Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
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THE ARTM
difficult to find issues where they don't agree. jected, then the stock market will do poorly; but if policies, such as tax deferments, which induced
Even if the debate over government con- the GDP is high, then wages will be high and there many people to contribute to such accounts, and
trol of Social Security assets in the stock market will be no crisis. Aaron Bernstein makes this point thus to the market.
had any substance, the issue would be moot. clearly in Business Week (2/8/99). Now that there is not much more money
Walter Burien has estimated that about 53% of to be gained from private investment, the market
common stock in this country is currently con- The Stock Market as Pyramid Scheme has embarked on an audacious plan: to require
trolled directly by federal, state and local govern- It is generally believed among economists people, through Social Security taxation, to donate
ments, through pensions and other investment that stocks represent holdings in a company, and to the stock market. The possibility of this boost-
funds (see http://wwwbuildfteedom.com/cevi/cevi_2htm have some intrinsic vahle. How, then, to explain ing stock prices for current investors is generally
for more on this). So if government control over a the fact that annual turnover is over 1 00 %; that is, not discussed in public view, but in some places,
portion of the stock market is socialism, then we on average, every stock is sold at least once every one an see a veiled jubilance at the potential
windfall. From the New
"As of December 30, amage sck on the New York Sock Exha S wn 7 Daily News
1/York
(1/21/99):
prcent, and half of al stocks on the big board had faen by roret S1
S"
's "Anyone with a
sharp pencil will calcu-
late how much new
certainly have already achieved that. year? If people were actually investing in compa- buying power [Clinton's] proposal will bring to the
nies, it would hardly make sense to sell stocks so stock market: $3.6 billion a month. This amount,
Why Privatization Is a Scam often. In fact, as Louis Lowenstein has written in when compared with $11 billion a' month from
Privatization, in whole or in part, has been "What's Wrong with Wall Street?", most money individual investors, is a significant positive force
proposed by Clinton, the investment firms, our managers' pursuit of short-terms gains in the mar- in the stock market. It can serve as buying support
own Senator Moynihan, several lesser-known ket has resulted in an institution built primarily on in difficult market conditions, as well as an oppor-
Republicans, and much of the major media, with speculation, "in which the whole enterprise begins tunity for even better performance
essentially one rationale: to "save Social Security." to resemble nothing so much as it does gambling, in rising markets. In effect, it is the ultimate case of
One who points out problems with this plan is except that the stakes are much larger." what the mutual fund industry calls dollar-cost
refuted with, "What, you don't want to save Social It is well-known among economists that averaging. This is to say that, over time, a regular
Security?" the ratio between the prices of stock and the earn- program of investment yields the best result."
But the idea that the stock market will ings of the companies are higher than they have In fact, it may be that the stock market is
cure our ills rests on faulty assumptions. For exam- ever been. It is also well-known that, historically, not doing as well as is generally believed. For
ple, a common argument in favor of investing in example, what is meant by the phrase "the stock
the stock market goes something like this: "If one
computes the total amount of money the average
citizen gets after retirenment, it is equivalent to
I I I
4AS62
market has performed well"? Generally this
means a certain index, such as the S&P 500 or the
Dow Jones Industrial Average, has increased.
what, on average, an individual would get with an But since these indexes only cover a small num-
investment earning a certain interest (between 4% ber of companies, 500 in the former and 30 in the
for high-income workers and 6% for low-income latter, one might reasonably ask what happens to
workers, according to the Cato Institute's webpage the others. The answer is surprising: According
at www.socialsecurity.org/studies/sspl0.html). to LI.S. News (1/11/99), "these traditional index-
However, the stock market historically returns Earn1er es disguise huge losses in the overall market. As
about 7.5% to 8.5% (depending on how much risk of December 30, the average stock on the New
is assumed), so it would be better for all individu- York Stock Exchange was down 7 percent, and
als to invest their money privately, rather than in half of all stocks on the big board had fallen by
Social Security."
more than 10 percent for the year."
However, the problem with this argument
Earner So the real question might be why these
is that actual returns from the market will probably
not be this high. According to Dean Baker indexes are doing so well in spite of everything
(http://www.socsec.org/facts/stocks-intro.htm), else. The answer lies in index funds, a very pop-
the rate of return could be lower for at least two S ;3m imo $90 i10 $51, ular form of investment in which a company just
reasons: buys shares in all the S&P 500 companies. Then,
1. In estimating Social Security funds in such overinflation of stock prices has led to col- when the S&P 500 does well, more managers
the future, the Social Security Trustees assumed lapse (this was the problem both in 1929 and in copy their behavior by investing in the same 500
that the GDP will increase far more slowly over the 1987), and thus some people quite reasonably sus- companies. In fact, one of the current arguments
next 75 years than it has over the previous 75 years. pect that the current wave of stock market success that Clinton and his supporters make is that
Since stock market prices are correlated with GDP cannot last much longer, without some outside when the government invests the Social Security
growth, this would imply a corresponding reduc- influence.
money, it will avoid potential conflicts of interest
tion in the rate of stock return, to probably less This is where you come in. The market
always seeks new sources of income; in the 1920s, by only investing in index funds. Is there really
than 5% per year.
