What are search tools?

Define Linux.
What is database?
What is the role of public domain bioinformatics facilities that are associated with biological databases?
What are the pair wise sequence alignment methods?
Differentiate BLOCKs and profiles.
What is the difference between a dendrogram and phylogenetic tree?
Define genetic distance.
What is meant by modeling a system?
What are the applications of microarray technology?
Part B
Write the simple HTML program and enlist its advantages and disadvantages.
Define Extensible Markup Language (XML), How would you write the syntax for well formed XML
document?
Database heterogeneity is very common in bio-databases. Justify it
What is SRS?
How do you Classify bio-databases based on the source of data?
Define composite data base with an example.
What is clustalW? Explain the algorithm and narrate the steps to do a multiple sequence alignment.
Explain how neural network is exploited in gene and secondary structure prediction.
What is neighbor joining tree? How it is different from UPGMA tree?
Compare maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods of tree building for method,
advantages and limitations.
What are the basic decisions that has to be taken in building model of a biological system?
What are the various methods of clustering the microarray data? Explain.


May/June 2014
What is the command used to find which files contain a certain word?
What is telnet and how is the user data interspersed?
Define the database model and mention its types.
Mention any two uses of biological databases.
Define e/value.
What is raw score and bit score in BLAST?
Define edit distance.
Explain two utilizes of DNA microarray?
Define k-means clustering.
Part B
Discuss in detail about the different operators used in a Perl. Explain the Hashes and Lists with suitable
examples.
Write in detail about file transfer protocol and list the commands used. Explain about the data
representations used while transferring data over the network.
Give a brief account on various available biological databases, data formats and explin their uses.
Explain in detail about data management and data life cycle. What are the interfaces used and explain
their implementation.
Describe and algorithm for global alignment of strings. Align the two strings LLNCDR and LRCDN globally
using the Needleman and Wunsch algorithm.
What is Homology modeling? Explain its salient features. How can homology modeling be used to
identify potential drug targets?
Explain molecular clock theory. How does UPGMA take into account molecular clock theory? What are
the applications of UPGMA tree?
Discuss the ultra metric tree construction. What kind of data is used to build such a tree? Do the data
points 7,3,3 qualify to be ultrametric, explain.
What is the microarray technique? How is used to distinguish between healthy and diseased samples?
Discuss the analytical methods used in microarray data analysis.
Explain in detail about bimolecular and cellular computing.
November/December 2013
Differentiate mRNA splicing and alternative splicing.
Define open and closed promoters with example.
Give an example for rnitochondrial encoded proteins in cytoplasmic male sterility.
Name the proteins involved in the assembly of Rubisco.
How are nodulation genes isolated by complementation?
Define hup genes.
Define systemic infection.
What are the auxin and cytokinin genes present in agrobacterium Tumefaciens?
What are movement proteins? Give example.
What are the genes that decide the shelf life of tomoto and their function?
Part B
Elaborate the nucleosome structure and organization of a eukaryotic DNA.
Write notes on protein modification in plants.
Elaborate the post transcriptional modification of plant genes in detail.
Illustrate the structure of eukaryotic gene with all the regulatory elements in the upstream and
downstream.
Explain the structure, function and organization of genetic material of mitochondria and chloroplast
with neat sketch.
How nuclear encoded proteins are transported to organelles? Explain the role of signal peptides in
protein targeting and transport with example.
Explain the process and biochemical mechanism involved in nitrogen fixation, Comment on nod, nif and
hup genes and its transgenic.
Write note on the special features of the following in nitrogen fixation.
I) Dazotrophs, 2) Leghemoglobin, 3) Adiazotrophs.
Describe how T-DNA is excised and transferred from Agrobacterium Tumefaciens and integrated into
plant genome. Add a note on expression of T DNA genes and its functional organization.
Discuss the properties of the following plant viruses as vectors.
1) Cauliflower Mosaic Virus, 2) Gemini Virus 3) RNA plant Viruses.
