Unit III(KINEMATICS OF CAMS)

16 Marks:
1. It is required to set out the profile of a cam to give the following motion to
the reciprocating follower with a flat mushroom contact face:
(i) Follower to have a stroke of 20 mm during 120 of cam rotation
(ii) Follower to dwell for 0 of cam rotation
(iii) Follower to return to its position during 120 of cam rotation
(iv) Follower to dwell for the remaining period!
"he minimum radius of the cam is 2# mm! "he outstroke of the
follower is performed with simple harmonic motion and the return
stroke with equal uniform acceleration and retardation (may/june 2007)
2. $onstruct a tangent cam and mention the important terminologies on it! %lso derive the
e&pression for displacement' velocit( and acceleration of a reciprocating roller follower when
the roller has contact with the nose! (may/june 2007)
3. )hat i s t a nge nt c a m* +erive t h e e & p r e s s i o n s for t h e v e l o c i t ( a n d
acceleration of a roller follower in the tangent cam! (nov/dec 2009)
4. % s(mmetrical circular cam operating a flat faced follower has the following particulars:
,inimum radius of the cam-0mm. total lift - 20mm. angle of lift - /#
0
1ose radius - #mm. speed - 200rpm!
+etermine:
i) "he principal dimensions of the cam!
ii) %cceleration of the follower at the 3eginning of lift' at the end of contact with the
circular flank' at the 3eginning of contact with the nose and at the ape& of the
nose!
5. From the following data draw the profile of a cam in which the follower moves with 45,
during ascent while it moves with uniforml( accelerated and decelerated motion during
descent!
6east radius of the cam - #0mm
%ngle of ascent - 78
0
%ngle of dwell - 72
0
%ngle of descent - 20
0
6ift of the follower - 70mm
+iameter of the roller - 0mm
If the cam rotates at 20rpm anticlockwise find the ma&imum velocit( and acceleration
of the follower during descent!
6. % s(mmetrical tangent cam with a least radius of 2# mm operates a roller follower of radius
10mm! the angle of ascent is 20
0
and total lift is 1#mm! if the speed of the cam is 700rpm'
then calculate:
"he principal dimensions of the cam(i!e) the distance 3etween the cam center and nose
center. nose radius and angle of control of cam with straight flank!(may/june 2010)
Anser: s!m!"ar #o 4 $ues#!on.
7. +raw the displacement' velocit( and acceleration diagrams for a follower when it moves with
uniform acceleration and uniform retardation! +erive the e&pression for velocit( and
acceleration during out stroke and return stroke of the follower. (nov/dec 2009)
%. +raw the profile of an cam operating a knife9edge follower when the a&is of the follower
passes through the a&is of cam shaft from the following data!
(a) Follower to move outwards through 70mm during 20
0
of cam rotation
(3) Follower to dwell for the ne&t 7#
0
(c) Follower to return to its original position during ne&t :0
0
(d) Follower to dwell for the rest of the cam rotation!
"he displacement of the follower is to take place with simple harmonic motion during 3oth
the outward and the return strokes! "he least radius of cam is #0mm! if the cam rotates at
00rpm' determine the ma&imum velocit( and acceleration of the follower during the
outward stroke and return strokes. (nov/dec 2009)
&!m!"ar #o #'!s mode" anser (u# va"ue !s d!))eren#.
9. 6a(out the profile of a cam operating a roller reciprocating follower for the following data!
6ift of follower - 0mm. angle during the follower rise period - 120
0
%ngle during the
follower after rise - 0
0
. %ngle during the follower return period - 1#0
0
. angle during which
follower dwell after return - 20
0
. minimum radius of cam - 2#mm. roller diameter - 10mm!
the motion of follower is uniform acceleration and deceleration during the rise and return
period! (nov/dec 200%)
&!m!"ar #o #'!s mode" anser (u# va"ue !s d!))eren#.
10. % cam is to designed for a knife edge follower with the following data: $am lift - 70mm
during :0
0
of cam rotation with 45,' dwell for the ne&t 0
0
' during the ne&t 20
0
of cam
rotating' the follower returns to its originals position with 45,' dwell during the remaining
180
0
! +raw the profile of the cam when the line of stroke is offset 20mm from the a&is of the
cam shaft! "he radius of the 3ase circle of the cam is 70mm!(may/june 2009)* (nov/dec
2012)
&!m!"ar #o #'!s mode" anser (u# va"ue !s d!))eren#.