2. Private account managers would likely the explosion in stock prices was fueled by reports any difference between all this follow-the-leader
charge maintenance fees of between 1.5% and 2.5% of the stock market being a sure thing, luring many investing and more traditional pyramid
per year, if fees for current IRAs, mutual funds, middle-class people to invest their savings there schemes?
and 401k plans are any indication. In contrast, instead of more traditional, less risky investments. Failing to address this question could
Social Security currently uses less than 1% of funds Eventually, of course, the bubble burst. Later, there lead us to dire consequences. Will we end up in
the same situation as Albania, where the govern-
A quick look at some of the questionable NYPIRG (New York Public Interest
By Joanna Wegielnik and Hilary Vidair
and SUNY-relevant provisions of the proposed Research Group) estimated that the proposed
2000 budget: 1) The $72.7 billion state budget pro- changes to TAP will cut the program by at least
It's that time of year again; our fearless
posal would increase spending by less than the $133,000,000. "Cuts to financial aid penalize exact-
governor unravels his budget for the upcoming fis-
rate of inflation, with the rate of inflation at 2% and ly those students that can least afford increased
cal year. Since 1998-99 was not a gubernatorial
election cycle, we feared the worst. And sure the proposed spending rate at 1.8%; 2) State costs," said Todd Stebbins, Stony Brook's NYPIRG
enough, that's what Governor Pataki delivered: Medicaid payments to hospitals and other coordinator. "Tuition at public colleges has more
the annual budget, complete with huge cuts to providers would be reduced by $266 million. than doubled over the last 10 years. The
Medicare, drastic cutbacks in financial aid and (Experts say the actual amount would be about Governor's proposal does nothing to address this
more prisons. Ladies and gentlemen, presenting $850 million once federal and local contributions pressing problem, and instead squeezes students
the 2000 budget! Signed, sealed, delivered, it's are factored in.); 3) $114 million cut to TAP, a finan- and their families for hard-earned dollars. Funding
ours! cial aid program many SUNY students rely on, for higher education in New York State has been
In the state of New York, budget is syn- with promises of reimbursements upon a four-year
significantly reduced in recent years. Reducing
onymous with cuts. Even during surplus years, graduation record; 4) School aid essentially frozen
funding further, or not proposing an increase to at
much like this year's expected 3 billion dollar with proposed increases too small to keep up with
least match inflation, places an intolerable burden
excess, our governor still proposes drastic cut- inflation. 5) $180 million for the construction of
on colleges and universities to cut costs."
backs. And who does he target? Society's most vul- two new prison complexes; 6) Elimination of
parole by requiring convicts to complete 86% of The governor's proposal for reimbursing
nerable, of course: the poor, the elderly, students-
their sentences. tuition not covered under TAP for students who
basically, anyone who doesn't have an army of lob-
Under the Medicaid proposal, the gover- graduate in four years drew particular criticism
byists and money backing them up. Besides, it's all
nor is calling for a $266 million reduction in state and praise from students. Many don't see the point
perfectly justifiable because, after all, our governor
spending. However, once Federal and local contri- of a reimbursement after graduation when they
has great, big, national aspirations. He's goin' for
distance; he's goin' for speed; he's goin' for the butions are factored in, experts say there would be need the money more while in school; others see it
presidency! Pataki has to appear fiscally conserva- at least $727 million less for the program than this as an incentive to graduate on time.
tive, and what wouldn't appeal to middle America year and payments to hospitals would be cut by Education is arguably New York's most
9
more than a governor who "made New York a bet- $374 million-$23 for nursing homes and $114 for valuable asset. Investment in education is one of
ter place to live"? home-care providers. the safest ways to battle complex social dilemmas
Last year's budget, proposed during an Under the new TAP proposal, payments such as unemployment, crime and poverty.
election year, contained large spending hikes to would now cover 75% of tuition (instead of the Building prisons is not. Taking care of the indigent
appeal to voters. It worked like a charm; Pataki usual 90%) and require a minimum of 15 credits for and elderly is part of the governor's responsibility.
won by a landslide, blowing his competition clear TAP eligibility (up from 12 credits); it would set a
Turning his back on them while shamelessly pur-
out of the water. This year, with his butt firmly four semester assistance maximum for Associate's
suing national presidential aspirations is not unac-
planted in the governor's seat, he can do as he Degrees, as well as offer to reimburse tuition not
ceptable.
