6.

Basement Geology
by : Awang Harun Satyana
Petroleum Geology of Java Area :
Re-Visit Prolific Areas and Disclose Under-Explored Areas
Bandung, 15 17 June 2009
Hamilton (1979)
Crustal Composition
Manur and Barraclough (1994)
West Java Crustal Cross-section
Koesoemadinata (2006)
East Java Crustal Cross-section
Koesoemadinata (2006)
Java Plate and Crustal Composition
Koesoemadinata (2006)
Java Basement : Recent Trends
Recent studies on sedimentary provenances of
southern J ava indicated the contribution from
Proterozoic continental fragments.
Regional gravity traverses and modelings across
J ava show presences of continental basement.
Recent tectonic reconstruction involves
continent collision in J ava before subduction.
Smyth et al. (2007)
East J ava and Western Australia
East J ava and Western Australia
Age (Ma)
400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y

Neoproterozoic Mesoproterozoic Paleoproterozoic Archean
East J ava
Perth Basin, Western Australia
Smyth et al. (2005)
Phanerozoic Fold Belts
Archean Block
Proterozoic Basins & Blocks
Potential Australian Sources
Potential Australian Sources
Pinjara Orogen
Yilgarn Craton
Capricorn
Orogen
Albany-Frazer
Orogen
(Pell et al. 1997; Brugier et al. 1999)
R
e
l
a
v
t
i
v
e
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
N
u
m
b
e
r
s

o
f

g
r
a
i
n
s
Age (Ma)
CAPRICORN
OROGEN
YILGARN
CRATON
Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP
ages from Sircombe
and Freeman, 1999;
and Bruguier et al.,
1999.
Phanerozoic Neoproterozoic Mesoproterozoic Paleoproterozoic Archean
PINJ ARA
OROGEN
ALBANY
FRAZER
OROGEN
What lies beneath East J ava?
continental fragment
beneath the arc
subducted continental fragment
subducted sediments
Hall (2007)
Archean Continental Crust
Probably ophiolitic and
arc type, not thinned
Continental?
Cretaceous
accreted
ophiolitic and
arc rocks
Archean Continental Crust
Progo-Muria Lineament
Smyth et al. (2007)
Hamilton (1979)
Architecture :
constructions, geometry, thickness, depth, extent
Costraints - provide some degree of controls to the analysis
primitive crusts (geometry & density)
Bathymetry & topography
sedimentary thickness from seismic profiles and boreholes
Analysis : 2-D forward modeling fitting models to observed
data
CRUSTAL ARCHITECTURE JAVA ISLAND, INDONESIA
an approach via constrained gravity modelling
T1 T1
T2 T2
T3 T3
T4 T4
T5 T5
T6 T6
T7 T7
TRANSECTS OF GRAVITY ANALYSIS TRANSECTS OF GRAVITY ANALYSIS
T1. T1. Bayah Bayah Dome ( Dome (Ciletuh Ciletuh) )
T2. T2. Bandung Bandung Basin Basin
T3. Caldera T3. Caldera Priangan Priangan
T4. T4. Karangsambung Karangsambung
T5. T5. Lawu Lawu Muria Muria
T6. T6. Kendeng Kendeng Zone Zone
T7. T7. Madura Madura
Sardjono (2006)
-400 -300 -200 -100 100 200 300 400
Distance (Km)
0
G
r
a
v
i
t
y

(
m
G
a
l
s
)
FUNDAMENTAL CONSTRAINT FUNDAMENTAL CONSTRAINT
PRIMITIVE / STANDARD CRUSTS PRIMITIVE / STANDARD CRUSTS
(REFERENCE CRUSTAL MODELS) (REFERENCE CRUSTAL MODELS)
( Reference density = 2.67 g/cc ) ( Reference density = 2.67 g/cc )
3
D
e
p
t
h

