Basic CalculusSample Final Solution

1. Compute the derivatives of the following functions:

a) f(x) = e
x
2
.
Solution: f

(x) = e
x
2
(x
2
)

= e
x
2
2x = 2xe
x
2
.
b) f(x) = (x
2
+ 1)
2
(2x 1)
3
.
Solution:
f

(x) = ((x
2
+ 1)
2
)

(2x 1)
3
+ (x
2
+ 1)
2
((2x 1)
3
)

= 2(x
2
+ 1)(x
2
+ 1)

(2x 1)
3
+ (x
2
+ 1)
2
3(2x 1)
2
(2x 1)

= 2(x
2
+ 1)2x(2x 1)
3
+ (x
2
+ 1)
2
3(2x 1)
2
2
= 4x(x
2
+ 1)(2x 1)
3
+ 6(x
2
+ 1)
2
(2x 1)
2
= (x
2
+ 1)(2x 1)
2
[4x(2x 1) + 6(x
2
+ 1)]
= (x
2
+ 1)(2x 1)
2
[8x
2
4x + 6x
2
+ 6]
= (x
2
+ 1)(2x 1)
2
[14x
2
4x + 6]
c) f(x) =
x
2
x+1
.
Solution:
f

(x) =
(x
2
)

(x + 1) x
2
(x + 1)

(x + 1)
2
=
2x(x + 1) x
2
(1)
(x + 1)
2
=
2x
2
+ 2x x
2
(x + 1)
2
=
x
2
+ 2x
(x + 1)
2
d) f(x) = x ln x.
Solution: f

(x) = x

ln x + x(ln x)

= (1) ln x + x(
1
x
) = ln x + 1
e) f(x) = ln[
(x+1)
2
(x1)
3
(2x1)
4
]
Solution:
f(x) = ln[(x + 1)
2
] + ln[(x 1)
3
] ln[(2x 1)
4
]
= 2 ln(x + 1) + 3 ln(x 1) 4 ln(2x 1)
Thus
f

(x) = 2[ln(x + 1)]

+ 3[ln(x 1)]

4[ln(2x 1)]

=
2
x + 1
(x + 1)

+
3
x 1
(x 1)

4
2x 1
(2x 1)

=
2
x + 1
+
3
x 1

8
2x 1
2. Find the equation of the tangent line to y = x
2
+ 6x 5 at where x = 2.
Solution: Slope is f

(2). f

(x) = 2x + 6, thus f

(2) = 2(2) + 6 = 10. When x = 2,

y = 2
2
+ 6(2) 5 = 11.
The equation is (y 11) = 10(x 2) or y = 10x 9.
3. Use implicit dierentiation to nd
dy
dx
for the given values of x and y.
a) x
3
+ y
3
= 9; x = 1, y = 2
Solution:
3x
2
+ 3y
2
y

= 0
3y
2
y

= 3x
2
y

=
x
2
y
2
At x = 1, y = 2, y

=
1
2
2
2
=
1
4
.
OR: let f(x, y) = x
3
+ y
3
= 9, then y

= (
f
x
)/(
f
y
) = 3x
2
/(3y
2
) = x
2
/y
2
. Thus at
x = 1, y = 2, y

=
1
2
2
2
=
1
4
.
b) xy y
3
= 4; x = 5, y = 1.
Solution:
x

y + xy

3y
2
y

= 0
y + xy

3y
2
y

= 0
xy

3y
2
y

= y
(x 3y
2
)y

= y
y

=
y
x 3y
2
At x = 5, y = 1, we get y

=
1
531
2
=
1
2
.
OR: let f(x, y) = xyy
3
= 4, then y

= (
f
x
)/(
f
y
) = y/(x3y
2
). Thus at x = 5, y = 1,
we get y

=
1
531
2
=
1
2
.
4. Find the relative maximum and minimum of f(x) = xe
2x
.
Solution: f

(x) = (xe
2x
)

= x

e
2x
+x(e
2x
)

= e
2x
+xe
2x
(2x)