chooses, and Pataki chooses to fuck with the dis- covered under TAP if studies are completed in four
enfranchised over and over again. years. Vfl
~,, ,, ·~,-~-----~pn~amn~~-,~R~n~,~,~i~;l~c~~ FEBRUARY 10, 199 PAGE 5
ISSUES --
WHEN EPIDEMICS BREED ATROC/TIES
By D.J. O'Dell done. Individuals testing positive under this sys- HIV monitoring and prevention. Other adverse
tem held a CD4 count of 225, whereas those who consequences of this system include testees not
tested positive under a confidential system held a returning for their results, and a significant drop in
hen faced with a national epi- CD4 count of 304. (The CD4 count is a way of mea- the number of sex workers, intravenous drug
suring the progress of HIV in a person's body; the users, and people of color getting tested. In North
demic, it i bsitely necessary to find the most
lower the count drops, the closer that person Carolina, 30.3% of people tested confidentially did
effective means of combat and control. This comes to experiencing the onslaught of AIDS). not return for their results whereas those who test-
process includes a close scrutiny of all available Consequently, those who tested anonymously ed anonymously only experienced an 8.2% no-
data concerning the epidemic, and an objective experienced an average 1,246 days before being return rate. Sex workers and intravenous drug
approach towards choosing a method that would diagnosed with AIDS, whereas those who tested users experienced a dramatic increase in the num-
cron fi n ftiall v
best fit what the data suggest. In December, a new
proposal for preventing the spread ofHIVwas pro-
experienced 718. I 4
This shows that
posed by the Federal Centers for Disease Control. people will wait
This draft, known as Guidelines for National HIV longer, endanger-
Case Surveillance, Including Monitoring for HIV ing their health, Uflr
Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency rather than be
tested under a
Syndrome (AIDS), "clearly supports" a controver-
name-based pro-
sial program that includes name-based reporting
on IHV testing. _t*1_l_
- _*__
-6-2-
gram. The CDC,
after a six-state kb
As it implies, name-based surveillance study, acknowl-
would require a physician to report the name of edge that test rates were adversely affected among ber of people getting tested in areas where anony-
any individual who tests positive to public health "racial/ethnic subgroups and HIV-risk exposure mous testing is introduced (56% and 17% respec-
officials. Thereafter, any medically-related infor- categories," and yet continue to propose this sys- tively). As stated by the ACLU, "Given this coun-
mation deemed necessary by state or federal HIV tem over the systems which are already in place. try's history of race discrimination in the guise of
control agencies in connection with that individual Even more detrimental to the goal of HIV public health initiatives, minority communities
would be made freely accessible to those agencies. monitoring, anonymous testing is often eliminated often distrust coercive public health programs.
This is one of the greatest faults of the system: the in states which adopt a name-based reporting sur- Mandatory names reporting would only exacer-
loss of privacy and confidentiality. veillance system. The guidelines themselves clear- bate this distrust." The New York City Departmeni
Although the CDC recognizes the impor- ly show that fewer people would be tested under a of Health concluded that 22% of the people in
tance of maintaining an individual's confidentiali- name-based system than under an anonymous one African-American and Hispanic communities
ty, they fail to offer a secure way of maintaining (61% would test under a names program while would not be tested if their names were reported tc
fronfl /
LltalL co . l i II dlltLy niI LI st under an anonymous public health otficials.
which state, "The receipt ( . These data, however, In light of the numerous. studies con-
surveillance- funding is ( ireliable. In an effort to ducted on this subject, it is amazing that the CDC
dent on the recipient's ab ginalize the difference still proposes this plan as the most effective plan
[,,toi ur-t h e p!t,
, sical secu tween the systems, the available. Legislation of this sort is reminiscen
ty and confidentiality o
case reports." Though the
_DC has chosen to DCf other HIVto statutes like coercive partner notifi-
has chosen
-
0
recent
ignore the more
CDC has formed a model and favorable daita cation. It is becoming increasingly more appar-
state public health priva- made available dio
them ent that HIV has become a public rather than pri-
cy act, the model does not on behalf of anony- vate matter, as individuals continue to lose the
specify under what condi- mous testing. Instead, personal rights of anonymity and confidentiality.
tions information may be alder data are docu- I believe that the evidence given is enough tc
given outside of the more nented in an effort to show that the CDC is running this particular sys-
normal instances < ake the name-based tern as part of a personal agenda, and that this
exchange. As the AC >rting system appear less prevents them from objectively approaching this
(American Civil Liberties U iental. Furthermore, the problem. Perhaps if the CDC tried funding the
claims, "The draft model acn ises to support systems systems already in place, they would discover
short of the goal of focusi: lemincu .a masCnc . o'lo . ths st o.
how a state may collect and track-but other- numeric code or unique identifier with federal to get tested, they help maintain the anonymity
wise hold secure-identifiable public health infor- funding, while at the same time funding name- of those who test positive.
mation, and avoid disclosing such information to based systems in various states. In this manner, HIV is one of the few illnesses that
anyone except under the most narrow and clearly the data used by the CD(C are shown, once again,
defined circum- stances." to be unreliable.
This issue revolves around an individual's The datisoawould 67 . % . - J J
r ght to privacy when it comes to their illness.
