I) Verb Rules, Structures and Expressions A) Verb Usage: Tip English

Tip English
Author/Date: mrktheni/07/13/02 Page 1/36

I) VERB RULES, STRUCTURES AND EXPRESSIONS
a) Verb usage
i) Simple Present
Rule Example Explanation
When it is true all the time
use
The Sun rises in the East It is true always
When it is permanent I live in London "live" is true all the time
When it is routine I go by bus to work everyday you go to work by
bus
When it is of geographical
location
Delhi lies on the River
Yamuna
When it is emotions, senses It tastes good
I love this movie
It is tasting good-is wrong
I am loving this movie-is
wrong
ii) Present continuous
When the action is Temporary I am going by bus only till my car gets
fixed
When it is for changes or current trends
iii) Simple Past
When it was long term in the past I lived in the countryside when I was a child -
this is a long-term situation in the past.
If you are explaining something that is always continuing or true even it was told in the
past
use simple present to that part.
Example The professor told us that Jupiter was the largest
planetincorrect
The professor told us that Jupiter is the largest
planet-correct
iii) Past Continuous -ing form
When it was Temporary or
continuing
When I was living in London,I often went to the
theatre
When I lived in London,I worked with them
Temporary
Longtime
When past simple & past
continuous
Are combined
When he got home, the children were playing in
the garden
To give description The girl was wearing a yellow dress
She was eating ice-cream and was watching
television
To make polite requests I was wondering if you had time to see me
I was hoping we could discuss a pay rise
iv) Present Perfect or Simple Past
Depends on whether the event is still connected with the past, or it is completed.
When you use past, you mean the event as finished in the past, mostly used along with time
eg., in 1997, this morning, last night, etc.,
With Present Perfect, you mean the event started in past, but still connected with present
eg., I have lived here for 2 years. (you started living before 2 years and still continue
living there)
Announcing news: I have passed the exam
Experience: I have been to Singapore
Have you ever been to Singapore?
Recent past: I have just finished the report
I have not finished yet.
We often use, yet, still, just, recently with this type of sentences
If you are reporting something told by somebody in past tense.
Tip English

Jack said, "My wife went with me yesterday" ! Jack said his wife had gone with him the
week before.
Dave asked, "Where did you go last weekend?" ! Dave asked me where I had gone the
previous weekend
He said, "I have visted London twice." ! He said he had visited London twice.
He said, "I had already eaten." ! He said he had already eaten.
He said, "I must give Ken a call." ! He said he had to give Ken a call.
Jack said, "He must be guilty!" ! Jack said he must have been guilty.
vi) Present Perfect Continuous : Similar to Present Continuous;
Temporary situations, Unfinished situations, Repeated & continuous actions
viii) Future
For predictions - will, going to
eg., I think the Labour party will lose the next election
I think the Labour party are going to lose the next election.
If the prediction is based on current event use going to
eg., I think you are going to hit a car, if you drive like this.
For plans and arrangements - going to with the verb (or) present continuous
eg., I am going to take my exams next month.
He is visiting a client on Thursday
Unplanned future - If the decision is based on current speaking
eg., The phone is ringing, I will answer it
Schedules - Present Simple tense
eg., The plane leaves at 7.00 'o clock
eg., I leave to India next week.
This time in future - use will be doing
eg., Next week this time, I will be in London
finished events in future - will have done
eg., Tomorrow evening I will have done with this document
viii) Connecting different times
Past perfect Use to express an activity that happened before another past activity
past perfect past tense
eg., The movie had begun when we arrived
I had already left when he called
He had studied law before he met her
he studied law before he met her, but we don't know when.
Present Perfect present perfect
eg., I have lived here for two years
I started to live here two years ago and I still live here.
Future perfect eg., I will have finished the report before next week
some time before next week, but I don't know when.
b) Verbs that will take infinitive form(to ) in complement
Agree Ask decide expect
hesitat
e
learn need prepare refuse
threate
n
Appear Claim demand fail hope manage offer pretend seem wait
Arrange Consent
deserv
e
forget intend mean plan promise tend want
Example : Subject Verb Complement Object
Tip English

I agree to what you say
I decided to go tomorrow
He was expected to be here yesterday
c) Verbs that will take --ing form in complement
Admit
Complet
e
deny finish miss Recall suggest tolerate
Appreciat
e
Conside
r
discus
s
keep
postpon
e
Risk
recommen
d
understand
Avoid Delay enjoy mention quit Stop regret forbid can take -ing or
infinitive
Example :- Subject Verb Complement Object
He admits steeling the car
He considered not going
He enjoys drinking coffee.
d) Verb phrases that will take --ing form in complement
Approve of Be better
off
can't
help
think of Insist on object
to
keep
on
do not
mind
forget
about
Get through count on think
about
Look forward
to
e) Advise : had better
Had better is an idiomatic phrase meaning ought to, must.
Correct forms You had better take Chemistry 600 this semester
You had better not take less than 600 in Chemistry
this semester
Though had is a past form, it refers to future time in this pattern.
Incorrect forms You had better to take Chemistry 600 this semester
You had better not took less than 600 in Chemistry this
semester
You had better not taken less than 600 in Chemistry this
semester
You had better do not take less than 600 in Chemistry this
semester
avoid using, infinitive, or a past form of verb instead of verb.
avoid using, don't instead of not
f) Invitation and Customs : would and Do
For invitation use WOULD, + infintive Would you like to watch television now?
For customs use Do Do you watch television at home every day?
g) Preferences: would rather
Tip English

1st form: would rather + verb
I would rather drive.
avoid using an infintive or an -ing instead of verb drive.
2nd form: would rather + that + past
I would rather that you drove
avoid using present verb instead of past.
avoid using should and a verb word
3
rd
form : would rather + that + did not + verb
I would rather that you did not drive.
avoid using don't or does not instead of did not.
h) Unfulfilled desires of the past: had hoped
1st Form : had hoped + that + subject + would + verb
We had hoped that she would change her mind
avoid omitting would
We had hoped her changing her mind incorrect
2nd form : Subject WISH THAT Subject had/could have/would have participle
I wish that you had called yesterday
I wish that you could have called
yesterday
I wish that you would have called
yesterday
Though WISH is present, this pattern refers to desires in the past
3rd form : WISH custom/future
Subject WISH THAT Subject past verb/could + verb/would verb
I wish that you called every day
I wish that you could call tomorrow
I wish that you would call tomorrow
avoid using will instead of would
i) Contrary to fact statements & Wishes Wish & were
1
st
form: Present wishes are expressed in the past tense
WISH that perfect
Ralph wishes that he had $1000 (but he does not)
I wish that I joined (but I did not)
2nd
t
form: Use were in present wishes for to be.
Subject WISH that Subject were
I wish that the party was on Friday incorrect
I wish that the party were on Friday correct
avoid changing were to agree with the subject
He has often wished that he were older
3
rd
form : Past wishes are expressed in the past perfect
Subject WISH that Subject past perfect
Sita wishes that she had studied more English before arriving
in the US.
Kathy and Bob wish that they had gotten married before she went to Europe.
If Subject were
If the party were on Friday, we could go
avoid changing were to agree with the subject
j) Past custom: used to/am used to
I used to live in this town - correct
Tip English

I + BE + VERB + -ing
I am used to live in this town - incorrect ! I am used to living in this town -
correct
k) Verb subject pattern
negative auxiliary Subject Verb
Never have I seen so much snow
avoid using I before auxiliary
l) Conditions: if
1
ST
form: If + present form + present form
If you heat ice , it melts - here heat and melts are present tense
In this type of sentence WHEN can replace if
2
nd
form: If + present form + will, can or may
If it rains, it will be slippery.
3
rd
form: If + past form + would, could, or might
If I got a pay rise, I would buy a new car.
4
th
form: If + past perfect + would/might/could have + participle
If I had revised, I would have passed my exams
first part - did not happen
m) Impersonal expressions: it is
1
st
form: It is adjective infinitive
It is important to verif the data
essential/imperative/necessary
2
nd
form: It is adjective that Subject verb word
It is important that the data be verified
avoid using a present verb of a verb word
n) Subjunctives Verbs: ask/advise/demand/prefer/recommend/require/suggest/insist/urge
be necessary/be required/ be essential/be important
1
st
form: Subject Verb that Subject verb word
I prefer that I speak to him pesonally.
avoid using past or present form of verb
word
The doctor recommended that she have surgery
I suggested that he be ready on time
She asked that that all employees attend the meeting
The doctor advised that I go on a diet
The restaurant suggested that We arrive on time for our
reservation
It is important that money be collected for the event.
2
nd
form: noun that Subject verb word
The recommendation that we be evaluated was approved.
requirement avoid using a present or past verb
suggestion
o) Affirmative agreement : and/so
1
st
form: Subject BE/VERB , AND SO BE/DO SUBJECT
Tip English

They were surprised, and so were we
My wife talked to them, and so did I
avoid also
2
nd
form: Subject BE/VERB , AND Subject BE/DO SO
They were surprised, and we were so
My wife talked to them, and I did so
avoid be instead of do
p) Causatives get/let/help/make/had
1
st
form: Subject HAVE someone verb word
My English teacher had us give oral reports
avoid infintive or -ing
2
nd
form: Subject MAKE someone verb word
My English teacher made us take his assignment.
avoid infinitive or -ing
3
rd
form: Subject HAVE something participle
I want to have this book renewed, please
avoid infinitive or ing
4
th
form: LET someone verb word
Please Let me explore this
avoid infinitive or -ing
Verb Verb -ing to + verb Participle
GET Y N N Y
LET Y N N N
HELP Y Y Y N
Make/made Y N N N
Have/had
Followed by
Y N N Y
q) Negative agreement
1
st
form: Subject have/ participle/ and neither have/ Subject
do/be -ing form do/be
will not will
My roommate won't go, and neither will I
avoid I will
2
nd
form: Subject have/ participle/ and Subject have/ either
do/be -ing form do/be
will not will not
My roommate won't go, and I will not either
Please don't tell anyone. avoid using infinitive
Would you please not tell anyone, avoid using infinitive; avoid using don't instead
of not
r) Adjectives & Adverbs Remember(f,l,s,s,t)
Other than the below 5 senses, when something modifies a verb use adverb else use adjective
I run well. here run is verb well is adverb
I am good. here am is not verb so use good.
Senses like feel; look, seem, smell, taste take Adjective not Adverb
eg., I feel badly is wrong - ly adverb
Tip English