Outline the method of mass propagation of plants using in vitro culture technology.
How disease resistant transgenic plants are developed? Discuss at least three strategies with examples.
Explain the methodology of any two therapeutic protein production by transgenics.
Mention a herbicide name and the transgenic crop name and the strategies by which herbicide
resistance developed in plaints.
May/June 2014
What is the significance of Histones?
What are junk sequences?
Draw the structure of chloroplast and comment on its salient features.
Draw the structure of chloroplast and comment on its salient features.
Write about the structural organization of mitochondrial DNA.
List some of the organisms involved in biological nitrogen fixation.
Explain how nodulation takes place in leguminous plants.
Write about the importance of border sequences in causing tumorigenesis.
What are viroids and what is its significance.
Define totipotency.
List some edible vaccines which are under clinical trails.
Part B
Give a detail account on the translation mechanisms of eukaryotic system.
Elaborately discuss about the structural organization of nucleosome and its dynamics.
Explain in detail the cyutoplasmic male sterility and how it will be useful inbreeding hydrids.
Describe in detail the assembly, mechanism and regulation of rubisco synthesis.
Illustrate with suitable diagrams biological nitrogen fixation in detail.
Explain by citing examples the genetic regulation of nitrogen fixation in the root nodules of leguminous
plants.
Describe in detail the Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in dicot plants.
Discuss the different types of viral vectors used in genetic engineering of plants and its applications.
Among the various tissue culture techniquesmicro propagation produces true to true type plants
justify.
How will you produce a Bt resistance plant? Explain the process by citing an example.
May/June 2014
The crowded plate technique of screening for antibiotic producing microorganisms could give false
positive results how?
Define catabolite repression.
Name the microorganism(s) that can be used for commercial production of ethanol.
List the uses of glutamic acid.
Differentiate between natural, biosynthetic and semi-syntheitc penciling.
Define secondary metabolites.
Write the different types of proteases and at least one use of each.
What are SCPs?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of plant organ culture?
Give two ways in which rDNA could be used in the strain improvement of antibiotic producing
microorganisms.
Part B
What is the need for strain improvement? Describe the various methods Used for strain improvement.
Explain in detail the various chromatographic methods used in product recovery and purification.
Distinguish between homo-and hetero-fermentative bacteria? Describe the production of lactic acid.
Explain the steps involved in the production of butanol and its purification.
What are aminoglycosides and how do they act? Give a detailed account of the production of
streptomycin.
What is biotransformation? Explain the production of any one commercially important compound by
this process.
What are the uses of biopolymers? Describe the production of any one biopolymer.
What are the advantages of biopesticides over inorganic pesticides? Describe the steps involved in the
production and formulation of Bt spores.
Give a detailed account of therapeutic recombinant proteins.
Discuss the development and use of hybridomas
May/June 2014
What is Genome? What is the functional part of Genome?
What is meant by splicing and alternative splicing?
What is contig?
Define Annotation.
Define Epigenetics.
What is TIGR?
What are parameter determine movement of protein on SDS gel?
What are the significant features of radiation transducer used in mass spectroscopy?
What are glycoproteins?
How are the protein structure validated?
Part B
How are Prokaryotic genome differentiated from Eukaryotic genome? Explain with suitable example.
Explain the significant features of Archae genome. How it differs from bacterial genome?
What is meant by gap closure? Explain the principle and applications of jumping of clones.
What is STS? How is used in the assembly of fragment? Explain
What is ORF? Explain the methodology involved in the prediction of functional properties of genome.
What is the principle involved in the DNA library screening? Write the significant features of subtractive
DNA library.
Explain the principle and procedure involved in protein micro sequencing.
Explain the instrumentation and application of mass spectroscopy.
How are glycolproteins classified? Explain each type with suitable structure.
Explain the procedure involved in the prediction of protein structure in X ray crystallography. Write the
significant features of the 3D structure.