A, ,1
remain stigmatized, and it is necessary to pro-
.l
sexuals, other groups sharing the greatest need for states, with non-name-reporting states. Regardless ect those who already suffer from infection
testing would be deterred from doing so. These t e ct t h o se w h o a l r e a d y s u f e r f r o m in fe c t i o n
of their attempt to marginalize the difference, even
groups include people of color, sex workers, and their data show that 11% of the population would .rom the scor of society A name-based pro-
intravenous drug users. Of those who do test refrain from testing under a names-based surveil- gram would betray an individual's right to pri-
under the name-based reporting system, a greater lance system. vacy, and as a cure is still forthcoming, this pri-
delay of time is experienced between the time of Undoubtedly, a name-based surveillance vacy is one of the few things those who test
deciding to be tested and actually having the test system would adversely affect the overall goal of positively can hold on to.
~~-~, ~R. -·. X ~ ·- i--~
THE STONY BROOK PRESS PAGE 6
"A ISSUES
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suburbs, and even some states, but is this an rinig i theIdo
topics,
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excuse? The site contains a series of short sum-
maries and statements about what LIAAC does
and how you can help out. If you want to "do your
part," they have a section inwhich you can contact wane t ow.y far the most useul site of t
them directly to join in the fight.
h tb-n~
al or their lives are in the toi- "anticapitalist". Whoa, there, pardner. While many
-
Clearly,
tnII~
some more human
~
approlulaUl mlust Ve- Iu.
Other countries, most notably the Netherlands,
Ll lt UU/bI
V t tL
get high. That's why prohibi-
UvVV.IA.
The other faction centers its arguments
on the left do do-si-do with the Lifestyle Nazis,
there are (I hope) more than a few of us who are
gonna wanna party after the Beast is slain. As
have had great success with such experiments. As around civil rights. Many basic rights are currently Emma Goldman once said, "If I can't dance to your
with healthcare, transportation, education and under siege by the drug warriors. Among these are revolution, I don't want to be part of it."
many other areas of civilization, we lag behind. the rights to privacy, equal protection and even But I digress. Dr. Fish and all his learned
There are 24 chapters, a few written by Fish him- speech--those who advocate legalization or criti- co-conspirators have done a great service by pre-
self, the others from a smorgasbord of scholarly cize drug laws or their enforcement frequently find senting ideas and arguments that may hold sway
and public policy sources. The first part is devoted themselves the targets of harassment by the state in a good many classrooms, living rooms, and even
to background (something too little discussed in and its agents. board rooms, but seem to be banned from the
most drug debates) and includes history (Jerry Many advocated in this group even go so chambers of government and, more importantly,
Mandel's fascinating account of "The Opening far as to post a right to make informed decisions newsrooms.
By Joanna Wegielnik mer senior CIA operations officer, Philip Liechty, death. In 1994, the two received the R.F.K. and
who was based in Jakarta in 1975, during an inter- Alfred du Pont journalism awards for their cover-
view in Death of a Nation, a documentary about age of the Santa Cruz massacre. Here's what Nairn
na sharp reversal of a staunch 24 East Timor. said to the American journalistic elite as he and
year-old ,d-line policy, the Indonesian govern- "It was covered under the justification that Goodman received their silver batons.
ment is considering full autonomy for the annexed it was for 'training purposes only' but without "During the fifteen-year, eleven month
territory of East Timor, something the former heavy U.S. logistical support, the Indonesians period starting from the announcement of the '75
Portuguese colony has been seeking for over two might not have been able to pull it off. [Instead] invasion and running up to the massacre we sur-
decades. they were able to
Indonesian and Portuguese officials are
currently meeting with UN representatives,
stay there at no
real cost to them; "g unrwith ilitary machines should
Imrl
including Secretary General Kofi Annan, in New
York to iron out the technical details for East Timor
it didn't put any
pressure on their not be permit to invade, o npy, ad bui thr
autonomy. While Portugal argues that autonomy is
a transitional stage until the East Timorese vote on
economy and on
their military peacemul neighbors."
independence, Indonesia says that UN autonomy forces because
proposals should be final. The Timorese have been American taxpay-
demanding a UN-sponsored referendum on self- ers were footing the bill for the killing of all those vived, the ABC, NBC and CBS evening news
autonomy since 1976. In order to fully comprehend people and for the acquisition of that territory, to shows did not run a single story on. East Timor.
the significance and complexity of what is current- which they had no rights whatsoever," said Nightline, McNeil & Lehrer have never mentioned
ly unfolding, a brief history of East Timor, Liechty. it. U.S. radio and print, though occasionally men-
Indonesia, and U.S. involvement is necessary. Even to the present day, U.S. involvement tioning the killings, have inaccurately omitted the
Indonesia invaded East Timor in 1975 in a in East Timor has never come to full light. Most U.S. role.
naked act of aggression never recognized by the Americans have no idea where Indonesia, let alone "If you want to understand what the
UN. The following year, East Timor, is. United States is doing, think of this baton as an M-
East Timor was formally To a large 16 [takes baton award and points to his head]. It is
"integrated" into the extent, this is pointed at the head of an innocent East Timorese
Indonesian archipelago as the direct fault who has dared to stand up and ask for the end of
the "27th province." of the major the occupation. Washington pauses, considers,
According to numerous American says, 'Don't forget human rights,' and then hands
human rights groups, print and the troops new ammo and says, 'Go ahead, open
including Amnesty broadcast fire.' Repeat this scenario 200,000 times and you'll
In :ernational and the media, who begin to grasp the enormity of crime."
