Digital Cable Television Broadcasting

Jan.29th 2010 Jan.29th 2010

Japan Cable Television Engineering Association
(JCTEA) (JCTEA)
1
Standardization Organization For
Telecommunication & Broadcasting
JCL
Dpa
JCL
Operation technical
specification for CATV
Dpa
Operation technical
specification for radio
broadcasting
JCTEA
Technical standards for CATV
ARIB
Technical standards for radio
communication & broadcasting
Standardization for
Telecommunication &
Broadcasting
ITU-R ITU-T
Broadcasting
TTC
Technical standard for
JCTEA Japan Cable Tele ision
Technical standard for
telecommunication network
JCTEA: Japan Cable Television
Engineering Association
ARIB Association of Radio Industries of
Businesses
TTC The Telecommunication
Technology Committee
JCL Japan Cable Laboratory
Dpa The Association of Promotion for
Di it l B d ti
Technology Committee
Standardization Organization)
Digital Broadcasting
2
JCTEA Standards About Network, Equipment, STB & , q p , &
Measuring Method For Digital, FTTH & Internet
STD-001 Conditional Access for Digital Cable Television*
J diti l
STD 001 Conditional Access for Digital Cable Television
STD-002 Multiplex System for Digital Cable Television*
STD-003 Service Information for Digital Cable Television*
STD-005 Data Transmission Equipment for Cable Television Network
STD-006 Symbolmark for Cable Television System
Japanese edition only now
*Regarding STDs for Digital Cable Television
STD-006 Symbolmark for Cable Television System
STD-007 Receiver for Digital Cable Television *
STD-008 BS Digital Broadcasting Pass-through System for Cable Television
STD-009 Method of Measurement for Cable Modem System
STD 010 OFDM Method of Measurement for OFDM Signal Transmission system* STD-010-OFDM Method of Measurement for OFDM Signal Transmission system*
STD-010-PSK Method of Measurement for PSK Signal Transmission system*
STD-010-QAM Method of Measurement for QAM Signal Transmission system*
STD-011 Pass-through Method for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting signal over Cable Television
S * System*
STD-012 Head-amplifier for Retransmitting Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting over Cable Television System
STD-013 Transmission System for MDU
STD-014 Optical Network and using Equipments for FTTH Cable Television System
STD-015 Method of Measurement for FTTH Cable Television System
STD-016 Method of Interference Measurement for Cable Television Signal Transmission System
STD-017 Examination Facilities equaled with Actual Cable Television Network for Cable
Television Signal Transmission System g y
STD-018 Optical Network Specification for FTTH Cable Television System
STD-019 Gap-Filler System and its Equipments for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting
STD-020 Method Of Measurement for Gap-filler System and its Equipments 3
Transmission Signals Of FTTH or HFC Transmission Signals Of FTTH or HFC
Television Signal Modulation Freq. Band g
Standard Television Broadcasting
Analog Television
NTSC-VSB-
AM
H
90770MHz
H
F
C
F
Std. Digital Television Broadcasting
Digital Terrestrial Television
ISBD-T
OFDM
64QAM
F
T
T
H
Digital Cable Television Broadcasting
64QAM
256QAM
Std. Satellite Broadcasting
A l BS T l i i
FM BS-IF
H
Analog BS Television
(1032-1489MHz)

Std. Digital Satellite Broadcasting

Digital BS Television
TC8PSK
Digital Communication Satellite
Broadcasting (Digital CS Television)
QPSK
CS-IF
(1595-2072MHz)
4
Retransmission method over Cable-television system y
for Terrestrial Broadcasting
1. Pass-through method
Received ISDB-T(OFDM) signals are transmitted through cable without any
adjustment(same frequency).
Received ISDB-T(OFDM) signals are transmitted after filtering out individually and adjusting ( ) g g y j g
each level.
Received ISDB-T(OFDM) signals are transmitted after filtering out, converting frequency
and adjusting level, changing channel frequency. (Frequency converted pass-through)
Digital TV sets on the market are available, its most convenient.
2. Trans-modulation method
TS ( t t i l b d ti ) i t f d QAM i l bl t l i i TS (on terrestrial broadcasting) is transferred on QAM signals over cable-television
system without changing of contents, functions, etc.
Only cable television STB is available.
3. Dig-Ana transfer method
Digital audio/video signal is transferred into traditional analog signal(NTSC-VSB-AM)
for conventional analog TV sets.
HD video data service EPG etc are not available HD video, data service, EPG etc. are not available.
5
Retransmission method over Cable-television system
for Terrestrial Broadcasting
Di it l TV i
Terrestrial TV tower
Digital TV receiver
available at stores
i
t
t
e
r Pass-through system
Digital TV tuner
Conventional
Signal processor
Signal processor
(Same frequency)
Signal processor
(Same frequency)
Signal processor
(Same frequency)
M
I
X
T
V