Unit IV-(Gears)
16 marks:
1! )hat do (ou mean 3( pitch point' circular pitch' module' and addendum and pressure angle*
;&plain in detail! (a+r/may 200%)
2! 4tate and prove the law of gear tooth action for constant velocit( ratio and show how the
involute teeth profile satisfies the condition! +erive an e&pression for the velocit( of sliding
3etween a pair of involutes teeth! 4tate the advantages of involute profile as a gear tooth
profile. (a+r/may 200%)
! "wo 20
0
involute spur gear mesh e&ternall( and give a velocit( ratio of ! ,odule is mm
and the addendum is equal to 1!1 modules! If the pinion rotates at 120rpm' determine
(a) "he minimum num3er of teeth on each wheel to avoid interference
(b) "he num3er of pairs of teeth in contact! (nov/dec 2009)
7! In an epic(clic gear train' an arm carries two gears % and < having 27 and 0 teeth
respectivel(! "he arm rotates at 100rpm! In the clockwise direction! Find the speed of gear <
on its own a&is' when the gear % is fi&ed! If instead of 3eing fi&ed' the wheel % rotates at
200rpm in the counter clock wise direction' what will 3e the speed of <*
(nov/dec 2009)
#! (i) +erive an e&pression for minimum num3er of teeth on the wheel in
=rder to avoid interference!
(!) "wo mating gears have 20 and 70 involute teeth of module 10mm and 20 pressure
angle! "he addendum on each wheel is to 3e made of such a length that the line of
contact on each side of the pitch point has half of the ma&imum possi3le length!
+etermine the addendum height for each gear wheel' length of the path of contact'
arc of contact and contact ratio!
(nov/dec 200%)
"his sum is similar to solved sum 3elow here:
2! In an epic(clic gear train shown in fig! the pinion % has 1# teeth and is rigidl( fi&ed in the
motor shaft! "he wheel < has 20 teeth and gears with %' and also with annular fi&ed wheel +!
pinion $ has 1# teeth and is integral with <($'< 3eing a compound gear wheel)! >ear $
meshes with annular wheel ;' which is ke(ed to the machine shaft! "he arm rotates a3out the
same shaft on which % is fi&ed and carries the compound wheel <9$! if the motor runs at
1000rpm! Find the speed of the machine shaft! (may/jun 2009)
/! %nepic(clic train of gear is arranged as shown in fig! +etermine the revolution of the arm' to
which the pinions < and $ are attached' when (i) % makes one revolution clockwise and +
makes half a revolution anticlockwise and (ii) % makes one revolution clockwise and + is
stationar(!
+%?2 - +<@+$?2
"%?2 - "< @ "$?2
"< - ("% A "$)?2 - (#7 927)?2 - 1#
8! %n epic(lic gear train is shown in fig! the num3er of teeth on % B< are 100 and 220
respectivel(! +etermine the speed of the arm a
(a) If % rotates at 100rpm clockwise and < at #0 rpm counter clockwise
(a) If % rotates at 100 rpm clockwise and < is stationar(! (May/,un 2011)
:! (a) (i) 4tate and prove C6aw of gearingD' and thus derive the e&pression for CEelocit(
of slidingD!
(ii) Frove that the ma&imum length of arc of contact 3etween a pair of gear tooth to
avoid interference is (r @ G)tan ! (A+r/May 2010)
10! (i) +iagrammaticall( show the following with reference to a spur gear
tooth:
Face width' Fitch circle' $learance' "ooth thickness'%ddendum and +edendum!
(ii) %n epic(clic gear train is shown in the following figure! 5ow man(
revolutions does the arm makes when (1) % makes one revolution in
clockwise and + makes 1?2 a revolution in the opposite sense and
(2) % makes one revolution in clockwise and + remains stationar(*
"he num3er of teeth in gears % and + are 70 and :0 respectivel(!
11! "wo planet gear < and $ having 0 teeth each are attached to the arm ; as shown in fig! and
gear % is having 70 teeth instead of #0' then find the num3er of revolution made 3( the arm
when:
(i) >ear % makes one revolution clockwise and + makes half a revolution
anticlockwise!
(ii) >ear % makes one revolution clockwise and + is stationar(!
(nov/dec 2011)
Unit V- (Friction)
1. Sketch and explain any three inversin ! a d"#le slider crank
chain$
(nv%dec &''()(nv%dec &')))(nv%dec &')')
Many a times mechanisms are designed to perform repetitive operations. During
these
operations for a certain period the mechanisms will be under load known as working
stroke and the remaining period is known as the return stroke, the mechanism
returns
to repeat the operation without load. The ratio of time of working stroke to that of
the
return stroke is known a time ratio. uick return mechanisms are used in machine
tools to give a slow cutting stroke and a !uick return stroke. The various !uick return
mechanisms commonly used are i) "hitworth ii) Drag link. iii) #rank and slotted
lever mechanism
1. "hitworth !uick return mechanism$
"hitworth !uick return mechanism is an application of third inversion of the
single
slider crank chain. This mechanism is shown in the %gure below. The crank &# is
%'ed and & rotates about &. The slider slides in the slotted link and generates a
circle of radius #(. )ink * connects the e'tension & provided on the opposite
side
of the link 1 to the ram (link +). The rotary motion of ( is taken to the ram ,
which
reciprocates. The !uick return motion mechanism is used in shapers and slotting
machines.