Catholic Church in East virtually A few years back, I took a trip to
T;mrr tmoro tfhn 970 000 inistalled a Washington DC with ETAN (East Timor Action
people-approximately 1/3 of the pre-invasion blackout during the invasion years and kept the Network), an activist group, to lobby Congress
r )pulation-have been killed by the Indonesian public wholly ignorant of what their own country against U.S. military aid to Indonesia. Nairn and
(ABRI). The United States historically has
rilitary was doing. i nterestiingly enough, around this same Goodman accompanied us on the trip. Aside from
Sceen an ardent supporter of the Indonesian regime time, the Khmer Rouge (read: Cambodia: commu- the actual lobbying process (which gives one a fas-
(the U.S. supplied more than 90% of the weapons nists; Indonesia: client-state) seized power in cinating peek into the way the American system of
during the invasion period) and bears special Cambodia, and this conflict was played up to the government works; I found myself standing in
responsibility for what happened in East Timor. nth degree. Noam Chomsky, an authority on this Congressmen's offices next to professional lobby-
Timor's southern coast, sits atop huge oil subject, has done an interesting comparison of the ists representing General Electric and Philip
and gas reserves and deep-water sea lanes (read: two conflicts and how much press coverage each Morris), the thing that struck me the most was
It.k*" l ""L
t,
sUbmarines).I
N1
aiCllturl ly, tel il
ht sllt
i Ill1w f hg r-rktrz Alan's account of the mas-
to exploit these strategic and eco- sacre he and Amy sur-
nomically viable resources would vived. After confiscating
be much more easily obtained all of their recording and
from Indonesia than from an inde- photo equipment, the
pendent Timor. On December 6, Indonesian soldier had
1975, then President Ford and him and Amy kneel on the
Henry Kissinger arrived in Jakarta ground with their hands
toasting Suharto (Inonesia's for- behind their heads and
mer dictator, who was recently pointed an American M-16
forced to step down amidst wide- to Alan's temple. The only
spreao economic and social thing that kept him from
upheaval) on the eve of the inva- executing them was the
sion. "Our relationship involves a fact that they kept shouting
common concern for every nation "We're Americans! We're
to pursue its own destiny on its Americans!" He let them
own independent sovereign go, but only after checking
course. On behalf of Mrs. Ford and their passports and deliv-
ering a couple of swift
myself, I raise my glass and pro-
pose a toast...." Within hours of blows to the head. Alan
this meeting, Indonesia invaded still sports a very visible
East Timor. scar on his forehead from
"Suharto was given the green light by received. The number of column inches written by being hit repeatedly with the M-16.
Kissinger to do what he did. There was a discus- the New York Times on Cambodia and East Timor In 1996, two East Timorese leaders, Bishop
sion in the [U.S.] embassy and in traffic with the was approximately 20 to one. Carlos Belo and Jose Ramos-Horta, were awarded
State Department about problems that would be Alan Nairn, an investigative reporter for the Nobel Peace Prize for their tireless efforts to
created if the public and Congress became aware the Nation, along with another American reporter, bring justice to their homeland. The Nobel briefly
of the type of [American] military assistance that Amy Goodman of Pacifica Radio, were in East put the media spotlight on this obscure region of
was going into Indonesia at the time. Rifles, Timor in 1991 when the ABRI opened fire on a the world and the countries (notably the U.S.,
ammunition, mortars, grenades, helicopters...you funeral procession in Dili, the capital of East Timor, Great Britain and Australia) who continue to sell
name it...was going straight into Timor," said a for- killing 271 people. They were nearly beaten to military hardware to Indonesia despite its horrific
ing evident in the NYC dictator Guiliani's qual- special permission. lidel licenses some of these Ca sa
ity of life initiative, police in Cuba have wide But most Cubans are smart. They all Particulars at a cost of $100-150 a month p)er
liberty to stop Cubans, demand identification, supplement their wage with the dollars they room. With the going rate for a room closer to
and detain them if they lack it. earn from tourists. A Cuban who brings a for- fifteen dollars, a household must have a ren ter
Tourists are never stopped by the police unless eigner to a black market dealer or illegal renter for more than ten days before they see a pro fit.
they happen to be with Cubans. If a tourist con- will often receive a commission. Some offer an Duenas often offer to cook their guest a m
vinces the police that the interaction didn't extra room in their house for short-term rentals. ($5-6) to increase their bottom line.
involve an exchange of money, the Cuban may Some have entire houses and apartments that If a family is renting (illegally as is oft en
ao free. Otherwise, the penalty for a Cuban they offer for this purpose. the case in Havana), they have what few oth 2rs
interacting with tourists is 1,500 Cuban pesos
($75), nearly 4 months wage for most.
