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Chapter One introduction

Container ports and terminals form an essential component of the modern
economy. Containerizations since the middle of the 20th century has
dramatically reduced the transport cost of international trade: before the
container, the transport of goods was so expensive that few items were
shipped halfway across the country, much less halfway around the world,
but in the present day, an American brand car might be designed in
Germany, the components are produced in Japan, Taiwan and Singapore,
it is assembled in Korea, and the advertising campaign is delivered by a
British company. The largely reduced transport cost derived by
containerization means that handling goods has become highly automated
and efficient between most transport modes and transport goods from
anywhere to anywhere has therefore become a feasible operation for
many enterprises (Levinson, 2008). Once isolated factories have
become integrated into a global network, and more multinational and
international companies are present in many markets since they are able
to choose the cheapest location in which to produce. As a result, todays
economy is formed by the offshoring, outsourcing and extensive use of
global supply chains, to which container handling and transport have
contributed significantly. Since the introduction of the first
internationally-standardized container in the 1960s, container trade has
grown rapidly to reach an estimated 143 million in TEU and 1.24 billion
in tonnage (UNTCAD, 2008), comprising over 70% of the value of world
international seaborne trade (Drewry Shipping Consultants, 2006)
Efficiency has long been a top priority in the container terminal industry
and this trend couldnt be more valid today. The competitive environment
is hard, container volumes are rising and vessels are becoming even
larger. Consequently, a large number of container terminals are already
running at full capacity. Terminal operators are constantly evaluating
whether automation can improve their operations, both through process
automation and equipment automation. Software-based automation of
terminal processes requires a relatively small initial investment, ensuring
pay back in a short period of time by improving efficiency and reducing
operating costs. Terminal developed the performance is measured by the
following table


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Project is study the RTG and RMG Cranes used for container terminal

Why RMG
Electrically powered
Efficient operation
Land utilization
Less travel distance for street trucks at terminals
Deployment: Semi-automated or automated
Environmentally friendly


Why RMS Operational Benefits Compared to RTG
Regenerate power back to the network cost savings in
energy consumption
No diesel engine and related maintenance requirements
Gantry speed (3 5 m/sec)
Accurate movements - Locate box in any given time, no
GPS required
RMG can be manned but can be easily fully automated if
required or permitted





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Project contents the six chapters


Chapter one Introduction

Chapter Two Traction motors

Chapter Three Electrical drive for crane

Chapter Four Sensors and transducer

Chapter Five PLC

Chapter Six Prototype and Calculations



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