Discussion No.

4
The Quantitative Expression
of Concentration of Solutions
and Colloidal Dispersions
Marris Ellyanna Camille B. am!
"yvush Brandis C. aya!
#rvy lena!
#rthur $dil T. Macatula
Section %N&'() *roup 4
INTRODUCTION
The concentration of a chemical solution descri+es the amount of solute that is
dissolved in a ,iven amount of solvent. There exist several types of solutions- solids
dissolved in li.uids! solids dissolved in solids! to name a fe/. 0n these types of solution!
+oth solute and solvent exists either in the same or different phases. #s a conse.uence!
there are also a num+er of /ays to express the relative amounts of solute and solvent in
a solution- .ualitatively! semi(.ualitatively and .uantitatively. 0n this discussion! /e /ill
+e studyin, ho/ concentration of solutions and colloidal dispersions /ill +e expressed
.uantitatively.
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
#t the end of the la+oratory discussion! the students should +e a+le to understand the
different /ays +y /hich concentration of solutions and colloidal dispersions are
.uantitatively expressed
PERCENT CONCENTRATIONS
PERCENT CONCENTRATIONS
1 Percent Concentration = ( Amount of Soute ! " ( Amount of Soution ! #
$%%&
PERCENT B' (ASS
1 The mass percent is used to express the concentration of a solution /hen the
mass of a solute and the mass of solution is ,iven.
1 23m4m5
1 (a)) Percent = ((a)) of Soute! " ((a)) of Soution! # $%%&
PERCENT B' VOLU(E
1 The volume percent is used to express the concentration of a solution /hen the
volume of a solute and the volume of a solution is ,iven.
1 23v4v5
1 Voume Percent = (Voume of Soute! " (Voume of Soution! # $%%&
PERCENT *EIG+ B' VOLU(E
1 #lso 6no/n as Mass47olume 8ercent.
1 The Mass47olume 8ercent is used to express the concentration of a solution
/hen the mass of the solute and the volume of solution is ,iven.
1 23m4v5
1 (a))"Voume Percent = ((a)) of Soute! " (Voume of Soution! # $%%&
E9#M8ES
1 Percent Concentration
,An a-ueou) )oution contain) %.%$$ / of )ufuric aci0 an0 12%%% /ram) of
3ater.
1 Percent 45 (a))"Voume
,*6at i) t6e 3ei/6t"7oume 8ercenta/e concentration of 19%mL of a-ueou)
)o0ium c6ori0e )oution containin/ 9/ NaC:
mass solute 2NaCl5 : ;,
volume of solution : <;=m
/4v 235 : ;, > <;=m x %== : <,4%==m 23m4v5
1 Percent 45 Voume
,'ou 6a7e ;%.%m of C<+9C+= t6at i) 8ut into >9.%m of C<+<2 36at i) t6e
8ercent 7oume of C<+9C+=:
7olume of Solute : 4=.=ml
7olume of Solution : 4=.=ml?@;.=ml : %%;.=ml
24=.=ml542%%;.=ml5 9 %== : A4.B 3 of C<+9C+=
1 Percent 45 (a))
(9.;9 / of NaC i) a00e0 to $%% mL of 3ater. *6at i) t6e 3ei/6t 8ercent:
Mass of Solute : ;.4;,
Mass of Solution : ,rams /ater ? ,rams NaCl : %==, ?;.4;, : %=;.4;,
2;.4;,5 42%=;.4;,5 9 %== : ;.%@ 23m4m5
?Remem4er t6at@ $%%m A $.%%/"m = $%%/
O)moarit5
$smolarity ( is defined as the num+er of o)moe) of solute per liter 25 of solution.
0t is expressed in terms of $smol4 or $sm4
Cor Example-
# % mol4 NaCl solution has an osmolarity of < osmol4. # mole of NaCl separates fully
in /ater to yield t/o moles of particles- Na
?
ions and Cl
(
ions. Each mole of NaCl
+ecomes t/o osmoles in solution.
$smoles , $smolarity is defined in terms of o)moe). #n o)moe is a unit of
measurement that descri+es the num+er of moles of a compound that contri+ute to the
osmotic pressure of a chemical solution. 0t is related to osmosis and is used in
reference to solution /here osmotic pressure is important! such as +lood and urine.
Sam8e Pro4em
Dou have ;%% mL of a $9 & (/C1 )oution
Molecular Eei,ht- M, : <4.A! Cl : A;.;5
Each mole of M,Cl<: A osmoles in solution5
%. Since this is a %;3 solution! ho/ many ,rams of M,Cl< are in %== m of the
solutionF
%;3 means %;,4%==m
: $9/
<. 0f there are %; ,4%== m! then ho/ many ,rams total are there in the 4== mF
E-uate
%; ,4%== m : x ,44== m 2Cross multiply5
%;24==5 : %== x
x : %;24==5 4 %==
x : G=
: <%/
A. Ho/ many ,rams does % mole of M,Cl< /ei,hF
Su4)titute t6e moecuar 3ei/6t)
M,Cl< : 2<4.A5 ? <2A;.;5
: <4.A ? @%
: B9.= /
4. 0f there are );.A , in one mole! then ho/ many moles are there in the 4== m
M,Cl< solutionF
There are G= , in 4== m! Con7ert Gram) to (oe)
2G= ,5 2% mole4);.A ,5 : %.<= moe)
;. Ho/ many osmoles are in the 4== m M,Cl< solutionF
Each mole is A osmoles. Con7ert moe) to o)moe).
=.GA moles 2A osmole4% mole5 : %.B) osmoles
G. Ehat is the osmolarity of the M,Cl< solutionF
Eith %.B) osmoles in 4== ml! ho/ many osmoles /ould +e in % literF
Con7ert (iiiter to Liter
%.B) osmoles44== ml 2%===ml4l5 : 4.@A osmoles4liter
$smolarity is ;.>= O)m"L
Diution
Dilution is the addition of solvent to decrease the concentration of the solution.
Example- 0f a ,lass of oran,e Iuice is too concentrated to drin6! Iust simply add enou,h
/ater to dilute the Iuice until it is concentrated enou,h to pleasantly drin6.
(Jeep in mind that the amount of solute is constant. $nly the volume of the solution is
chan,ed +y addin, solvent.
(a/ of Conservation of Mass is applied /hen calculatin, dilution.
(a/ of C$nservation of Mass- 0n a chemical reaction! the mass of the products e.uals
the mass of the reactants.
Cormula
M
%
7
%
: M
<
7
<
M
%
7
%
: 0nitial 7alue
M
<
7
<
: Cinal 7alue
M : Concentration 2molarity5
7 : 7olume 2iters! milliliter5
Example
Ehat is the concentration of a solution formed +y dilutin, ;.= m of a A.< M ,lucose
solution to 4=.= mF
M
%
: A.< M 7
%
: ;.o m
M
<
: F 7
<
:

4=.= m
A.< M x ;.= m : M
<
x 4=.= m
M
<
: 2A.< M x ;.= m54 4=.= m
M
<
: =.4=
Ho/ many milliliters of ;.; M Na$H are needed to prepare A== m of %.< M Na$HF
M
%
: ;.; M 7
%
: F
M
<
: %.< M 7
<
:

A== m
;.; M x 7
%
: %.< M x A== m

7
%
: 2%.< M x A== m54 ;.; M
7
%
: G; m
M$#'0TD #ND M$#0TD
1 Molarity ( 0t is defined as the num+er of moles of solute dissolved in % of
solution.
C$'M&#-
8'$BEMS-
%. Cind the molarity of a solution that contains 4).A ,rams of NaCl in enou,h /ater
to ma6e ;==.=m of solution.
4).A x %4;B.;, : =.B4A mol NaCl
M : =.B4A mol NaCl
=.;
: %.G) M
<. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared +y dissolvin, <A.@ ,rams of
JMn$
4
into enou,h /ater to ma6e @;= m of solution.
<A.@ x %mol4%;B, : =.%;mol
M : =.%;mol
=.@;=
: =.< M
A. Cind the molarity of a solution that contains )A.@ ,rams of JN$A in enou,h to
ma6e @;=cmK of solution.
)A.@, x %mol4%=%.%, : =.)@@mol
M : =.)@@mol
=.@;
: A.@% M
4. Ehat is the molarity of the solution if AG.) ,rams of CaCl< is dissolved in @;=m
of an a.ueous solutionF The density of the solutions : %.<%,4m
Solution : Solute ? Solvent
)=B, L AG.) : B@%.%,
AG.) x %mol4%=%.% : =.AA<mol
M : =.AA<mol
=.@;m
: =.44AM
M Molality ( 0t is defined as the num+er of moles of solute dissolved in %6, 2%===,5
of solvent.
C$'M&#-
8'$BEMS-
%. # 4 , su,ar cu+e 2Sucrose- C
%<
H
<<
$
%%
5 is dissolved in a A;= ml teacup of B= NC
/ater. Ehat is the molality of the su,ar solutionF *iven- Density of /ater at B=N :
=.)@; ,4ml
4, x %mol4A4<, : =.=%%@mol
Mass : 2=.)@; ,4m52A;=m5 : A4%.<;,
Mass : =.A4%6,
m : mol46,
: =.=%%@mol4=.A4%6,
: =.=A4mol46,
<. Ehat is the molality of a solution /hich 4) ,rams of H<S$4 is dissolved in <;=,
of /aterF
4), x %mol4)B, : =.;mol
m : =.;mol4=.;6,
: <mol46,
A. Ehat is the molarity of the solution if AG.) ,rams of CaCl< is dissolved in @;=m
of an a.ueous solutionF The density of the solutions : %.<%,4m
Solution : Solute ? Solvent
)=B, L AG.) : B@%.%,
AG.) x %mol4%=%.% : =.AA<mol
m : =.AA<mol4=.B@%%6,
: =.AB%mol46,
4. Ehat is the molality of the solution if %4.@ of NaCl is dissolved in %==, of /aterF
The density of the solution : %.%;,4m
%4.@, ? %==, : %%4.@,
m : mol46,
: =.<;%mol4=.%6,
: <.;% mol46,