(
K
m
)
0
zero level Bouguer gravity
continental shield transition zone open marine environment
zero level Bouguer gravity zero level free-air gravity
0
10
20
30
40
50
-50
100
-100
Granitic rocks
2.67 g/cc
Andesitic rocks
2.72 g/cc
upper mantle material
3.07 g/cc
3
upper mantle
material
3.07 g/cc
3
upper mantle material
3.07 g/cc
3
seawater = 1.03 g/cc
Basalt layer 2.77 g/cc
standard thickness
continental crust
Sardjono (2006)
T1 T1 Ciletuh Ciletuh- -Bayah Bayah Dome Dome
T2 T2 Bandung Bandung Basin Basin
T3 Caldera T3 Caldera Priangan Priangan
T5 T5 Lawu Lawu- -Muria Muria
T4 T4 Karangsambung Karangsambung
T6 T6 Kendeng Kendeng Zone Zone
T7 T7 Madura Madura Strait Strait
T1 T1
T2 T2
T3 T3
T4 T4
T5 T5
T6 T6
T7 T7
approx
100km
Sardjono (2006)
5km
40 km
30
20
10
0
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400 mGal
digitized
computed
Indian Ocean
1.03 g/cc
Java Sea 1.03 g/cc
Sundaland
2.67 g/cc
standard thickness
of continental crust
50km
upper mantle
3.07 g/cc
5
k
m
50km
5
k
m
Constrained gravity modelling
Crustal Architecture, Transect Ciletuh-Bayah Dome
T1
SW NE
T1 T1
T2 T2
T3 T3
T4 T4
T5 T5
T6 T6
T7 T7
Sardjono (2006)
5km
Indian Ocean
1.03 g/cc
Indian Ocean Crust
2.77 g/cc
Sundaland
2.67 g/cc
upper mantle
3.07 g/cc
Java Sea 1.03 g/cc
digitized
computed
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 km
Neogene
sediments
2.37 g/cc
standard thickness
continental crust
40 km
30
20
10
0
-200
-100
0
100
200
300 mGal
50km
5
k
m
Constrained gravity modelling
Crustal Architecture, Transect Ciletuh-Bayah Dome
T1
SW NE
T1 T1
T2 T2
T3 T3
T4 T4
T5 T5
T6 T6
T7 T7
Sardjono (2006)
5km
50km
5
k
m
Indian Ocean
1.03 g/cc
Indian Ocean Crust
2.77 g/cc
Sundaland
2.67 g/cc
Fragmented
Sundaland
2.67 g/cc
Neogene
sediments
2.37 g/cc
Transitional
Crust
2.72 g/cc
(andesitic)
upper mantle
3.07 g/cc
Java Sea 1.03 g/cc
digitized
computed
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 km
standard thickness
continental crust
40 km
30
20
10
0
-200
-100
0
100
200
300 mGal
50km
5
k
m
Constrained gravity modelling
Crustal Architecture, Transect Ciletuh-Bayah Dome
T1
SW NE
T1 T1
T2 T2
T3 T3
T4 T4
T5 T5
T6 T6
T7 T7
Sardjono (2006)
5km
Indian Ocean
1.03 g/cc
Indian Ocean Crust
2.77 g/cc
Sundaland
2.67 g/cc
Neogene
sediments
2.37 g/cc
upper mantle
3.07 g/cc
Java Sea 1.03 g/cc
digitized
computed
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 km
standard thickness
continental crust
40 km
30
20
10
0
-200
-100
0
100
200
300 mGal
50km
5
k
m
Constrained gravity modelling
Crustal Architecture, Transect Ciletuh-Bayah Dome
T1
SW NE
T1 T1
T2 T2
T3 T3
T4 T4
T5 T5
T6 T6
T7 T7
Sardjono (2006)
Indian Ocean
1.03 g/cc
upper mantle
3.07 g/cc
upper mantle
3.07 g/cc
Java Sea 1.03 g/cc
Sundaland
2.67 g/cc
2.67 g/cc
Indian Ocean Crust
2.77 g/cc
Neogene
sediments
2.37 g/cc
Neogene sediments
2.37 g/cc
Indian Ocean
1.03 g/cc
40 km
30
20
10
0
-200
-100
0
100
200
300 mGal
digitized
computed
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 km
standard thickness
continental crust
5km
50km
5
k
m
Constrained gravity modelling
Crustal Architecture, Transect Ciletuh-Bayah Dome
T1
SW NE
T1 T1
T2 T2
T3 T3
T4 T4
T5 T5
T6 T6
T7 T7
Sardjono (2006)
Crustal Architecture, Transect Karangsambung
5km
Indian Ocean 1.03 g/cc
Indian Ocean Crust
2.77 g/cc
Sundaland
2.67 g/cc
upper mantle
3.07 g/cc
Java Sea 1.03 g/cc
Neogene sediments
2.37 g/cc
40 km
30
20
10
0
-200
-100
0
100
200
300 mGal
digitized
computed
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 km
50km
5
k
m
standard thickness
of continental crust
T4
SW NE
T1 T1
T2 T2
T3 T3
T4 T4
T5 T5
T6 T6
T7 T7
Sardjono (2006)
5km
Crustal Architecture, Transect Madura Strait
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 km