I feel bad
If it is health related good with feel is ok.
s) Logical Conclusions: must
a) Must be + -ing
b) Events that repeat ! Must + verb (no -ing)
c) Events in the past ! must have + participle
t) Pronouns
Possessive
pronouns
Subject pronouns Object pronouns Relative
pronoun
My -our
Your -your
her, his, its -
their
I - we
you - you
she, he, it - they
me - us
you - you
her, him, it - them
This/It is he
avoid using object
pronoun after the verb
BE
Preposition with object pronoun
among, of, between, to , for,
with, from
Avoid using subject pronoun
after preposition
u) Usage of article The
THE will not come before
Gods names, Sports names, Subject Names, Holiday names,
Peoples names, Titles, Planet Names, Countries with one word Names
Names of small bodies water like Lake and Pond, single mountain names,
the following words(Abstract noun)
Patience, Knowledge, self-confidence, Humility
Cardinal Numbers like One, Two, Three
Specific names of institutions Smith college
THE will come before
ONE and ONLY in the world like The world, The sun, The moon, The
Himalayas,
The Bible, The Gita
Names of large bodies of water The Indian Ocean, The Pacific
Names of Mountain ranges The Himalayas
Ordinal Numbers like the first, the second, the third
Plural family names like, The Smiths
Plural Nationality like The Chinese, The French,
Famous Documents or books The Constitution
Government/Political units The University of Nebraska
Superlatives The best, The quickest
Tip English

v) Comparatives
" Dont compare Apples and oranges. Compare a person to person; persons talent with another
persons talent; a group with a group; a place to a place; one quality to another quality.
" When comparing 2 things/persons use Comparative degree, instead of Superlative degree.
eg., Ramu is the most intelligent than Ravi. incorrect
Ramu is more intelligent than Ravi - correct
1
st
form: Verb the same as
I believe that this coat is the same as that one
avoid using to, that, or like instead of as
2
nd
form: multiple nos as much/many as
Fresh fruit costs twice as much as canned fruit
We have half as many as we need
avoid using more instead of as much as
3
rd
form: different from that
Football in the US is different from that of other countries
avoid using than instead of from
4
rd
form: distingush between X and Y
Distinguish between rice and wheat
avoid using from instead of and
5
th
form: Compare A to B - for similarities
Compare A with B - for differences
6
th
form: not but rather
Note: little, less, the least
Tip English

w) Count and Non count Nouns
i) Singular countable nouns WILL HAVE DETERMINERS (a, an, the, some, Murali's, 1, 2, 3) before it
Plural countable nouns are usually NOT preceded by DETERMINERS in general statements like
! Musicians must practice a great deal
! Newspapers contain a lot of information
Plural countable nouns are followed by The, when referring
! to something that has been referred before
! to something that is very obvious
like; The stars are shining brightly
The children are put to bed.
! before nationality(that ends with ch, sh, z); The French
! refer a group of people as a class. The blind; The rich
! Plural names and plural place names
The Smiths are living in this house.
I know the Harrsions for years
The United States, The British Isles, The Himalayas
ii) Non countable noun will not have determiners in general Statements like
! Butter is flattening
! Courage and honesty are admirable qualities
Non countable nouns are followed by The, when referring
! to something that has been referred before
eg., We were served bread and cheese. The bread was
tasty.
! to something that is very obvious
like; The weather , which means the local weather
The butter is hard, which means the butter inside
referigerator
The music means, the music that is playing
! The + non count noun + of (qualifying phrase)
! The + non count nound + which
vi) ALL + non count noun is followed by singular verb
ALL + ART + is + good
vii) SOME OF THE + count noun is followed by singular/plural verb accordingly
SOME OF THE + non count noun is followed by singular verb
viii) Much will be used for non countable nouns and it is singular
viii) See this link http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch15.html
and also http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/determiners/determiners_printout.htm
Tip English

II TO REMEMBER
English Prepositions
i) IN
spaces : in a room / in a building / in a garden / in a park
bodies of water : in the water / in the sea / in a river
lines : in a row / in a line / in a queue
Time/Season : in a century There have been many inventions in the twentieth century
in a year She left school in 1987
in a month He's leaving in January
in a season We usually go on holiday in summer
in a part of the day I'm leaving in the morning, not in the evening,
BUT at night
in the twenties
future period in a few weeks/ in a couple of days
Country / state / city : in India, in TN, in Madras
during or in is used to say when something happens
Muslims fast during / in Ramadan
It rained during / in the night
for is used to say how long something takes
She played tennis for an hour
mood : in doubt; in a hurry; in secret; in anger
member of : in that club; in the orchestra; in the navey; in that class
ii) ON
surfaces: : on the ceiling / on the wall / on the floor / on the table
small islands: : I stayed on Maui.
directions: : on the left /on the right / straight on
time : on a day The appointment is on Monday.
on a date I'm leaving on 12 December.
on a street
specific calendar days on Christmas day/ on October 22nd
on the weekend (American)
iii) AT
Tip English

specific places at the bus-stop /at the door /at the cinema /at the end of the street /at
work/ at home
exact addresses at 3711 Faulkner dr
places on a page at the top of the page /at the bottom of the page
groups of people at the back of the class /at the front of the class
for Christmas/Easter Christians celebrate at Christmas and at Easter.
Time at the weekend I play tennis at the weekend. (British)
at night I go to sleep at night.
at a time The appointment is at four o'clock in the afternoon."
phone no at 555-7234
condition at piece, at war; at rest
activity at play; at work
toward look at someone; wave at some one
ii) Place
Above (higher than) Look at the clock above the mantelpiece
Under or underneath he keys are under the mat.
Beneath old fashioned word to mean under)
Below (lower than) he chart below shows the annual figures.
It was below freezing last night.
Next to A is next to B in the alphabet.
between B is between A and C in the alphabet.
opposite The bank is opposite the supermarket. If you walk outside the bank,
you can see the supermarket in front of you, on the other side of the road.
across Walk across the road, to the other side.
round / around It's round the corner - you can't see it from here.
Note : We say 'in the corner of a room',
but 'at the corner (or 'on the corner') of a street'
We say 'in the front / in the back' of a car
but We say 'at the front / at the back' of buildings / groups of
people
but We say 'on the front / on the back' of a piece of paper
Donts
Dont use ON before exact address; like ON 511 SURFSIDE DR, #121 - Use at
instead
Dont use AT before addresses that dont have numbers - Use ON
instead
iv) Transport
on a train, a bus, a plane, a bicycle
get on / off a train / a bus / a plane / a bike
in a car
get in / out of a car
go by car / train / plane / bus
go on foot
Very useful site: http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch26.html
Tip English

II) Sentence Rules
Rule 1 : words like can, could, may, might, will, would
are not followed by to ! they are followed by - ing form
I will go to shopping - incorrect ! I will go shopping - correct
Rule 2 : a lot of / lots of
There are lot of people - incorrect ! There are a lot of people - correct
There are a lots of people - incorrect ! There are lots of people - correct
Rule 3 : Convince and persuade
convince is followed by that ! persuade is followed by to
Rule 4 :
prevented him from going - correct
prevented his going - correct
Rule 5 : prohibit &
forbid
prohibited from doing ! forbidden to
Rule 6 : THAT + .+ present
That she will win is almost certain
Rule 7 : between/among
Between - between two ! Among - three or more
Rule 8 : Despite/In spite of/Although
Despite - is followed by noun/pronoun/gerund. Despite is not followed by of
In spite of - is followed by noun/pronoun/gerund.
Although - is followed by verb.
Rule 9 : historic & historical
If something has a place in history, it is historic
If something has to do with the subject of history it is historical
Rule 10 :
ought/ought to
ought - negative
ought to - positive
Rule 11 : each other/one
another
Tip English

Use each other when two people or things are involved
Use one another when more than two people or things are involved.
each another and one other are bad and incorrect forms of this phrase
Rule 12 :
blame
blame in verb form (like blamed) should be followed by for not ON
If you use blame as noun ON is ok
Rule 13 :

Ramu has proposed both to Sita and Ramya - incorrect
Ramu has proposed both to Sita and to Ramya - correct
Rule 14 : have
to/had to
had to is past form of have to / must
Rule 15 : tell & say
tell Complement
He tells us how to do it
say
He says that how to do it
Rule 16 :
few/little/many/much
few and many will come before count nouns (books, friends, classes, dollars,
programs, seats)
little and much will come before non-count nouns (advice, information, hair, money,
homework, news)
Only a few dollars - correct ! Only few dollars -
incorrect
Avoid using few instead of a few
Only a little homework - correct ! Only little home work -
incorrect
Avoid using little instead of a little
When the question is How many ? use few ! When the question is How much ? use little
Rule 17 : Some and
Any
Any is used in questions for both count and uncountable - Do you have any milk in the refrigerator?
Any is used in negative sentences - He does not have any friends.
Some is used in answers - Yes there is some milk left.
Some is used in positive sentences - He has some friends.
Some is used in offering/request kind of questions - Would you like to have some
coffee?
Rule 18 : Rise &
Raise
a) Rise can not take an object rise rose risen
b) Raise must have an object raise raised raised
Complement/Object
He rises when the sun is up
The raised the water level
Tip English

