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Pragna
MICRODESIGNS

INSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

MANUAL
FOR

DC SERVO MOTOR SPEED

TORQUE UNIT

Designed and Manufactured by:

PRAGNA MICRODESIGNS
No. 34, Karekallu, Kamakshipalya,
Basaveshwaranagar post, Bangalore – 560 079.
Ph: 57603219 Telefax; 23285123
E-mail: pragnamicrodesigns@yahoo.com
 D.C. SERVOMOTOR SPEED TORQUE UNIT

Introduction:

There are many types of D.C. motors used in industries. D.C. motors that are
used in control systems are called D.C. servo motors. In D.C. servomotors
the rotor inertia have been made very small, with the result that motors with
very high torque to inertia ratio are commercially available. Some D.C.
motors with relatively small power rating are used in instruments and
computer related instruments. D.C. Series, shunt and permanent magnet
D.C. servo motors with medium and large power ratings are used in robot
systems and CNC machines. And normally they are available with built in
tachogenerator for speed sensing in closed loop control applications. Most
important among the characteristics of the D.C. servo motor is the maximum
acceleration obtainable. For a given available torque the rotor moment of
inertia must be maximum. Since the servomotor operates under continuously
varying conditions, acceleration and deceleration of the rotor occur from
time to time. The servo motor must be able to absorb the mechanical energy
as well as to generate it. The performance of servomotor when used as a
brake is satisfactory.

Description of the setup:

This unit mainly consists of a D.C. servomotor whose characteristic is to be

studied. A variable D.C. supply is provided to vary the speed of the D.C
motor. A tachometer is provided to read the motor speed in rpm directly. A
pulley is fitted to the shaft of the D.C servomotor for mechanical loading
arrangement. A belt and two spring balances are fitted to load the motor.

D.C. Servomotor Specifications

Type : Permanent Magnet Type

Voltage : 24V D.C.
Torque : 400 gm-cm
Speed : 4400 RPM
Speed Variation and Speed Control

A variable D.C. power supply from 1.5V to 24V approximately is generated

using LM 317 voltage regulator. This variable D.C. voltage is used to vary
the speed of the D.C. servomotor.
The servomotor is fitted with Photo reflective sensor to sense the speed of
D.C servomotor. The Photo reflective sensor generates pulses whose
frequency is proportional to the speed of D.C. servomotor. In this unit, the
frequency of the Photo reflective sensor is taken as the reference for speed
sensing. This signal is fed to a signal conditioner and then to a micro
controller. The micro controller is programmed to display the speed in rpm
directly.

Torque Measurement

In order to measure the torque produced by the D.C. servomotor we have an

arrangement to produce the variable load on the D.C servomotor. The D.C.
servomotor is fitted to the front panel and its shaft is extended outside the
front panel. A small aluminum break drum is fitted to the shaft for loading.
A small leather belt and two spring balances are fitted to the belt on the sides
and fitted to an MS channel. A wheel is fitted to the one side of the shaft for
varying the speed.

Front Panel Details: -

1. Power : Mains ON/OFF switch to the unit with built in

indicator.
2. RPM meter : Meter to display the speed in rpm.
3. Ammeter : Meter to display the load current in amps.
4. Servomotor ON/OFF: D.C. supply ON/OFF switch to the
servomotor.
5. Speed : Potentiometer to vary the speed of the D.C.
Servomotor.
6. 24V DC : 1.5V to 24V supply terminals for the DC.
7. Tachometer : Tachogenerator output points connected to
tachometer.
8. Fuse : 2A glass fuse for power supply protection.
Procedure: -

1. Remove the load in no load condition. Switch ON the module.

2. Note down the no load current and no load speed.
3. Adjust the potentiometer for the rated voltage of 24V.
4. Adjust the load in steps to a maximum of 200 gm-cm and a current of
0.8 Amps (do not exceed 0.8 amps)
5. At each load note down the speed.
6. Calculate the corresponding torque and plot the torque speed
characteristics.
7. Repeat the procedure for 60% and 40% of the rated voltage
a) Rated voltage
b) 60% rated voltage
c) 40% rated voltage

Voltage(v) Current (A) Speed(N) Load W in Torque

rpm gram T=WXR
gram-cm
 DC – SERVO MOTOR SPEED – TORQUE
CHARACTERISTICS STUDY UNIT - DST

RPMAMPS

ON OFF

SERVO MOTOR

SPEED

A
SERVO

Photo
Reflectiv
M e Sensor

M
O
DC SERVO MOTOR SPEED – TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS UNIT

Speed in
RPM
Rated voltage (24V)
60% Rated voltage
40% Rated voltage

Torque in gm - cm

Speed V/S Torque