n
e
t
w
o
r
k
S
p
l
i
Pass-through receiving
(OFDM)
OFDM
Conventional
analog TV receiver
TV antenna
Signal processor
(Frequency converting)
e
r
e
x
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r
S
p
l
i
t
t
e
r
C
a
b
l
e

T
Digital TV receiver TS
TV antenna
QAM modulator
QAM modulator
QAM modulator
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
x
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r
M
u
l
t
i
p
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x
e
M
u
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t
i
p
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e
OFDM tuner
OFDM tuner
OFDM tuner
M
I
X
S
p
l
i
t
t
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r
QAM receiving and
Pass-through receiving(OFDM)
Cable TV STB
Trans-modulation system
Conventional
analog TV receiver
Cable TV headend
Digital TV receiver equips terrestrial OFDM tuner, BS tuner, CS tuner
STB equips terrestrial OFDM tuner, QAM tuner, and/or Hard disk memory
6
Pass through Retransmission Method(JCTEA STD 011) Pass-through Retransmission Method(JCTEA STD-011)
M
Cable
network
Receiver
Terrestrialdigital
TV receiver
Terrestrial
digitaltuner
Display
M
I
X
OFDMSP
Signal processor
OFDMSP
OFDMSP
UHF
470770MHz
6MHz band
Freq. convert
UHF
470770MHz
OFDM-SP
g
Freq. convert
fn
IF
Output level
110dBV
fn: Local occ.
IFInter. freq,.
Freq. convert
VHFUHF
90770MHz
UHF
470 770MH
Freq. Convert.
6MHz band
OFDM-SP
Transmitting into cable after level adjustment
f1 fn
IF
90770MHz
470770MHz
Output lebel
110dBV
f1fnLocal occ.
IFInter. freq
f1 fn

Transmitting into cable after frequency conversion and level adjustment

7
Pass-through Method for Digital Terrestrial Television
Broadcasting Signals over Cable Television System Broadcasting Signals over Cable Television System
(JCTEA STD-011)
BER for received signal at receiver terminal
BER before error correction by Reed Solomon (204,188) less than10
4
Desirable BER is not more than 110
8
, meaning that about 3dB margin added to 10
4
, because some
equipments example indoor booster etc will be connected on receiver terminal equipments, example indoor booster etc. will be connected on receiver terminal.
OFDM signal processor (SP) performance is specified on 0
10
the following items (Example)
1) Quality of OFDM-SP output
1 Frequency spectral mask Right upper figure
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10

d
B

R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

l
e
v
e
l

[

d
B
]
2 BER 1 10
-4
3 Out-band noiseRight lower figure
2)Rating of OFDM-SP
1 A lit d d i ti i i b d 1 dB
-60
-9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9
MH
Frequency distance from center
[ MHz]
0


1 Amplitude deviation in passing band 1 dB
2 Group delay deviation in passing band 200 ns
3 Signal suppression out of band 10 dB
4 Phase noise of frequency converted carrier 0.5rms
5 S i f f t d i
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

l
e
v
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l

[

d
B
]
0





























0
5 Spurious of frequency converted carrier
-60dB(6MHz)
Frequency distance from center
[ MHz]
-21 0 21
-
6
0
8
Multiplex System for Digital Cable Television(JCTEA STD-002)
JCTEA STD-002 describes digital multiplex and digital modulation of digital cable television
broadcasting methods by Cable Television Broadcasting Law Enforcement Regulations
Digital broadcasting Head-end
Input Signals
BS/CS-IF, RF
A/V/D ENC
Multiplex
(PSI changed)
Transmission
line
QAM
Modulation
SI/EPG etc.
(PSI changed)
Modulation
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Single TS & Multiple TS Multiplexer (JCTEA STD-002) Single TS & Multiple TS Multiplexer (JCTEA STD 002)
Program 1
PIDa
Program 2
PIDb
Program 3
PIDc
e
r
TS A
T
S

