Mechanics of Materials

1
FE Review Mechanics of Materials

February 2012
Reference
2
http://web.mst.edu/~mecmovie/
ReferenceHandbook
Assumptions
Topics
Torsion
Shear and Moment in Beams Assumptions
UniaxialStressandStrain
ShearStressandStrain
HookesLaw
Stress/StrainDiagram
MaterialProperties
UniaxialDeformations
ShearandMomentinBeams
FlexuralStressinBeams
ShearStressinBeams
BeamDeflection
Superposition
StressTransf MohrsCircle
Columns
PoissonsRatio
HookesLawin3D
PressureVessels
AdditionalResources
3
LinearElastic
AssumptionsinAnalysis
Stresseslessthanyieldstress
Memberreturnstooriginalshapeafterloading
Homogeneous
Samephysicalpropertiesthroughout
Isotropic Isotropic
Sameelasticpropertiesinalldirections
UniaxialStressandStrain
4
ShearStress/ShearStrain
5
6
HookesLaw
7
StressStrainDiagram
8
9
UniaxialDeformation
10
PoissonsRatio
11
12
HookesLawinThreeDimensions
13
Torsion
Torsion
14
15
16
17
18
19
BeamSupportConditions
ClassificationofBeamSupports
20
Beams structuralmemberssupportingloadsat
Objective Analysisanddesignofbeams
variouspointsalongthemember
Transverseloadingsofbeamsareclassifiedas
concentrated loadsordistributed loads
Appliedloadsresultininternalforcesconsistingofa
shearforce(fromtheshearstressdistribution)anda
bendingcouple(fromthenormalstressdistribution)
Normalstressisbasedonthecriteria
S
M
I
c M
I
My
m x
= = = o o
Whichrequiresdeterminationofthelocationand
magnitudeoflargestbendingmomentM
all
M
S
o
max
min
=
21
Shearstressdesignisbasedonthecriteria
whichrequiresdeterminationofthelocationandmagnitudeoflargestshearforceV
Ib
VQ
xy
= t
ShearStressinBeams
Foranarrowrectangularbeam,
A
V
c
y
A
V
Ib
VQ
xy
2
3
1
2
3
max
2
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
= =
t
t
Forwideflange(Wsection)rolled
steelbeams
web
ave
A
V
It
VQ
=
=
max
t
t
22
23
24
Curvature is defined as:
BeamDeflection
Curvatureisdefinedas:
EI
x M ) ( 1
=
Beamdeflectsdownwardwherethebendingmoment
ispositiveandupwardswhereitisnegative.
An equation for the beam shape or elastic curve is Anequationforthebeamshapeorelasticcurve is
requiredtodeterminemaximumdeflectionand
slope.
25
26
27
BeamDeflection~Example
Fortheuniformbeamandloadingshown,
determinethemaximumdeflection.Thesteel
beamis25longandcarriesauniformly
distributedloadof200Lbs/ft.Thebeams
momentofinertiais254in
4
.
SOLUTION:
Refertobeamdeflectiontables
" 24 .
) 254 )( 29000000 ( 384
] 12 [ ) ' 25 )( 200 ( 5
384
5
4
3 4
4
max
= = =
in psi
ft
in
ft
Lb
EI
wL
o
28
MethodofSuperposition
Forthebeamandloadingshown,
determinetheslopeanddeflectionat p
pointB.
SOLUTION:
SuperposethedeformationsduetoLoadingI andLoadingII asshown.
29
LoadingI
( )
wL
3
= u ( )
wL
y
4
= ( )
EI
I B
6
= u ( )
EI
y
I B
8
=
LoadingII
( )
EI
wL
II
C
48
3
= u ( )
EI
wL
y
II
C
128
4
=
InbeamsegmentCB,thebendingmomentiszero
d th l ti i t i ht li andtheelasticcurveisastraightline.
( ) ( )
EI
wL
II
C II B
48
3
= = u u
( )
EI
wL L
EI
wL
EI
wL
y
II B
384
7
2 48 128
4 3 4
=
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
Combine the two solutions
( ) ( )
EI
wL
EI
wL
II B I B B
48 6
3 3
+ = + = u u u
( ) ( )
EI
wL
EI
wL
y y y
II B I B B
384
7
8
4 4
+ = + =
EI
wL
B
48
7
3
= u
EI
wL
y
B
384
41
4
=
Combinethetwosolutions,
30
PlaneStressTransformation
MohrsCircle
31
32
MohrsCircle
MohrsCircle
33
MohrsCircle
MohrsCircle
34
MohrsCircle
MohrsCircle
35
MohrsCircle
MohrsCircle
36
37
Columns
Inthedesignofcolumns,crosssectionalareais
selectedsuchthat
allowablestressisnotexceeded
all
A
P
o o s =
deformationfallswithinspecifications
spec
AE
PL
o o s =
Evenifallowablestressesarenotexceeded,the
columnmaybeunstableunderloadingandcould
buckle.
EulersFormulaforPinEndedColumns
Consideranaxiallyloadedbeam.Aftera
smallperturbation,thesystemreachesan
equilibrium configuration such that equilibriumconfigurationsuchthat
0
2
2
2
2
= +
= =
y
EI
P
dx
y d
y
EI
P
EI
M
dx
y d
Solutionwithassumedconfigurationcan
onlybeobtainedif
( )
( )
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
r L
E
A L
Ar E
A
P
L
EI
P P
cr
cr
t t
o o
t
= = > =
= >
38
EulersFormulaforPinEndedColumns
Thevalueofstresscorrespondingtothe
criticalload,
( )
A L
Ar E
A
P
A
P
L
EI
P P
cr
cr
cr
cr
2
2 2
2
2
=
= > =
= >
t
o
o o
t
( )
s ratio slendernes
r
L
tress critical s
r L
E