The angle covered during cutting stroke from (1 to (- in counter clockwise
direction
is . or /+0 1-2. During the return stroke, the angle covered is -2 or 3.
-. Drag link mechanism $
This is four bar mechanism with double crank in which the shortest link is %'ed. 4f
the crank 56 rotates at a uniform speed, the crank #D rotate at a non1uniform
speed.
This rotation of link #D is transformed to !uick return reciprocatory motion of the
ram 7 by the link #7 as shown in %gure. "hen the crank 56 rotates through an
angle
. in #ounter clockwise direction during working stroke, the link #D rotates
through
180. "e can observe that 9 . :9 3. ;ence time of working stroke is . 93 times
more or
the return stroke is . 93 times !uicker. <hortest link is always stationary link.
<um of
the shortest and the longest links of the four links 1, -, / and = are less than the
sum of
the other two. 4t is the necessary condition for the drag link !uick return
mechanism
.
/. #rank and slotted lever mechanism$
4t is an application of second inversion. The crank and slotted lever mechanism is
shown in %gure below.
-. Explain the *rkin+ ! a ,"ick ret"rn -tin -echanis-$ Als derive
an e,"tin !r the rati ! ti-e taken !r ret"rn strke and !r*ard
strkes$ (-ay%."ne &''/)
Many a times mechanisms are designed to perform repetitive operations. During
these
operations for a certain period the mechanisms will be under load known as
working
stroke and the remaining period is known as the return stroke, the mechanism
returns
to repeat the operation without load. The ratio of time of working stroke to that of
the
return stroke is known a time ratio. uick return mechanisms are used in
machine
tools to give a slow cutting stroke and a !uick return stroke. The various !uick
return
mechanisms commonly used are i) "hitworth ii) Drag link. iii) #rank and slotted
lever mechanism
1. "hitworth !uick return mechanism$
"hitworth !uick return mechanism is an application of third inversion of the
single
slider crank chain. This mechanism is shown in the %gure below. The crank &# is
%'ed and & rotates about &. The slider slides in the slotted link and generates a
circle of radius #(. )ink * connects the e'tension & provided on the opposite
side
of the link 1 to the ram (link +). The rotary motion of ( is taken to the ram ,
which
reciprocates. The !uick return motion mechanism is used in shapers and slotting
machines.
The angle covered during cutting stroke from (1 to (- in counter clockwise
direction
is . or /+0 1-2. During the return stroke, the angle covered is -2 or 3.
-. Drag link mechanism $
This is four bar mechanism with double crank in which the shortest link is %'ed. 4f
the crank 56 rotates at a uniform speed, the crank #D rotate at a non1uniform
speed.
This rotation of link #D is transformed to !uick return reciprocatory motion of the
ram 7 by the link #7 as shown in %gure. "hen the crank 56 rotates through an
angle
. in #ounter clockwise direction during working stroke, the link #D rotates
through
180. "e can observe that 9 . :9 3. ;ence time of working stroke is . 93 times
more or
the return stroke is . 93 times !uicker. <hortest link is always stationary link.
<um of
the shortest and the longest links of the four links 1, -, / and = are less than the
sum of
the other two. 4t is the necessary condition for the drag link !uick return
mechanism
.
/. Explain the *rkin+ ! a t++le -echanis- and its applicatin *ith a
neat sketch$
(-ay%."ne &''/)
1. Toggle Mechanism$
4n slider crank mechanism as the crank approaches one of its dead centre
position, the
slider approaches >ero. The ratio of the crank movement to the slider movement
approaching in%nity is proportional to the mechanical advantage. This is the
principle
used in toggle mechanism. 5 toggle mechanism is used when large forces act
through
a short distance is re!uired. The %gure below shows a toggle mechanism. )inks
#D
and #7 are of same length. ,esolving the forces at # vertically ? <in . @( #os . -
Therefore, ? @ ( . (because <in .9#os . @ Tan .) - tan . Thus for the given value
of
(, as the links #D and #7 approaches collinear position (.&), the force ? rises
rapidly.
12! +iagrammaticall( show the following with reference to a spur gear
tooth:
Face width' Fitch circle' $learance' "ooth thickness'%ddendum and +edendum!