Innovative Facade Concepts (August 2004)

Hydro Building Systems
ALUMINIUM 2004
World Trade Fair & Conference for the Aluminium
Industry
Essen September 22-24, 2004
Innovative Facade Concepts
By Executive Vice President Lars H. Ringvold
Hydro Aluminium
Date: 2004-05-25 Page: 2 Werner Jager
Innovative Facade Concepts - Requirements
Reduction of Heating Energy
Reduction of Cooling Loads
Avoiding Over-heating
Natural Ventilation
Improved Air born Sound Insulation
Use of Daylight
Interaction with the Exterior
Smoke Control and Fire Proof
Life Cycle Analysis
Occupiers Comfort and Ergonomy
Sustainability
Innovative Facade Concepts Political Conditions
DIRECTIVE 2002/91/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 16 December 2002
on the energy performance of buildings
Innovative Facade Concepts - Political Conditions
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive considers:
Lighting natural and artificial
Heating and Cooling
Ventilation natural and mechanical
Sun protection
Solar systems active and passive
Valid in all EU member states beginning 2006
Innovative Facade Concepts - Technical Conditions
Performance Characteristic
for Curtain Walls in EN 13830
Resistance to fire
Reaction to fire
Fire propagation
Watertightness
Dangerous Substances
Wind load resistance
Resistance to own dead load
Impact resistance
Resistance to horizontal loads
Thermal shock resistance
Acoustic performance
Thermal resistance
Water vapour permeability
Air permeability
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Requirements for buildings
1 Mechanical resistance and stability
2 Safety in case of fire
3 Hygiene, health and the environment
4 Safety in use
5 Protection against noise
6 Energy economy and heat retention
All Innovative Facade Concepts have to be tested and certified acc. to
International Standards. In addition they have to fulfill country specific requirements.
Innovative Facade Concepts Application Environment
Architectural Flexibility
Sustainability
Solar Gains
Cost Efficiency
Energy Storing
Standards
Energy Distribution
Regulations
Communication
Sun Protection
Safety
Lighting
Simplicity
Heating
Occupiers Comfort
Cooling
Ventilation
All parameters influence the concept and design of an Innovative Facade Concept
Innovative Facade Concepts Solutions
Green Aluminium
Innovative Facade Concepts Green Aluminium
Basic idea
Less energy (erection and period of use)
More occupiers comfort (thermal, visual,
social)
Ecology minded design (LCA based design)
Demonstrate performance of aluminium based envelope
products regarding sustainability, achieve sustainable
development
Ferrari Maranello
Use holistic optimisation potential
of office buildings
Objectives
Ecology minded development
LCA based design:
Less material non hazardous - simple separation - good recyclability
Safety (production, assembling)
Energy saving
50% primary energy saving against todays envelope design (ENEV2002)
Use of solar energy: passive via glass, active via photovoltaic
Avoid air conditioning sytems
Increase daylight autonomy
Optimize embodied energy
Objectives
Occupiers comfort
<10% of dissatisfied users
Natural ventilation
Avoide overheating risk during summertime
Natural daylighting in buildings
Flexible office space arrangement
Adaptaible office space (dimensions)
Use as office /residental
Flexible working place concepts (desk sharing, ...)
Lilienberg Zrich
Results: faade
only integrated planing of curtain walls as a functional unit leads to significant
reduction of primary energy demand (faade + glass + panel + blinds)
increased insulation of opace components reduce energy transmission
concentrate on spacer or compound edge and their fixing in the faade
correlation between psi-Value and U-Value
design for recycling + LCA based design
high percentage of recycling aluminium resource indicator, embodied
energy
reduce sight line of profiles increase solar gains
Results: glass
U
glass
+ light transmittans
double better than triple glazing units
triple glazing use clear glass
warm edge spacer with low thermal conductivity U
glass
use of high performance low-e coatings
Braun AG Kronberg
Results: HVAC
Great potential of energy saving for heating and cooling for both buildings
Net use for cooling can be more reduced than for heating
Accepting 28C inside air temperature no cooling appliances will be necessary
Influence of activating thermal mass of concrete components (ceiling, floor)
and additional natural ventilation during night time are more effizient than
mechanical driven ventilation systems
Concept of DuoWall 2 increases thermal comfort significantly compared to
standard double skin facades
Innovative HVAC-concept has to substitute the building concept
Innovative Facade Concepts Examples
Double Skin Facade
Double Skin Window
Double Skin Facade
Improved sound insulation by correct lay-out of the air in- and outlet
Improved heat gain possibilities. Even better by valves in the air in- and outlet
Possibility to ventilate the building naturally
Protected shading device in all weather conditions
Integrated Shading device more efficient than an internal shading device, close
to an external application
Occupier comfort is increased due to possibility to open windows even in
high rise buildings
Innovative Facade Concepts Occupiers Comfort
During a summer day there will be:
up to 95%, with the room climate, dissatisfied people
(Room 2: Parallel outward window with inner shading device)
In comparison a standard facade (room 1 with outer shading device) will cause only 18% dissatisfied people,
a standard double skin facade (room 3) performance like a standard facade.
With an optimized double skin facade (room 4) only 10% of the people will be dissatisfied with the room climate.
1 2 3 4
Measured facade types and
measured results
PPD-Method acc to Ole Fanger in accordance to ISO 7730
During a summer day there :