2
2
=
= =
t
EffectiveLengthFactors
Acolumnwithonefixedandonefreeend,
willbehaveastheupperhalfofapin
connected column connectedcolumn.
ThecriticalloadingiscalculatedfromEulers
formula,
2
2
=
L
EI
P
e
cr
t
( )
length equivalent 2
2
2
= =
=
L L
r L
E
e
e
cr
t
o
39
EffectiveLengthFactors
40
41
PressureVessels
PressureVessels
42
43
Columns~Example
DeterminethemaximumpermissibleaxialloadPonthe8ft.
tallcolumnifafactorofsafetyof2.0istobeapplied.The
column is made of Grade 36 steel columnismadeofGrade36steel.
44
Columns~Example
SOLUTION:
E
steel
=29,000,000psiMod.OfElast.(fromtables)
F
y
=36,000psiYieldstress(fromtables)
( ) in. 192 ft 16 ft 8 2 = = = = KL L
e
y
, p ( )
Effectivelengthforfixed/freecolumnK=2.0
( )( )
( )
kips 1 . 62
in 192
in 0 . 8 psi 10 29
2
4 6 2
2
2
=
= =
t t
e
cr
L
EI
P
Criticalload,
Criticalstress,
2
in 3.54
kips 1 . 31
2
kips 1 . 62
= =
= =
A
P
FS
P
P
all
cr
all
o
kips 1 . 31 =
all
P
ksi 79 . 8 = o
Allowableload,
controls Buckling ksi 36 ksi 54 . 17
in. sq. 54 . 3
kips 1 . 62
= s = = =
y
cr
cr
A
P
o o
RectangularBeam~Example
SOLUTION:
Develop shear and bending moment
Atimberbeamistosupportthethree
concentratedloadsshown.Knowingthat
forthegradeoftimberused,
Developshearandbendingmoment
diagrams.Identifythemaximums.
Determinethebeamdepthbasedon
allowablenormalstress.
Determinethebeamdepthbasedon
allowableshearstress.
psi 120 psi 1800 = =
all all
t o
determinetheminimumrequireddepthd
ofthebeam.
Requiredbeamdepthisequaltothe
largerofthetwodepthsfound.
45
SOLUTION:
Developshearandbendingmoment
diagrams.Identifythemaximums.
in kip 90 ft kip 5 . 7
kips 3
max
max
= =
=
M
V
Determinethebeamdepthbasedonallowablenormal
stress.
max
M
2 1
3
12
1
d b
I
S
d b I
= =
=
( )
in. 26 . 9
in. 5833 . 0
in. lb 10 90
psi 1800
2
3
max
=

=
=
d
d
S
all
o
Determinethebeamdepthbasedonallowableshear
stress.
3V
( )
( )
2
2
6
1
6
in. 5833 . 0
in. 5 . 3
d
d
d b
c
S
=
=
= =
( )
in. 71 . 10
in. 3.5
lb 3000
2
3
psi 120
2
3
max
=
=
=
d
d
A
V
all
t
Reqdbeamdepthisequaltothelargervalue.
in. 71 . 10 = d

Mechanics of Materials

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FE Review Mechanics of Materials

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