Rule 19 : lie
& lay
a) lie wont take an object lie lay lain
b) lay must have an object lay laid laid
Rule 20 :
to/for
a) for + noun
b) to + verb
He moved to Newyork for getting a better job - incorrect
He moved to Newyork for a better job - correct
or
He moved to Newyork to get a better job - correct
Rule 21 :
singular/plural
Following are singular
anyone anything each either everyone everything neither
no one nothing what whatever whoever her his
its
Collective nouns are singular like;
audience class majority series faculty committee orchestra
staff band family grouop chorus public variety
police
prose
For these words use its. Dont use theirs
Phrases separated by and are plural, phrases separated by or are singular
NONE can be singular or plural
eg., If it means, none of it - singular
eg., If it means, none of them - plural
One of the
If that or who follows this, it is plural
eg., One of Authors says it is best - singular
eg., He is one of the authors who say it is best - plural
Neither/Either are singular when they appear with out their kick backs (nor, or)
eg., Either of the students is good
eg., Neither of the students passed
When Neither/Either is used with correlative conjunctions (NOR, OR), the subject that is closer
to the verb determines the number(singular are plural)
eg., Either the students or the teacher is telling the truth.
eg., Either the teacher or the students are telling the truth.
eg., Has either the president or his aides in touch with you
Have either the aides or the president in touch with you
Singular subjects separated by comma are singular like accompanied by, in addition to
eg., Ram, accompanied by his student, was at the conference.
eg., Ram, as well as Kumar , is good boy
A pair of is singular
Jeans are fashionable - plural
A pair of jeans is expensive. - singular
ii) These words are plural ! few, people, the rest, the staff, cattle
Tip English

Rule 22 : rather
than/instead of
These two are not replaceable with each other.
Rather than is followed by base form the verb. It is not followed by infinitive or gerund
e.g., I decided to skip lunch rather than eat in the cafeteria again - correct
I decided to skip lunch rather than to eat in the cafeteria again - incorrect
I decided to skip lunch rather than eating in the cafeteria again - incorrect
If you need to use ing use Instead of. If the purpose is to select between two things
use instead of.
Sooner than is equivalent of rather than
Rule 23 :
which/that
" That is used with out comma. Which is preceded by comma.
" Which is removed wont alter the sentence much.
That is essential in the sentence.
E.g., The clause which is hard to follow does not indicate which text is being
complained about.
Removing which will still convey the meaning that the phrase the textbook
refers to the text in Chemistry 101.
" That is used when it identifies a person or thing it refers about, like,
The house that Ram built has been torn down - that identifies the
house.
" Which is used when something is already identified and it gives some additional information
on it
The students in Chemistry 101 have been complaining about the textbook, which is
hard to follow.
" If the essential clause starts with that, those, this, these, use which to connect
Those ideas, which were discussed on Tuesday, will be put in the minutes-of-meeting.
Rule 25 :
meet/see
Meet is used when it is FIRST time
See is used from there onwards
Rule 24 :
hyphenate
Numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine are hyphenated
Compound color adjectives are hyphentated a red-gold sunset, a cherry-red sweater
When the element following a prefix is capitalized (anti-American) or when the element
preceding a suffix is a proper noun( America-like)
Rule 25 : command over/command of
He has good command over people who work under him - correct
He has good command over English language - incorrect
He has good command of English language - correct
Rule 25 :
Idioms
Avoid these errors Prefer these idioms Avoid these errors Prefer these idioms
Accede on, by Accede to Hope something Hope for something
Hope to do
something
Tip English

According According to Identical to Identical with
After now on From now on In Contrast of In Contrast with
Anxious of Anxious about In opinion Of the opinion
Approve for Approve of In the habit to In the habit of
Ashamed with Ashamed of Incapable to Incapable of
At the near future In the near future Independent from Independent of
Bored of Bored with Inferior with Inferior to
Capable to Capable of Knowledge on Knowledge of
Compete together Compete with Near to Near ; next to
Composed from Composed of On conflict In conflict
Concerned of Concerned with Opposite over Opposite
Conform with Conform to Prohibits sb to do Prohibits sb from
doing
Congratulate for Congratulate on Related with Related to
Conscious for Conscious of Respect of Respect for
Considered to be Considered Similar as Similar to
Discourage sb to do Discourage sb from
doing
So that to So as to
Effects in Effects on Substitute to Substitute for
Equal as Equal to Such like Such as
Ever since Since Surprised at Surprised by
Excepting for Except for up until Until
Exchange with Exchange for With regard of With regard to
Frown to Frown on
Glance Glance at/through
Rule 26 : Preposition
with Verbs
Verb Example Verb Example
Accuse sb of
sth
He accused her of stealing Listen to sb The students listened to their
teacher
Agree with
sb/sth
Agree to do
sth
Agree on sth
I agree with you.
She agreed to wait for him
We have agreed on all the major
points.
Look at sth
Look for sth/sb
Look after sb
Look at that view - it's
wonderful
I cant find my book will you
look for it?
I need to take a day off to look
after my mother?
Apply for I'm going to apply for a new
job.
Pay sb for sth Can you pay me for the shopping
later?
Apologize for
sth
She apologized for being late. Prefer sth to sth I prefer coffee to tea
Ask sb to do
sth
Ask sb for sth
She asked him to do the
shopping for her
She asked her boss for a day
off
Protect sb from
sth
A scarf will protect you from
the cold
Believe in I believe in hard work Provide sb with
sth
The state provides low-income
families with affordable housing
Belong to This pen belongs to me Regard sb as She regarded her sister as her
best friend
Blame sb for
doing sth
He blamed her for driving too
fast
Rely on sb/sth Can I rely on you to get the
shopping?
Blame sth on
sb
He blamed the accident on her Search sb/sth for The police searched the building
for bombs
Borrow sth
from sb
He borrowed some money from the
bank
Spend money/time
on
I spent all my money on books as
a student
Care about sth
Care for sb
I don't care about the money -
it's the principle that matters
She really cares for her
Think about
sb/sth
I think about you all the time
They thought about the problem
and found a solution
Tip English

grandmother.
Take care of
sb/sth
Please take care of yourself on
holiday
Think about/of
doing sth
I'm thinking about / of buying a
new car
Complain to sb
about sth
He complained to the manager
about the bad customer service
Think of sth I've just thought of a new idea.
Concentrate on
sth
The student concentrated on her
homework
Translate from
sth into sth else
Don't translate from English
into your own language all the
time
Congratulate
sb on doing
sth
Her father congratulated her on
passing her exam
Wait for sb I waited an hour for him, then
went home
Consist of sth The department consists of five
people
Warn sb about The doctor warned her about the
dangers of smoking
explain sth to
sb
The manager explained the new
system to the staff
Depend on sb She depended on her friends.
Rule 27 : Incorrects forms and correct
forms
Incorrect Correct
A good person does not boast for his victory A good person does not boast of his
victory
A group of people were standing on the road A group of people was standing on the road
A pen is mightier than a sword The pen is mightier than a sword
A rolling stone gather no mass A rolling stone gather no moss
All of my brothers live in India All My brothers live in India
Almighty is merciful The Almighty is mercifl
Antony declared his love for Cleopatra Antony declared his love to Cleopatra
Anxious to go Anxious about going
Anyways, Basicaly Anyway, Basically
As far as As far as is concerned
As of yet As yet
As soon as I will find an apartment As soon as I find an apartment
Charles was crowned as King of France Charles was crowned King of France
Citizens obey to the law Citizens obey the law
Cows feed with grass Cows feed on grass
Dont get panic Dont panic
Each and everyone Everyone
Early rising is good for health Early rising is good to health
Everyone should show their tickets Everyone should show his tickets
Five Kilometers are a great distance to walk Five kilometers is a great distance to
walk
From tomorrow onwards, we shall do homework From tomorrow, we shall do homework
Give attention to your work Pay attention to your work
good in heart Good at heart
Tip English