a standard facade with parallel outward opening window leads to up to 7 C higher room temperatures than the
reference facades
The optimzed double skin facade (room 4) even offers up to 9 C lower room temperatures than the standard
facade with parallel outward opening window.
Exterior temperature
4
1
2
3
Room temperatures in the test rooms
Daytime
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1 2 3 4
Measured facade types and
measured results
Measured Facade Types:
Room 1: Standard Facadce with Turn/ Tilt Window
and exterior Shading device
Room 2: Standard Facadce with parallel outward
opening Window and interior Shading
device
Room 3: Standard Double Skin Facadce with Turn/
Tilt Window inside and fixed single glazing
outside.
Shading device between inner and outer
facade
Room 4: Standard Double Skin Facadce with Turn/
Tilt Window inside and fixed double glazing
outside.
Shading device incorporated in the double
glazing of the outer facade.
An optimized double skin facade design can reduce overheating by
more than 40% compared to standard double skin facades.
DW 1 DW 2
1012
605
666
307
381
151
214
62
118
19
47
1
23
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7
0
0
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500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
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>24C >25C >26C >27C >28C >29C >30C >31C
Room temp. above
Wicona
Feeled room temperatures
Sommer Standard year Wrzburg
DW 1, window ventilation,without parts cooling,with night cooling
DW 2, window ventilation,without parts cooling,with night cooling
Measured facade typs and
measured results
Double Skin Facades - Project Solution
Braun Kronberg in Germany
Architect: Schneider + Schumacher Frankfurt, Germany
Metal builder: Magnus Mller Germany
Double skin facade area: 3,500 m
Glashaut auen,
ffenbar
Abschattung
Horizontalschnitt
Reinigungsflgel
innen
Holzklappe
Schmale
Doppelfassade
Brogebude
Fa. Braun, Kronberg
Max Planck Society in Munich, Germany
Architect: Graf/Popp/Streif Munich, Germany
Metal builder: Trube and Kings Germany
MPG Mnchen
Max-Planck-Ges ells chaft in Mnchen
Doppelfassade
Vertikalschnitt
Innenfassade
(auch als Fluchtbalkon)
Fassadenzwischenraum
Fassade
Auen-
ERGO Insurance in Mannheim, Germany
Architect: Albert Speer und Partner Frankfurt, Germany
Metal builder: Lindhorst Germany
University of Leipzig, Germany
Architect: Architektengemeinschaft Augustusplatz Leipzig, Germany
Metal builder: FensterKeller Germany
Ferrari Headquater in Maranello, Italy
Architect: Fiat Engineering, Italy
Metal builder: Lorenzon Italy
Double Skin Windows
Improved sound insulation
Improved heat gain possibilities.
Possibility to ventilate the building naturally
Protected shading device in all weather conditions
Reduced depth of the complet system
Integrated Shading device more efficient than an internal shading device, close
to an external application
Occupier comfort is increased due to possibility to open windows even in
high rise buildings
Innovative Facade Concepts TOP Window
Performance:
Thermal insulation:
Window U value = 1,2 W/mK
Sound insulation:
up to 57 dB(A)
Peak Temperatures:
The TOP window can reduced the peak temperatures
In the room up to 6 K compared with standard facade
solutions.
Overheating hours per year:
The TOP window can reduced the overheating hours
up to 800 hours per year compared with standard
facade solutions.
Cooling Load per year:
The TOP window can reduced the cooling load (=energy)
up to 50% per year compared with standard
facade solutions.
The TOP Window at the NordBYGG 2004:
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Sound Insulation in dB(A)
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m
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Concret wall
Brick wall
TOP Window, 195 mm depth
TOP Window, 57 dB Closed
Ext: 8 mm tempered glass
Int: 8 mm lam/16 Ar/ 10 mm float
57 dB of Sound Insulation
The TOP window (less than 200 mm depth) can achieve sound insulation levels of
a 270 mm thick concret wall (density 2000 kg/m) or
a 450 mm thick brick wall (density 1200 kg/m)
Standard Facade vs. TOP Window (LCool version) :
The TOP Window (LCool version) can reduce peak temperature
1. by 4 K, compared to standard double skin facades and
2. by 6 K, compared to standard facades (Curtain wall)
Temperature distribution
TOP window with LE insulation glass inside
And sun protection insulation glass outside
With incorporated shading device
Temperature distribution
Standard Facade with LE Insulation glass
and incorporated Shading device
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Standard Facade Double Skin
Facade
TOP Window
Lcool version
TOP Window
Standard version
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Ventilation
Lighting
Cooling
Heating
Primary Energy Consumption
TOP window Lcool version has 30 % less primary energy consumption than a Standard Facade.
Integration of systems to
Heat
Cool
Ventilate
Light the room by the facade
Modular design enhances
Flexible architecture
Fast installation
Fast errection
Easy to maintain
Self-Sustaining
Energy needed by the facade
is produced by the facade
Photovoltaic Moduls
Pre-fabricated facade units
Sustainable Design
Natural Ventilation
Facade integrated heating
And cooling device
Media Facade
Lighting of the room
Facility Management and
Building Automation
Unitized facade concept
Double skin with integrated sunshading
Sun shading with combined day light guiding function, Anti-glare protection inside
Natural ventilation via window openings
Decentralized systems to heat, cool and ventilate the room
Energy gaining systems
Drive and fitting are one units
Plug-In concept with link to facility management
Sustainable Facade concept
Cost efficient unit regarding investment and operation costs

Innovative Facade Concepts (August 2004)

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