to

convert the vibration noted by the sensors

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8. For Cabins, Station, Guard
Rooms, Control Rooms & Other
Important Establishments
These mentioned establishments need a
tremendous development in there current
status for the safety of the Railways. These
requirements are as follows:
1. Need of the towers for the transfer of the
details and the communication between
other establishments, trains and the
satellites.
2. A visual display system to show the
actual position of the trains along with other
details like visual and audio warning
systems.
3. Receivers and the transmitters tuned to
proper frequencies and in accordance to the
network. The train driver’s cabin must be
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such that the driver will come to know about
the track, weather, bridges and
constructional status in advance. Thus there
is need of a high tech visual display screen
to tell the details required by the driver for
the smooth operation of the train, Good
communication system. This can be
achieved by the use of the satellites of the
GPS for the communication.
9. Transmitter & Receiver
From the standard data available the
frequency should be as follows:
Main allocations 5.925 to 6.425 GHz (for
uplink) & 3.700 to 4.200 GHz (for
downlink) which may change as per the
advancements that are made and the system
requirements. The Range of the Train’s
device will be 25-75 Km (as per the
requirements and the system integration).
10. System Integration
After the components will be fabricated then
these will be integrated to perform the
required and proposed functions. This will
help the Indian Railways for a very
longtime. The integration of the project
proposed will such that each time the Train,
Guard Room, Control Room, Stations and
the satellites all will be simultaneously work
for the safety of the railways. The figure
shows the integration of the system in
diagram
11. Expected Benefits To The
Indian Railways:
1. Railway Safety
2. Automation in the Work.
3. Reduction in the Stress Levels because of
the good equipments and machinery.
4. Time Delays: As every time the position
of the train will be known thus there will not
be any time delays.
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5. Train Traffic Control: due to continuous
monitoring of the trains there will be a good
train traffic control.
6. Futuristic method: with this method it is
possible to make fully automatic train
network which may even not have the driver
in it.
12. Implementation Problems
There are very few of the problems
associated with the project which are:
The implementation time is large because of
the training and system integration. The cost
may seem high to some non technocrats.
There by reducing the principle costs by an
extent and quick implementation of the
technology.
13. Conclusion
The benefits and advantages of the proposed
method outnumber the problems and
disadvantages. Also this method is having
good expected results. Thus the proposal
should be considered for the most important
transport system in India and for the safety
the costliest ‘human life’ and the national
property. The project can also work for a
very large time period. Thus the integration
of GPS, sensors along with software systems
can be effectively used to provide safety as
well as huge income to the Indian Railways.
14. Bibilography
1. Satellite Communication by “Charles W.
Bostian & Timothy Pratt”
2. Electronic Communication Systems by
“George Kennedy & Bernard Davis”
3. www.trimble.com
4. www.discoveryindia.com
5. www.irsuggestions.org