He acted with my suggestion He acted upon my suggestion
He arrived early so that to get a seat He arrived early so as to get a seat
He called in me yesterday He called on me yesterday
He has been appointed as a peon He has been appointed a peon
He is a coward boy He is a cowardly boy
He is authority for Indian philosophy He is authority on Indian philosophy
He is elder to me He is elder than me
He is in night duty He is on night duty
He is relation to me He is relation of me
He is taller than me He is taller than I
He observed a fast He fasted
He wants to take photograph with me He wants to photographed with me
He was operated for ulcers He was operated upon ulcers
His grand father is died His grand father has died.
How long can you walk in 3 hours How far can you walk in 3 hours
How long was the statement true How far was the statement true
I know to drive I know driving
I am disgusted of city life I am disgusted with city life
I am pleased in accepting your offer I am pleased to accept your offer
I am quickly cured from cold I am quickly cured of cold
I arrived Madras on July 27
th
I arrived Madras on July the twenty-
seventh
I believe in you I believe you
I bought this table in an auction I bought this table at an auction
I congratulate for your achievement I congratulate on your achievement
I consider him as a fool I consider him a fool
I got a prize in lottery I got a prize in a lottery
I have an urgent business I have some urgent business
I have applied for the post of a typist I have applied for the post of typist
I have been awaithng for you I have been awaiting you
I have done many goods to the people I have done many good deeds to the people
I have no issues I have no issue
I have no liking to cards I have no liking for cards
I have no prejudice regardingyou I have no prejudice against you
I have ordered for a Dosa I have ordered a Dosa
I have used all my leaves. I have used all my leave
I heard this news from a friend I heard this news through a friend
I hope you will succeed at your task I hope you will succeed in your task
I invested on share marked I invested in share market
I left smoking I gave up smoking
I must send reply for your letter I must spend reply to your letter
I prayed to God I prayed to the God
I prefer a serous play than humorous one I prefer a serious play to a humorous one
I request you to kindly grant me leave for I request you kidly grant me leave for
I shall attend the function without failure I shall attend the function without fail
I want to drink a tender coconut I want to drink some tender coconut
I was surprised by your behaviour I was surprised at your behaviour
I will join with you I will join you
I will speak with my son about this. I will speak to my son about this
I will think on the matter I will think about the matter
I wish that my desire will fulfill I wish that my desire will be fulfilled
I work 5 hours in a day I work 5 hours a day
I would appreciate if I would appreciate it if
I write with Indian ink I write in Indian ink
In the two subjects I am studying, I find
Economics the easiest
In the two subjects I am studying, I find
Economics the easier
Is your going to Madras depend upon money Does your going to madras
It is easy to find fault in others It is easy to find fault with others
It is of no use doing this It is no use doing this
It is years since I seen him It is years since I saw him
Kindly bear on me for the delay Kindly bear with me for the delay
Leela promised to come on today Leela promised to come today
Let us go to office Let us go to the office
Magics magic
Mary is the tallest of the two girls Mary is the taller of the two girls
Money should go to the needful Money should go to the needy
My brother has cut the finger My brother has cut his car
Tip English

My brother returned quick My brother returned quickly
My classmate accused me for cheating him. My classmate accused me of cheating him
My daughter is fond to play My daughter is fond of playing
My father gave me good advices My father gave me good advice
My father has been discussing about the matter My father has been discussing the matter
My father was angry against me My father was angry with me
My friend is a man of helpful nature My friend is a man of helping nature
My mother spoke loudly in the house My mother spoke aloud in the house
My teach gave me many good advices My teacher gave me much good advice
Oil is good to burns Oil is good for burns
Our team won over the Kerala team Our team defeated the Kerala team
Our travel to Delhi was tedious Our journey to Delhi was tediou
Out of seven questions, I attended two Out of seven questions, I attempted two
Rahim is a cheater Rahim is a cheat
Sceneries Scenery
Several of my clothing has been damaged Some of my clothing has been damaged
She is a virtuous woman She is a woman of virtues
She is a voluminous writer She is a prolific writer
She is accomplished with music She is accomplished in music
She is afflicted by cancer She is afflicted with cancer
She is allergic for sweets She is allergic to sweets
She pretends as a rich woman She pretends to be a rich woman
She stick to nothing She stick at nothing
She told him to leave at 10 pm She told him that he should leave at 10pm
She was impressed by my speech She was impressed with my speech
Sita married to my brother Sita married my brother
Smoke spreaded Smoke spread
Staffs Staff
The car was going with high speed The car was going at high speed
The cattle is grazing in the field The cattle are grazing in the field
The charity begins at home Charity begins at home
The cost of this pen is $1 The price of this pen is $1
The dog barked on the thief The dog barked at the thief
The Earthquake caused many damages The earthquake caused much damage
The Everst is a tall peak The Eversest is a high peak
The factory bought some new machineries The factory bought some new machines
The fruit tastes bitterly The fruit tastes bitter
The lawyer did not come yet The lawyer has not come yet
The man is a social animal Man is a social animal
The man should love the nature Man should love nature
The nation admired at his courage The nation admired his courage
The news spreaded throught the world The news spread through out the wourld
The officer has sent words to me The officer has sent word to me
The owood cutter felled the tree by a sharp axe The wood cutter flled the tree with a
sharp axe
The patient was operated in for cancer The patient was operated on for cancer
The police were searching the missing thief The police were searching for the missing
thief
The population of Banalore is more than Mysore The population of Bangalaore is more than
of Mhsore
The price depends upon the quality The price depends on the quality
The reason why I hate him because he is a rogue The reason why I hate him is that he is a
rogue
The river flows below the bridge The fiver flows under the brdige
The scissor belong to me The scissors belong to me
The sun ripened the fruit The sun has ripened the fruit
The tabels leg is broken The leg of the table is broken
The tea is very strongly The tea is very strong
The trouser is new The trousers are new
Ther is a large number of students here The are a large number of studnts here
Ther is no place in this compartment There is no room in this comparment
There is no solution for this problem There is no solution to this problem
There is no use to cry over spoilt milk There is no use crying over spoilt milk
These candidates have appeared in the exam These candidated have appeared for the
exam
These things are belong to me These things belong to me
They acclaimed him as king They acclaimed him king
This book is key for This book is key to
Tip English

This is a convenient house to live This is a convenient house to live in
This is an extract taken from This is an extract from
This is one of best Hotel This is one of the best hotels.
This is the most ideal hotel This is an ideal hotel
Three kilos of sugar cost 30 rs Three kilos of sugar costs 30 rs
Two and Two makes four Two and Two make four
Two boys are absent in the class Two boys are absent from the class
We accompanied him till the station We accomponied him upto the station
We climbed the peak inch by inch We climbed the peak by inches
We listened his lecture We listened to his lecture
We made him as our captain We made him our captain
We repeat what he has taught to us We repeat what he taught us
We should all aim for the first rank We should all aim at the first rank
We should not enroach the rights of other We should not encroach upon the rights of
others
We will discuss about politics to day We will discuss politics to day
What are you heading for What are you heading to
What is he looking What is he looking for?
Whom do you wish to speak? Whom do you wish to speak to ?
Would you please don't tell Would you please not tell
You must attend on your duties Your must attend to your duties
Rule 28 : phrases and
meaning
Phrases Meaning Phrases Meaning Phrases Meaning
Rack up Score
Acting up Behave badly,
misbehavior
Fed up Bored Raise up Boost
Add up Count Feel up Check for weapons Ring up Make a call
Back up Make stronger Follow-
up
Continuation (eg :-
follow-up to my previous
note)
Roll up Accumulate
Bang-up Superior Give up Allow admit vittu
koduthal
Round up Bring
together
Beat up Abuse Grown up Mature Screw up Make a
mistake
Beef up Strengthen Hold up Strength Send up Find guilty
Blow up Explode Hang up Cutting the telephone
conversation
Shoot up Give a shot
Break up Dissect Join up Enroll recruit Shape up Follow the
rules
Break it
up
Stop the fight
disperse
Keep up Carry on Show up
Build up Establish Knock
down
Defeat destroy demolish Soak up Digest
Bugged up Irritated Knock up Make pregnant Speak up
Buck him
up
Cheer him, give him
encouragement
Spit up Vomit
Button up Be quiet Lick up Drink noisily Stand up Endure
Calls up Attracts Lift up Stick up Look down at
Clear up Acquire more light Light up This is a
stick up
Robbery
Come up Line up Assemble arrange Stuck up Proud
Conjure up Imagine Look up See, talk Sum up Calculate
Cook up Prepare; fabricate Made up Fabulous Take up Adopt
Cry up Praise Make up Style Tear up Cut to pieces
Cut up Chop Mess up Disorder Turn up Occur
Chin up Have courage Mix up Mistake Use it up Consume all
of it
Clammed up Became silent Pick up Used up Used
completely
Cough it
up
Give it to us Pull off Work up Produce
Tip English

Crop up Happen Pull
over
Write up Promote
Dig up Expose, not covered Pull up Stop Workout Tryout
Do up Bend back Push up Work out Resolve
Dry up Quiet Put up Accommodate Working
on
Eat up Whipped
up
Agitated
Rule 29 : Tips
i) for the reason, should not be used to mean because/since.
on account of should not be used to mean because/since
Being that is incorrect to mean because/since
ii) Due to should not be used to mean since/because
Due to should go along with noun not verb
Example The concert was canceled due to the rain - in
correct
The cancellation of the concert was due to the rain - correct
vi) Since can be used to mean because. Make sure the meaning is not confused.
vii) Lighted and lit can be used
viii) Gerund (-ing) if preceded by a noun or pronoun, that pronoun must be possessive form
e.g:- I appreciate you coming to dinner - in correct
I appreciate your coming to dinner - correct
than, as if followed by a pronoun, it must be subject form like I, she, he, they
ix) onward, downward, forward, backward, upward, Toward - are not suffixed with s
x) all right is correct form
alright is informal form dont use it in exams.
xi) therefore, however, thus, also, in addition, otherwise, instead, as a result , meanwhile, on the
other hand, consequently will take semicolon before it and a comma after it, if they joine two
clauses
Example: ; therefore,
xii) Even though can not be used with unreal conditions like, Even though were
Even if can be used
Tip English