m
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t
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p
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x
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c
t
e
d

p
r
o
g
r
a
m
Prog.2
PIDu
Prog.3
PID
Prog.4
PIDw
Prog.5
PIDx
Prog.7
PIDy
Prog.8
PIDz
TS D (Output TS)
Program 4
PIDa
Program 5
PIDb
Program 6
PIDc
TS B
PSISi d EPG t t d i d t l t h l
S
i
n
g
l
e

S
e
l
e
Program 7
PIDa
Program 8
PIDb
Program 9
PIDc
TS C
Fig 1 Conceptual illustration of single TS multiplexer
PSISi and EPG are restructured in order to select channel.
PID have to be changed to be different PID between each program.
Single TS is used for modulation system of Multi-channel video services.
e
x
e
r
Fig. 1 Conceptual illustration of single TS multiplexer
Program 1
PIDa
Program 2
PIDb
Program 3
PIDc
TS A
Prog.1 Prog.2 Prog.3 Prog.7 Prog.8 Prog.9
p
l
e

T
S

m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
TS A
Program 4
PIDa
Program 5
PIDb
Program 6
PIDc
TS B
Program 7 Program 8 Program 9
PIDa
PIDb
PIDc
PIDa PIDb PIDc
TS C
Header
TS A
Multiplex frame
Multiplexer produces multiplex frame by multiple TS format
I t TS lti l d k i d i
S
e
l
e
c
t
e
d

T
S
M
u
l
t
i Program 7
PIDa
Program 8
PIDb
Program 9
PIDc
TS C
Input TSs are multiplexed keeping program drawing.
PID are not changed because of existing no same PID in a TS.
Multiple TS are used for trans-modulation system of Digital Satellite
Broadcasting and Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting
Fig.2 Conceptual illustration of multiple TS multiplexer
10
Basic Configuration Of Multiple TS Multiplexer
This multiplexer have a function to multiplex streams of various programs including digital television broadcasting,
data broadcasting and on-demand audiovisual services using the MPEG-2 transport stream format as a logical
format together with service information containing MPEG-2 program specific information(PSI) into multiple transport
stream. It may include another function to multiplex NIT suitable for cable TV network and the related information
Multiplex input
interface
QAM input
interface
QAM output
interface
TS input
interface
signal for conditional access with the transport stream.
QAM
modulator
Scramble
encoder
Multi TS
multiplexer
T signal
R
T sig. 1
interface
interface
RF or
Signal
QAM
M
I
X

T sig. 1
R
F

o
r

I
F

i
n
t
e
r
f
a
T sig. 2

QAM
modulator
Scramble
encoder
Multi TS
Multiplexer 2
T signal
a
c
e

Test signal
Multi-frame header
information
Related information
(EMM/ECM)
Ks Ks
Ks : Encryption Scramble key
ECM : Entitlement Control Message
EMM : Entitlement Management Message

(EMM/ECM)
g g
NITNetwork Information Table
TS signalTransport Stream(MPEG-2 System)
11
Basic Configuration Of Single TS Multiplexer g g p
This multiplexer have a function to multiplex streams of various programs including digital television broadcasting,
data broadcasting and on-demand audiovisual services using the MPEG-2 transport stream format as a logical
format together with service information containing MPEG-2 program specific information(PSI) into a single transport
stream It may include another function to multiplex the related information signal for conditional access with the


Input signal
i f
Multiplex output QAM input QAM output
stream. It may include another function to multiplex the related information signal for conditional access with the
transport stream.
Program
signal
interface
interface interface interface
signal

MIX

M
u
l
t
i
p
lQAM
M d l t
Scramble
encoder MIX
Program
signal
l
e
x
e
r

Modulator
64QAM / 256QAM
encoder
Ks
Related information
Test signal
Service information
g
Ks : Encryption Scramble key
ECM : Entitlement Control Message
Related information
ECM/EMM
EMM : Entitlement Management Message
12