This fine is mostly levied against the numerous
local taxis that aren't licensed to carry tourists.
State-sanctioned tourist taxis are late model
vehicles that often charge double the local taxi
fare. This money goes to the state tourism
monopoly. The fine could also be levied against
the numerous illegal room renters in Cuba.
Smaller fines are levied for offenses that don't
involve foreigners. Presumably, the logic is that
Cubans with tourists have an illegal income that
will pay for the fine.
On a Friday or Saturday night, one cannot walk
two blocks without passing a police officer. This
writer was walking with friends and stopped
several times because he appeared Cuban. I
explained to my friends in Spanish why we
were stopped, " The police harass Cubans who
are. interacting with tourists, and they think I'm
a Cuban." Upon showing a foreign license, we
were allowed to continue with an apology for
having been bothered. A Cuban in that same sit-
uation would have been arrested.
Along with the police, each neighbor-
hood has a branch of the Committee for the
Defense of the Revolution (CDR). This organiza-
tion has branches all over Cuba, and is charged
with ensuring that a counter-revolution does
not begin. Neighborhoods are watched by the
elderly and the bored; those who act suspicious
can be, and often are, reported to the police for
further investigation. On the street, one must be
on one's best behavior.
Tourism
The Havana police force has just started
using the 500 Peugeot sub-compact police cars
that Fidel Castro bought for them. How, in a
country of people living a third world lifestyle,
can he afford such an expenditure? The one
word answer is tourism. Tourism is the
bread and butter of Cuba. While there are
exports from Cuba, nothing rivals the volume of
dollars that arrive in the pockets and purses of
the foreign tourists. The police ensure that
nothing happens to the tourists that would prej-
udice them against Cuba.
They come for the cigars, the beaches,
the lifestyle, and the hookers. They come from
around the world to taste the last gasps of a
Cuba made famous by Hemingway, Sinatra, and
Fidel.
Alone and in partnership with
European and Canadian hotel chains, Fidel has
a near monopoly on tourism. The foreign
investors are used mainly for money and exper-
tise on the latest luxury hotel fads.
The Cuban people can earn a good
wage working in these hotels, if they speak
English. If they wanted to enjoy the amenities
on their free time, .they couldn't. They are
Cuban and Cubans are barred from interacting
with foreigners and enjoying tourist facilities
regardless of ability to pay, unless they have
FEBRUARY 10,1999 PAGE 13
TRAVEL ~p , - ·I I ----
· 1 - -~ L ~- , -C - - II _ _ C CI-- r~sCsl I ~I
do : a steady, dollar income. Legal renters prob- paying more than that to take a girl out on a to interrupt this circus. Foreigners go there to
ably see a large surplus in tourist season which date, and then there are no guarantees," he said. meet Cubans and there, Cubans are free to be
is whittled away by Fidel's cut in the dry Back home in San Diego, half of his "dates" gay.
months. could have him arrested for statutory rape.
Nonetheless, the tourism industry sup- In the town of Trinidad, a tall, hand- The Old And the Young
ports a class of people with far greater purchas- some Dutch man consorted with a group of
ing power and more western lifestyle than the male prostitutes at 4 PM, a pre-teen girl at 6pm Oppression of the youth (18-30) is the norm. The
average Cuban. Fidel's dream of equality for the and a teenage boy at 9pm. Trinidad is a small older generation has lived through the revolu-
masses wafts away like the smoke disappearing town. The high-fashion clothing of the children tion and the relatively fat years of Soviet patron-
age. They remember the hardship, racism, and
oppression of the pre-Fidel/Soviet years. They
acknowledge the hardships that have befallen
them in the years since the collapse off the
Soviet Union, but see them as temporary with
respect to their personal experience.
The youth have lived most of their adult lives in
the post-Soviet era. They have forgotten the
years when necessities were given to all by the
government. They see the lifestyle of the for-
eigners visiting, and envy it. They are the hus-
tlers working the tourists, the pimps selling
their sisters, and the sisters selling themselves.
The lucky few have good jobs working legiti-
mately in the tourism industry. The western
lifestyle is a part of their everyday lives, but
they are stuck in Cuba. They have little hope of
living that lifestyle.
It is the youth that pose the greatest
threat to the status quo in Cuba. But, they have
no financial power. They are poor and they will
stay poor as long as Fidel can blame all of the
country's ills on the US embargo. Even the
youth believe that some of the hardship in their
lives is due to the embargo.
The Embargo
Mo h IAr, isAar :
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By Russell Heller
rm o-.... Of course, we must consider that different
people eat their pumpkin seeds differently and this
al
Dr. Salt's page also gives a breakdown ot
various sodium intake levels which gives all this a
aM
.111
.
This semester, many of you may have EXTREME amount of sodium might not be a con- little perspective. A normal salt diet (based on a
cern for everyone. In addition, there are obviously 2000 calorie daily intake) has from 1100-3300 mg of
noticed the racks of trail mix which dispense exot-
people who read a "Nutrition Facts" label much sodium daily. A diet considered high (read: dan-
ic blends of dried fruit and nuts.