xiii) Hopefully does not mean, it is hoped. So dont use that to mean it is hoped.
Use it is hoped instead.
Hopefully CAN NOT modify a sentence, it can modify only a word.
xiv) Doubt whether is non standard
xv) Irregardless is incorrect
xvi) Speak to is to tell them
Speak with is to discuss something with them
xvii) Looked like can not be used to mean appeared
xviii) It is difficult to say, but I would guess
I am not really sure, but I think
Above two should be considered as two phrases
xix) Such as means for example
xx) WITH should not be used to mean along with or by means of
Eg., With the intricacy of the Tale of Genji's depiction - in correct
Given the intricacy of the depiction in the Tale of Genji are - correct
xxi) When you mean to refer "the bark of a tree" use "THE BARK"
"a bark " will mean "a bark of a dog"
IV MISCELLANEOUS
a) what they say and what they mean
What they say What they mean What they say What they mean
He is set about Get started It is a piece of cake It is easy
It did not add up Did not make sense He had a brain storm A brilliant idea
I am going great guns Progress is
excellent
He is on a toot He is drunk
He is green He is jealous What could top this Be better than this
Stick around Stay here or near Don't smooth talk me Don't fool me
Every now and then Occassionally He is a snake in the
grass
Treacherous person
His number is up He will die It is a snap It is easy
He has butterflies in
his stomach
Anxious and fearful
(Troubled feeling)
His hands are full He is busy
Much obliged Thank you Hang on Wait
That is old hat Out of date Hang around Stay here
He is her old flame Former lover That their hangout Gathering place
He is on the beam He is right Hang loose Be patient
How did it wind up How did it end Let us hang it up Quit
This wraps it up This ends it Hang up Delay
He is a cut up He is silly So long Farewell
We'll back him up Support him I smell a rat Situation is
suspicious
It is balled up Confused He is a real shoe He is a gentle man
He goofed up Made serious errors Shak a leg Hurry
He is up beat He is confident Roll out Start moving
He went belly up He went bankrupt,
failed
He is chasing rainbows Pursuing vague schemes
They had a blow up Bad disagreement Stay put Remain where you are
Bottoms up Empty your glass We are in a pickle We are in trouble
Let us figure it up Total it Blue ribbon group Prestigious
It will fold up Fail, quit It is on the qt It is secret
Gear up Prepare yourself I'll pop the question Propose marriage
Heads up Alert, be careful Quick and dirty Rushed , improvised
Tip English

This is a hold up Robbery I pass I won't participate ,
NO
He is hopped up Very excited HE IS A YES MAN He always agrees
He is laid up Ill Zilch Notching
Lighten up, Relax He zonked out Went into deep sleep
Live it up Enjoy yourself He is a live wire A very active person
Jack up Increase the prices We got whipped Defeated
Mix up Mess, confuse Say when Tell me when to stop
filling your glass
Pipe up Say what you have to
say
He went bonkers He went crazy
Pull up Stop, wait It is off the top of my
head
I'm just guessing
Up beat Enthusiastic
OFF phrase Meaning He is two faced Disloyal
I am off I am leaving Break it up Dispense
Back off Move away They had a blow up Bad disagrremnt
He is off base He is wrong They snuck up on us Approached secretly
He is off beat Unusual Worm's eye view Low level perspective
He bit my head off Severly criticised
me
Bird's eye view High level perspective
Bug off Go away It is a toss up Uncertain
Call it off Cancel it He on his toes Alert, active
He will carry it off Succeed He is square Not current, very
formal
Cast off Get move We are on the spot We are under trouble,
It was off color Improper He is sppofing us He is fooling us
It did not come off
as expected
Disappointement Let get spliced Married
Things dropped off Became quiet Somehow or another In some way
Finisht it off Eat , use it all So far so good Right until now
kill it off I am afraid so That is the situation
get off it Stop that nonsense,
don't act that way
Take the plunge Get started
I work my butt of I work hard We are on his tail We are followign him
finish him off Kill him All of a sudden With out warning
get off your butt Start moving He needs as square meal Good meal
head them off Intercept, divert
them
He eats 3 squares a day He eats well
get off my back Stop bothering me Snap to Pay attention
he will get off Charges will be
dropped, he will
escape punishment
I put the monkey on his
back
I gave the
responsibility
it will never get off
the ground
It will never start It is a real Mccoy It is genuine
he is goof off Good for nothing
person
Meat head Fool
let us goof off Stop work and have
fun
It is a lulu Extraordinary
my hat is off to you Congratulate you It will give it a go Try it
Hold off Wait, keep your
distance
He flunked He failed
set off Start a journey Have at it Try it, do it
We'll hold tHem off Delay their arrival By and large Generally
We're off the hook No longer
responsible
It is jerry built Poorly constructed
When is the kick off When is the start,
when is the
beginning
Queerfish Strange person
When did he kick off When did he die Stonge broke With out money
Knock it off Stop it, quit doing
it
Pull out all the stops Make a full effort
Lay off Terminated He is a funk Male with fine figure
He is off his noodle He is crazy Take a hand Join us
It is a pay off Payment fully He is over his head Beyond his capacities
or experiment
We'll pay them off Bribe them Get back at him Have revenge
They pull it off Succeed Keep back Stay where you are
Tip English

He was put off Delayed He is in our back
pocket
We control him
It is a rip off Very bad bargain,
unethical profit
He is a bean pole Very tall fellow
We will run him off We will chase him
away
Le me BE Leave me as I am
We'll see him off Seay farewell to him It's off beat Uncommon
He is a show off He likes to disply
his abilities
He is a dead beat Does not pay his bills
I will sign off End my session or
broadcast
Stop beefing Stop complaining
Take off Leave, go He is a bone head Ignorant, stupid
They will stand them
off
Resist them He is a knuckle head Stupid
I told him off I gave him my views
in strong term
He laid an egg He failed
He will toss off his
illness
Recover quickly We have crossed the
brdige
We have mdade the
decision
He is off the wagon He is drinking again The jury is still out No decision yet
He is well off Wealthy He is stewed He is drunk
He has got Has them possession He was snockered He is drunk
He has gotten Acquired or obtained
them
He has a snoot full He is drunk
Drop He is knocked He is drunk
It is a drop in the
bucket
Very small amount Stick to your guns Maintain your position
I will drop by Come to see you Level with us Tell the truth
He has the drop on us He has the advantage
over us
On the level Is that true
He dropped the ball He lost the
opportunity
Died in harness Died while working
Things dropped off Became quiet Run that by me repeat what you said
asas turn my stomach makes me sick
as neat as a pin very neat, clean and
orderly
bakers dozen 13 numbers
as plain as the nose
on your face
quite obvious a) testing the waters;
b) trial baloon
c) feelers
knowing the opinion of
people before you go
and do it for real
as clear as mud not clear ; not easy
to understand
working yourself into a
lather
working very hard
as tight as the bark
of the tree
very stingy fuddy-duddy individual with old
fashioned idesas and
attitude
as tough as nails strong and hardy walking papers laying off
he is frosty he is unfriendly high off the hog
rides the gravy train
individual who leads a
luxurious life
b) Expressions to say
Friendly HELLO Friendly GoodBye YES "GOD" Toilet
How have you
Hi partner
What is cooking
What is happening
What is up
How is it going
Look who is here
Long time no see
What gives
What is good word
Put her here
How is it tricks
I am checking out
Farewell
Must run
Have a good on
I am out of here
I am off
See you in the funny
papers
You all come back
Your bet; You betcha,
Ill buy that
Check, I check on that
I concur
Darn; You got it
Granted
Roger
It works for me
Yup; yeah
You can say that against
well
Way to go; Why not
Great guns
In heavens
name
Holy cats
Holy moses
Holy smokes
How cow
Heavens above
So help me
In his name
Head
Can
Commode
The
facilities
Jiffy
John
Outhouse
Powerroom
Water closet
Biffy
UnFriendly
Goodbye
Amazement&frustration Unfriendly Hello HELL NO
Drop dead
Hit the Road
Hit the trail
Get going
Ah come on
For the love of mike
Good heavens
Holy hell
Look what the cat
dragged in
Blast
Son of a gun
What the devil
Oh heck
Not in my
book
I pass
Drop dead
Tip English

Get lost
Blow
Beat
On your horse
Shove off
Take a hike
Take a powder
Holy moses
Oh sucks
My foot
Merry me
What in the Sam hill
You are kidding
What on earth
Oh boy
To heck with
you
Tarnation
Ill swear
Get lost
Nope
No deal
Nix
Not on your
life
Nothing
doing
No way! No
Nuts
Thumbs down
Other language words used in English
British American British American British American
Maize Corn Apart from Aside from Pitch Field
Jam Jelly At school In school Very Real
Aeroplane Airplane Have got Have Bath Tub
Aluminium Aluminum Have not got Do not have Biscuit Cookie
Maths Math In hospital In the
hospital
Adrenalin Epinephrine
Railway Railroad In the
street
On the street Bring up Raise
Windscreen Windshield Village Small town Curtains Drapes
Sport Sports A bit A little Draught Checkers
Fortnightly Couple of
weeks
Nearly Almost Dressing
gown
Bathrobe
Waistcoat Vest Ought Should Dustbin Trashcan
Packet Pack of cards Certainly Sure Lift Elevator
A quarter to
5
a quarter of
5
Match Game Pavement Sidewalk
A qtr after
5
a quarter
past 5
Side Team Rise in pay Increase in
pay
An appetizer A starter Holiday Vacation
Spanish Barbecue, plaza, stampede, enchilada, alligator, marijuana,
stevedore
Dutch waffle, cookie, sleigh, boss, sppok
Africa zombie, okra
German loafer, semester, hamburger
Native American caucus
e) Groups and Collections
Groups a pride of lions
a school of fishes/whales/dolphins
a flock of sheep
a pack of wolves
a gaggle of geese
Collection of coins and medals - numismatics
of books - bibliophily
of teddy bears - arctophily
of key rings - copoclephily
f) Characters of a person
She is arrogant
argumentative
assertive - being confident about oneself
bashful - shy
big-headed, - thinking clever and important
Tip English