= e
2x
+xe
2x
2 = e
2x
(2x + 1).
Set f

(x) = 0 we get e
2x
(2x + 1) = 0. Thus 2x + 1 = 0 and x =
1
2
. We use rst
derivative test to see if this gives a relative maximum or minimum. Since f

(x) > 0 when

x >
1
2
and f

(x) < 0 when x <

1
2
, we see x =
1
2
gives a minimum. The minimum value
is f(
1
2
) =
1
2
e
2(
1
2
)
=
1
2
e
1
.
5. Find the average of f(x) = x
2
+ 1 over [1, 3].
Solution: average is

3
1
f(x) dx/(3 1). The integral is

3
1
x
2
+ 1 dx =
x
3
3
+ x|
3
1
=
3
3
3
+ 3 (
1
3
3
+ 1) = 9 + 3
1
3
1 = 10 +
2
3
=
32
3
.
The average is
32
3
/(3 1) =
32
32
=
16
3
.
6. The rate of growth of a certain cell culture is proportional to its size. In 10 hours a
population of 1 million cells grew to 9 million.
a) Find the population function P(t) for this cell culture.
Solution: P(t) = P
0
e
kt
. We have P
0
= 1 million, and P(10) = 9million. Thus 9 = 1e
k10
.
We get e
10k
= 9 and 10k = ln 9.
Thus k =
ln 9
10
and P(t) = 1000000e
ln 9
10
t
.
b) For what t is P(t) = 3, 000, 000?
Solution: We solve 3000000 = 1000000e
ln 9
10
t
.
We get 3 = e
ln 9
10
t
, thus
ln 9
10
t = ln 3 and t =
10 ln 3
ln 9
. This expression can be simplied:
t =
10 ln 3
ln 3
2
=
10 ln 3
2 ln 3
=
10
2
= 5.
7. If the product of two real numbers is 2, what is the minimum of the sum of squares of
these two numbers?
Solution: xy = 2, minimize x
2
+ y
2
. Since y =
2
x
, we minimize f(x) = x
2
+ (
2
x
)
2
=
x
2
+ 4x
2
.
Set f

(x) = 2x + 4(2)x
3
= 0, we get 2x
8
x
3
= 0. Multiply by x
3
, 2x
4
8 = 0 and we
get x
4
= 4. Thus x
2
= 2 and x =

2. Put back to equation xy = 2 we get y =

2.
Thus the minimum of the sum of squares is (

2)
2
+ (

2)
2
= 2 + 2 = 4.
8. Compute the following antiderivatives:
a)

x
2
2dx.
Solution:
x
3
3
2x + C.
b)

e
2x
+
2
x
dx.
Solution:
e
2x
2
+ 2 ln |x| + C.
c)

1
0

x dx.
Solution:

1
0
x
1
2
dx =
x
3
2
3
2
|
1
0
=
1
3
2
3
2

0
3
2
3
2
=
1
3
2
=
2
3
.
d)

3
2
2
x
3
dx.
Solution:

3
2
2x
3
dx = 2
x
2
2
|
3
2
= x
2
|
3
2
= 3
2
(2
2
) =
1
9
+
1
4
=
4
36
+
9
36
=
5
36
.
9. Let f(x) = x
2
.
a) Use Riemann sum to approximate the area under the graph y = f(x) over the interval
1 x 5, with n = 4 and using the right endpoints.
Solution: x =
ba
n
=
51
4
= 1. x
1
= 2, x
2
= 3, x
3
= 4 and x
4
= 5 are four right
endpoints.
The Riemann sum is x(f(x
1
) + f(x
2
) + f(x
3
) + f(x
4
)) = 1 (2
2
+ 3
2
+ 4
2
+ 5
2
) = 54.
b) Find the area under the graph y = f(x) over the interval 1 x 5.
Solution: It is

5
1
x
2
dx =
x
3
3
|
5
1
=
5
3
3

1
3
3
=
125
3

1
3
=
124
3
.
10. Let f(x) = x
3
3x.
a) Find all relative maximum points and relative minimum points of f(x).
b) Find all inection points of f(x).
c) Find where f(x) is increasing.
d) Find where f(x) is concave up.
e) Sketch y = f(x).
Solution: a) f