Earthly DelightsTM, the sole provider of more thoroughly than I
trail mix for the campus, also has a darker, more do. With this in mind, I
took it upon myself to web a g td by Dr.AecN. Sat Ph.D.
sinister agenda. On the shelf with slightly more
benign trail products, one may find a bag of survey 150 members of vas& ao t i[gI1h
regaSI
Earthly DelightsTM Pumpkin Seeds. An innocent the Stony Brook cam-
bag of pumpkin seeds. Or so it would seem... pus as to their pre-9U IT fl|
ferred method of
My experience with these abominable
seeds happened at the beginning of the semester pumpkin seed enjoyment, gerous) in sodium has from 4000-6000 mg/day.
75% of those I asked said that they would One third of a cup, the suggested serving size, of
when, hungry, I stopped by the Union Deli and
simply eat the entire seed. Also, approximately Earthly DelightsTM pumpkin seeds contains 9290
picked up a bag. I brought them back to my room not, in fact,
read ofa those
half I asked time dobefore
that they
saidevery mg of sodium all by itself. Quite a bit considering
and started eating them. My initial thoughts were
that they tasted remarkably like sea water, salty
read a nutrition
something.
label
nutrition
every
label
time before eatingeating
tthat tthis sa
snack f i isi probably
food item probably not
not the
the only
only
some These results place a considerable number food containing sodium you plan to eat for almost
almost to the point of being inedible. Naturally, I
turned the bag over to peruse the nutrition facts. four days.
of people at risk of unrealized, and probably
To my surprise, the product was revealed It has also occurred to me that suggested
unwanted, sodium consumption. I felt some inter-
to be a significantly low source of sodium. In a 1/3 serving sizes are usually grossly inaccurate e.g.
net research was called for.
cup serving, there were only 17mg of sodium-less On a web page generated by Dr. Alec N. "serving size: 3 cookies." Yeah right. We are a glut-
than 2% of the daily value! With that concern Salt (I swear I am not making this name up), Ph.D. tonous people and we like to pig out sometimes.
somewhat diminished, I cautiously resumed eat- of The Cochlear Fluids Research Laboratory at So what happens if you were to disregard the serv-
ing (did I mention being rather hungry?). When I Washington University, St. Louis, I was able to ing suggestion and wolf down an entire bag of
reached the point where I could no longer swallow come up with some statistics regarding high sodi- those scrumptious, if somewhat brackish pumpkin
the briny pulp I was chewing, it dawned on me um intake, seeds? Your sodium level would climb up to 46,400
that something must be amiss. I returned my atten- Excessive sodium has a variety of deleteri- mg!-1,93 5 % of the daily value! To put it another
tion to the nutrition facts and scoured them for an ous affects on the human body, notably: way: One bag of these seeds has enough sodium
explanation. What I uncovered was shocking. 1) The retention of water; causing bloat- for almost three weeks.
In fine print, at the bottom of the bag, ing, particularly in women. (Yikes !) So what if it is already too late and you
there is a message which informs the reader that 2) A precursor to high blood-pressure, have already foolishly gorged yourself on these
the above information pertains only if one eats the which can be aggravated by other poor dietary saline seeds? Well, Dr. Salt says, "Sweating, vomit-
inside of the pumpkin seed. Consumption of the habits and smoking. ing, and diarrhea can all provide significant sodi-
entire seed would raise the sodium total to 3) In the presence of high blood pressure, um loss." So I would have to recommend that you
9,290mg, equivalent to 387% of the daily value! high sodium intake is deadly and is the first thing try some combination of those activities. Extra
1/3 cup of these pumpkin seeds contains almost someone with hypertension should staying alive, points if you can do all three at once.
enough sodium for FOUR DAYS! (Yikes, again.)
17
PAGE
1999
|0.
FEBRuARY
FEBRUARY 10, 1999 PAGE 17
WE_
U.S. calendar, we can always borrow a cause My Vietnamese foster sister is the one who
for celebration from our international brothers first turned me on to Tet. I quickly embraced the
and sisters. Here are a couple of suggestions: holiday as my own and am currently waiting
for my parents to hand over some new clothes
Groundhog Day- February 2nd and lucky money. I could sure use them.
This will have to be a belated celebra-
tion, but since losing the groundhog day spirit Setsubun- February 3
isn't an issue, it can be done. Groundhog Day This Japanese ceremony, called "mame-
is celebrated every 2nd of February. Although maki" ("bean-scattering"), is performed at
some may prefer a good old fashioned temples and hrines, and in people's homes on
groundhog BBQ, this holiday's roots actually "Setsubun," the last day of winter on the
stem from Germany, Austria, and England lunar calendar.
where the people predicted the length of win- Roasted soybeans are scattered in and
ter by the behavior of hibernating animals. around buildings, with cries of "Oni wa soto,
If a groundhog comes out of its hole fuku wa uchi!" ("Devils out, good fortune
and see his or her shadow, there will suppos- in!"). The doors are then closed quickly to
edly be six more weeks of winter. If the groundhog New Orleans is a fabulous town, but since keep the devils out. After the throwing ceremony,
doesn't spot his shadow, you guessed it: early spring. it is a bit distant, I'd recommend bringing the party people eat the same number of beans as their age,
There's extra cause for celebration this year, because on over here. Have a no-holds-barred sinfest and in order to guarantee themselves a year of good
the groundhog everyone watches, "Punxsutawney live it up. If you're worried about your immortal health.