conceited - - do-
bossy - telling the people what to do always
canny - clever and knowing how to do things
capricious - changing mind suddenly
catty - saying nasty or spitful things about others
cheeky - being rude
It was a bit cheeky of him to ask for money after he told me he earned a lot himself.
conscientious - doing things with care and attention
coy about - pretending to be shy
docile - quiet and submissive
dogmatic - never questioning and wanting to accept your
ideas
domineering - trying to control other people
extroverted - outgoing and lively
fickle - changing your mind and unpredicatable
full of himself - being proud
fussy about - only liking certain things
grumpy - in bad mood
picky about - only liking certain things or people
quick-tempered - getting angry quickly
scatter-brained - someone who forgets things easily
g) Crime and justice
acquit - not guilty
hearsay - hear from someone, but don't know whether it is true or not
Old Bailey - famous law courts in London where serious crimes are tried
plaintiff - somone who takes a person to court and brings a legal action against them
diminished responsibility - when someone cannot be held responsible because they are mentally ill
unsafe conviction - found guilty because the evidence was wrong or the witness did not tell
the truth
h) Idioms
Color idioms
Feeling blue feeling unhappy
out of the blue Completely unexpected
to see red to become extremely angry:
When people are cruel to animals, it really makes me see red."
a red letter
day
a day of great importance.
It's a red letter day tomorrow in the company. It's our fiftieth birthday!
Paint the town
red
to celebrate:
They went out last night and really painted the town red-they didn't come home
until 5 a.m.
in the red Overdrawn:
It's the end of the month and we're in the red again. We have to control our
spending better
Green fingers to be a good gardener
Green politics Environmental politics: "He's in green politics and often campaigns to fight
pollution.
in black &
white
to be extremely clear:
This contract is in black and white: we aren't allowed to keep any pets in this
house.
Black spot a dangerous spot: "This roundabout is a black spot for traffic accidents.
Black and blue to be badly bruised: "When she fell off her bicycle, she was black and blue for
days.
White Christmas when it snows at Christmas
Whitewash to cover up the truth white wash.
a Grey area something which is not definite or black and white:
Tip English

Grey matter brain
Animal idioms
Cat's whiskers

to think you are the best: "He thinks he's the cat's whiskers!"
Let the cat out
of the bag
tell a secret: "He shouldn't have told her about the party - he's let the cat out
of the bag now.
to have kittens

to panic: "The way he was driving, I was having kittens."
The bee's knees think you're the best (like the cat's whiskers): "He behaves as if he's the bee's
knees."
From the
horse's mouth
to get information from the original source: "Who told you they were getting
married?" "I got it from the horse's mouth."
a memory like
an elephant
to have an excellent memory
Pigs might fly! something is as unlikely as pigs being able to fly
Have
butterflies in
your stomach
to be very nervous about something: "Don't worry about her - she's got butterflies
in her stomach - it's her driving test today."
Till the cows
come home
to do something for ever: "I can tell him til the cows come home not to take a
short cut over the fence, but he never listens."
Take the bull
by the horns
to face a problem and take action: "Well, I'm going to take the bull by the horns
and tell him that I've changed my mind."
Get someone's
goat
to annoy someone: "It really gets my goat when she criticises him - it's not as if
she's perfect herself."
a loan-shark someone who lends money at high interest rates: "Don't borrow money from him -
he's a complete loan-shark."
Like a fish out
of water
to feel very uncomfortable in a particular situation: "He feels like a fish out of
water in a suit - he much prefers wearing jeans."
With your tail
between your
legs
to feel guilty or ashamed: "He told us all that he was leaving, then he came back
ten minutes later with his tail between his legs."
in the dog-
house
When you know that someone is angry with you: "I'm in the dog-house, I'm afraid. I
forgot to do the shopping, and now we don't have any milk."
The lion's
share
Most of something: "She did the lion's share of the housework."
in the lion's
den
in a dangerous place: "Having an interview with them was like going into the
lion's den. There were ten of them and they asked me some very difficult
questions."
GMAT idioms
Based on Fascinated by Range from X to Y
A debate over Both X and Y Forbid X to do Y Regards as
A lot Believe X to be Y contrast to Regardless
A responsibility to Centers on Independent from Responsible for
A result of Concerned with Indifferent toward Resulting in
A sequence of Conform to Modeled after Retroactive to
Accede to Created with No more than/no less
than
So(adjective) that
Advised of Defined as More than ever Subscribe to
Agree with Depends on whether Neither nor Such ..as
Agreement on Depicted as Not only..but also The same to X as to
Y
As an instance of Different from/differ from Not so much .. as To contrast X with Y
As good as/or better
than
Distinguishes between X
and Y
Obsessed with
Obsessed by
To mistake X for Y
As great as Distinguish from Prohibits X from
doing Y
To result in
As much as Doubt that Potential to To sacrifice X for Y
Attend to(some one) Either or So X as in Y X as to be Y
Attribute X to Y/
X is attributed to Y
Enable to
Tip English

j) Vocabulary
Word's Meaning Word's Meaning
a priori Based on theory Inordinate immoderate
Abaft On or toward the rear of a ship Inquisitor One who inquires
Abase To humble; disgrace; to lower in
rank
Insatiable That can not be satisfied
Abash To embarrass Inscrutable Mysterious
Abatement A reduction or decrease Insomnia Sleepless disorder
Abbess Mother superior Instigate Provoke
Abdicate Relinquish; give up; abandon;
retire
Instill Pour drop by drop; implant;
introduce gradually
Aberrant A typical not normal; not
following the regular pattern
Interlard Intermixture
Aberration Deviation; from what is expected Intermittent Not continuous
Abet Help somebody to commit a crime Intimidate make somebody to do by threatening
Abeyance Temporary suspension Intricate Complicate; difficult
Abhor Feel hatred and disgust;
repugnance
Introspection Self examination
Abide Tolerate; endure; wait patiently
for
Intrusive act of intruding
Abide by Accept ; obey; stick to Inundated flooded
Abject Miserable; pitiful; existing in a
low condition
Invariably Always the same, constant
Abjure Promise or swear to give a belief;
give up formally
Invidious Likely to cause resentment or
animosity
Ablution Act of washing or cleaning the
body
Invigorate Strengthen
Abnegate Denial; reject, surrender; Kennels a shelter for a dog or cat
Abolish End of existance Knave mad or mischievous
Abolitionis
t
Person who tried to eliminate
slavery
Labyrinth complicated network of passage
Abominable Unpleasant; disgusting; hateful Lambaste hit hardly
Abominate To hate completely Lament Grieve, mourn
Abortive Fruitless
Aboveboard Honest; open; not deceitful Latent Hidden
Abreast Side by side Lateral Side to side
Abrogate Eliminate by authority League Associate
Absolve Take the blame away from a person Lectern Furniture used to place notes and
people talk standing behind that
Abstemious Not indulging to things that are
pleasurable; moderate habits
Lethargic weak, dull, not active
Abut Common boundary; touching side by
side
Leverage power, effective
Accede Show approval at; take in-charge Litigate Law suite, legal
Accentuate Intensify; emphasize; make very
noticeable
Livid Being angry
Acclaim Praise Logistics Game plan
Acclaim Welcome with approval; hail or
salute as something; acknowledge
the greatness
Loquacious Wordy; excessive talk
Accolade Praise Louts Vulgar man with bad manners
Accost Approach somebody and talk
aggressive violent way
Lucrative Profitable
Accredit Trust; believe; give authority to Lucid clear; transparent
Accretion Gradual increase in size Lucubrate Laborious study or meditation
Acerbic Sour; sharp; bitter in taste;
attitude or tone
Lurking Pathungi iruthal(T)
Acidulous Bitter taste Lycanthropic Werewolf
Acme Highest point Lycosidae Spiders, fast running
Acquiesces Agree with out protest Mahogany Tree with hard reddish brown colour
Acrid Unpleasantly harsh, bitter in tone Maladaptive inadequate adaptation
Acrimonious Corroding ; spoiling Malady Illness
Acrimony Bad feeling; hatred between people Malediction Curse
Acuity Accuracy; keenness Malevolence malicious behavior; harmful
Tip English

influence
Acumen Quickness in judgement; good
judgment
Mar Injure or damage
Acute Accurate perception Maternal Mother side
Adage Old saying or expression Mayhem Rowdy disorder
Adept An expert Meritorious Deserving praise or reward
Adjudicate Adjudge; give judgement Miniscule A tiny bit; iota;
Adjunct Helper; additional thing Mitigate Reduce
Admonish Warning or serious advice Morass low-lying area
Ado Trouble Morbid Look like sick; gruesome
Adrift Driving by wind or water; loose
unfastened
Morgue Place where bodies are kept until
identification
Adroit Skillful Moribund Approaching death; becoming
obsolete
Adulation Excessive praise or flattery Mortgagee Bank
Adumbrate Give only a slight idea; describe
incompletely
Mortgagor Person
Adversary Enemy Motley Mixed
Aegis Shield Muddle Jumble
Aerie An elevated often secluded
building or dwelling, strucutre
Mutilate Cut off the limb
Aetiology Study of causes of diseases Myriad a big number
Affable Friendly Nag Scold
Affected Trying to act smart but not really
one
Nebulous Vague; unclear
Affiliate Attach Necromancy Black magic
Affinity Relationship; inclination Necrophilia obsessive fascination with the dead
Affluent Plenty Nepotism Favor to relatives and friends
Affront Obvious insult to a person Nifty Smart, clever, efficient
Aggrandize Exaggerate; to increase in power
or influence ; extend
Notion Belief
Aggrieve To hurt; to harm Novice Inexperienced beginner
Agile Able to move quickly Nuances Subtle differences in meaning
Alacrity Ayuthemana(T), ready state Obliterate erase; wipe out
Alchemy Magical science Oblivion Asatai(T)
Alleviate More bearable Obstinate Adamant, stubborn
Allusion Indirect reference Occidental Westerner; Occident the west
Altruism Unselfish behavior Ominous Threatening
Alzheimer Disorder that makes memory
inefficient
Onychophagia Practice of biting one's nails
Amorphous Not organized, not a definite
shape
Oppressive Burdensome
Amputate In medical grounds cut off the
limb
Opprobrium Something that brings disgrace and
shame
Analogy Similarity Orally Spoken
Animosity Hostility, enmity Orderly Hospital attendant
Anomalous Different from normal; irregular Ornate Showy, flashy
Antagonism Active opposition hostility Outfit an association
Antecedent Thing or circumstance that comes
before the other
Outlive Live longer than
Antecedents Ancestors Outwitting Outsmart
Anthropolog
y
Study of mankind and customs,
beliefs
Oxymoron Contradictory words coined together
to form an rhetorical effect;
plural is Oxymora
Antonym of oxymoron is pleonasm
Antipathy Repugnance Pagan on has no religion
Apathy Akkaraiinmai(Tamil) Paleobotany Study of fossil plants
Appalling Dismay; cause to loose enthusiasm Palpable Capable of being touched or felt
Appease To calm; satisfy
The apple did not appease my
hunger
Panacea Solutions to all problems
Apposite Apt Paradigm Example that serves as a model
Apprehend Capture; understand Paraphernalia Things that belong to
Apprehensiv
e
Fearful; hesitant Parleys Conversation or meeting with a
enemy
Arable Land fit for cultivation Parrot person who repeats an action of
another
Tip English