(x) = 3x
2
3. f

(x) = 6x. Set f

(x) = 0, we get x = 1, 1. Use either

rst derivative or second derivative test, we see x = 1 gives relative maximum, x = 1 gives
relative minimum.
x = 1, y = (1)
3
3(1) = 2. (-1,2) is relative maximum point. x = 1, y =
(1)
3
3(1) = 2. (1,-2) is relative maximum point.
b) Set f

(x) = 0 we get 6x = 0 thus x = 0. Check the second derivative does change

sign. Thus at x = 0 (and y = 0
3
3(0) = 0), we get inection point (0, 0).
c) In the process of rst derivative test we get f(x) is increasing over (, 1) and
(1, ).
d) In checking inection point (part b)), we get f(x) is concave up over (0, ).
e) Use the above information to sketch the graph; need to plot the three points (-1,2),
(0,0) and (1,2).
11. Find the area between the curves y = x
2
and y = 3 2x.
Solution: It is

b
a
(f g) dx. First nd a, b by setting x
2
= 32x. We get x
2
+2x3 = 0
and (x + 3)(x 1) = 0. Thus a = 3 and b = 1.
Over (-3,1), x
2
< 3 2x (test x = 0 for example).
Thus the area is

1
3
3 2x x
2
dx = 3x 2
x
2
2

x
3
3
|
1
3
= (3 1
2

1
3
3
) (3(3) (3)
2

(3)
3
3
) = 3 1
1
3
+ 9 + 9 9 = 11
1
3
=
32
3
.
12. Let f(x, y) = x
3
+ x
2
e
3y
+ 2y
3
.
a) Find
f
x
and
f
y
.
Solution:
f
x
= 3x
2
+ 2xe
3y
.
f
y
= 3x
2
e
3y
+ 6y
2
.
b) Find

2
f
x
2
,

2
f
y
2
and

2
f
xy
.
Solution:

2
f
x
2
= 6x + 2e
3y
.

2
f
y
2
= 9x
2
e
3y
+ 12y.

2
f
xy
= 6xe
3y
.
13. Let f(x, y) = x
3
y
2
3x + 4y.
a) Find all points (x, y) where f(x, y) has a possible relative maximum or relative mini-
mum.
Solution:
f
x
= 3x
2
3 = 0,
f
y
= 2y + 4 = 0. Solutions are x = 1 and y = 2. Thus
the points are (1, 2) and (1, 2).
b) Use the second derivative test to determine whether the points you nd are relative
maximum points or relative minimum points or neither.
Solution:

2
f
x
2
= 6x,

2
f
y
2
= 2 and

2
f
xy
= 0. Thus D(x, y) = 6x(2) = 0
2
= 12x.
At (1,2), D(x, y) = 12 < 0, it is not a relative maximum or relative minimum point.
At (-1,2), D(x, y) = 12 > 0 and

2
f
x
2
= 6 < 0, thus (1, 2) is a relative maximum point.
14 Use Lagrange multiplier method, nd the values of x, y that minimizes x
2
y
2
subject
to the constraint 2x + 3y 5 = 0.
Solution: Let F(x, y, ) = (x
2
y
2
) + (2x + 3y 5) = x
2
y
2
+ 2x + 3y 5.
Set
F
x
= 2x + 2 = 0,
F
y
= 2y + 3 = 0 and
f

= 2x + 3y 5 = 0.
First equation gives = x, second gives =
2
3
y. Thus x =
2
3
y.
The third equation thus gives 2(
2
3
y) + 3y 5 = 0. This is
5
3
y 5 = 0 and y = 3. We
also get x =
2
3
3 = 2.
15. The demand equation for a manufacturer is p = 200 3x, and the cost function is
C(x) = 75 + 80x x
2
(0 x 40).
a) Find the revenue function R(x) and prot function P(x).
Solution: R(x) = p(x)x = x(200 3x) = 200x 3x
2
.
P(x) = R(x) C(x) = 200x 3x
2
(75 + 80x x
2
) = 2x
2
+ 120x 75.
b) Find the quantity x that maximizes the prot.
Solution: P

(x) = 0 gives 4x + 120 = 0. Thus x = 30.