Phil" of Pennsylvania, didn't see his shadow. soul, you can always spend Ash Wednesday and Large shrines and temples sometimes
A friend of mine was actually years ahead Lent atoning for your merry-making. Make sure invite sumo wrestlers or other popular personali-
of me in this whole Groundhog Day thing. She's those forty days of repentance are well deserved. ties to perform the bean-throwing ceremony,
been throwing a rather kick-ass G-Day bash for choosing "toshiotoko" (those whose birth sign on
years, and it always seems to lessen everyone's Chinese New Year- February 16 this year the Chinese Zodiac is the same sign of the current
mid-winter blahs. Attempts to capture and cook One of the greatest holidays during year on the Chinese calendar) for good luck.
groundhog remain unsuccessful. February is the Chinese (lunar) New Year. On this My brother e-mailed me from Japan about
day, people visit relatives and anticipate a prosper- this one last year, and it seemed kind of interesting.
Mardi Gras - ends February 16 this year ous new year. They wear new clothes, and young There's no inherent carousing involved, but you
Mardi Gras is Louisiana's most famous festival. The people receive money inside red envelopes (called can always get creative. This is another holiday that
phrase "Mardi Gras" means "Fat Tuesday" in lai see) for luck. Lion and dragon dances are also occurred before the Press' deadline, but you can
French. It refers to the final day of merry-making performed for luck. There are lots of fireworks and have fun driving devils out any day of the year.
before Ash Wednesday dawns and Lent begins for parties too, not to mention some very good food. So to all you anti-Valentiners, don't let one
Catholics. Many other countries have similar cele- So, if this particular holiday isn't already silly day spoil the whole month. The non-romanti-
brations, and it's known in Latin countries as on your social calendar, try it out. New clothes, cally inclined deserve their fun too. Enjoy this vari-
Carneval (which means "farewell to meat" in Latin). money, food, what could be bad? "Kung Hay Fat ety of holidays. Celebrate, and party to the fullest.
___ L IL __
Conservative hero-worship got a lot more debt, clearly deserves to be lumped in with those who
pathetic last week when our putzhead of the week, brought us the Emancipation Proclamation and the
Rep. Matt Salmon of Arizona, introduced a particular- Declaration of Independence. Ah, duh!
ly idiotic new bill into Congress. Salmon's legislative gift has been demon-
He presented a resolution to the strated with previous gems like the "No
house to carve the face of former presi- Second Chances" bill, which would require
dent Ronald Reagan into Mount that violent criminals receive mandatory life
Rushmore, the huge memorial in North sentences, without parole, on the first
Dakota. Reagan's face would join the leg- offense. So much for "correction" and
endary figures of Jefferson, Washington, "reform," huh?
Lincoln, and Teddy Roosevelt. Matt Salmon can be reached via
Salmon contends that Reagan, the email at matt.salmon@mail.house.gov, or by
man who brought us the invasion of phone at 202-225-2635. Give him a call and
Grenada, Iran-Contra and a record national tell him what a putzhead he is!
- io
can't get married?'" Clemans recalls. Clemans is also concerned with inheri-
"I was so relieved, and so excited," she
says, that she could begin the day by educating
someone about it.
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tance in cases where wills are not made, and cus-
tody of children a gay couple has raised together,
which is often relinquished to the absent parent or
leafleting this year.
They continue to fight for the right to
marry, because, as Samuels says, "Letting us be is
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M.- 11:::. .
hand, makes this dedication~
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Ruth goes to Bethlehem, in the land of Juda, with Noemi, and
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becomes widely known for her devotion. Orpha is never heard of again.
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Ruth's dedication to Noerni includes the "'til death do us part" of
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woman to stay together, forever, after marrying each other and promising
unending loyalty to one another before God anid their friends and family.
But these traditional wedding vows, and traditional promises, are
not extended to homosexual couples who wish to promise unending loyalty
to* one anoter. And neither is Ruth's dedication, the dedication of one
wonman to another, ""til death do vs part," alowed to be used in a court of
law or in a church to seal the love between a man and a man or a woman and
a woman. Not in the United States of America-not in the land of the free."'
PRO
Triple
thin-
Triple
Threat,
P'atented
left
known
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made aga
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be fooled
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Miss July;
the cover:
The New 1
DogFancy
windmill 4
Elephant
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relation s
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tie paper;
World cor
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ghost in I
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Watchers
FATr UE I
BBE LOM
will have