Arbitrary Not good; illogical Parsimonious Frugal
Arboreal Resembling or inhabiting on trees Passion powerful emotion; desire;
enthusiasm
Arduous Difficult; laborious Pastoral Country life
Arid Lacking moisture
Ascendance Domination Paternal Father side
Ascertain Find out Patronage Support
Assert Express Pavonine Resembling a peacocks tail or
color
Assimilate Absorb in to the mind; become
absorbed into the body after
digestion; to become part of
another social group or country
Peculate take money for ones own use;
embezzle
Atrocious Kodia(T) Pedantic Kalvi cherruku udaivar
Attrition Gradually weakening somebodys
strength by continuous harassment
Peddler Person who travels from place to
place to sell goods
Audition Trial for acting, singing Peered Search
aura Atmosphere Pellucid Clear and transparent
Autistic Not able to build relationship Penchant Liking or taste for something
Avert Avoid Pepper and
salt
close mixture of black and white
Banter Unimportant ,small talks Perceive Understand; observe; become aware
of
Bastion Fortress Perception Knowledge ; intuition
Bawdy Bad, indecent Perfunctory Showing little interest
Beckon Showing signal Pernicious Having a very harmful or
destructive effect
Becoming Well suited(becoming hairstyle;
becoming dress; becoming modesty)
Perpetuate Something that keeps you not to
forget
Beguile Deceive Perplexed Not able to understand clearly
Behead Cut off the head Perseverance Vida moirachi
Behold Observe, look at, see Perspicacity Accuracy in understanding
Bellicose Inclined to start quarrel Perspective View
Benevolence Generosity, doing good Persuasive To persuade; able to convince
Bereaved Deprive sb by death Perturb Disturb
Besmirch Dishonor Pervade Spread to and be perceived in
everypart
Bestow Present a gift or honor Pervasive Present and perceived eerywhre
Bipedalism Two footed Pervert Immoral fellow
Bliss Great joy Phenomenon Remarkable thing
Bolster Support Plagued nuisance; widespread
Bourses Stock Exchanges Plausible believable; seem to be right;
skilled in convincing arguments to
deceive
Bovine Relating to cattle Plebiscite Choice of voting or choosing the
leader
Breathe, Breathe is a verb and breath is a
noun
Pleonasms Redundant words coined together
Brigand Robber Plunder Soorai adu
Brush Dismiss abruptly Politicking Politicizing
Callous Ruthless; very rude; emotionally
hardened
Polyglot Person who speaks many languages
Capacious Spacious Populace the masses; the general public;
Capitalize To gain by turning something to
advantage
Parochial
school
Private school maintained by
religious body for elementary or
secondary education
Carrousel Revolving apparatus Preclude Make impossible;
Prevent something/somebody doing
something
Carte
blanch
Unrestricted power; unconditional
authority
Predicament Mess
Centipede Pooran(T) Predominantly Mostly noticeable
Cerulean Blue Preempt Obtain by acting in advance of
others;
Prevent from happening;
Chasm Difference in ideas; deep
separation
Preposterous Absurd
Churlish Vulgar Prerogative Special privilege
Tip English

Cinch Easy ting to accomplish Pretentious Claiming a position when
unjustified
Clamorous Loud and noisy ; vociferous Prevails Triumph; predominant; use; become
effective; win out
Clandestine Conducted with secrecy Prevalent Widely or commonly
occurring/existing
Clique Group of same interests Pristine Remaining in a pure state;
uncorrupted state; free from flaw
Cogently Convincing Privy Secret(privy to sharing a secret)
Coherent Sticking together; logical and
orderly
Proclaim Announce officially & publicly
Cohesion Unity Procrastinate Postpone
Collusion Secret agreement or discover Prodigal Wastefully extravagant
Commemorate To serve as a memorial to Profound Deep
Commend Speak favorably; praise Prognosis Forecast, prediction
Commensurat
e
Appropriate; (follows with
to/with)
Promiscuous Indiscriminate in the choice of
sexual partners
Commiserate To feel or express sympathy Propagate Spread
Complainant Person who makes a complaint Propensity Tendency
Comprehend Grasp; take in Proponent Supporter, advocate
Comprehensi
ve
Wide Prorogue Postpone; adjourn
Concede Agree to what some body says
grudgingly or reluctantly
Provender Fodder
Conceit Garvam, ahanthai(T) Prowess Outstanding skill or expertise
Conceptuali
ze
To form a concept of Pseudo Not genuine; false; pretended or
insincere
Concoct Fabricate; build up a story Psychotic Multiple personality and living in
fantasy
Concomitant Concurrent; happening at the same
time
Pummel Beat
Concourse Open area of a building; Crowd Purport Purpose
Conducive Helping something to happen;
favorable condition
Quarantine isolation of persons to prevent
spreading of disease
Conduit Pipe; mean for something to be
transmitted
Quid pro quo Equal exchange
Confer To consult , to bestow Rain check Token of approval for future date
commitment
Confiscate Seized by the government Rain maker Very good lobbyist(political slang)
Confront oppose Rattle percussive sound; talk without much
thought
Congeal Harden; solidify Ravage Devastate
Congregate To come together; Rave Blabbering
Connoisseur Expert knowledge in fine arts Ravenous Very hungry
Connubial Marriage; conjugal Realty Real estate
Consensus General agreement Rebut Argue
Conspicuous Obvious Recant Withdraw
Conspire Sathi sei
Reconnaissanc
e
An exploratory military survey of
enemy territory
Consternati
on
Paralyzing; dismay Rectitude Honesty
Content Satisfied Recuperating Getting well
Contort Twist Red herring Something that deviates from the
center issue
Contour Outline Refute to prove to be false or erroneous;
to deny the accuracy of a truth
Contravene Disobey, break Regimen government; rule or control
Conversely On the other hand Reiterate repeat it again and again
Copious Plentiful Rejoinder Answer
Counterfeit
er
Forge; make a copy of Relegate Transfer to lower division
Culminate Reach the high point Relent To become less severe; lenient;
Tip English

forgiving
Culpable Deserving blame Relinquish Surrender; give up; abandon
Cygnet Young swan Remiss Negligent
Dark horse Little known Remnant remainder
Dearth Scarce; famine Remonstrate to protest
Debacle Sudden and complete failure;
fiasco
Rendering Submit for approval, translate
Debar Ban Rendezvous Meeting place
Debonair Cheerful and self assured Renegade Traitor
Decipher Make out; find out Reportorial writer
Decree Order given by a ruler/authority Repress to put down by force
Deem Consider Reproof;
rebuke
To criticize
Defamation Say bad things about; attack the
good reputation of somebody
Repudiate To divorce or separate formally
Defiance Open disobedient; resistance Repugnance extreme aversion
Defrock Dismiss from priesthood ; unfrock Requiem service for the dead
Deluge Large quantity; immense Rescript decree
Delusion Deceive Resent Hate; be offended; feel bitter;
angry
Demeanor Way of behaving Resilient Restore
Denounce Condemn openly; accuse formally;
disown; formal announcement of
ending;
Restrain limitation
Dentition Process of growing new teeth Resurrection Bring back the life
Depose Dethrone; remove from office Retract to pull back; disclaim
Deprecated Prohibited Retribution Repayment as punishment
Deprive Take something away from sb/sth Retro back, backwards
Despair Lose of hope Retrospection Looking back, on past events
Dtente Change in strategy Reverberation Repeated reflection; reecho; repel
Deter Discourage; prevent Revere Courteous respect
Devastate Complete destroy; don't use for
specific numbers
Rummage Old things
Dexterity Skill or quickness; prowess Sabbaticals Rest
Diaphonous Translucent, transparent Salubrious Favorable to health or well-being
Diction Choosing words Salutary Remedial; favourable to health
Diligence Attentive care Salvage Rescue
Dirge Funeral hymn Satiety Surfeit; full
Disavow Disclaim Savage Kattu mirandi(T)
Disclaimer Disagreeing Savant Scholar
Disparage Talking in a way to reduce;
depreciate or lower in rank;
vilify
Scald Burn caused by hot steam or liquid
Dispassiona
te
Unaffected by passion/emotion Scandalous Causing scandal; shocking
Disseminate Spread Scrupulously Done very carefully
Dissension Disagreement Seclude Isolate
Dissipated Spread and vanish; wasting time Sedulous Vida muirachi
Dissuade To advise against; discourage;
deter
Sheer Deviate; complete
Distort Misrepresent Shoddy Inferior
Docile Teachable Shortcoming Flaw
Dodging Going around Shun To avoid deliberately
Don Put on clothing Simile Comparing two unlike things
Doodad Unnamed; nameless Sine die Indefinitely
Dormant Not active Skeptic Doubtful towards somebody/something
Dorsal Behind Skim Glance through quickly
Dote Adore Sleep apnea Bed death
Dreadful Terrible Sleuth Detective
Earmark Identification mark to show
ownership
Slick Extremely good; smooth
Ebb Period of decline Slink Give birth to premature baby; sneak
Echelon Level of authority or
responsibility
Slump Sudden fall in prices
Eerie Causing mystery and fear;(an eerie
scream)
Sobriquet Nick names
Egging Encouraging Soliloquy Talking loudly alone as in dramas
Tip English