40 km
30
20
10
0
-200
-100
0
100
200
300 mGal
digitized
computed
Indian Ocean Crust
2.77 g/cc
Sundaland
2.67 g/cc
upper mantle
3.07 g/cc
Neogene sediments
2.37 g/cc
Java Sea 1.03 g/cc
Madura
Strait
1.03 g/cc
Indian Ocean 1.03 g/cc
50km
5
k
m
standard thickness
of continental crust
T7
SW NE
T1 T1
T2 T2
T3 T3
T4 T4
T5 T5
T6 T6
T7 T7
Sardjono (2006)
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Java is constructed primarily of continental crust which is Java is constructed primarily of continental crust which is
believed to be the southern part of the believed to be the southern part of the Sundaland Sundaland (?) (?)
The continental crust experienced thinning, attenuation The continental crust experienced thinning, attenuation
and fragmentation due to the tectonics which in turn, and fragmentation due to the tectonics which in turn,
promote formation of sedimentary basins and volcanisms promote formation of sedimentary basins and volcanisms
High gravity with long wavelengths along the southern High gravity with long wavelengths along the southern
part of Java should be attributed to the elevated part of Java should be attributed to the elevated Moho Moho
The shorter wavelengths with a high level of gravity The shorter wavelengths with a high level of gravity
anomaly, especially in the southwest, represents high anomaly, especially in the southwest, represents high
level or exposure of level or exposure of ultrabasic ultrabasic slices slices slab break slab break (?) (?)
Sardjono (2006)
CRUSTAL ARCHITECTURE JAVA ISLAND, INDONESIA
an approach via constrained gravity modelling
Seubert and Sulistianingsih (2008)
Regional Gravity Traverses and Crustal Modelling
Seubert and Sulistianingsih (2008)
Possibility of Presence of Continental Fragments at Southern Java
Indian Ocean
1.03 g/cc
upper mantle
3.07 g/cc
upper mantle
3.07 g/cc
Java Sea 1.03 g/cc
Sundaland
2.67 g/cc
2.67 g/cc
Indian Ocean Crust
2.77 g/cc
Neogene
sediments
2.37 g/cc
Neogene sediments
2.37 g/cc
Indian Ocean
1.03 g/cc
40 km
30
20
10
0
-200
-100
0
100
200
300 mGal
digitized
computed
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 km
standard thickness
continental crust
50km
5
k
m
SW NE
Sardjono (2006)
Seubert and Sulistianingsih (2008)
Similar Gravity Data but Different Modelling
Granath et al. (2009)
Crustal
Architecture of
the Eastern Java
Granath et al. (2009)
Crustal
Architecture of
the Eastern J ava
Based on Long-
Offset 2D
Seismic Imaging
Tectonic Evolution of Western Indonesia
rafted microcontinent from Gondwana (?)
collisional boundary at southeastern margin
Budiyani et al. (2003)
Tectonic Evolution of Western Indonesia Tectonic Evolution of Western Indonesia Tectonic Evolution of Western Indonesia
Budiyani et al. (2003)
Tectonic Evolution of Western Indonesia
SERIBU PLATFORM
KARIMUNJAWA ARC
BOGOR TROUGH
KENDENG TROUGH
Basement Depth Structure Map
Sapiie et al. (2003)
Java Basement : Preliminary Conclusions
Two schools of thought : transitional (intermediate) (Manur and
Barraclough, 1994; Koesoemadinata, 2006) vs. continental (Budiyani et al.,
2003; Smyth et al., 2005, 2007; Seubert and Sulistianingsih, 2008)
Composition of Quaternary volcanic arc (andesitic) indicate intermediate
composition, not continental composition
No strong support for continental basement, no continental exposure
Gravity modelings are various for same data and traverse
There is indication for presence of continental fragments at southern J ava,
but not as extent as recent publications (Budiyani et al., 2003; Smyth et al.,
2005, 2007; Seubert and Sulistianingsih, 2008)
Expected continental slivers (small fragment) at southern J ava : J ampang,
Nanggulan, Bayat, south Cilacap