Egregious Exceptionally bad or offensive Solitude Lonely place
Elegy Poem to lament a death Somniloquy Sleep talking
Eloquence Power to speak and write well Soot Black particles
Elude Escape Sordid Dirty and unpleasant
Elusive Difficult to capture Sparse Not thick and dense;
Sparsely populated
Emanate Come from a source Speleology Study of caves
Emancipate Liberate, to free from bondage Spew To flow
Embellishme
nt
Decoration Squander Wasting money or time;
Embezzle Take money for ones own use;
Peculate
Square Conservative; not current
Emblazoned Celebrate; inscribe Squeamish Easily nauseated; shocked;
disgusted
Empirical Based on knowledge and experiments Stalactites From ceiling
Engender To develop Stalagmites From ground
Entangle To get caught or involved in
something , so that , escape is
difficult
Startling Frightening
Entitle To give a right to claim Stenosis Narrowing
Entourage Group of attendees; environment Stickler One who argues without giving up
Envisaged Imagine Straddle To be on both sides
Enunciate Articulate Streaking Running nude in public
Ephemeral Short living Strenuous Vida muirachi; sedulous,
perseverance
Epitome Summary of written work; ideal
example
Strive
Thrive
Crave
Try hard
Be successful
Desire
Epoch Remarkable event; event or time Stumble
across
To find by accident
Eponym Derivation of a name for city,
place, institution, medicine ,
chemical , theorem from a persons
name
Stupendous Causing amazement
Equilibrium Balanced Subjective Existing in the mind
Esoteric Confidential, understood by
specific group
Subjugate Conquer; enslave;
Eulogy Praising Substantiate Prove
Eviscerate Removing internal organs of a body Subtle Thin
Exasperate Make very angry; inpatient; irate Subvert Destroy
Excerpt Part of a book or article or
passage
Succinct Concise and terse
Excommunica
te
Exclude from a group Succumb Die, agree in press
Excruciatin
g
Intense pain Sumptuous Rich luxurious magnificent
Exhilaratin
g
To cause or feel very excited or
energetic; invigorate; stimulate
Superficial Slight knowledge; trivial;
insignificant
Expedite Speed up the process Superfluous Exceeding what is necessary or
needed
Expiate Make amends or reparation Supersede Replace
Expound Explain in detail Surfeit Thigatuthal(T);overdose
Expurgate Remove improper objectionable
parts from a book
Synagogue Jewish worship place
Extempore With out preparation Taciturn Being silent and calm
Extol To praise highly Tandem One behind the other
Extort Intimidate and get money Tangible Capable of being realized by mind
Extradite Surrender one who has taken refuge Tantamount Equivalent value
Extraneous Irrelevant Tardy Slow to act
Faade Front view Tenacious Adamant
Faction Conflict with an organization;
group formed because of that
Tenuous Little substance; slender
Farcical Absurd Termagant Quarrelsome woman
Fastidious Difficult to please Terse Concise
Tip English

Fiduciary Holding something for the another Thanatalogy Study of death and dying
Fillip Snap; suduku(T) Therapeutic Having healing power
Finicky Difficult to please; fastidious Thicket Dense growth of shrubs
Flamboyant Showy, extravagant Through thick
and thin
Favorable and unfavorable
conditions
Flimsy Unconvincing Tirade Angry speech
Flummox Confuse To flock To go to places in large numbers
Folly Lack of good sense Torrent Violent outburst
Formative
years
Having an important and influence
on development of character
Tossup Even chance
Forthrightl
y
Frankly; straight forward Trait Distinctive feature or character
Fortitude Endurance and strength Transmuted Change sth to sth completely
different
Foster Nurture Tribulation Distress
Fragmentary Made up of unconnected path Trifle To toy or play with
Fringe Group of extreme views; decorative
border
Trivialize Underestimate; play down
Frisking Search a person for something
concealed
Truculent Capable of attacking
Frontage Land between a building and the
street
Trudging Walking tiredly and slowly
Galore Plentiful; abundant; Trumping Key resource
Gaudy Flashy ; brilliant Tumultuous Confusion of voices, agitation
Ghoul Grave robber Tyranny Kodunkonmai,
Gibberish Meaningless or technical language Ubiquitous Appears to be present everywhere
Gist Essence, crux, main point Ulterior Undisclosed
Glean Gather information Unabated Maintaining full force
Glib Extemporaneously Undaunted Fearless
Grapple Seize Unequivocal Leaving no doubt;
Grave Serious Unfrock Dismiss from priesthood; defrock
Grazing To feed with grass Unprecedented No previous example
Green horn Inexperienced, nave Unquenchable Not able to be satisfied
Grotty Unpleasant; poor quality Upshot Result
Grudge Utpahai, vanmam(T) Usurp Wrongfully or by force
Gruesome Horror; grisly; ghastly Vacillate To be uncertain
Grumpy Bad tempered Vain glory Boastful
Haggle Argue/bargain over silly matters Vanity Veen garvam(Tamil), conceit
Hegemony Power of one state of the other Vanquish To defeat
Herpetology Study of snakes Variance Disagreement
Hike Walk Veer Sudden change in direction
Hindrance Obstacle; blockade; impediment Vehement Strong feeling
Hobbled Limp Veneer Thin layer
Holocaust Large scale destruction Veracity Truthfulness; truth
Homey Good friend Verbally Written
Hoodoo Bringing bad luck Vertigo Feeling of sickness; dizziness
Hopper Thatti kuthikum(Tamil) Verve Enthusiasm
Horrendous Horrific Vestige Old evidence
Hubris Pride Vilify To lower the importance by abusive
statements
Huckster showy methods Vindicate Prove with evidence
Humdrum Monotonous; boring Virtue Good character
Hyper +
word
Over or more Vociferous Noisy outcry
Hypo +
word
Under or less Wary Cautious
Hypothetica
l
Based on assumption Weary Exhausting
Ideologue Advocate of an ideology Welkin
Welkin eyes
Sky;
Beautiful blue eyes;
Idiosyncras
ies
Unique thought by some one Willy-nilly Disorganized
Ignoramus Ignorant person Wimpy Cowardly person
Imbalance Lack of balance belligerence aggressive or truculent attitude
Imbroglio Confusion vibes intuition about a person or
Tip English

thing(informal)
Impart disclose; bestow finagling Obtain by trickery
Impeccable no flaw fumigating apply gas or smoke to disinfect or
kill insects
Impediment Stumbling block cornucopia abundance of something
Impending About to happen; imminent solatium something give as solace
Imperative Must, urgent solace source of relief or consolation
Implausible difficult to believe
Implode collapsed violently costiveness constipation
Impromptu With out preparation; improvise hypothecation adamanam(Tamil)
Improvise With out preparation; impromptu,
wing it
distrain Jabdhi (tamil)
Impudent disrespectful dovetails combine
Impulse An impelling or propelling force neuratic mental disorder
Inadvertent
ly
Not deliberately camaraderie comradeship;friendship
Inasmuch as because of the fact; since exacerbate aggravate
Incendiary Causing or capable of causing fire repercussion consequnce
Incognito With out others knowing instigate provoke
Incoherent Not coherent(e.g., incoherent with
grief)
glaciologist study of glaciers
Incriminate To charge or show evidence of
involvement
voracious ravenous
Incumbent Person holding the office and post incinerating burnt to ashes
Indemnify To make compensation for loss or
damage
loquacious excessive talk; talkative
Indictment To charge with a fault or offense lackadaisical lazy; who lacks enthusiasm and
effort
Ineptitude Lacking fitness or aptitude tete-a-tete private conversation
Infuriate Extremely angry hogwash
baloney
nonsense
Inhibit Block slander
libelling
false statement injuring somebodys
reputations
Innate In one's nature primordial primary , first, fundamental,
original
Innocuous Causing no harm, not intended to
offend
grit spirit
Inoculation introducing a specific disease
germ into the body to fight that
disease
enunciate articulate
emancipate liberate
j) Things that need to be avoided
Replace this with this
the question as to whether whether
advance notice notice
at this point in time now
Be that as it may but
in the event that if
general consensus consensus
young juvenile juvenile
student body students
due to the fact that because
chemotherapeutic agent drug
l) Links those help , practicing Listening comprehension
Randall's ESL listening lab
Tip English

http://www.eslpartyland.com/students/inter.htm http://esl-
lab.com/bath1/bath1.htm
www.webster.commnet.ed www.ebaack.com www.towerofenglish.com
www.studint.net www.4tests.com www.west.net
http://www.wsu.edu/~gordonl/ESL/studentcontents.htm
http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/grammarlogs3/grammarlogs450.htm#1

I) Verb Rules, Structures and Expressions A) Verb Usage: Tip English

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